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> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=NPAPI" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=NPAPI" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Scripting_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scripting_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Scripting support</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scripting_support-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scripting support subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scripting_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-LiveConnect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LiveConnect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>LiveConnect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LiveConnect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XPConnect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XPConnect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>XPConnect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XPConnect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Object_connection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Object_connection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Object connection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Object_connection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NPRuntime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NPRuntime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>NPRuntime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NPRuntime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Support</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Support-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Support subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Internet Explorer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Google_Chrome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Google_Chrome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Google Chrome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Google_Chrome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firefox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firefox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Firefox</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firefox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Safari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SeaMonkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SeaMonkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>SeaMonkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SeaMonkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_technologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_technologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Similar technologies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Similar_technologies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Similar technologies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Similar_technologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ActiveX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ActiveX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>ActiveX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ActiveX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PPAPI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PPAPI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>PPAPI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PPAPI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NPAPI" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="NPAPI" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="NPAPI" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="NPAPI" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_Netscape" title="Программный интерфейс подключаемых модулей Netscape – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Программный интерфейс подключаемых модулей Netscape" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="NPAPI" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2532873#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Application programming interface</div> <p><b>Netscape Plugin Application Programming Interface</b> (<b>NPAPI</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Deprecation" title="Deprecation">deprecated</a> <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> (API) for web browser <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plugins</a>, initially developed for <a href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator" title="Netscape Navigator">Netscape Navigator</a> 2.0 in 1995 and subsequently adopted by other browsers. </p><p>In the NPAPI architecture, a plugin declares <a href="/wiki/MIME_type" class="mw-redirect" title="MIME type">content types</a> (e.g. "audio/mp3") that it can handle. When the browser encounters a content type it cannot handle natively, it loads the appropriate plugin, sets aside space within the browser context for the plugin to render and then streams data to it. The plugin is responsible for rendering the data. The plugin runs in-place within the page, as opposed to older browsers that had to launch an external application to handle unknown content types. NPAPI requires each plugin to implement and expose approximately 15 functions for initializing, creating, deleting and positioning plugin content. NPAPI also supports scripting, printing, full-screen plugins, windowless plugins and content streaming. </p><p>NPAPI was frequently used for plugins which required intensive, low-level performance such as video players, including <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Adobe Flash Player</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Microsoft Silverlight</a>, as well as platforms for web applications such as the <a href="/wiki/Java_Runtime_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Runtime Environment">Java Runtime Environment</a>. </p><p>NPAPI support among major browsers started to wane since 2015 and it was gradually deprecated over the following 7 years. All major web browsers have removed support for 3rd party NPAPI plugins for security and maintenance reasons while superior technology exists.<sup id="cite_ref-theend_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theend-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scripting_support">Scripting support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Scripting support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scripting is a feature allowing <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> code in a web page to interact with the plugin. Various versions of Netscape and then <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla</a> supported this feature using different technologies, including LiveConnect, XPConnect, and NPRuntime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LiveConnect">LiveConnect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: LiveConnect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>LiveConnect</b> is a feature of Web browsers that allows <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> and JavaScript software to intercommunicate within a Web page. From the Java side it allows an applet to invoke the embedded scripts of a page, or to access the built-in JavaScript environment, much as scripts can. Conversely, from the JavaScript side, it allows a script to invoke applet methods, or to access Java runtime libraries, much as applets can.