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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Brasil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brasil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exemplos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exemplos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Exemplos</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exemplos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Exemplos</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exemplos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Música" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Música"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Música</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Música-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teatro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teatro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Teatro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teatro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movimentos_artísticos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movimentos_artísticos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Movimentos artísticos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movimentos_artísticos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referências-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Referências</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliográficas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliográficas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliográficas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliográficas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanguarda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 77 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Avant-garde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarde" title="Avantgarde — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Avantgarde" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طليعية — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طليعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avanqard_(inc%C9%99s%C9%99n%C9%99t)" title="Avanqard (incəsənət) — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avanqard (incəsənət)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarde" title="Avantgarde — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Avantgarde" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Авангард — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Авангард" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Авангард — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Авангард" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Авангардизъм — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Авангардизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%81-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="আভঁ-গার্দ — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আভঁ-গার্দ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantguardisme" title="Avantguardisme — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Avantguardisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Авангард (говзалла) — checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Авангард (говзалла)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ئاڤانت-گارد — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاڤانت-گارد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarda" title="Avantgarda — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Avantgarda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Авангард — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Авангард" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Avant-garde" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarde" title="Avantgarde — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Avantgarde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarde" title="Avantgarde — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Avantgarde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD-%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Αβάν-γκαρντ — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αβάν-γκαρντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Avant-garde" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avangardo" title="Avangardo — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Avangardo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguardismo" title="Vanguardismo — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vanguardismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avangardism" title="Avangardism — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Avangardism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abangoardismo" title="Abangoardismo — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abangoardismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="آوانگارد — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آوانگارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarde" title="Avantgarde — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Avantgarde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde_(art)" title="Avant-garde (art) — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Avant-garde (art)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangardas" title="Vangardas — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vangardas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82_%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A6" title="આવાં ગાર્દ — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આવાં ગાર્દ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%93" title="אוונגרד — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוונגרד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="आवाँ गार्द — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आवाँ गार्द" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avangarda" title="Avangarda — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Avangarda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantg%C3%A1rd" title="Avantgárd — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Avantgárd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Ավանգարդիզմ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավանգարդիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Avant-garde" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avangardo" title="Avangardo — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Avangardo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avanguardia" title="Avanguardia — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Avanguardia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89" title="アバンギャルド — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アバンギャルド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ავანგარდიზმი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავანგარდიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Авангардизм — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Авангардизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B0%A9%EA%B0%80%EB%A5%B4%EB%93%9C" title="아방가르드 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아방가르드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Авангардизм — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Авангардизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Avant-garde" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avangardas_(kult%C5%ABra)" title="Avangardas (kultūra) — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Avangardas (kultūra)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avangards_(m%C4%81ksla)" title="Avangards (māksla) — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Avangards (māksla)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Авангарда — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Авангарда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="ॲव्हां गर्द — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲव्हां गर्द" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Avant-garde" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarde" title="Avantgarde — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Avantgarde" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Avant-garde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarde" title="Avantgarde — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Avantgarde" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarde" title="Avantgarde — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Avantgarde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgardas_artisticas" title="Avantgardas artisticas — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Avantgardas artisticas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6" title="ਐਵਾਂ ਗਾਰਦ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਵਾਂ ਗਾਰਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awangarda_(sztuka)" title="Awangarda (sztuka) — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Awangarda (sztuka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%BA_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ایواں گارد — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایواں گارد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avangard%C4%83_(art%C4%83)" title="Avangardă (artă) — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Avangardă (artă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Аванґарда — Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Аванґарда" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Авангард (искусство) — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Авангард (искусство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Авангардизм — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Авангардизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avangarda" title="Avangarda — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Avangarda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Avant-garde" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarda_(umeleck%C3%A9_obdobie)" title="Avantgarda (umelecké obdobie) — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Avantgarda (umelecké obdobie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarda" title="Avantgarda — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avantgarda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti_Avant-Garde" title="Arti Avant-Garde — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arti Avant-Garde" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Авангарда — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Авангарда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarde" title="Avantgarde — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Avantgarde" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D2%B3%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Авангард (ҳунар) — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Авангард (ҳунар)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84" title="กลุ่มล้ำยุค — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มล้ำยุค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awangardizm" title="Awangardizm — turcomano" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Awangardizm" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Avant-garde" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avangart" title="Avangart — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avangart" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Авангардчылык — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Авангардчылык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Авангардизм — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Авангардизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avangardizm" title="Avangardizm — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Avangardizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_ti%E1%BB%81n_phong" title="Chủ nghĩa tiền phong — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa tiền phong" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E6%B4%BE" title="先锋派 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="先锋派" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%A1%9B" title="前衛 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="前衛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q102932#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vanguarda" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Vanguarda" rel="discussion" 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:The_Love_of_Zero,_35mm_film_Robert_Florey1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Love_of_Zero%2C_35mm_film_Robert_Florey1928.jpg/220px-The_Love_of_Zero%2C_35mm_film_Robert_Florey1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/The_Love_of_Zero%2C_35mm_film_Robert_Florey1928.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Uma imagem publicitária de <i>The Love of Zero</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> um curta-metragem de vanguarda de 1927 de Robert Florey</figcaption></figure><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Para o conceito Leninista, veja <a href="/wiki/Vanguardismo_(Leninismo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguardismo (Leninismo)">Vanguardismo (Leninismo)</a>.</div> <p>A <b>vanguarda</b> (do <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa" title="Língua francesa">francês</a> <i>avant-garde</i>) significa, literalmente, a guarda avançada ou a parte frontal de um <a href="/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcito" title="Exército">exército</a>. Seu uso <a href="/wiki/Met%C3%A1fora" title="Metáfora">metafórico</a> data de inícios do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span>, referindo-se a setores de maior pioneirismo, consciência ou combatividade dentro de um determinado movimento social, político, científico ou artístico.