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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_subjective_journalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_subjective_journalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>As subjective journalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_subjective_journalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_form_and_technique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_form_and_technique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>As form and technique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_form_and_technique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_intensive_reportage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_intensive_reportage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>As intensive reportage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_intensive_reportage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writers_and_editors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writers_and_editors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Writers and editors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writers_and_editors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Parajournalism"_and_the_New_Yorker_affair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Parajournalism"_and_the_New_Yorker_affair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>"Parajournalism" and the <i>New Yorker</i> affair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Parajournalism"_and_the_New_Yorker_affair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gail_Sheehy_and_"Redpants"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gail_Sheehy_and_"Redpants""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Gail Sheehy and "Redpants"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gail_Sheehy_and_"Redpants"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_against_New_Journalism_as_a_distinct_genre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_against_New_Journalism_as_a_distinct_genre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Criticism against New Journalism as a distinct genre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_against_New_Journalism_as_a_distinct_genre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References and notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References_and_notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References and notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References_and_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>General bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">New Journalism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="صحافة جديدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صحافة جديدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова журналистика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нова журналистика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nou_periodisme" title="Nou periodisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nou periodisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_journalism" title="New journalism – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="New journalism" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Journalism" title="New Journalism – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="New Journalism" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_periodismo" title="Nuevo periodismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nuevo periodismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_%C4%B5urnalismo" title="Nova ĵurnalismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nova ĵurnalismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazetaritza_berria" title="Kazetaritza berria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kazetaritza berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="روزنامه‌نگاری نوین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روزنامه‌نگاری نوین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau_journalisme" title="Nouveau journalisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouveau journalisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4_%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="뉴 저널리즘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴 저널리즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%AC%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նոր լրագրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոր լրագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurnalisme_baru" title="Jurnalisme baru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jurnalisme baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuovo_giornalismo" title="Nuovo giornalismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuovo giornalismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95-%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="ניו-ג'ורנליזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניו-ג'ורנליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BAa" title="Жаңа журналистикa – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңа журналистикa" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujoji_%C5%BEurnalistika" title="Naujoji žurnalistika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujoji žurnalistika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Journalism" title="New Journalism – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="New Journalism" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="ニュー・ジャーナリズム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニュー・ジャーナリズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_journalism" title="New journalism – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="New journalism" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowe_Dziennikarstwo" title="Nowe Dziennikarstwo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowe Dziennikarstwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornalismo_liter%C3%A1rio" title="Jornalismo literário – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jornalismo literário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая журналистика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новая журналистика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusi_journalismi" title="Uusi journalismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uusi journalismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова журналістика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нова журналістика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新新闻主义 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新新闻主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1044646#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/New_Journalism" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">Journalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News" title="News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_style" title="News style">Writing style</a> (<a href="/wiki/Five_Ws" title="Five Ws">Five Ws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">Ethics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Code_of_ethics_in_media" title="Code of ethics in media">code of ethics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_culture" title="Journalism culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalistic_objectivity" title="Journalistic objectivity">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_values" title="News values">News values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(journalism)" title="Source (journalism)">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">Editorial independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_school" title="Journalism school">Journalism school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_journalism_articles" title="Index of journalism articles">Index of journalism articles</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Areas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_journalism" title="Arts journalism">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_journalism" title="Business journalism">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_journalism" title="Entertainment journalism">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_journalism" title="Environmental journalism">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_journalism" title="Medical journalism">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_journalism" title="Political journalism">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_journalism" title="Science journalism">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_reporting" title="Traffic reporting">Traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_news" title="World news">World</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adversarial_journalism" title="Adversarial journalism">Adversarial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_journalism" title="Advocacy journalism">Advocacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Journalistic_interventionism" title="Journalistic interventionism">Interventionism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_journalism" title="Analytic journalism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churnalism" title="Churnalism">Churnalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_journalism" title="Civic journalism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_journalism" title="Collaborative journalism">Collaborative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_journalism" title="Comics journalism">Comics-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_journalism" title="Community journalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_journalism" title="Database journalism">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_journalism" title="Digital journalism">Digital/Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_journalism" title="Explanatory journalism">Explanatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_journalism" title="Gonzo journalism">Gonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-interest_story" title="Human-interest story">Human-interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_journalism" title="Immersion journalism">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretive_journalism" title="Interpretive journalism">Interpretive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">Investigative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_journalism" title="Multimedia journalism">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_journalism" title="Narrative journalism">Narrative</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit journalism">Non-profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_journalism" title="Opinion journalism">Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">Press release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor_journalism" title="Sensor journalism">Sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_journalism" title="Video journalism">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_journalism" title="Visual journalism">Visual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_journalism" title="Watchdog journalism">Watchdog</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Social impact</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate" title="Fourth Estate">Fourth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate" title="Fifth Estate">Fifth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_race_journalism" title="Horse race journalism">Horse race journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> (<a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-slime_journalism" title="Pink-slime journalism">Pink-slime journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_model" title="Propaganda model">Propaganda model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">News media</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspapers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">Newspaper of record</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">TV and radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Roles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalists (reporters)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">Columnist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_editing" title="Copy editing">Copy editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologist" title="Meteorologist">Meteorologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_presenter" title="News presenter">News presenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundit" title="Pundit">Pundit / commentator</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/16px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/24px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/32px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Journalism" title="Portal:Journalism">Journalism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Journalism" title="Category:Journalism">Category: Journalism</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journalism_sidebar" title="Template:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>New Journalism</b> is a style of <a href="/wiki/News_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="News writing">news writing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">journalism</a>, developed in the 1960s and 1970s, that uses literary techniques unconventional at the time. It is characterized by a subjective perspective, a literary style reminiscent of long-form non-fiction. Using extensive imagery, reporters interpolate subjective language within facts whilst immersing themselves in the stories as they reported and wrote them. In traditional journalism, the journalist is "invisible"; facts are meant to be reported objectively.