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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of bacteria</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(220,235,245)"><i>Cronobacter</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enterobacter_sakazakii.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cronobacter sakazakii growing in a petri dish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Enterobacter_sakazakii.tif/lossless-page1-220px-Enterobacter_sakazakii.tif.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Enterobacter_sakazakii.tif/lossless-page1-330px-Enterobacter_sakazakii.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Enterobacter_sakazakii.tif/lossless-page1-440px-Enterobacter_sakazakii.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1175" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(220,235,245)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Cronobacter" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pseudomonadota" title="Pseudomonadota">Pseudomonadota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gammaproteobacteria" title="Gammaproteobacteria">Gammaproteobacteria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enterobacterales" title="Enterobacterales">Enterobacterales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enterobacteriaceae" title="Enterobacteriaceae">Enterobacteriaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Cronobacter</i></a><br /><small>(Iversen <i>et al.</i> 2008)<sup id="cite_ref-Iversen_2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iversen_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Joseph <i>et al.</i> 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph_2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(220,235,245)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Cronobacter_sakazakii" title="Cronobacter sakazakii">C. sakazakii</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Cronobacter_malonaticus" title="Cronobacter malonaticus">C. malonaticus</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Cronobacter_turicensis" title="Cronobacter turicensis">C. turicensis</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Cronobacter_muytjensii" title="Cronobacter muytjensii">C. muytjensii</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Cronobacter_dublinensis" title="Cronobacter dublinensis">C. dublinensis</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronobacter_universalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cronobacter universalis (page does not exist)">C. universalis</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronobacter_condimenti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cronobacter condimenti (page does not exist)">C. condimenti</a></i> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Cronobacter</b></i> is a genus of <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram-negative">Gram-negative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facultative_anaerobic_organism" title="Facultative anaerobic organism">facultatively anaerobic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxidase" title="Oxidase">oxidase</a>-negative, <a href="/wiki/Catalase" title="Catalase">catalase</a>-positive, <a href="/wiki/Bacillus" title="Bacillus">rod-shaped</a> <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> of the family <a href="/wiki/Enterobacteriaceae" title="Enterobacteriaceae">Enterobacteriaceae</a>. Several <i>Cronobacter</i> species are desiccation resistant and persistent in dry products such as powdered infant formula.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are generally motile, reduce <a href="/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate">nitrate</a>, use <a href="/wiki/Citrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrate">citrate</a>, hydrolyze <a href="/wiki/Esculin" class="mw-redirect" title="Esculin">esculin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">arginine</a>, and are positive for L-<a href="/wiki/Ornithine" title="Ornithine">ornithine</a> <a href="/wiki/Decarboxylation" title="Decarboxylation">decarboxylation</a>. Acid is produced from D-<a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>, D-<a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</a>, D-<a href="/wiki/Raffinose" title="Raffinose">raffinose</a>, D-<a href="/wiki/Melibiose" title="Melibiose">melibiose</a>, D-<a href="/wiki/Cellobiose" title="Cellobiose">cellobiose</a>, D-<a href="/wiki/Mannitol" title="Mannitol">mannitol</a>, D-<a href="/wiki/Mannose" title="Mannose">mannose</a>, L-<a href="/wiki/Rhamnose" title="Rhamnose">rhamnose</a>, L-<a href="/wiki/Arabinose" title="Arabinose">arabinose</a>, D-<a href="/wiki/Trehalose" title="Trehalose">trehalose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galacturonic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Galacturonic acid">galacturonate</a> and D-<a href="/wiki/Maltose" title="Maltose">maltose</a>. <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. are also generally positive for <a href="/wiki/Acetoin" title="Acetoin">acetoin</a> production (<a href="/wiki/Voges%E2%80%93Proskauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Voges–Proskauer">Voges–Proskauer</a> test) and negative for the <a href="/wiki/Methyl_red" title="Methyl red">methyl red</a> test, indicating <a href="/wiki/2,3-Butanediol" title="2,3-Butanediol">2,3-butanediol</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Mixed_acid_fermentation" title="Mixed acid fermentation">mixed acid fermentation</a>. The type species of the genus <i>Cronobacter</i> is <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> comb. nov. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronobacter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Infant_food_safety" title="Infant food safety">Infant food safety</a></div> <p>All <i>Cronobacter</i> species, except <i>C. condimenti</i>, have been linked retrospectively to clinical cases of infection. While cases of infection do occur in adults, these are generally non-life-threatening, and often secondary colonization to underlying health problems. Infection in infants is associated with <a href="/wiki/Neonatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neonatal">neonatal</a> <a href="/wiki/Bacteraemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteraemia">bacteraemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Necrotising_enterocolitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Necrotising enterocolitis">necrotising enterocolitis</a> with a high case fatality rate and ongoing disablement of survivors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Need at least one study on the infection to back up these claims (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Increased awareness that <i>Cronobacter</i> are ubiquitous environmental organisms, initiatives by the <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> and <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>, and advice on infant feeding (including safe temperatures for reconstitution of powdered infant formula, and appropriate hold times, post-reconstitution) has drastically reduced the occurrence of infection outbreaks. Additionally, the introduction of an <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a> standard method for detection of these organisms has aided the infant formula industry to control their presence in manufacturing sites and products, further reducing the risk to infants. However, isolated cases can still occur, in part due to <i>Cronobacter</i> being ubiquitous in home environments as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronobacter&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Cronobacter</i> was first proposed as a new genus in 2007 as a clarification of the taxonomic relationship of the biogroups found among strains of <i><a href="/wiki/Enterobacter_sakazakii" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterobacter sakazakii">Enterobacter sakazakii</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Iversen_2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iversen_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This proposal was validly published in 2008 with five species and three subspecies named.<sup id="cite_ref-Iversen_2008_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iversen_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The genus definition was further revised in 2012 to seven named species when a name (<i>C. universalis</i>) was given to a group of isolates that were deemed too few in number to accurately describe during the original taxonomic work, and a single additional isolate was also named (<i>C. condimenti</i>). In 2013 <i>Enterobacter helveticus</i>, <i>Enterobacter pulveris</i> and <i>Enterobacter turicensis</i> were reclassified into the genus <i>Cronobacter</i>, however this was corrected in 2014 when Stephan <i>et al.</i> published evidence that these should be classified as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franconibacter_helveticus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franconibacter helveticus (page does not exist)">Franconibacter helveticus</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franconibacter_pulveris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franconibacter pulveris (page does not exist)">Franconibacter pulveris</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siccibacter_turicensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siccibacter turicensis (page does not exist)">Siccibacter turicensis</a></i> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Stefan_2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stefan_2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronobacter&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Cronobacter</i> (Cro.no.bac'ter) is from the Greek noun <i><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronos</a></i> (Κρόνος), one of the <a href="/wiki/Titan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (mythology)">Titans</a> of mythology, who swallowed each of his children as soon as they were born, and the New Latin masculine noun <a href="/wiki/-bacter" title="-bacter"><i>bacter</i></a>, a rod, resulting in the N.L. masc. n. Cronobacter, a rod that can cause illness in neonates. </p><p><i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> (sak.a.zaki.ī. N.L. gen. n. sakazakii, of Sakazaki) is named in honour of the Japanese microbiologist Riichi Sakazaki (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E7%89%88" class="extiw" title="ja:ウィキペディア日本語版">ja</a>:<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%82%E5%B4%8E%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%80" class="extiw" title="ja:坂崎利一">坂崎利一</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cronobacter malonaticus</i> (mă.lō.nă.tĭ'cŭs) is from N.L. n. <i>malonas</i> <i>-atis</i>, malonate; L. suff. <i>-icus</i>, suffix used with the sense of belonging to; N.L. masc. adj. <i>malonaticus</i>, pertaining to the use of <a href="/wiki/Malonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Malonate">malonate</a>. The type strain, CDC 1058-77T, was isolated from a breast abscess.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cronobacter turicensis</i> (tŭ.rĭ.sĕn'sĭs) is from the L. masc. adj. <i>turicensis</i>, pertaining to <i>Turicum</i>, the Latin name of <a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a>, Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-Iversen_2007_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iversen_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cronobacter muytjensii</i> (mœ.tjәn.sĭ.