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>LiveConnect was used in <a href="/wiki/Netscape_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Netscape 4">Netscape 4</a> to implement scriptability of NPAPI plugins. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Open_Java_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Java Interface">Open Java Interface</a>-dependent implementation of LiveConnect was removed from the Mozilla source code tree in late June 2009 as part of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Mozilla_2">Mozilla 2</a> cleanup effort.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is no longer needed with the release of a redesigned <a href="/wiki/Java_Runtime_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Runtime Environment">Java Runtime Environment</a> from Sun Microsystems. However the old implementation was restored for Gecko 1.9.2, as Apple had yet to port the newer JRE over to Mac OS X.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Java–JavaScript functionality supported by the redesigned Java Runtime Environment is still called "LiveConnect", despite the <a href="/wiki/Open_Java_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Java Interface">Open Java Interface</a>-specific approach having been abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Netscape 4, NPAPI was extended to allow plugins to be scripted. This extension is called LiveConnect. A plugin could implement a <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> <a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">class</a> and expose an <a href="/wiki/Class_instance" class="mw-redirect" title="Class instance">instance of it</a>. The class could be called from JavaScript and from <a href="/wiki/Java_applet" title="Java applet">Java applets</a> running within the page. </p><p>The disadvantage of LiveConnect is, that it is heavily tied to the version of Java embedded within the Netscape browser. This prevented the browser from using other Java runtimes, and added bloat to the browser download size, since it required Java to script plugins. Additionally, LiveConnect is tricky to program: The developer has to define a Java class for the plugin, run it through a specialized Java <a href="/wiki/Header_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Header file">header</a> <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a>, and implement native <a href="/wiki/Method_(computer_programming)" title="Method (computer programming)">methods</a>. Handling <a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">strings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exception_handling" title="Exception handling">exceptions</a>, and other Java <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">objects</a> from <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> is non-obvious. In addition, LiveConnect uses an earlier and now obsolete <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> (API) for invoking native C++ calls from Java, called JRI. The JRI technology has long since been supplanted by <a href="/wiki/Java_Native_Interface" title="Java Native Interface">JNI</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XPConnect">XPConnect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: XPConnect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>XPConnect</b> (Cross Platform Connect) is a technology which enables simple interoperation between <a href="/wiki/XPCOM" title="XPCOM">XPCOM</a> and JavaScript. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Object_connection">Object connection</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Object connection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XPConnect allows JavaScript objects to transparently access and manipulate XPCOM objects. It also enables JavaScript objects to present XPCOM compliant <a href="/wiki/Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">interfaces</a> to be called by XPCOM objects. A main goal is that objects communicating from either side of an XPCOM style interface should not generally need to know or care about the implementation language of the object on the other side of the interface. </p><p>XPConnect's primary reason for existence is to replace handwritten code used in places where native code needs to interact with JavaScript code. An example is the <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a> module. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Security">Security</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Full privileges are only granted by default to chrome scripts, i.e. scripts that are part of the application or of an extension. For remote <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>/<a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a>/<a href="/wiki/XUL" title="XUL">XUL</a> documents, most XPCOM objects are not accessible by the scripts as they have limited privileges due to security reasons. Even if they are accessible (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a> object), the usual security restrictions can also be found (e.g. cannot open <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URLs</a> of other <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domains</a>). </p><p>Mozilla was already using XPCOM to define the <a href="/wiki/Protocol_(object-oriented_programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (object-oriented programming)">interfaces</a> to many objects implemented in C++. Each interface was defined by an <a href="/wiki/Interface_description_language" title="Interface description language">IDL</a> file, and run through an IDL compiler that produced header files and a language-neutral type library that was a binary representation of the interface. This binary described the interface, the methods, the parameters, the data structures and <a href="/wiki/Enumeration_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enumeration (programming)">enumerations</a>. </p><p>XPConnect uses the type library information to marshal calls between different thread contexts and between JavaScript and natively compiled C++. XPConnect is used extensively throughout Mozilla. Starting with Netscape 6.1 and Mozilla 0.9.2, NPAPI was extended, so that a plugin could return a scriptable interface to itself and XPConnect would marshal calls to it from JavaScript and the C++ implementation. </p><p>XPConnect has no Java dependency. However, the technology is based on XPCOM. Thus the plugin developer must be familiar with <a href="/wiki/Reference_counting" title="Reference counting">reference counting</a>, interfaces and IDL to implement scripting. The dependency on XPCOM led to certain dynamic linking issues (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Fragile_base_class" title="Fragile base class">fragile base class</a> problem) which