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term was codified with its current meaning by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Tom Wolfe</a> in a 1973 collection of journalism articles he published as <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Journalism" title="The New Journalism">The New Journalism</a></i>, which included works by himself, <a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote" title="Truman Capote">Truman Capote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunter_S._Thompson" title="Hunter S. Thompson">Hunter S. Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Didion" title="Joan Didion">Joan Didion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Southern" title="Terry Southern">Terry Southern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Robert Christgau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gay_Talese" title="Gay Talese">Gay Talese</a> and others. </p><p>Articles in the New Journalism style tended not to be found in newspapers, but in magazines such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Monthly">The Atlantic Monthly</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper's">Harper's</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/CoEvolution_Quarterly" title="CoEvolution Quarterly">CoEvolution Quarterly</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>, and for a short while in the early 1970s, <i><a href="/wiki/Scanlan%27s_Monthly" title="Scanlan's Monthly">Scanlan's Monthly</a></i>. </p><p>Contemporary journalists and writers questioned the "currency" of New Journalism and its qualification as a distinct genre. The subjective nature of New Journalism received extensive exploration: one critic suggested the genre's practitioners functioned more as sociologists and psychoanalysts than as journalists. Criticism has been leveled at numerous individual writers in the genre, as well. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precursors_and_alternate_uses_of_the_term">Precursors and alternate uses of the term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Precursors and alternate uses of the term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various people and tendencies throughout the history of American journalism have been labeled "new journalism". <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Park" title="Robert E. Park">Robert E. Park</a>, for instance, in his <i>Natural History of the Newspaper</i>, referred to the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Penny_press" title="Penny press">penny press</a> in the 1830s as "new journalism".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">yellow press</a>—papers such as <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer" title="Joseph Pulitzer">Joseph Pulitzer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York World</a></i> in the 1880s—led journalists and historians to proclaim that a "New Journalism" had been created.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ault and Emery, for instance, said "[i]ndustrialization and urbanization changed the face of America during the latter half of the Nineteenth century, and its newspapers entered an era known as that of the 'New Journalism.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Hohenberg, in <i>The Professional Journalist</i> (1960), called the interpretive reporting which developed after World War II a "new journalism which not only seeks to explain as well as to inform; it even dares to teach, to measure, to evaluate."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1960s and 1970s, the term enjoyed widespread popularity, often with meanings bearing manifestly little or no connection with one another. Although James E. Murphy noted that "...most uses of the term seem to refer to something no more specific than vague new directions in journalism",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curtis D. MacDougal devoted the preface of the sixth edition of his <i>Interpretative Reporting</i> to New Journalism and cataloged many of the contemporary definitions: "Activist, advocacy, participatory, tell-it-as-you-see-it, sensitivity, investigative, saturation, humanistic, reformist and a few more."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Magic Writing Machine—Student Probes of the New Journalism</i>, a collection edited and introduced by Everette E. Dennis, came up with six categories, labelled new nonfiction (reportage), alternative journalism ("modern muckraking"), advocacy journalism, underground journalism and precision journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael Johnson's <i>The New Journalism</i> addresses itself to three phenomena: the underground press, the artists of nonfiction, and changes in the established media.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_usage">First usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W.T._Stead_19th_Precinct_1st_Ward_Chicago_1894_Cornell_CUL_PJM_1115_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/W.T._Stead_19th_Precinct_1st_Ward_Chicago_1894_Cornell_CUL_PJM_1115_01.jpg/150px-W.T._Stead_19th_Precinct_1st_Ward_Chicago_1894_Cornell_CUL_PJM_1115_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/W.T._Stead_19th_Precinct_1st_Ward_Chicago_1894_Cornell_CUL_PJM_1115_01.jpg/225px-W.T._Stead_19th_Precinct_1st_Ward_Chicago_1894_Cornell_CUL_PJM_1115_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/W.T._Stead_19th_Precinct_1st_Ward_Chicago_1894_Cornell_CUL_PJM_1115_01.jpg/300px-W.T._Stead_19th_Precinct_1st_Ward_Chicago_1894_Cornell_CUL_PJM_1115_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="2064" /></a><figcaption>A polemic map by W. T. Stead, social reformer and journalist of the <i>New Journalism</i> magazine of the 1880s and 1890s</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Matthew Arnold</a> is credited with coining the term "New Journalism" in 1887,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morison_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morison-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which went on to define an entire genre of newspaper history, particularly <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Harmsworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Harmsworth">Lord Northcliffe's</a> turn-of-the-century press empire. However, at the time, the target of Arnold's irritation was not Northcliffe, but the sensational journalism of <i><a href="/wiki/Pall_Mall_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Pall Mall Gazette">Pall Mall Gazette</a></i> editor <a href="/wiki/W._T._Stead" title="W. T. Stead">W. T. Stead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morison_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morison-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He strongly disapproved of the <a href="/wiki/Muck-raking" class="mw-redirect" title="Muck-raking">muck-raking</a> Stead, and declared that, under this editor, "the P.M.G., whatever may be its merits, is fast ceasing to be literature."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stead himself called his brand of journalism '<a href="/wiki/Government_by_Journalism" title="Government by Journalism">Government by Journalism</a>'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_development,_1960s"><span id="Early_development.2C_1960s"></span>Early development, 1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early development, 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_birth_of_New_Journalism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/The_birth_of_New_Journalism.jpg/220px-The_birth_of_New_Journalism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/The_birth_of_New_Journalism.jpg/330px-The_birth_of_New_Journalism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/04/The_birth_of_New_Journalism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>February 14, 1972, article in <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Tom Wolfe</a>, announcing the birth of New Journalism</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nan_Talese_and_Gay_Talese_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nan_Talese_and_Gay_Talese_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg/220px-Nan_Talese_and_Gay_Talese_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nan_Talese_and_Gay_Talese_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg/330px-Nan_Talese_and_Gay_Talese_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nan_Talese_and_Gay_Talese_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg/440px-Nan_Talese_and_Gay_Talese_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2504" data-file-height="3340" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nan_A._Talese" title="Nan A. Talese">Nan A. Talese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gay_Talese" title="Gay Talese">Gay Talese</a> in 2009. Gay Talese was one of the pioneers of New Journalism.</figcaption></figure> <p>How and when the term New Journalism began to refer to a genre is not clear.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Tom Wolfe</a>, a practitioner and principal advocate of the form,<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wrote in at least two articles<sup id="cite_ref-birth_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birth-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-great_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-great-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1972 that he had no idea of where it began. Trying to shed light on the matter, literary critic <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Krim" title="Seymour Krim">Seymour Krim</a> offered his explanation in 1973. </p> <blockquote><p>I'm certain that <a href="/wiki/Pete_Hamill" title="Pete Hamill">[Pete] Hamill</a> first used the expression. In about April of 1965 he called me at <i>Nugget</i> Magazine, where I was editorial director, and told me he wanted to write an article about new New Journalism. It was to be about the exciting things being done in the old reporting genre by Talese, Wolfe and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Breslin" title="Jimmy Breslin">Jimmy Breslin</a>. He never wrote the piece, so far as I know, but I began using the expression in conversation and writing. It was picked up and stuck.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>But wherever and whenever the term arose, there is evidence of some literary experimentation in the early 1960s, as in 1960 when <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a> broke away from fiction to write "<a href="/wiki/Superman_Comes_to_the_Supermarket" title="Superman Comes to the Supermarket">Superman Comes to the Supermarket</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report of <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">nomination</a> that year, the piece established a precedent which Mailer would later build on in his <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 convention</a> coverage (<i><a href="/wiki/Miami_and_the_Siege_of_Chicago" title="Miami and the Siege of Chicago">Miami and the Siege of Chicago</a></i>) and in other nonfiction as well. </p><p>Wolfe wrote that his first acquaintance with a new style of reporting came in a 1962 <i><a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a></i> article about <a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gay_Talese" title="Gay Talese">Gay Talese</a>. <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'Joe Louis at Fifty'<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">a</a></sup> wasn't like a magazine article at all. It was like a short story. It began with a scene, an intimate confrontation between Louis and his third wife..."<sup id="cite_ref-ASNEbulletin_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASNEbulletin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wolfe said Talese was the first to apply fiction techniques to reporting. <i>Esquire</i> claimed credit as the seedbed for these new techniques. <i>Esquire</i> editor <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hayes" title="Harold Hayes">Harold Hayes</a> later wrote that "in the Sixties, events seemed to move too swiftly to allow the osmotic process of art to keep abreast, and when we found a good novelist we immediately sought to seduce him with the sweet mysteries of current events."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon others, notably <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>, followed <i>Esquire</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s lead, and the style eventually infected other magazines and then books.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rarely mentioned, perhaps because they are somewhat less playfully countercultural in tone, as early and eminent exemplars of the new form are: <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt's</a> "<a href="/wiki/Eichmann_in_Jerusalem" title="Eichmann in Jerusalem">Eichmann in Jerusalem</a>"(1963)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/John_Hersey" title="John Hersey">John Hersey's</a> "<a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1946), and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson's</a> "<a href="/wiki/Silent_Spring" title="Silent Spring">Silent Spring</a>"(1962);<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> articles which introduced, respectively, the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">nuclear war</a> and the existential threat of mass-extinction into public-consciousness for the first time for most of their contemporary readers.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of the criticism favorable to this New Journalism came from the writers themselves. Talese and Wolfe, in a panel discussion cited earlier, asserted that, although what they wrote may look like fiction, it was indeed reporting: "Fact reporting, leg work", Talese called it.<sup id="cite_ref-digest_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digest-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wolfe, in <i>Esquire</i> for December, 1972, hailed the replacement of the novel by the New Journalism as literature's "main event"<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and detailed the points of similarity and contrast between the New Journalism and the novel. The four techniques of realism that he and the other New Journalists employed, he wrote, had been the sole province of novelists and other <i>literati</i>. They are scene-by-scene construction, full record of dialogue, third-person point of view and the manifold incidental details to round out character (i.e., descriptive incidentals).