<sup id="cite_ref-(eds.)_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(eds.)-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Nas <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">artes</a>, a vanguarda produz a ruptura de modelos preestabelecidos, defendendo formas antitradicionais de arte e o novo nas fronteiras do <a href="/wiki/Experimentalismo" class="mw-disambig" title="Experimentalismo">experimentalismo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-(orgs.)_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(orgs.)-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O termo foi originalmente usado pelos militares franceses para se referir a um pequeno grupo de reconhecimento que explorava à frente da força principal. Também se tornou associado a radicais franceses de esquerda no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span>, que agitavam por reformas políticas. Em algum momento de meados daquele século, o termo foi vinculado à arte pela ideia de que a arte é um instrumento de mudança social. Somente no final do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span> a <i>l'art d'avant-garde</i> começou a romper com sua identificação com as causas sociais de esquerda para se alinhar mais às questões estéticas. <i>Vanguarda</i> geralmente se refere a grupos de pensadores, escritores e artistas que expressam ideias e experimentam abordagens que desafiam os cânones vigentes. Ideias de vanguarda, especialmente quando abrangem questões sociais, muitas vezes são gradualmente assimiladas pela sociedade, tornando-se <i><a href="/wiki/Mainstream" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainstream">mainstream</a></i> e criando o ambiente para o surgimento de novas rupturas, por uma nova geração de radicais.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teorias">Teorias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Teorias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Teorias"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg/220px-Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg/330px-Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg/440px-Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="2499" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <i>Fonte</i>, 1917. Foto de <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vários escritores têm tentado, com sucesso limitado, mapear os parâmetros da atividade <i>avant-garde</i>. O ensaísta italiano Renato Poggioli proporciona uma das mais conhecidas análises de vanguardismo como um fenômeno cultural em seu livro de 1962, <i>Teoria dell'arte d'Avanguardia</i> (<i>Teoria da arte de vanguarda</i>). Levantando aspectos históricos, sociais, psicológicos e filosóficos do <a href="/wiki/Vanguardismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguardismo">vanguardismo</a>, Poggioli ultrapassa instâncias individuais da arte, <a href="/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia">poesia</a> e <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música">música</a> para mostrar que os vanguardistas podem compartilhar certos ideais e <a href="/wiki/Valor_(%C3%A9tica)" title="Valor (ética)">valores</a> que se manifestam na adoção de um estilo de vida não conformista. Ele vê a <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">cultura</a> de vanguarda como uma variedade ou subcategoria de <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%A9mia_(estilo_de_vida)" title="Boémia (estilo de vida)">boêmia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outros autores têm procurado tanto esclarecer quanto ampliar o estudo de Poggioli. O crítico literário Peter Bürger escreveu <i>Teoria do Avant-Garde</i> (1974) olhando para a adesão do <i><a href="/wiki/Establishment" title="Establishment">Establishment</a></i> às obras de arte socialmente críticas e sugere que, em cumplicidade com o <a href="/wiki/Capitalismo" title="Capitalismo">capitalismo</a>, "a arte como instituição neutraliza o conteúdo <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica" title="Política">político</a> do trabalho individual".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O ensaio de Bürger também influenciou o trabalho de historiadores da arte contemporânea americana como o alemão Benjamin H.D. Buchloh (nascido em 1941), enquanto os críticos mais antigos, como Bürger, continuam a ver o <i>neo-avant-garde</i> do pós-guerra como uma reciclagem vazia de formas e as estratégias das duas primeiras décadas do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span>. Outros, como <a href="/wiki/Clement_Greenberg" title="Clement Greenberg">Clement Greenberg</a> (1909-1994), viram de forma mais positiva, como uma nova articulação das condições específicas da produção cultural no período do pós-guerra. Buchloh, na coletânea de ensaios <i>O neo-avantgarde e a Indústria Cultural</i>, (2000) argumenta criticamente uma abordagem <a href="/wiki/Dial%C3%A9tica" title="Dialética">dialética</a> para essas posições.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> A crítica posterior teorizou as limitações dessas abordagens, observando suas áreas circunscritas de análise, incluindo o <a href="/wiki/Eurocentrismo" title="Eurocentrismo">eurocentrismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machismo" title="Machismo">machismo</a> e definições específicas de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_(sociedade)" class="mw-redirect" title="Género (sociedade)">gênero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brasil">Brasil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Brasil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Brasil"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Semana_de_Arte_Moderna_de_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922">Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922</a></div> <p>Segundo a pesquisadora Otília Arantes, a <i>avant-garde</i> brasileira atravessou três momentos diferentes: a <a href="/wiki/Modernismo" title="Modernismo">modernidade</a> dos anos 20 e 30, o <a href="/wiki/Concretismo" title="Concretismo">concretismo</a> e o neoconcretismo dos anos 50 e a produção dos anos 60.<sup id="cite_ref-Reis2006_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reis2006-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> As exposições "Opinião 65", "Propostas 65", "Nova Objetividade brasileira" e "Do corpo à terra" formalizaram a possibilidade de uma arte experimental através do debate, com obras e texto.<sup id="cite_ref-Reis2006_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reis2006-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio_Oiticica" title="Hélio Oiticica">Hélio Oiticica</a> busca definir uma especificidade para a vanguarda brasileira, situando-a na esteira da exposição da "Nova Objetividade". A partir daí, afirma, a estrutura da obra mudou (não é mais "pintura" ou "escultura") para "ordens ambientais".