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pudate="2024-11-11 10:51:09" datetime="2024-11-11 10:51:09">2024年11月11日</time></div><div class="share-btn"><i class="icon-forward"></i></div></div></div></div><figure class="article-span-photo"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/10/multimedia/10China-TSMC-wmpz/10China-TSMC-wmpz-master1050.jpg" width="1050" height="699" alt="去年，在台灣新竹的台積創新館，螢幕上顯示一塊半導體晶片。"><figcaption><span>去年，在台灣新竹的台積創新館，螢幕上顯示一塊半導體晶片。</span> <cite>Sam Yeh/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images</cite></figcaption></figure><div class="row"><div class="article-left"><section class="article-body"><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">台積電是世界上大多數尖端計算機晶片的製造商，該公司上個月發現，其生產的一款晶片恰恰進入了美國政策制定者不希望它出現的地方：<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20241030/tsmc-huawei-computer-chips/">華為</a>生產的一款處理器中。</div><div class="article-paragraph">目前尚不清楚該晶片是如何流入受美國制裁的中國電信公司華為手中的，但台積電的一位來自中國的客戶曾向台積電訂購了一款具有相同設計和規格的處理器。</div><div class="article-paragraph">據兩位未獲授權公開發言的知情人士透露，現在台積電將停止向中國出口其最先進的晶片，同時對訂單進行審查，以確保符合美國的規定。</div><div class="article-paragraph">世界上最大的科技公司都與台積電簽訂生產半導體的合同，這種微小的硅片表面蝕刻著數十億個電路，為從iPhone到電動汽車的各種產品提供動力。台積電按照客戶設計的規格進行生產，然後這些客戶再將產品銷售給自己的客戶。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-0" data-target="{"pos":"mid1","adv":""}"><small>廣告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">美國政府幾年來一直試圖阻止最先進、對人工智慧系統至關重要的晶片落入中國公司之手，擔心這些晶片可能被用于軍事目的。</div><div class="article-paragraph">它阻止<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/04/podcasts/the-daily/china-chip-ai.html">英偉達</a>等美國公司在中國銷售功能強大的人工智慧晶片，並<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20240812/china-us-chip-semiconductors/">敦促</a>日本和荷蘭公司停止向中國銷售用於製造晶片的專用機器。</div><div class="article-paragraph">但美國的規定並未全面禁止台積電生產向中國出售晶片。法規只是要求這家台灣晶片製造商必須核實它的中國客戶購買的不是功能強大的晶片。</div><div class="article-paragraph">上月，華為設備中發現了台積電的晶片，引發了人們對台積電如何審查客戶的質疑。</div><div class="article-paragraph">就在川普贏得第二任期的幾天後，中國的網路上就出現了台積電計劃停止和審查部分中國買家訂單的報導。這位候任總統此前曾表示，美國對台灣公司的補貼是個壞主意，因為台灣已經在晶片行業佔據主導地位，犧牲了美國競爭對手的利益。今年4月，台積電獲得<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20240409/tsmc-taiwan-chips-grants/">66億美元的撥款</a>，用於<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20240809/tsmc-phoenix-arizona-semiconductor/">在亞利桑那州建廠</a>。</div><div class="article-paragraph">專家們表示，僅僅根據晶片的設計，很難確切地知道晶片的功能有多強大，因此台積電很難驗證其中國客戶訂購的晶片是否符合美國的要求。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-1" data-target="{"pos":"mid2","adv":""}"><small>廣告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">台積電的大部分收入來自北美企業，包括全球最大的公司蘋果和英偉達。但製造人工智慧系統的科技巨頭百度和自動駕駛軟體公司地平線機器人等中國公司在這家台灣晶片製造商的業務中，仍然是一個雖小但很重要的部分。</div><div class="article-paragraph">自美國政府開始打擊晶片出口以來，台積電來自中國公司的收入幾乎減少了一半。2019年，台積電20%的收入來自中國。去年，這一比例降至12%。</div><div class="article-paragraph">負責監管美國出口管制的商務部拒絕置評。</div><div class="article-paragraph">其中一位知情人士稱，美國政府在2023年10月對台積電實施了限制，要求該公司核實來自中國的晶片設計沒有超過某些參數，否則就必須從美國政府獲得製造這些晶片的特別許可。這位知情人士說，此舉的目的是要求台積電核實晶片是否超過了某些閾值，但這一過程不知何故失效了。</div><div class="article-paragraph">台積電在聲明中稱自己是一家守法的公司，自<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/15/business/economy/commerce-department-huawei.html">美國的限制</a>措施生效以來，沒有向華為供應過晶片。「我們承諾遵守所有適用規章制度，包括適用的出口管控，」該公司表示。</div></div><div class="article-body-aside col-lg-3"></div></div></section><footer class="author-info"><div data-poster="" class="css-53u6y8"><p>John Liu自首爾對本文有報導貢獻。</p><p>Meaghan Tobin是時報科技記者，常駐台北，報導亞洲地區的商業和科技新聞，重點關注中國。<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/meaghan-tobin">點擊查看更多關於她的信息。</a></p><p>Ana Swanson報導貿易和國際經濟新聞，常駐華盛頓。她從事新聞工作已超過十年。<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/ana-swanson?action=click&pgtype=Article&state=default&variant=1_link&block=storyline_reporter_bio_recirc">點擊查看更多關於她的信息。</a></p><p>翻譯：紐約時報中文網</p><div data-poster="" class=""><div data-poster="" 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