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result: </p> <blockquote><p>... is a form that is not merely like a <i>novel</i>. It consumes devices that happen to have originated with the novel and mixes them with every other device known to prose. And all the while, quite beyond matters of technique, it enjoys an advantage so obvious, so built-in, one almost forgets what power it has: the simple fact that the reader knows <i>all this actually happened</i>. The disclaimers have been erased. The screen is gone. The writer is one step closer to the absolute involvement of the reader that <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a> dreamed of but never achieved.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The essential difference between the new nonfiction and conventional reporting is, he said, that the basic unit of reporting was no longer the datum or piece of information but the scene. Scene is what underlies "the sophisticated strategies of prose".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TrumanCapote1959.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/TrumanCapote1959.jpg/220px-TrumanCapote1959.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/TrumanCapote1959.jpg/330px-TrumanCapote1959.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/TrumanCapote1959.jpg/440px-TrumanCapote1959.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2962" data-file-height="3416" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote" title="Truman Capote">Truman Capote</a>, as photographed by Roger Higgins in 1959</figcaption></figure> <p>The first of the new breed of nonfiction writers to receive wide notoriety was <a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote" title="Truman Capote">Truman Capote</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy7_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy7-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose 1965 best-seller, <i><a href="/wiki/In_Cold_Blood_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="In Cold Blood (book)">In Cold Blood</a></i>, was a detailed narrative of the murder of a <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> farm family. Capote culled material from some 6,000 pages of notes.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy7_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy7-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book brought its author instant celebrity.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Capote announced that he had created a new art form which he labelled the "nonfiction novel".<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy7_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy7-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>I've always had the theory that reportage is the great unexplored art form... I've had this theory that a factual piece of work could explore whole new dimensions in writing that would have a double effect fiction does not have—the very fact of its being true, every word of it's true, would add a double contribution of strength and impact<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Capote continued to stress that he was a literary artist, not a journalist, but critics hailed the book as a classic example of New Journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy7_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy7-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wolfe's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kandy-Kolored_Tangerine-Flake_Streamline_Baby" title="The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby">The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby</a></i>, whose introduction and title story, according to James E. Murphy, "emerged as a manifesto of sorts for the nonfiction genre,"<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy7_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy7-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was published the same year. In his introduction,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wolfe wrote that he encountered trouble fashioning an <i>Esquire</i> article out of material on a custom car extravaganza in Los Angeles, in 1963. Finding he could not do justice to the subject in magazine article format, he wrote a letter to his editor, Byron Dobell, which grew into a 49-page report<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_b"><a href="#endnote_b">b</a></sup> detailing the custom car world, complete with scene construction, dialogue and flamboyant description. <i>Esquire</i> ran the letter, striking out "Dear Byron." and it became Wolfe's maiden effort as a New Journalist.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy7_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy7-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an article entitled "The Personal Voice and the Impersonal Eye", <a href="/wiki/Dan_Wakefield" title="Dan Wakefield">Dan Wakefield</a> acclaimed the nonfiction of Capote and Wolfe as elevating reporting to the level of literature, terming that work and some of <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a>'s nonfiction a journalistic breakthrough: reporting "charged with the energy of art".<sup id="cite_ref-wakefield_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakefield-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A review by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Newfield" title="Jack Newfield">Jack Newfield</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schaap" title="Dick Schaap">Dick Schaap</a>'s <i>Turned On</i> saw the book as a good example of budding tradition in American journalism which rejected many of the constraints of conventional reporting: </p> <blockquote><p>This new genre defines itself by claiming many of the techniques that were once the unchallenged terrain of the novelist: tension, symbol, cadence, irony, prosody, imagination.<sup id="cite_ref-Jack1967_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jack1967-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A 1968 review of Wolfe's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pump_House_Gang" title="The Pump House Gang">The Pump House Gang</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Kool-Aid_Acid_Test" title="The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test">The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test</a></i> said Wolfe and Mailer were applying "the imaginative resources of fiction"<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the world around them and termed such creative journalism "hystory" to connote their involvement in what they reported. Talese in 1970, in his Author's Note to <i><a href="/wiki/Fame_and_Obscurity" title="Fame and Obscurity">Fame and Obscurity</a></i>, a collection of his pieces from the 1960s, wrote: </p> <blockquote><p>The new journalism, though often reading like fiction, is not fiction. It is, or should be, as reliable as the most reliable reportage although it seeks a larger truth than is possible through the mere compilation of verifiable facts, the use of direct quotations, and adherence to the rigid organizational style of the older form.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Krim" title="Seymour Krim">Seymour Krim</a>'s <i>Shake It for the World, Smartass</i>, which appeared in 1970, contained "An Open Letter to Norman Mailer"<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which defined New Journalism as "a free nonfictional prose that uses every resource of the best fiction."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In "The Newspaper As Literature/Literature As Leadership",<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he called journalism "the <i>de facto</i> literature" of the majority,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a synthesis of journalism and literature that the book's postscript called "journalit".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972, in "An Enemy of the Novel", Krim identified his own fictional roots and declared that the needs of the time compelled him to move beyond fiction to a more "direct" communication to which he promised to bring all of fiction's resources.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>David McHam, in an article titled "The Authentic New Journalists", distinguished the nonfiction reportage of Capote, Wolfe and others from other, more generic interpretations of New Journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1971, William L. Rivers disparaged the former and embraced the latter, concluding, "In some hands, they add a flavor and a humanity to journalistic writing that push it into the realm of art."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles Brown in 1972 reviewed much that had been written as New Journalism and about New Journalism by Capote, Wolfe, Mailer and others and labelled the genre "New Art Journalism", which allowed him to test it both as art and as journalism. He concluded that the new literary form was useful only in the hands of literary artists of great talent.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first of two pieces by Wolfe in <i>New York</i> detailing the growth of the new nonfiction and its techniques, Wolfe returned to the fortuitous circumstances surrounding the construction of <i>Kandy-Kolored</i> and added: </p> <blockquote><p>Its virtue was precisely in showing me the possibility of there being something "new" in journalism. What interested me was not simply the discovery that it was possible to write accurate nonfiction with techniques usually associated with novels and short stories. It was that—plus. It was the discovery that it was possible in nonfiction, in journalism, to use any literary device, from the traditional dialogisms of the essay to stream-of-consciousness...</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the eighties, the use of New Journalism saw a decline, several of the old trailblazers still used fiction techniques in their nonfiction books.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, younger writers in <i>Esquire</i> and <i>Rolling Stone</i>, where the style had flourished in the two earlier decades, shifted away from the New Journalism. Fiction techniques had not been abandoned by these writers, but they were used sparingly and less flamboyantly. </p><p>"Whatever happened to the New Journalism?" wondered <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Powers" title="Thomas Powers">Thomas Powers</a> in a 1975 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Commonweal_(magazine)" title="Commonweal (magazine)">Commonweal</a></i>. In 1981, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Nocera" title="Joe Nocera">Joe Nocera</a> published a postmortem in <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a></i> blaming its demise on the journalistic liberties taken by Hunter S. Thompson. Regardless of the culprit, less than a decade after Wolfe's 1973 New Journalism anthology, the consensus was that New Journalism was dead.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a literary genre, New Journalism has certain technical characteristics. It is an artistic, creative, literary reporting form with three basic traits: dramatic literary techniques; intensive reporting; and reporting of generally acknowledged subjectivity.<sup id="cite_ref-M16_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M16-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_subjective_journalism">As subjective journalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: As subjective journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pervading many of the specific interpretations of New Journalism is a posture of subjectivity. Subjectivism is thus a common element among many (though not all) of its definitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to a conventional journalistic striving for an objectivity, subjective journalism allows for the writer's opinion, ideas or involvement to creep into the story. </p><p>Much of the critical literature concerns itself with a strain of subjectivism which may be called activism in news reporting.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy3_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, Gerald Grant wrote disparagingly in <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a></i> of a "New Journalism of passion and advocacy"<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Review_(US_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Review (US magazine)">Saturday Review</a></i> Hohenberg discussed "The Journalist As Missionary"<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Masterson in 1971, "The New Journalism" provided a forum for discussion of journalistic and social activism. In another 1971 article under the same title, Ridgeway called the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture</a> magazines such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ramparts_(magazine)" title="Ramparts (magazine)">Ramparts</a></i> and the American underground press New Journalism. </p><p>Another version of subjectivism in reporting is what is sometimes called participatory reporting. Robert Stein, in <i>Media Power</i>, defines New Journalism as "A form of participatory reporting that evolved in parallel with <a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">participatory politics</a>..."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_form_and_technique">As form and technique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: As form and technique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The above interpretations of New Journalism view it as an attitude toward the practice of journalism. But a significant portion of the critical literature deals with form and technique.