ī), from the N.L. gen. n. <i>muytjensii</i>, of Muytjens, is named in honour of the Dutch microbiologist Harry Muytjens, who performed much of the early work on <i>Enterobacter sakazakii</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cronobacter dublinensis</i> (dŭb.lĭn.ĕn'sĭs, from the N.L. masc. adj. <i>dublinensis</i>, pertains to <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland, the origin of the type strain.<sup id="cite_ref-Iversen_2007_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iversen_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>C. dublinensis</i> subsp. <i>lausannensis</i> (lô.săn.ĕn'sĭs) from the L. masc. adj. <i>lausannensis</i>, pertains to <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, Switzerland, the origin of the type strain for this subspecies.<sup id="cite_ref-Iversen_2007_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iversen_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>C. dublinensis</i> subsp. <i>lactaridi </i> (lăkt.ărĭd.ī), is from the L. n. lac <i>lactis</i>, milk, L. adj. <i>aridus</i>, dried, to give N.L. gen. n. <i>lactaridi</i>, of a dried milk.<sup id="cite_ref-Iversen_2007_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iversen_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cronobacter universalis</i> (u.ni.ver.sa'lis) is L. masc. adj. <i>universalis</i>, of or belonging to all or universal.<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph_2011_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cronobacter condimenti</i> (con.di.men'ti) is from the L. gen. n. <i>condimenti</i>, of spice or seasoning, as it was first isolated in part from spiced meat.<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph_2011_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronobacter&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bacterial_genera_named_after_mythological_figures" title="List of bacterial genera named after mythological figures">List of bacterial genera named after mythological figures</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronobacter&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Iversen_2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iversen_2008_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iversen_2008_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIversenMullaneMcCardellTall2008" class="citation journal cs1">Iversen, C.; Mullane, N.; McCardell, B.; Tall, B. D.; Lehner, A.; Fanning, S.; Stephan, R.; Joosten, H. (2008). "<i>Cronobacter</i> gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of <i>Enterobacter sakazakii</i>, and proposal of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> gen. nov. comb. nov., <i>C. malonaticus</i> sp. nov., <i>C. turicensis</i> sp. nov., <i>C. muytjensii</i> sp. nov., <i>C. dublinensis</i> sp. nov., <i>Cronobacter</i> genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, <i>C. dublinensis</i> sp. nov. subsp. <i>dublinensis</i> subsp. nov., <i>C. dublinensis</i> sp. nov. subsp. <i>lausannensis</i> subsp. nov., and <i>C. dublinensis</i> sp. nov. subsp. <i>lactaridi</i> subsp. nov". <i><a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Systematic_and_Evolutionary_Microbiology" title="International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology">International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology</a></i>. <b>58</b> (6): 1442–1447. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijs.0.65577-0">10.1099/ijs.0.65577-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18523192">18523192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cronobacter+gen.+nov.%2C+a+new+genus+to+accommodate+the+biogroups+of+Enterobacter+sakazakii%2C+and+proposal+of+Cronobacter+sakazakii+gen.+nov.+comb.+nov.%2C+C.+malonaticus+sp.+nov.%2C+C.+turicensis+sp.+nov.%2C+C.+muytjensii+sp.+nov.%2C+C.+dublinensis+sp.+nov.%2C+Cronobacter+genomospecies+1%2C+and+of+three+subspecies%2C+C.+dublinensis+sp.+nov.+subsp.+dublinensis+subsp.+nov.%2C+C.+dublinensis+sp.+nov.+subsp.+lausannensis+subsp.+nov.%2C+and+C.+dublinensis+sp.+nov.+subsp.+lactaridi+subsp.+nov.&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1442-1447&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1099%2Fijs.0.65577-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18523192&rft.aulast=Iversen&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Mullane%2C+N.&rft.au=McCardell%2C+B.&rft.au=Tall%2C+B.+D.&rft.au=Lehner%2C+A.&rft.au=Fanning%2C+S.&rft.au=Stephan%2C+R.&rft.au=Joosten%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACronobacter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joseph_2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph_2011_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph_2011_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph_2011_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosephCetinkayaDrahovskaLevican2012" class="citation journal cs1">Joseph, Susan; Cetinkaya, Esin; Drahovska, Hana; Levican, Arturo; Figueras, Maria J.; Forsythe, Stephen J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijs.0.032292-0">"<i>Cronobacter condimenti</i> sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat and <i>Cronobacter universalis</i> sp. nov., a novel species designation for <i>Cronobacter</i> sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water, and food ingredients"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Systematic_and_Evolutionary_Microbiology" title="International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology">International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology</a></i>. <b>62</b> (Pt 6): 1277–1283. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijs.0.032292-0">10.1099/ijs.0.032292-0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22661070">22661070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cronobacter+condimenti+sp.+nov.%2C+isolated+from+spiced+meat+and+Cronobacter+universalis+sp.+nov.%2C+a+novel+species+designation+for+Cronobacter+sp.+genomospecies+1%2C+recovered+from+a+leg+infection%2C+water%2C+and+food+ingredients&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=Pt+6&rft.pages=1277-1283&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1099%2Fijs.0.032292-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22661070&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Cetinkaya%2C+Esin&rft.au=Drahovska%2C+Hana&rft.au=Levican%2C+Arturo&rft.au=Figueras%2C+Maria+J.&rft.au=Forsythe%2C+Stephen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1099%252Fijs.0.032292-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACronobacter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsailiForsythe2009" class="citation journal cs1">Osaili, T.; Forsythe, S. 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Grim, Christopher J.; Gopinath, Gopal R.; Mammel, Mark K.; Sathyamoorthy, Venugopal; Trach, Larisa H.; Chase, Hannah R.; Fanning, Séamus; Tall, Ben D. (1 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4179279">"Re-examination of the taxonomic status of Enterobacter helveticus, Enterobacter pulveris and Enterobacter turicensis as members of the genus Cronobacter and their reclassification in the genera Franconibacter gen. nov. and Siccibacter gen. nov. as Franconibacter helveticus comb. nov., Franconibacter pulveris comb. nov. and Siccibacter turicensis comb. nov., respectively"</a>. <i>International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology</i>. <b>64</b> (Pt_10): 3402–3410. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijs.0.059832-0">10.1099/ijs.0.059832-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4179279">4179279</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25028159">25028159</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Re-examination+of+the+taxonomic+status+of+Enterobacter+helveticus%2C+Enterobacter+pulveris+and+Enterobacter+turicensis+as+members+of+the+genus+Cronobacter+and+their+reclassification+in+the+genera+Franconibacter+gen.+nov.+and+Siccibacter+gen.+nov.+as+Franconibacter+helveticus+comb.+nov.%2C+Franconibacter+pulveris+comb.+nov.+and+Siccibacter+turicensis+comb.+nov.%2C+respectively&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=Pt_10&rft.pages=3402-3410&rft.date=2014-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4179279%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25028159&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1099%2Fijs.0.059832-0&rft.aulast=Stephan&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Grim%2C+Christopher+J.&rft.au=Gopinath%2C+Gopal+R.&rft.au=Mammel%2C+Mark+K.&rft.au=Sathyamoorthy%2C+Venugopal&rft.au=Trach%2C+Larisa+H.&rft.au=Chase%2C+Hannah+R.&rft.au=Fanning%2C+S%C3%A9amus&rft.au=Tall%2C+Ben+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4179279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACronobacter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farmer-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Farmer_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Farmer_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmerAsburyHickmanBrenner1980" class="citation journal cs1">Farmer, J. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pediatric+Infectious+Disease+Journal&rft.atitle=Enterobacter+sakazakii+meningitis+in+neonates%3A+Causative+role+of+formula%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=372-373&rft.date=1990-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00006454-199005000-00016&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2352824&rft.aulast=Muytjens&rft.aufirst=Harry+L.&rft.au=Koll%C3%A9e%2C+Louis+A.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1097%252F00006454-199005000-00016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACronobacter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cronobacter</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311419" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q311419">Q311419</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cronobacter" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cronobacter">Cronobacter</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3W4V">3W4V</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/10638765">10638765</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4885698">4885698</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1274166">1274166</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=956998">956998</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prokaryotic_names_with_Standing_in_Nomenclature" title="List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature">LPSN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bacterio.net/cronobacter.html">cronobacter.html</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=413496">413496</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/877b9771-1c43-4972-8bd6-4050e9239d81">877b9771-1c43-4972-8bd6-4050e9239d81</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=385968">385968</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cronobacter&oldid=1233142023">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cronobacter&oldid=1233142023</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Enterobacteriaceae" title="Category:Enterobacteriaceae">Enterobacteriaceae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bacteria_genera" title="Category:Bacteria genera">Bacteria genera</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2017">Use dmy dates from April 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a 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