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<span>Russian Federation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Federation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle United Kingdom subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Professorial_Fellows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professorial_Fellows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Professorial Fellows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professorial_Fellows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senior_Research_Fellows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senior_Research_Fellows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Senior Research Fellows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senior_Research_Fellows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Junior_Research_Fellows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Junior_Research_Fellows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Junior Research Fellows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Junior_Research_Fellows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_research_fellowships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_research_fellowships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>List of research fellowships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_research_fellowships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmi_i%C5%9F%C3%A7i" title="Elmi işçi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elmi işçi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Навуковы супрацоўнік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Навуковы супрацоўнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Научен сътрудник – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Научен сътрудник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%C4%95%C3%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%C3%A7%D0%B8" title="Ăслав ĕçлевçи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ăслав ĕçлевçи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaftlicher_Mitarbeiter" title="Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_fellow" title="Research fellow – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Research fellow" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enseignant-chercheur" title="Enseignant-chercheur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enseignant-chercheur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Գիտական աշխատող – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիտական աշխատող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="עמית מחקר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמית מחקר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ғылыми қызметкер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ғылыми қызметкер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokslo_darbuotojas" title="Mokslo darbuotojas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mokslo darbuotojas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmiy_xodim" title="Ilmiy xodim – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ilmiy xodim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolseiro_de_investiga%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Bolseiro de investigação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bolseiro de investigação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutkijatohtori" title="Tutkijatohtori – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tutkijatohtori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80" title="Гыйльми хезмәткәр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гыйльми хезмәткәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%A3" title="Ходими илмӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ходими илмӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma_g%C3%B6revlisi" title="Araştırma görevlisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Araştırma görevlisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Academic research position</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Research fellowship" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Fellow#As_a_financial_grant" title="Fellow">Research fellowship (funding)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Research_fellow" title="Special:EditPage/Research fellow">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Research+fellow%22">"Research fellow"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Research+fellow%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Research+fellow%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Research+fellow%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Research+fellow%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Research+fellow%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>research fellow</b> is an academic <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">research</a> position at a <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> or a similar research institution, usually for <a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_ranks" title="List of academic ranks">academic staff or faculty members</a>. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator. </p><p>Although research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions, in general it indicates junior researchers who develop their research careers under the guidance of senior researchers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="India">India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_fellow&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_India" title="Academic ranks in India">Academic ranks in India</a></div> <p>In India, the position of research fellowship is provided to scholars from various streams like science, arts, literature, management and others. Research fellowships are funded by government academics, research institutes, and private companies. Research fellows research under the supervision of experienced faculty, professor, head of department, and Dean on two different posts known as <a href="/wiki/Junior_Research_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Research Fellowship">Junior Research Fellowship</a> (JRF) and senior research fellow (SRF). Research organisations like <a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Agricultural_Research" title="Indian Council of Agricultural Research">ICAR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research" title="Council of Scientific and Industrial Research">CSIR</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(India)" title="University Grants Commission (India)">UGC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Medical_Research" title="Indian Council of Medical Research">ICMR</a> recruit research fellows through <a href="/wiki/National_Eligibility_Test" title="National Eligibility Test">National Eligibility Test</a>. After the completion of pre-defined tenure, JRF can be considered for a senior research fellowship based on the research fellow's performance and/or interview conducted by the committee of the research institute. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russian_Federation">Russian Federation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_fellow&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Russian Federation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_Russia" title="Academic ranks in Russia">Academic ranks in Russia</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>, the position and title research fellow is unknown; however, there is a broadly similar position of (Russian: <i lang="ru">Научный сотрудник</i>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">scientific worker</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). This position normally requires a degree of <a href="/wiki/Candidate_of_Sciences" title="Candidate of Sciences">Candidate of Sciences</a> approximately corresponding to the PhD. More senior positions normally require, in addition to the aforementioned degree, a track record of publications or certified inventions, as well as practical contributions to major research and development projects.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left:1em"> <caption>Hierarchy of researching positions in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Translation (variant)</th> <th>Original</th> <th>Russian abbreviation</th> <th>Scientific degree or job seniority required</th> <th>Number of publications required </th></tr> <tr> <td>junior researcher</td> <td>младший научный сотрудник</td> <td>м. н. с.</td> <td>Candidate of Sciences or 3 years</td> <td>1 in 5 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>researcher</td> <td>научный сотрудник</td> <td>н. с.</td> <td>Candidate of Sciences or 5 years</td> <td>3 in 5 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>senior researcher</td> <td>старший научный сотрудник</td> <td>с. н. с.</td> <td>Candidate of Sciences or 10 years</td> <td>5 in 5 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>leading researcher</td> <td>ведущий научный сотрудник</td> <td>в. н. с.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Sciences" title="Doctor of Sciences">Doctor of Sciences</a> or Candidate of Sciences (in exceptionary cases)</td> <td>7 in 5 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>principal researcher</td> <td>главный научный сотрудник</td> <td>г. н. с.</td> <td>Doctor of Sciences</td> <td>10 in 5 years </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_fellow&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_South_Africa" title="Academic ranks in South Africa">Academic ranks in South Africa</a></div> <p>Research fellows in South Africa are considered an asset to research organisations and universities. There are highly ranked universities such as <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Stellenbosch" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Stellenbosch">University of Stellenbosch</a> Business School, and <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_University" title="Rhodes University">Rhodes University</a> which offer fellowships to South African nationals in certain fields of research.