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy4_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critical comment dealing with New Journalism as a literary-journalistic genre (a distinct type of category of literary work grouped according to similar and technical characteristics<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) treats it as the <i><a href="/wiki/Nonfiction_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonfiction novel">new nonfiction</a></i>. Its traits are extracted from the criticism written by those who claim to practice it and by others.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy4_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Admittedly it is hard to isolate from a number of the more generic meanings. </p><p>The new nonfiction were sometimes taken for advocacy of subjective journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy4_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1972 article by Dennis Chase<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> defines New Journalism as a subjective journalism emphasizing "truth" over "facts" but uses major nonfiction stylists as its example. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_intensive_reportage">As intensive reportage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: As intensive reportage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although much of the critical literature discussed the use of literary or fictional techniques as the basis for a New Journalism, critics also referred to the form as stemming from intensive reporting.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stein, for instance, found the key to New Journalism not its fictionlike form but the "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saturation" class="extiw" title="wikt:saturation">saturation</a> reporting" which precedes it, the result of the writer's immersion in his subject. Consequently, Stein concluded, the writer is as much part of his story as is the subject<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he thus linked saturation reporting with subjectivity. For him, New Journalism is inconsistent with objectivity or accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, others have argued that total immersion enhances accuracy. As Wolfe put the case: </p> <blockquote><p>I am the first to agree that the New Journalism should be as accurate as traditional journalism. In fact my claims for the New Journalism, and my demands upon it, go far beyond that. I contend that it has already proven itself <i>more</i> accurate than traditional journalism—which unfortunately is saying but so much...<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Wolfe coined "saturation reporting" in his <i><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_News_Editors" title="American Society of News Editors">Bulletin of the American Society of Newspaper Editors</a></i> article. After citing the opening paragraphs of Talese's <a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a> piece, he confessed believing that Talese had "piped" or faked the story, only later to be convinced, after learning that Talese so deeply delved into the subject, that he could report entire scenes and dialogues. </p> <blockquote><p>The basic units of reporting are no longer who-what-when-where-how and why but whole scenes and stretches of dialogue. The New Journalism involves a depth of reporting and an attention to the most minute facts and details that most newspapermen, even the most experienced, have never dreamed of.<sup id="cite_ref-ASNEbulletin_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASNEbulletin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In his "Birth of the New Journalism" in <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>, Wolfe returned to the subject, which he here described as a depth of information never before demanded in newspaper work. The New Journalist, he said, must stay with his subject for days and weeks at a stretch.<sup id="cite_ref-birth_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birth-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Wolfe's <i>Esquire</i> piece, saturation became the "Locker Room Genre" of intensive digging into the lives and personalities of one's subject, in contrast to the aloof and genteel tradition of the essayists and "The Literary Gentlemen in the Grandstand".<sup id="cite_ref-great_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-great-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For Talese, intensive reportage took the form of interior monologue to discover from his subjects what they were thinking, not, he said in a panel discussion reported in <i><a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_Digest" title="Writer's Digest">Writer's Digest</a></i>, merely reporting what people did and said.<sup id="cite_ref-digest_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digest-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wolfe identified the four main devices New Journalists borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">literary fiction</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Telling the story using scenes rather than historical narrative as much as possible</li> <li>Dialogue in full (conversational speech rather than quotations and statements)</li> <li>Point-of-view (present every scene through the eyes of a particular character)</li> <li>Recording everyday details such as behavior, possessions, friends and family (which indicate the "status life" of the character)</li></ul> <p>Despite these elements, New Journalism is not fiction. It maintains elements of reporting including strict adherence to factual accuracy and the writer being the primary source. To get "inside the head" of a character, the journalist asks the subject what they were thinking or how they felt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writers_and_editors">Writers and editors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Writers and editors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is little consensus on which writers can be definitively categorized as New Journalists. In <i>The New Journalism: A Critical Perspective</i>, Murphy writes that New Journalism "involves a more or less well defined group of writers," who are "stylistically unique" but share "common formal elements".<sup id="cite_ref-M16_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M16-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the most prominent New Journalists, Murphy lists: Jimmy Breslin, Truman Capote, Joan Didion, <a href="/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a>, Pete Hamill, <a href="/wiki/Larry_L._King" title="Larry L. King">Larry L. King</a>, Norman Mailer, <a href="/wiki/Joe_McGinniss" title="Joe McGinniss">Joe McGinniss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rex_Reed" title="Rex Reed">Rex Reed</a>, Mike Royko, <a href="/wiki/John_Sack" title="John Sack">John Sack</a>, Dick Schaap, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Southern" title="Terry Southern">Terry Southern</a>, Gail Sheehy, Gay Talese, Hunter S. Thompson, Dan Wakefield and Tom Wolfe.<sup id="cite_ref-M16_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M16-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Journalism" title="The New Journalism">The New Journalism</a></i>, the editors E.W Johnson and Tom Wolfe, include <a href="/wiki/George_Plimpton" title="George Plimpton">George Plimpton</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Paper_Lion" title="Paper Lion">Paper Lion</a></i>, <i>Life</i> writer James Mills and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Robert Christgau</a>, et cetera, in the corps. Christgau, however, stated in a 2001 interview that he does not see himself as a New Journalist.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The editors Clay Felker, Normand Poirier and Harold Hayes also contributed to the rise of New Journalism.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While many praised the New Journalist's style of writing, Wolfe et al., also received severe criticism from contemporary journalists and writers. Essentially two different charges were leveled against New Journalism: criticism against it as a <i>distinct genre</i> and criticism against it as a <i>new</i> form.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robert Stein believed that "In the New Journalism the eye of the beholder is all—or almost all,"<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1971 Philip M. Howard, wrote that the new nonfiction writers rejected objectivity in favor of a more personal, subjective reportage.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This parallels much of what Wakefield said in his 1966 <i>Atlantic</i> article. </p> <blockquote><p>The important and interesting and hopeful trend to me in the new journalism is its personal nature—not in the sense of personal attacks, but in the presence of the reporter himself and the significance of his own involvement. This is sometimes felt to be egotistical, and the frank identification of the author, especially as the "I" instead of merely the impersonal "eye" is often frowned upon and taken as proof of "subjectivity", which is the opposite of the usual journalistic pretense.<sup id="cite_ref-wakefield_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakefield-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>And in spite of the fact that Capote believed in the objective accuracy of <i>In Cold Blood</i> and strove to keep himself totally out of the narrative, one reviewer found in the book the "tendency among writers to resort to subjective sociology, on the other hand, or to super-creative reportage, on the other."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles Self<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> termed this characteristic of New Journalism as "admitted" subjectivity, whether first-person or third-person, and acknowledged the subjectivity inherent in his account. </p><p>Lester Markel polemically criticized New Journalism in the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_News_Editors" title="American Society of News Editors">Bulletin of the American Society of Newspaper Editors</a></i>, he rejected the claim to greater in-depth reporting and labelled the writers "factual fictionists" and "deep-see reporters".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He feared they were performing as sociologists and psychoanalysts rather than as journalists. The lack of source footnotes and bibliographies in most works of New Journalism is often cited by critics as showing a lack of intellectual rigor, verifiability, and even author laziness and sloppiness. </p><p>More reasoned, though still essentially negative, Arlen in his 1972 "Notes on the New Journalism", put the New Journalism into a larger socio-historical perspective by tracing the techniques from earlier writers and from the constraints and opportunities of the current age. But much of the more routine New Journalism "consists in exercises by writer ... in gripping and controlling and confronting a subject within the journalist's own temperament. Presumably," he wrote, "this is the 'novelistic technique.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-Arlen_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arlen-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he conceded that the best of this work had "considerably expanded the possibilities of journalism".<sup id="cite_ref-Arlen_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arlen-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much negative criticism of New Journalism were directed at individual writers.<sup id="cite_ref-M14_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M14-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Cynthia Ozick asserted in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i>, that Capote in <i>In Cold Blood</i> was doing little more than trying to devise a form: "One more esthetic manipulation."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sheed offered, in "A Fun-House Mirror", a witty refutation of Wolfe's claim that he takes on the expression and the guise of whomever he is writing about. "The Truman Capotes may hold up a tolerably clear glass to nature," he wrote, "but Wolfe holds up a fun-house mirror, and I for one don't give a hoot whether he calls the reflection fact or fiction."<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Parajournalism"_and_the_New_Yorker_affair"><span id=".22Parajournalism.22_and_the_New_Yorker_affair"></span>"Parajournalism" and the <i>New Yorker</i> affair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: "Parajournalism" and the New Yorker affair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the hostile critics of the New Journalism were <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Macdonald" title="Dwight Macdonald">Dwight Macdonald</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose most vocal criticism comprised a chapter in what became known as "the <i>New Yorker</i> affair" of 1965. Wolfe had written a two-part semi-fictional parody in <i>New York</i><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> and its editor, <a href="/wiki/William_Shawn" title="William Shawn">William Shawn</a>. Reaction, notably from <i>New Yorker</i> writers, was loud and prolonged,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_c"><a href="#endnote_c">c</a></sup> but the most significant reaction came from Macdonald, who counterattacked in two articles in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-para1_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-para1-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-para2_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-para2-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first, Macdonald termed Wolfe's approach "parajournalism" and applied it to all similar styles. "Parajournalism", Macdonald wrote, </p> <blockquote><p>... seems to be journalism—"the collection and dissemination of current news"—but the appearance is deceptive. It is a bastard form, having it both ways, exploiting the factual authority of journalism and the atmospheric license of fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-para1_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-para1-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The <i>New Yorker</i> parody, he added, "... revealed the ugly side of Parajournalism when it tries to be serious."