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em <i>Por que a vanguarda brasileira é carioca</i>, de 1966, <a href="/wiki/Frederico_Morais_(cr%C3%ADtico)" title="Frederico Morais (crítico)">Frederico Morais</a> já defende a ideia de uma vocação construtiva para a arte brasileira e também coloca a arquitetura e o movimento concreto como exemplo desta. O movimento concreto colaborou para uma caracterização da cultura brasileira, porém, era mais ligado à industrialização, já que as obras deste período eram extremamente racionais e matemáticas.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exemplos">Exemplos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Exemplos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Exemplos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Música"><span id="M.C3.BAsica"></span>Música</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Música" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Música"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Avant-garde</i> na música pode se referir a qualquer forma de música trabalhando dentro de estruturas tradicionais, enquanto busca quebrar limites de alguma maneira.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> O termo é usado vagamente para descrever o trabalho de qualquer músico que se afaste radicalmente da tradição.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> Por esta definição, alguns compositores de vanguarda do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span> incluem <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Arnold Schönberg">Arnold Schönberg</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a> (em seus primeiros trabalhos),<sup id="cite_ref-Sitsky_xiii_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitsky_xiii-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Charles Ives</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sitsky_xiv_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitsky_xiv-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sitsky_50_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitsky_50-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgard Varèse">Edgard Varèse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sitsky_50_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitsky_50-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">George Antheil</a> (apenas nas primeiras obras),<a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Henry Cowell</a> ((nas primeiras obras), <a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Harry Partch</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iannis_Xenakis" class="mw-redirect" title="Iannis Xenakis">Iannis Xenakis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sitsky_xiv_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitsky_xiv-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Morton Feldman, <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Oliveros" title="Pauline Oliveros">Pauline Oliveros</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sitsky_xvii_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitsky_xvii-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Glass" title="Philip Glass">Philip Glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Monk" title="Meredith Monk">Meredith Monk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sitsky_xvii_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitsky_xvii-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sitsky_xvii_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitsky_xvii-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> e <a href="/wiki/Diamanda_Gal%C3%A1s" title="Diamanda Galás">Diamanda Galás</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sitsky_xvii_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitsky_xvii-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Há uma outra definição de "vanguarda" que o distingue do "modernismo": Peter Bürger, por exemplo, diz que o vanguardismo rejeita a "instituição da arte" e desafia os valores sociais e artísticos e, portanto, envolve necessariamente políticos, sociais, e fatores culturais.<sup id="cite_ref-Samson_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samson-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> De acordo com o compositor e musicólogo Larry Sitsky, compositores modernistas do início do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span> que não se qualificam como vanguardistas incluem <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Arnold Schönberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a> e Igor Stravinsky; compositores modernistas posteriores que não se enquadram na categoria de vanguardistas incluem <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Carter" title="Elliott Carter">Elliott Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Witold Lutosławski</a> e <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Luciano Berio</a>, uma vez que "seu modernismo não foi concebido com o propósito de incitar uma audiência".<sup id="cite_ref-Sitsky_xv_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitsky_xv-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A década de 1960 viu uma onda de música livre e de vanguarda no gênero jazz, representada por artistas como <a href="/wiki/Ornette_Coleman" title="Ornette Coleman">Ornette Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Ra" title="Sun Ra">Sun Ra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ayler" title="Albert Ayler">Albert Ayler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archie_Shepp" title="Archie Shepp">Archie Shepp</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a> e <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> Na música rock dos anos 1970, o descritor de "arte" era geralmente entendido como "agressivamente vanguardista" ou "pretensiosamente progressivo".