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_fellow&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Academic ranks in the United Kingdom">Academic ranks in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>In the United Kingdom a research fellow is a broad category, used to indicate a scholar on a research-oriented professional development track. In many universities a research fellow is a career grade of a <i>Research Career Pathway</i>, following on from a postdoctoral position such as research associate, and may be open-ended, subject to normal probation regulations. For some universities, research career grades roughly correspond to the grades of the academic pathway in the following way: research fellow (a lower or same grade as a <a href="/wiki/Lecturer" title="Lecturer">lecturer</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> principal research fellow—<a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">reader</a>, whereas senior research fellow is somewhere between a <a href="/wiki/Lecturer" title="Lecturer">lecturer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senior_lecturer" title="Senior lecturer">senior lecturer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">associate professor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some universities such as Cambridge restricts Professorial grades only to academics who have excelled in both teaching and research.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of faculty appointments, the title of "Research Fellow" or "Senior Research Fellows" can be also used as honorary or temporary awarded "fellowships" to distinguished academics by research institutes or colleges, usually from different institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professorial_Fellows">Professorial Fellows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_fellow&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Professorial Fellows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Professorial Fellows</b> are the most senior professorships at a university. They are members of the College's Governing Body.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senior_Research_Fellows">Senior Research Fellows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_fellow&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Senior Research Fellows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Senior Research Fellowships</b> (SRFs) are awarded to researchers with "academic standing comparable to that of a distinguished research professorship at a major university."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They recognize scholars with distinguished research records and publications.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This position originated in the 15th century as a way of allowing scholars time and funding to pursue independent research without having teaching duties.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with the professorial fellows, senior research fellows are research-only posts, with the rise of the career grade there will normally be a formal requirement of a moderate amount of teaching and/or supervision (often at postgraduate level). At <a href="/wiki/All_Souls_College,_Oxford" title="All Souls College, Oxford">All Souls College, Oxford</a>, senior research fellows are 7-year long positions that are equivalent to a tenured position in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This position is equivalent to a full professorship.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Junior_Research_Fellows">Junior Research Fellows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_fellow&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Junior Research Fellows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Junior_Research_Fellowships" title="Junior Research Fellowships">Junior Research Fellowships</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_research_fellowships">List of research fellowships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_fellow&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: List of research fellowships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Fellowships by funding bodies </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Funding body</th> <th>Fellowship </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust_Principal_Research_Fellow" title="Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow">Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leverhulme_Trust" title="Leverhulme Trust">Leverhulme Trust</a></td> <td> <ul><li>Early Career Fellowships</li> <li>Emeritus Fellowships</li> <li>International Academic Fellowships</li> <li>Major Research Fellowships</li> <li>Research Fellowships</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_International_Fellowship" title="Newton International Fellowship">Newton International Fellowship</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Royal Academy of Engineering">Royal Academy of Engineering</a></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering">Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">Fellow of the British Academy</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_fellow&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecturer#Academic_usage" title="Lecturer">Lecturer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_ranks" title="List of academic ranks">List of academic ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_assistant" title="Research assistant">Research assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_associate" title="Research associate">Research associate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_fellow&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aup.ru/docs/d2/210.htm">"Квалификационный справочник: Ведущий научный сотрудник"</a> [Qualification Requirements for Positions of Managers, 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academic_ranks_overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Academic ranks overview</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_(academic_staff)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty (academic staff)">Faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_ranks" title="List of academic ranks">Ranks and titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_tenure" title="Academic tenure">Tenure track</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North American system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Tenure track</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_professor" title="Assistant professor">Assistant professor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">Associate professor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_(full)" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor (full)">Professor (full)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professors_in_the_United_States#Endowed" title="Professors in the United States">Endowed Chair</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Non-tenure track</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjunct_professors_in_North_America" title="Adjunct professors in North America">Adjunct professor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_the_United_States#Most_common_hierarchy" title="Academic ranks in the United States">Instructor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecturer#United_States" title="Lecturer">Lecturer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Research and teaching track</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associate_lecturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate lecturer">Associate lecturer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecturer" title="Lecturer">Lecturer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_lecturer" title="Senior lecturer">Senior lecturer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">Reader</a> or <a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">associate professor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Research track</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Research_assistant" title="Research assistant">Research assistant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Research fellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_research_fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior research fellow">Senior research fellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Research_professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Research professor">research professor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Junior positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Research_assistant" title="Research assistant">Research assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_associate" title="Research associate">Research associate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Research fellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_researcher" title="Postdoctoral researcher">Postdoctoral researcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_professor" title="Distinguished professor">Distinguished professor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agr%C3%A9gation#Higher_education" title="Agrégation">Agrégation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docent" title="Docent">Docent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habilitation" title="Habilitation">Habilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_college" title="Head of college">Head of college</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Privatdozent" title="Privatdozent">Privatdozent</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_of_practice" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor of practice">Professor of practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoolmaster" title="Schoolmaster">Schoolmaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_teacher" title="Head teacher">Head teacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-principal" title="Vice-principal">Vice-principal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_assistant" title="Teaching 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