<sup id="cite_ref-para1_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-para1-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his second article, MacDonald addressed himself to the accuracy of Wolfe's report. He charged that Wolfe "takes a middle course, shifting gears between fact and fantasy, spoof and reportage, until nobody knows which end is, at the moment, up".<sup id="cite_ref-para2_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-para2-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>New Yorker</i> writers <a href="/wiki/Renata_Adler" title="Renata Adler">Renata Adler</a> and Gerald Jonas joined the fray in the Winter 1966 issue of <i>Columbia Journalism Review</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wolfe himself returned to the affair a full seven years later, devoting the second of his two February <i>New York</i> articles<sup id="cite_ref-NY_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1972) to his detractors but not to dispute their attack on his factual accuracy. He argued that most of the contentions arose because for traditional <i>literati</i> nonfiction should not succeed—which his nonfiction obviously had.<sup id="cite_ref-NY_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gail_Sheehy_and_"Redpants""><span id="Gail_Sheehy_and_.22Redpants.22"></span>Gail Sheehy and "Redpants"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gail Sheehy and "Redpants""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>The New Journalism: A Critical Perspective</i>, Murphy writes, "Partly because Wolfe took liberties with the facts in his <i>New Yorker</i> parody, New Journalism began to get a reputation for juggling the facts in the search for truth, fictionalizing some details to get a larger 'reality.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-M13_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M13-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Widely criticized was the technique of the composite character,<sup id="cite_ref-M13_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M13-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the most notorious example of which was "Redpants", a presumed prostitute whom <a href="/wiki/Gail_Sheehy" title="Gail Sheehy">Gail Sheehy</a> wrote about in <i>New York</i> in a series on that city's sexual subculture. When it later became known that the character was distilled from a number of prostitutes, there was an outcry against Sheehy's method and, by extension, to the credibility of all of New Journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-M13_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M13-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>, one critic wrote: </p> <blockquote><p>It's all part of the New Journalism, or the Now Journalism, and it's practiced widely these days. Some editors and reporters vigorously defend it. Others just as vigorously attack it. No one has polled the reader, but whether he approves or disapproves, it's getting harder and harder for him to know what he can believe.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> reported that critics felt Sheehy's energies were better suited to fiction than fact.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Tebbel" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tebbel">John Tebbel</a>, in an article in <i>Saturday Review</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although treating New Journalism in its more generic sense as new a trend, chided it for the fictional technique of narrative leads which the new nonfiction writers had introduced into journalism and deplored its use in newspapers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism_against_New_Journalism_as_a_distinct_genre">Criticism against New Journalism as a distinct genre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Criticism against New Journalism as a distinct genre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Newfield, in 1972, changed his attitude following his earlier, 1967,<sup id="cite_ref-Jack1967_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jack1967-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> review of Wolfe. "New Journalism does not exist", the later article titled "Is there a 'new journalism'?"<sup id="cite_ref-Jack1972_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jack1972-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> says. "It is a false category. There is only good writing and bad writing, smart ideas and dumb ideas, hard work and laziness."<sup id="cite_ref-Jack1972_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jack1972-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the practice of journalism had improved during the past fifteen years, he argued, it was because of an influx of good writers notable for unique styles, not because they belonged to any school or movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Jack1972_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jack1972-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Breslin" title="Jimmy Breslin">Jimmy Breslin</a>, who is often labelled a New Journalist, took the same view: "Believe me, there is no new journalism. It is a gimmick to say there is ... Story telling is older than the alphabet and that is what it is all about."<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creative_nonfiction" title="Creative nonfiction">Creative nonfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_journalism" title="Embedded journalism">Embedded journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_journalism" title="Gonzo journalism">Gonzo journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_journalism" title="Immersion journalism">Immersion journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Games_Journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="New Games Journalism">New Games Journalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Journalism" title="The New Journalism">The New Journalism</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonfiction_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonfiction novel">Nonfiction novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportage" class="mw-redirect" title="Reportage">Reportage</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_notes">References and notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References and notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKorda1999" class="citation book cs1">Korda, Michael (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anotherlifememoi00kord/page/329"><i>Another Life: A Memoir of Other People</i></a>. Random House. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anotherlifememoi00kord/page/329">329–340</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-45659-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-45659-9"><bdi>978-0-679-45659-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Another+Life%3A+A+Memoir+of+Other+People&rft.pages=329-340&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-679-45659-9&rft.aulast=Korda&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanotherlifememoi00kord%2Fpage%2F329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Park 1967 [1925], p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheelerFunkWoods1911" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Edward Jewitt; Funk, Isaac Kaufman; Woods, William Seaver (November 11, 1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mgo8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA840"><i>Joseph Pulitzer, Maker of a New Journalism</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Pulitzer%2C+Maker+of+a+New+Journalism&rft.date=1911-11-11&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Edward+Jewitt&rft.au=Funk%2C+Isaac+Kaufman&rft.au=Woods%2C+William+Seaver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmgo8AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ault & Emery 1959, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hohenberg 1960, p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1974, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacDougal 1971, p. v.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis ed. <i>The Magic Writing Machine</i>. (1971) see also <i>The New Journalism in America</i>. Dennis & Rivers eds (1974).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson 1971</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHampton2004" class="citation book cs1">Hampton, Mark (2004). <i>Visions of the Press in Britain, 1850–1950</i>. University of Illinois Press. pp. 35–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0252029462" title="Special:BookSources/978-0252029462"><bdi>978-0252029462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visions+of+the+Press+in+Britain%2C+1850%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=35-37&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0252029462&rft.aulast=Hampton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morison-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morison_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morison_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorison1932" class="citation book cs1">Morison, Stanley (1932). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishnewspaper0000mori"><i>The English Newspaper: Some Account of the Physical Development of Journals Printed in London Between 1622 & the Present Day</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishnewspaper0000mori/page/284">284</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521122696" title="Special:BookSources/9780521122696"><bdi>9780521122696</bdi></a>. <q>It was the first sign of the coming of the 'New Journalism', and Stead was its prophet. When Arnold wrote his article in <i>The Nineteenth Century</i> for May 1887 he had W. T. Stead in mind.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Newspaper%3A+Some+Account+of+the+Physical+Development+of+Journals+Printed+in+London+Between+1622+%26+the+Present+Day&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1932&rft.isbn=9780521122696&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishnewspaper0000mori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://attackingthedevil.co.uk/related/easter.php">"Mathew Arnold, "Up to Easter" (The Nineteenth Century, May, 1887) | W. T. Stead Resource Site"</a>. <i>attackingthedevil.co.uk</i>. <q>We have had opportunities of observing a new journalism which a clever and energetic man has lately invented. It has much to recommend it; it is full of ability, novelty, variety, sensation, sympathy, generous instincts; its one great fault is that it is feather-brained</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=attackingthedevil.co.uk&rft.atitle=Mathew+Arnold%2C+%22Up+to+Easter%22+%28The+Nineteenth+Century%2C+May%2C+1887%29+%26%23124%3B+W.+T.+Stead+Resource+Site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fattackingthedevil.co.uk%2Frelated%2Feaster.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConboy2011" class="citation book cs1">Conboy, Martin (Jan 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ra78R5tZ2IkC&pg=PA14"><i>Journalism in Britain: A Historical Introduction</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1847874955" title="Special:BookSources/978-1847874955"><bdi>978-1847874955</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journalism+in+Britain%3A+A+Historical+Introduction&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2011-01-19&rft.isbn=978-1847874955&rft.aulast=Conboy&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRa78R5tZ2IkC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a href="/wiki/Harold_Begbie" title="Harold Begbie">Harold Begbie</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salvationarmysouth.org/booth/v2-4.htm">"The Life of General William Booth"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314221042/http://www.salvationarmysouth.org/booth/v2-4.htm">Archived</a> 2012-03-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, (2 vols., New York, 1920). Available [online]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaylen1972" class="citation journal cs1">Baylen, J.O. (December 1972). "The 'New Journalism' in Late Victorian Britain". <i>Australian Journal of Politics & History</i>. <b>18</b> (3): 367–385. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8497.1972.tb00602.x">10.1111/j.1467-8497.1972.tb00602.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Politics+%26+History&rft.atitle=The+%27New+Journalism%27+in+Late+Victorian+Britain&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=367-385&rft.date=1972-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8497.1972.tb00602.x&rft.aulast=Baylen&rft.aufirst=J.O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphy4-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy4_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy4_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy4_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy4_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy4_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1974, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birth-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birth_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-birth_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/news/media/47353/">The Birth of 'The New Journalism'; Eyewitness Report by Tom Wolfe</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>, February 14, 1972. p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-great-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-great_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-great_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Why They Aren't Writing the Great American Novel Anymore", <i>Esquire</i>, December 1972, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In a private letter to James E. Murphy, dated February 6, 1973 (see Murphy 1974, p. 5.