<sup id="cite_ref-ArtPunkMurray_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArtPunkMurray-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> Artistas pós-punk do final dos anos 1970 rejeitaram as sensibilidades do rock tradicional em favor de uma estética de vanguarda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teatro">Teatro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Teatro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Teatro"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enquanto a vanguarda tem uma história significativa na música do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span>, ela é mais pronunciada no teatro e na arte performática, e frequentemente em conjunto com a música e inovações de design de som, bem como desenvolvimentos em design de mídia visual. Existem movimentos na história do teatro que se caracterizam por suas contribuições às tradições de vanguarda nos Estados Unidos e na Europa. Entre eles estão <a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happenings</a> e Neo-Dada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Movimentos_artísticos"><span id="Movimentos_art.C3.ADsticos"></span>Movimentos artísticos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Movimentos artísticos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Movimentos artísticos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-width: 15em; -webkit-column-width: 15em; column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expressionismo_abstrato" title="Expressionismo abstrato">Expressionismo abstrato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA" title="COBRA">COBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Conceitual" class="mw-redirect" title="Arte Conceitual">Arte conceitual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construtivismo" title="Construtivismo">Construtivismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubismo" title="Cubismo">Cubismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada%C3%ADsmo" title="Dadaísmo">Dadaísmo</a></li> <li>De Stijl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionismo" title="Expressionismo">Expressionismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvismo" title="Fauvismo">Fauvismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurismo" title="Futurismo">Futurismo</a></li> <li>Imaginismo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagismo" title="Imagismo">Imagismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionismo" title="Impressionismo">Impressionismo</a></li> <li>Incoerentes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Art" title="Land Art">Land art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li> <li>Abstração Lírica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_minimalista" class="mw-redirect" title="Arte minimalista">Arte minimalista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orfismo_(movimento_art%C3%ADstico)" title="Orfismo (movimento artístico)">Orfismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Arte Pop">Arte pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preciosismo_(pintura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Preciosismo (pintura)">Precisionismo</a></li> <li>Primitivismo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raionismo" title="Raionismo">Rayonismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realismo" title="Realismo">Realismo</a></li> <li>Situacionismo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematismo" title="Suprematismo">Suprematismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealismo" title="Surrealismo">Surrealismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbolismo" title="Simbolismo">Simbolismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taquismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Taquismo">Taquismo</a></li> <li>Construtivismo Universal</li> <li>Actionism vienense</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticismo" title="Vorticismo">Vorticismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criacionismo" title="Criacionismo">Criacionismo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadaism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadaism (página não existe)">Nadaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estridentismo" title="Estridentismo">Estridentismo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultraist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultraist (página não existe)">Ultraist</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_de_vanguarda" title="Música de vanguarda">Música de vanguarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arquitetura_moderna" title="Arquitetura moderna">Arquitetura moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_de_vanguarda" title="Cinema de vanguarda">Cinema de vanguarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poesia_de_vanguarda" title="Poesia de vanguarda">Poesia de vanguarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poesia_moderna" title="Poesia moderna">Poesia moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernidade" title="Modernidade">Modernidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernismo" title="Modernismo">Modernismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semana_de_Arte_Moderna_de_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922">Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPEBUJJUICc"><span class="plainlinks"><i>The Love of Zero</i></span></a> no <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(eds.)-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-(eds.)_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Outhwaite, Tom Bottomore, E. Gellner, R. Nisbet, A. Touraine (eds.). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=5anZ_pPuc8cC&pg=PA794">Dicionário do pensamento social do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span></a></i>. Zahar; <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9788537805848" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-85-378-0584-8</a>. p. 794.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">FERREIRA, A. B. H. <i>Novo Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa</i>. 2ª edição. Rio de Janeiro. Nova Fronteira. 1986. p. 1 752.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(orgs.)-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-(orgs.)_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">André Carreira e Marisa Naspolini (orgs.). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bKLoSG0so5IC&pg=PA103">Meyerhold: Experimentalismo e Vanguarda</a></i>. Editora E-papers; <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9788576501336" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-85-7650-133-6</a>. p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Porter, Tom (2004). <i>Archispeak : an illustrated guide to architectural terms</i>. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN <bdi>0415300118</bdi>. OCLC 53144738.