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMailer1960" class="citation magazine cs1">Mailer, Norman (November 1960). "Superman Comes to the Supermart". <i>Esquire</i>. pp. 119–127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=Superman+Comes+to+the+Supermart&rft.pages=119-127&rft.date=1960-11&rft.aulast=Mailer&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASNEbulletin-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASNEbulletin_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASNEbulletin_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfe. "The New Journalism" <i>Bulletin of the American Society of Newspaper Editors</i>. September, 1970.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayes ed., 1970, p. xxi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1974, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArendt1963" class="citation magazine cs1">Arendt, Hannah (1963-02-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1963/02/16/eichmann-in-jerusalem-i">"Eichmann in Jerusalem"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Eichmann+in+Jerusalem&rft.date=1963-02-08&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Arendt&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1963%2F02%2F16%2Feichmann-in-jerusalem-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHersey1946" class="citation magazine cs1">Hersey, John (1946-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1946/08/31/hiroshima">"Hiroshima"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Hiroshima&rft.date=1946-08-23&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Hersey&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1946%2F08%2F31%2Fhiroshima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarson1962" class="citation magazine cs1">Carson, Rachel (1962-06-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1962/06/16/silent-spring-part-1">"Silent Spring"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Silent+Spring&rft.date=1962-06-09&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1962%2F06%2F16%2Fsilent-spring-part-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOverbey2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Overbey, Erin (2012-11-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/double-take/making-history">"Making History"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Making+History&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Overbey&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fbooks%2Fdouble-take%2Fmaking-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-digest-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-digest_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-digest_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayes, Gay Talese and Wolfe, with Leonard W. Robinson, "The New Journalism." <i><a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_Digest" title="Writer's Digest">Writer's Digest</a></i>. January, 1970, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Esquire</i>, pp. 152–159, 272–280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Esquire</i>, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Esquire</i>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Esquire</i>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphy7-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy7_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy7_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy7_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy7_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy7_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy7_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1974, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example. J. Howard, "Six Year Literary Virgil", <i>Life</i>, January 7, 1966: <a href="/wiki/George_Plimpton" title="George Plimpton">George Plimpton</a>, "Story behind a Nonfiction Novel", <i>The New York Times Book Review</i>, January 16, 1966: G. Hicks, "Story of an American Tragedy", <i>Saturday Review</i>, January 22, 1966: Neil Compton, "Hyjinks' Journalism", <i>Commentary</i>, February, 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Capote, as quoted by Roy Newquist, <i>Counterpoint</i>, (<a href="/wiki/Rand_McNally" title="Rand McNally">Rand McNally</a>, 1964), p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfe 1965, pp. ix–xii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wakefield-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wakefield_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wakefield_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dan Wakefield, "The Personal Voice and the Impersonal Eye", <i>The Atlantic</i>, June, 1966, pp. 86–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jack1967-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jack1967_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jack1967_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Newfield, "Hooked and Dead", <i>The New York Times Book Review</i>, May 7, 1967, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Scholes, "Double Perspective on Hysteria", <i>Saturday Review</i>, August 24. 1968. p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talese 1970, p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First published in <i>Evergreen Review</i>, February 1, 1967.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krim 1970, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First published in <i>Evergreen Review</i>, August 1, 1967.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krim 1970, p. 359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krim 1970, p. 365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krim, Seymour. "An Enemy of the Novel." <i><a href="/wiki/The_Iowa_Review" title="The Iowa Review">The Iowa Review</a></i>, Winter 1972, pp. 60–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David McHam, "The Authentic New Journalists", <i>Quill</i>, September, 1971, pp. 9–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William L. Rivers , "The New Confusion", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a></i>, December, 1971, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Brown, "New Art Journalism Revisited", <i>Quill</i>, March, 1972, pp. 18–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, Wolfe (<i>The Right Stuff</i>, 1979), Talese (<i>Thy Neighbor's Wife</i>, 1980), and Thompson (<i>The Curse of Lono</i>, 1983)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Boynton2005" class="citation news cs1">Robert Boynton (January 23, 2005). "Whatever happened to New Journalism?". <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Whatever+happened+to+New+Journalism%3F&rft.date=2005-01-23&rft.au=Robert+Boynton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M16-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M16_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M16_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M16_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1974, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphy3-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy3_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy3_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1974, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1970, pp. 12–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Review_(US_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Review (US magazine)">Saturday Review</a></i>. February 11, 1970, pp. 76–77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stein 1972, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The definition is based on that of William F. Thrall, <i>et al., A Handbook to Literature</i> (1960), p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis Chase. "From Lippmann to Irving to New Journalism", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Quill_(Bowdoin)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Quill (Bowdoin)">Quill</a></i> August, 1972. pp. 19–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Charles Self, "The New Journalism?" <i>Quill and Scroll</i>, December–January, 1973, pp. 10–11: "The new journalism requires days, weeks or even months of research for each story. The new journalist writes from a detailed knowledge of his subject." (p. 11)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith 1972, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1972, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe1972" class="citation news cs1">Wolfe, Tom (February 21, 1972). "The New Journalism: A la Recherche des Whichy Thickets". <i>New York Magazine</i>. p. 46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+New+Journalism%3A+A+la+Recherche+des+Whichy+Thickets&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1972-02-21&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeuttler,_Bill" class="citation web cs1">Beuttler, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billbeuttler.com/work50.htm">"Whatever Happened to the New Journalism?"</a>. BillBeuttler.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whatever+Happened+to+the+New+Journalism%3F&rft.pub=BillBeuttler.com&rft.au=Beuttler%2C+Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbillbeuttler.com%2Fwork50.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartwright2001" class="citation news cs1">Cartwright, Garth (May 12, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/may/12/music">"Master of the Rock Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <q>Being a reporter was another path I could have gone down, but the kind of journalism New Journalism requires is not only powers of observation but the ability to hang around people for hours and hours ... the qualities of being a real asshole ... and it's just not me.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Master+of+the+Rock+Review&rft.date=2001-05-12&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Garth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2001%2Fmay%2F12%2Fmusic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1974, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example, Jack Newfield, <i>Columbia Journalism Review</i>, July–August, 1972, p. 45., "What is called the New Journalism is really a dozen different styles of writing."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stein 1972, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip M. Howard. Jr., "The New Journalism: A Nonfiction Concept of Writing", unpublished master's thesis, University of Utah, August, 1971, 5 ff. (see Murphy 1974, p. 11.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. W. Dupre, "Truman Capote's Score", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>, February 3, 1966, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Self, "The New Journalism?" <i>Quill and Scroll</i>, December–January, 1973, pp. 10–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lester Markel, "So What's New?" <i><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_News_Editors" title="American Society of News Editors">Bulletin of the American Society of Newspaper Editors</a></i>, January, 1972, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arlen-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arlen_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arlen_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael J. Arlen, "Notes on the New Journalism", <i>The Atlantic</i>, May 1972, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M14-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M14_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1974, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cynthia Ozick, "Reconsideration: Truman Capote", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i>, January 27, 1973, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilfrid Sheed, "A Fun-House Mirror", <i>The New York Times Book Review</i>, December 3, 1972, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1974, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfe, "Tiny Mummies! The True Story of the Ruler of 43rd Street's Land of the Walking Dead", <i>New York</i>, April 11, 1965, pp. 7–9: 24–29: and "Lost in the Whichy Thicket", <i>New York</i>, April 18, 1965, 16 ff. At the time, <i>New York</i> was still the Sunday magazine for the now deceased <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">New York Herald Tribune</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/News/04/16/bellows.abc/">"The New Yorker Affair: From Other Angles"</a>. CNN.com. April 16, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+New+Yorker+Affair%3A+From+Other+Angles&rft.date=2002-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2F2002%2FSHOWBIZ%2FNews%2F04%2F16%2Fbellows.abc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-para1-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-para1_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-para1_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-para1_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dwight Macdonald. "Parajournalism, or Tom Wolfe and His Magic Writing Machine", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>, August 26, 1965, pp. 3–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-para2-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-para2_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-para2_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Parajournalism II: Wolfe and <i>The New Yorker</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>, <i>The New York Review of Books</i>, February 3, 1966, pp. 18–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_C._Lewin" title="Leonard C. Lewin">Leonard C. Lewin</a>, with Renata Adler and Gerald Jonas, "Is Fact Necessary?", <i>Columbia Journalism Review</i>, Winter, 1966, pp. 29–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NY_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NY_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New York</i>, February 21, 1972, pp. 39–48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M13-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M13_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M13_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M13_83-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 1974, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Steward Pinkerton. Jr., "The 'New Journalism' is Something Less Than Meets the Eye." <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>, August 13, 1971, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>, December 4, 1972, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Tebbel, "The Old New Journalism", <i>Saturday Review</i>, March 13, 1971, pp. 96–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jack1972-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jack1972_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jack1972_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jack1972_87-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Newfield, <i>Columbia Journalism Review</i>, July–August, 1972, pp. 45–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In a personal letter to Philip Howard, quoted on Howard's p. 9.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^a</a></b></span> The article Wolfe referred to was actually titled "Joe Louis—the King as a Middle-Aged Man", <i>Esquire</i>, June, 1962.<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_b"><b><a href="#ref_b">^b</a></b></span> Wolfe's letter had the original title <i>There Goes (Varoom! Varoom!) That Kandy-Kolored (Thphhhhhh!) Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby (Rahghhh!) Around the Bend (Brummmmmmmmmmmmmmm)...</i>. The title was later contracted to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kandy-Kolored_Tangerine-Flake_Streamline_Baby" title="The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby">The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby</a></i>, which became the title of the book, published in 1965.<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_c"><b><a href="#ref_c">^c</a></b></span> For example, <a href="/wiki/J.D._Salinger" class="mw-redirect" title="J.D. Salinger">J.D. Salinger</a> wrote to <a href="/wiki/John_Hay_Whitney" title="John Hay Whitney">Jock Whitney</a> "With the printing of the inaccurate and sub-collegiate and gleeful and unrelievedly poisonous article on William Shawn, the name of the Herald Tribune, and certainly your own will very likely never again stand for anything either respect-worthy or honorable." <a href="/wiki/E._B._White" title="E. B. White">E. B. White</a>'s letter to Whitney, dated "April 1965," contains the following passage: "Tom Wolfe's piece on William Shawn violated every rule of conduct I know anything about. It is sly, cruel, and to a large extent undocumented, and it has, I think, shocked everyone who knows what sort of person Shawn really is[...]," and Shawn's hand-delivered letter to Whitney, sent Thursday before publication on April 11, 1965, read "To be technical for a moment, I think that Tom Wolfe's article on The New Yorker is false and libelous. But I'd rather not be technical ... I cannot believe that, as a man of known integrity and responsibility, you will allow it to reach your readers ... The question is whether you will stop the distribution of that issue of New York. I urge you to do so, for the sake of The New Yorker and for the sake of the Herald Tribune. In fact, I am convinced that the publication of that article will hurt you more than it will hurt me ...". Bellows 2002, pp. 3–4.<br /> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: General bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAultEmery1959" class="citation book cs1">Ault, Philip H.; Emery, Edwin (1959). <i>Reporting the News</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dodd,_Mead_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodd, Mead and Company">Dodd, Mead and Company</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reporting+the+News&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+and+Company&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Ault&rft.aufirst=Philip+H.&rft.au=Emery%2C+Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellows2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bellows" title="Jim Bellows">Bellows, James G.</a> (2002). <i>The Last Editor: How I Saved the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Los Angeles Times from Dullness and Complacency</i>. <a href="/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing" title="Andrews McMeel Publishing">Andrews McMeel Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7407-1901-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7407-1901-1"><bdi>978-0-7407-1901-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Editor%3A+How+I+Saved+the+New+York+Times%2C+the+Washington+Post%2C+and+the+Los+Angeles+Times+from+Dullness+and+Complacency&rft.pub=Andrews+McMeel+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7407-1901-1&rft.aulast=Bellows&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgessPark1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Burgess" title="Ernest Burgess">Burgess, Ernest W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Park" title="Robert E. Park">Park, Robert E.</a>, eds. (1967) [1925]. "Natural History of the Newspaper". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/city0000park"><i>The City: Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-64611-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-64611-4"><bdi>978-0-226-64611-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Natural+History+of+the+Newspaper&rft.btitle=The+City%3A+Suggestions+for+Investigation+of+Human+Behavior+in+the+Urban+Environment&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-226-64611-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcity0000park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEason1982" class="citation journal cs1">Eason, David (Spring 1982). "New Journalism, Metaphor and Culture". <i>Journal of Popular Culture</i>. <b>15</b> (4): 142–149. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1982.1504_142.x">10.1111/j.0022-3840.1982.1504_142.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Popular+Culture&rft.atitle=New+Journalism%2C+Metaphor+and+Culture&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=142-149&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1982.1504_142.x&rft.aulast=Eason&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis1971" class="citation book cs1">Dennis, Everette E., ed. (1971). <i>The Magic Writing Machine—Student Probes of the New Journalism</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon_Press" title="University of Oregon Press">University of Oregon Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magic+Writing+Machine%E2%80%94Student+Probes+of+the+New+Journalism&rft.pub=University+of+Oregon+Press&rft.date=1971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennisRivers1974" class="citation book cs1">Dennis, Everette E.; Rivers, William L., eds. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/othervoicesnewjo00denn"><i>Other Voices: The New Journalism in America</i></a>. Canfield Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-382562-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-382562-8"><bdi>978-0-06-382562-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Other+Voices%3A+The+New+Journalism+in+America&rft.pub=Canfield+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-06-382562-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fothervoicesnewjo00denn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1970" class="citation journal cs1">Grant, Gerald (Spring 1970). "The "New Journalism" We Need". <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Journalism+Review&rft.atitle=The+%22New+Journalism%22+We+Need&rft.ssn=spring&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHohenberg1970" class="citation news cs1">Hohenberg, John (February 11, 1970). "The Journalist As Missionary". <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Review_(US_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Review (US magazine)">Saturday Review</a></i>. pp. 76–77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saturday+Review&rft.atitle=The+Journalist+As+Missionary&rft.pages=76-77&rft.date=1970-02-11&rft.aulast=Hohenberg&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hayes" title="Harold Hayes">Hayes, Harold</a>, ed. (1970). <i>Smiling Through the Apocalypse—Esquire's History of the Sixties</i>. <a href="/wiki/McCall_Corporation" title="McCall Corporation">McCall</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smiling+Through+the+Apocalypse%E2%80%94Esquire%27s+History+of+the+Sixties&rft.pub=McCall&rft.date=1970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHohenberg1960" class="citation book cs1">Hohenberg, John (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/professionaljo1978hohe"><i>The Professional Journalist: A Guide to the Practices and Principles of the News Media</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Henry Holt and Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-018226-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-018226-6"><bdi>978-0-03-018226-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Professional+Journalist%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Practices+and+Principles+of+the+News+Media&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-03-018226-6&rft.aulast=Hohenberg&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprofessionaljo1978hohe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1971" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Michael (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interpretativere00macd"><i>The New Journalism: The Underground Press, the Artists of Nonfiction, and Changes in the Established Media</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University of Kansas Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-373110-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-373110-5"><bdi>978-0-02-373110-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Journalism%3A+The+Underground+Press%2C+the+Artists+of+Nonfiction%2C+and+Changes+in+the+Established+Media&rft.pub=University+of+Kansas+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-02-373110-5&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finterpretativere00macd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrim1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Krim" title="Seymour Krim">Krim, Seymour</a> (1970). <i>Shake It for the World, Smartass</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dial_Press" title="Dial Press">Dial Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shake+It+for+the+World%2C+Smartass&rft.pub=Dial+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Krim&rft.aufirst=Seymour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDougal1972" class="citation book cs1">MacDougal, Curtis D. (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interpretativere00macd"><i>Interpretative Reporting</i></a></span> (Sixth ed.). <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Publishers (United States)">Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-373110-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-373110-5"><bdi>978-0-02-373110-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interpretative+Reporting&rft.edition=Sixth&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-02-373110-5&rft.aulast=MacDougal&rft.aufirst=Curtis+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finterpretativere00macd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMailer1960" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Mailer, Norman</a> (November 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esquire.com/features/superman-supermarket">"Superman Comes to the Supermarket"</a>. <i>Esquire</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=Superman+Comes+to+the+Supermarket&rft.date=1960-11&rft.aulast=Mailer&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Ffeatures%2Fsuperman-supermarket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcQuade1974" class="citation book cs1">McQuade, Donald, ed. (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/popularwritingin00mcqu"><i>Popular Writing in America: The Interaction of Style and Audience</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Writing+in+America%3A+The+Interaction+of+Style+and+Audience&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpopularwritingin00mcqu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy1974" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, James E. (May 1974). Westley, Bruce H. (ed.). <i>The New Journalism: A Critical Perspective</i>. Journalism Monographs. Vol. 34. The Association for Education in Journalism.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Journalism%3A+A+Critical+Perspective&rft.series=Journalism+Monographs&rft.pub=The+Association+for+Education+in+Journalism&rft.date=1974-05&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussello2005" class="citation news cs1">Russello, Gerald J. (November 21, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/arts/how-new-journalism-became-old-news/23300/">"How New Journalism Became Old News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Sun" title="The New York Sun">The New York Sun</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=How+New+Journalism+Became+Old+News&rft.date=2005-11-21&rft.aulast=Russello&rft.aufirst=Gerald+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Farts%2Fhow-new-journalism-became-old-news%2F23300%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1972" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Robert (1972). <i>Media Power; Who Is Shaping Your Picture of the World?