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Poggioli, Renato (1981). <i>The Theory of the Avant-Garde</i>. [S.l.]: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-674-88216-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-674-88216-4">0-674-88216-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AVanguarda&rft.au=Poggioli%2C+Renato&rft.btitle=The+Theory+of+the+Avant-Garde&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-674-88216-4&rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>, translated from the Italian by Gerald Fitzgerald, 2nd ed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bürger, Peter (1974). <i>Theorie der Avantgarde</i>. [S.l.]: Suhrkamp Verlag</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AVanguarda&rft.au=B%C3%BCrger%2C+Peter&rft.btitle=Theorie+der+Avantgarde&rft.date=1974&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Suhrkamp+Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> English translation (University of Minnesota Press) 1984: 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Buchloh, Benjamin (2001). <i>Neo-avantgarde and Culture Industry: Essays on European and American Art from 1955 to 1975</i>. [S.l.]: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-262-02454-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-262-02454-3">0-262-02454-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AVanguarda&rft.au=Buchloh%2C+Benjamin&rft.btitle=Neo-avantgarde+and+Culture+Industry%3A+Essays+on+European+and+American+Art+from+1955+to+1975&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-262-02454-3&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harding, James M. Cutting Performances: Collage Events, Feminist Artists, and the American Avant-Garde. University of Michigan, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reis2006-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reis2006_10-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reis2006_10-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Paulo R. O. Reis. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=yuqbAz0TjrwC&pg=PA5">Arte de vanguarda no Brasil: os anos 60</a></i>. Jorge Zahar Editor; 2006. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9788571109131" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-85-7110-913-1</a>. p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hélio Oiticica, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itaucultural.org.br/aplicexternas/enciclopedia/ho/index.cfm?fuseaction=documentos&cod=224&tipo=2">Situação da vanguarda no Brasil</a></i>, novembro de 1966</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jhanainna Silva Pereira Jezzini, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.embap.pr.gov.br/arquivos/File/Forum/anais-vi/14JhanainaJezzini.pdf">A teoria estética de Hélio Oiticica na formulação de uma nova objetividade brasileira</a></i>, p. 140, ISSN 1809-2616</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicholls (ed.), <i>The Cambridge History of American Music</i> (Cambridge e Nova York: Cambridge University Press , 1998), 122-24. ISBN 0-521-45429-8 ISBN 978-0-521-54554-9   </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Larry Sitsky, <i>Music of the Twentieth-Century Avant-Garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook</i> (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002), xiv. ISBN 0-313-29689-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Larry Sitsky, <i>Music of the Twentieth-Century Avant-Garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook</i> (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002), xiii–xiv. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0313296898" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-313-29689-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sitsky_xiii-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sitsky_xiii_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Larry Sitsky, <i>Music of the Twentieth-Century Avant-Garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook</i> (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002), xiii–xiv. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-313-29689-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-313-29689-8">0-313-29689-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Larry Sitsky, <i>Music of the Twentieth-Century Avant-Garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook</i> (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002), 222. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-313-29689-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-313-29689-8">0-313-29689-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sitsky_xiv-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sitsky_xiv_18-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sitsky_xiv_18-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Larry Sitsky, <i>Music of the Twentieth-Century Avant-Garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook</i> (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002), xiv. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-313-29689-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-313-29689-8">0-313-29689-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sitsky_50-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sitsky_50_19-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sitsky_50_19-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Larry Sitsky, <i>Music of the Twentieth-Century Avant-Garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook</i> (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002), 50. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-313-29689-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-313-29689-8">0-313-29689-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elliot Schwartz, Barney Childs, and James Fox (eds.), <i>Contemporary Composers on Contemporary Music</i> (New York: Da Capo Press, 1998), 379. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-306-80819-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-306-80819-6">0-306-80819-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sitsky_xvii-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sitsky_xvii_21-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sitsky_xvii_21-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sitsky_xvii_21-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sitsky_xvii_21-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Larry Sitsky, <i>Music of the Twentieth-Century Avant-Garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook</i> (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002), xvii. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-313-29689-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-313-29689-8">0-313-29689-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samson-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Samson_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Samson, "Avant garde", <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i>, second edition, edited by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sitsky_xv-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sitsky_xv_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Larry Sitsky, <i>Music of the Twentieth-Century Avant-Garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook</i> (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002), xv. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-313-29689-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-313-29689-8">0-313-29689-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/avant-garde-jazz-ma0000002438">Avant-Garde Jazz</a>. AllMusic.com, n.d.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Michael West. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/in-the-year-jazz-went-avant-garde-ramsey-lewis-went-pop-with-a-bang/2015/04/02/2484628c-cdb9-11e4-8a46-b1dc9be5a8ff_story.html">«In the year jazz went avant-garde, Ramsey Lewis went pop with a bang»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AVanguarda&rft.atitle=In+the+year+jazz+went+avant-garde%2C+Ramsey+Lewis+went+pop+with+a+bang&rft.au=Michael+West&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fin-the-year-jazz-went-avant-garde-ramsey-lewis-went-pop-with-a-bang%2F2015%2F04%2F02%2F2484628c-cdb9-11e4-8a46-b1dc9be5a8ff_story.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArtPunkMurray-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ArtPunkMurray_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Murray, Noel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avclub.com/article/60-minutes-music-sum-art-punk-pioneers-wire-219113">«60 minutes of music that sum up art-punk pioneers Wire»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AVanguarda&rft.atitle=60+minutes+of+music+that+sum+up+art-punk+pioneers+Wire&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Farticle%2F60-minutes-music-sum-art-punk-pioneers-wire-219113&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliográficas"><span id="Bibliogr.C3.A1ficas"></span>Bibliográficas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar secção: Bibliográficas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliográficas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ARGAN, Giulio Carlo; <i>Arte moderna</i>; São Paulo: Editora Companhia das Letras, 1992</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanguarda&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514045430/http://www.pitoresco.com.br/art_data/vanguardas_euro/">Vanguardas européias</a>- em português</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100618064247/http://www.cce.ufsc.br/~nupill/ensino/as_vanguard_modern.htm">As vanguardas e o Modernismo</a>- em português</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mac.usp.br/projetos/seculoxx/modulo1/">Sítio do MAC-USP</a>- em português</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a-art.com/avantgarde/link.html">Vanguarda russa</a>- em inglês</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Estética" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Est%C3%A9tica" title="Predefinição:Estética"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Est%C3%A9tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Estética (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Est%C3%A9tica&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Estética" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A9tica" title="Estética">Estética</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teorias</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classicismo" title="Classicismo">Classicismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicismo" title="Historicismo">Historicismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernismo" title="Modernismo">Modernismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3s-modernidade" title="Pós-modernidade">Pós-modernidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantismo" title="Romantismo">Romantismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbolismo" title="Simbolismo">Simbolismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conceitos</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beleza" title="Beleza">Beleza</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camp" title="Camp">Camp</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9dia" title="Comédia">Comédia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criatividade" title="Criatividade">Criatividade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleg%C3%A2ncia" title="Elegância">Elegância</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entretenimento" title="Entretenimento">Entretenimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotismo" title="Erotismo">Erotismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estilo_(arte)" title="Estilo (arte)">Estilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagina%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Imaginação">Imaginação</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mimese" title="Mimese">Mimese</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obra_de_arte" title="Obra de arte">Obra de arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percep%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Percepção">Percepção</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualidade_(filosofia)" title="Qualidade (filosofia)">Qualidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recrea%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Recreação">Recreação</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublime_(est%C3%A9tica)" title="Sublime (estética)">Sublime</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vanguarda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pensadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abinavagupta" title="Abinavagupta">Abinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gottlieb_Baumgarten" title="Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten">Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Losev" title="Alexei Losev">Alexei Losev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Danto" title="Arthur Danto">Arthur Danto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Bell" title="Clive Bell">Clive Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">George Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">György Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Dreyfus" title="Hubert Dreyfus">Hubert Dreyfus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._A._Richards" title="I. A. Richards">I. A. Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Jacques Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Jean-François Lyotard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">José Ortega y Gasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lavelle" title="Louis Lavelle">Louis Lavelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Goodman" title="Nelson Goodman">Nelson Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Paul Klee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plat%C3%A3o" title="Platão">Platão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wollheim" title="Richard Wollheim">Richard Wollheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._G._Collingwood" title="R. G. Collingwood">R. G. Collingwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fry" title="Roger Fry">Roger Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Roger Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Langer" title="Susanne Langer">Susanne Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Lipps" title="Theodor Lipps">Theodor Lipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. 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