</i>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-14006-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-14006-2"><bdi>978-0-395-14006-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Media+Power%3B+Who+Is+Shaping+Your+Picture+of+the+World%3F&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-395-14006-2&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalese1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gay_Talese" title="Gay Talese">Talese, Gay</a> (1970). <a href="/wiki/Fame_and_Obscurity" title="Fame and Obscurity"><i>Fame and Obscurity</i></a>. World Publishing Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-018226-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-018226-6"><bdi>978-0-03-018226-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fame+and+Obscurity&rft.pub=World+Publishing+Corporation&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-03-018226-6&rft.aulast=Talese&rft.aufirst=Gay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Wolfe, Tom</a> (July 14, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/news/media/48341/">"A City Built of Clay"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=A+City+Built+of+Clay&rft.date=2008-07-14&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2F48341%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe1972" class="citation news cs1">Wolfe, Tom (February 14, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/news/media/47353/">"The Birth of 'The New Journalism'; Eyewitness Report by Tom Wolfe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>. p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=The+Birth+of+%27The+New+Journalism%27%3B+Eyewitness+Report+by+Tom+Wolfe&rft.pages=44&rft.date=1972-02-14&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2F47353%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe1972" class="citation news cs1">Wolfe, Tom (February 21, 1972). "The New Journalism: A la Recherche des Whichy Thickets". <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>. p. 46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=The+New+Journalism%3A+A+la+Recherche+des+Whichy+Thickets&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1972-02-21&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe1972" class="citation news cs1">Wolfe, Tom (December 1972). "Why They Aren't Writing the Great American Novel Anymore". <i>Esquire</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=Why+They+Aren%27t+Writing+the+Great+American+Novel+Anymore&rft.date=1972-12&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlippen1974" class="citation book cs1">Flippen, Charles C. (1974). <i>Liberating the Media: The New Journalism</i>. Acropolis Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87491-362-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87491-362-0"><bdi>978-0-87491-362-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberating+the+Media%3A+The+New+Journalism&rft.pub=Acropolis+Books&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-87491-362-0&rft.aulast=Flippen&rft.aufirst=Charles+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollowell1977" class="citation book cs1">Hollowell, John (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/factfiction00john"><i>Fact & Fiction: The New Journalism and the Nonfiction Novel</i></a>. University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-1281-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-1281-5"><bdi>978-0-8078-1281-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fact+%26+Fiction%3A+The+New+Journalism+and+the+Nonfiction+Novel&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-1281-5&rft.aulast=Hollowell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffactfiction00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonWolfe1973" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, E. W.; Wolfe, Tom (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newjournalism00wolf"><i>The New Journalism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-014707-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-014707-5"><bdi>978-0-06-014707-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Journalism&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-06-014707-5&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E.+W.&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewjournalism00wolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills1974" class="citation book cs1">Mills, Nicolaus (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newjournalismhis0000mill"><i>The New Journalism: A Historical Anthology</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-042350-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-042350-3"><bdi>978-0-07-042350-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Journalism%3A+A+Historical+Anthology&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-07-042350-3&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Nicolaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewjournalismhis0000mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolsgrove1995" class="citation book cs1">Polsgrove, Carol (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/itwasntprettyfol00pols"><i>It Wasn't Pretty, Folks, But Didn't We Have Fun?: Surviving the '60s with Esquire's Harold Hayes</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57143-091-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57143-091-5"><bdi>978-1-57143-091-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It+Wasn%27t+Pretty%2C+Folks%2C+But+Didn%27t+We+Have+Fun%3F%3A+Surviving+the+%2760s+with+Esquire%27s+Harold+Hayes&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-57143-091-5&rft.aulast=Polsgrove&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitwasntprettyfol00pols&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber1974" class="citation book cs1">Weber, Ronald (1974). <i>The Reporter as Artist: A Look at the New Journalism Controversy</i>. Hastings House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8038-6330-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8038-6330-9"><bdi>978-0-8038-6330-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reporter+as+Artist%3A+A+Look+at+the+New+Journalism+Controversy&rft.pub=Hastings+House&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-8038-6330-9&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeingarten2006" class="citation book cs1">Weingarten, Marc (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gangthatcouldntw00wein"><i>The Gang That Wouldn't Write Straight: Wolfe, Thompson, Didion, and the New Journalism Revolution</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Publishers">Crown Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-4914-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-4914-1"><bdi>978-1-4000-4914-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gang+That+Wouldn%27t+Write+Straight%3A+Wolfe%2C+Thompson%2C+Didion%2C+and+the+New+Journalism+Revolution&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-4914-1&rft.aulast=Weingarten&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgangthatcouldntw00wein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2011/02/jack_newfield_t.php#more">"Of honest men & good writers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jack_Newfield" title="Jack Newfield">Jack Newfield</a> making the case against New Journalism as a distinct genre in a <i><a href="/wiki/Village_Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Village Voice">Village Voice</a></i> article published on May 18, 1972</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Journalism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_Journalism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:New Journalism">New Journalism</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esquire.com/features/page-75/greatest-stories">"The 7 Greatest Stories in the History of Esquire Magazine"</a>. <i>Esquire</i>. November 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=The+7+Greatest+Stories+in+the+History+of+Esquire+Magazine&rft.date=2009-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Ffeatures%2Fpage-75%2Fgreatest-stories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/vanessa.otero.9619/posts/10155006385626062">Chart – Real and Fake News (2016)/Vanessa Otero</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708003907/http://www.allgeneralizationsarefalse.com/?p=65">basis</a>) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boingboing.net/2016/12/14/an-attempt-to-chart-new-source.html">Mark Frauenfelder</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journalism.org/2014/10/21/political-polarization-media-habits/pj_14-10-21_mediapolarization-08/">Chart – Real and Fake News (2014)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/pj_14-10-21_mediapolarization-08-2/">2016</a>)/<a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Journalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journalism" title="Template:Journalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journalism" title="Template talk:Journalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/News_presenter" title="News presenter">News presenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundit" title="Pundit">Pundit / commentator</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Profession</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/News" title="News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_style" title="News style">Writing style</a> (<a href="/wiki/Five_Ws" title="Five Ws">Five Ws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">Ethics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Code_of_ethics_in_media" title="Code of ethics in media">code of ethics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_culture" title="Journalism culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalistic_objectivity" title="Journalistic objectivity">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_values" title="News values">News values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(journalism)" title="Source (journalism)">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">Editorial independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_school" title="Journalism school">Journalism school</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_journalism" title="Arts journalism">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_journalism" title="Business journalism">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_journalism" title="Entertainment journalism">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_journalism" title="Environmental journalism">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_journalism" title="Medical journalism">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_journalism" title="Political journalism">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_journalism" title="Science journalism">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_reporting" title="Traffic reporting">Traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_news" title="World news">World</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Journalism_genres" title="Journalism genres">Genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Adversarial_journalism" title="Adversarial journalism">Adversarial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_journalism" title="Advocacy journalism">Advocacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Journalistic_interventionism" title="Journalistic interventionism">Interventionism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_journalism" title="Analytic journalism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churnalism" title="Churnalism">Churnalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_journalism" title="Civic journalism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_journalism" title="Collaborative journalism">Collaborative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_journalism" title="Comics journalism">Comics-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_journalism" title="Community journalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_journalism" title="Database journalism">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_journalism" title="Digital journalism">Digital/Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_journalism" title="Explanatory journalism">Explanatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_journalism" title="Gonzo journalism">Gonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-interest_story" title="Human-interest story">Human-interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_journalism" title="Immersion journalism">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretive_journalism" title="Interpretive journalism">Interpretive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">Investigative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_journalism" title="Multimedia journalism">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_journalism" title="Narrative journalism">Narrative</a></li> <li>New Journalism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit journalism">Non-profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_journalism" title="Opinion journalism">Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">Press release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor_journalism" title="Sensor journalism">Sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_journalism" title="Video journalism">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_journalism" title="Visual journalism">Visual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_journalism" title="Watchdog journalism">Watchdog</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate" title="Fourth Estate">Fourth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate" title="Fifth Estate">Fifth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_race_journalism" title="Horse race journalism">Horse race journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> (<a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-slime_journalism" title="Pink-slime journalism">Pink-slime journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_model" title="Propaganda model">Propaganda model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspapers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">Newspaper of record</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">TV and radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Index_of_journalism_articles" title="Index of journalism 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