had to be solved before the plugin would work correctly with different browsers. XPCOM has since been changed to supply a statically linked version to address such issues. This approach also requires an .xpt file to be installed next to the <a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">dynamic-link library</a> (DLL); otherwise the plugin appears to work, but the scripting does not, causing confusion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NPRuntime">NPRuntime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: NPRuntime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the end of 2004, all major browser companies using NPAPI agreed on NPRuntime<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an extension to the original NPAPI to supply scripting, via an API that is similar in style to the old C-style NPAPI and is independent of other browser technologies like Java or XPCOM. It is only supported by Firefox ESR (Extended Support Release) and <a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support">Support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the age of the API, security issues, and adoption of alternative technologies such as <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, many software vendors began to phase out NPAPI support in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ars-nopluginjdk9_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ars-nopluginjdk9-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer">Internet Explorer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> versions 3 through 5.5 SP2 supported NPAPI, allowing plugins that functioned in Netscape Navigator to function in Internet Explorer. Support came via a small <a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a> control (named "<code>plugin.ocx</code>") that acted as a <a href="/wiki/Shim_(computing)" title="Shim (computing)">shim</a> between ActiveX and the NPAPI plugin. Microsoft dropped support in version 5.5 SP2 onwards for security reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-kb303401_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kb303401-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-giannandrea_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giannandrea-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kb306790_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kb306790-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Google_Chrome">Google Chrome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Google Chrome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> permanently dropped all NPAPI support from all platforms in September 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2013, Google announced that it would phase out NPAPI support in its Google Chrome browser during 2014, stating that "[its] 90s-era architecture has become a leading cause of hangs, crashes, security incidents, and code complexity".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2014, NPAPI support was removed from the <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> version of Chrome 35 and later.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2015, Chrome for <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">OS X</a> (versions 42 and later) disabled NPAPI support by default. However, until September 2015 (version 45), users could re-enable NPAPI.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera">Opera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> dropped support with version 37 in May 2016.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firefox">Firefox</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Firefox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mozilla <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> release 52.0 in March 2017 removed all support for NPAPI except for Flash.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fxsitecompat-npapiphaseout_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fxsitecompat-npapiphaseout-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the ESR channel retained general support for this feature with version 52 ESR being the last NPAPI resort. Firefox 69.0 disabled the Flash NPAPI by default.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Firefox 85.0, released in January 2021, NPAPI support was completely removed.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the ESR channel, support for Flash NPAPI ended with version 78.15.0, released in October 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safari">Safari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Safari"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> has dropped support for all NPAPI plugins except for Flash with version 12 released in September 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flash support has been removed from Safari 14, released in September 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: SeaMonkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stopped supporting NPAPI plugins from version 2.53.1, with the exception of Flash. NPAPI support was completely removed in SeaMonkey 2.53.7, released in March 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_2">Support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following list of <a href="/wiki/Web_browsers" class="mw-redirect" title="Web browsers">web browsers</a> support all NPAPI plugins: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360_Secure_Browser" title="360 Secure Browser">360 Secure Browser</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">360安全浏览器</span>) or 360 Extreme Explorer (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">360极速浏览器</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_(web_browser)" title="Basilisk (web browser)">Basilisk</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Goanna_(software)" title="Goanna (software)">Goanna</a> engine)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pale Moon (web browser)">Pale Moon</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Pale Moon future <a href="/wiki/Technology_roadmap" title="Technology roadmap">roadmap</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbl" title="Uzbl">Uzbl</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_technologies">Similar technologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Similar technologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ActiveX">ActiveX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: ActiveX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></div><p>Internet Explorer and <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_shell" title="Internet Explorer shell">browsers based on Internet Explorer</a> use ActiveX controls, ActiveX documents and ActiveX scripting to offer in-page extensibility on par with NPAPI. Although commonly associated with Internet Explorer, ActiveX is integration technology that allows any computer program to integrate parts of other computer programs that support such integration.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet Explorer, however, is discontinued and its replacement, Microsoft Edge, does not support ActiveX. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PPAPI">PPAPI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: PPAPI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">Google Native Client § Pepper</a></div> <p>On 12 August 2009 a page on Google Code<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> introduced a new project called Pepper, with the associated Pepper Plugin API (PPAPI);<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PPAPI is a derivative of NPAPI aimed to make plugins more portable and more secure.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This extension is designed specifically to ease the implementation of out-of-<a href="/wiki/Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">process</a> plugin execution. </p><p>PPAPI was initially only supported by Google Chrome and <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a>. Later, other Chromium-based browsers such as <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi</a> added PPAPI plugin support. </p><p>In February 2012 <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a> announced that future Linux versions of Adobe Flash Player would be provided only via PPAPI. The previous release, Flash Player 11.2, with NPAPI support, would receive security updates for five years.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2016 Adobe announced that, contrary to their previous statement, it would again support the NPAPI Flash Player on Linux and keep releasing new versions of it.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2020, Google announced that support for PPAPI would be removed from Google Chrome and Chromium in June 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Netscape Server Application Programming Interface">Netscape Server Application Programming Interface</a> (NSAPI)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-theend-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theend_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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(2006). <i>JavaScript: the Definitive Guide.</i> O'Reilly, Sebastopol, California.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For technical details, see the Mozilla <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/LiveConnect">Developer Documentation on LiveConnect</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514230621/http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/LiveConnect">Archived</a> 2008-05-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=442399">"442399 – remove LiveConnect from the tree"</a>. <i>mozilla.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mozilla.org&rft.atitle=442399+%E2%80%93+remove+LiveConnect+from+the+tree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D442399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=517355">"517355 – Restore OJI, Liveconnect and the JEP on the 1.9.2 branch on OS X"</a>. <i>mozilla.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mozilla.org&rft.atitle=517355+%E2%80%93+Restore+OJI%2C+Liveconnect+and+the+JEP+on+the+1.9.2+branch+on+OS+X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D517355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://java.sun.com/javase/6/webnotes/6u10/plugin2/liveconnect/">"Release Notes for the Next-Generation Java™ Plug-In Technology (introduced in Java SE 6 update 10)"</a>. <i>sun.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sun.com&rft.atitle=Release+Notes+for+the+Next-Generation+Java%E2%84%A2+Plug-In+Technology+%28introduced+in+Java+SE+6+update+10%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjava.sun.com%2Fjavase%2F6%2Fwebnotes%2F6u10%2Fplugin2%2Fliveconnect%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081118110930/https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Gecko_Plugin_API_Reference/Scripting_plugins">"Scripting plugins"</a>. <i>Mozilla Developer Network</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Firefox+Site+Compatibility&rft.atitle=Firefox+dropping+NPAPI+plugins+by+the+end+of+2016%E2%80%94except+for+Flash&rft.date=2016-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fxsitecompat.com%2Fen-CA%2Fdocs%2F2016%2Fplug-in-support-has-been-dropped-other-than-flash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307050159/https://support.mozilla.org/t5/Problems-with-add-ons-plugins-or/Why-do-Java-Silverlight-Adobe-Acrobat-and-other-plugins-no/ta-p/31069">"Why do Java, Silverlight, Adobe Acrobat and other plugins no longer work?"</a>. <i>Mozilla support</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.mozilla.org/t5/Problems-with-add-ons-plugins-or/Why-do-Java-Silverlight-Adobe-Acrobat-and-other-plugins-no/ta-p/31069">the original</a> on 2017-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mozilla+support&rft.atitle=Why+do+Java%2C+Silverlight%2C+Adobe+Acrobat+and+other+plugins+no+longer+work%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.mozilla.org%2Ft5%2FProblems-with-add-ons-plugins-or%2FWhy-do-Java-Silverlight-Adobe-Acrobat-and-other-plugins-no%2Fta-p%2F31069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1519434">"1519434 - Disable Flash support by default in Firefox 69"</a>. <i>bugzilla.mozilla.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bugzilla.mozilla.org&rft.atitle=1519434+-+Disable+Flash+support+by+default+in+Firefox+69&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D1519434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Plugins/Roadmap">"Plugin Roadmap for Firefox - Plugins"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MDN_Web_Docs" title="MDN Web Docs">MDN Web Docs</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MDN+Web+Docs&rft.atitle=Plugin+Roadmap+for+Firefox+-+Plugins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FPlugins%2FRoadmap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Mathies2020" class="citation web cs1">Jim Mathies (13 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/g/mozilla.dev.platform/c/NsdReYslBU4">"Removal of NPAPI plugin support in Firefox 85"</a>. <i>mozilla.dev.platform (via Google Groups)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mozilla.dev.platform+%28via+Google+Groups%29&rft.atitle=Removal+of+NPAPI+plugin+support+in+Firefox+85&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.au=Jim+Mathies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fg%2Fmozilla.dev.platform%2Fc%2FNsdReYslBU4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121102341/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Plugins/Roadmap">"Plugin Roadmap for Firefox"</a>. <i>MDN</i>. 19 January 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Plugins/Roadmap">the original</a> on 21 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MDN&rft.atitle=Plugin+Roadmap+for+Firefox&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FPlugins%2FRoadmap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/firefox-enterprise-91-release-notes">"Firefox for Enterprise 91 - Release notes | Firefox for Enterprise Help"</a>. <i>support.mozilla.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.mozilla.org&rft.atitle=Firefox+for+Enterprise+91+-+Release+notes+%7C+Firefox+for+Enterprise+Help&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fkb%2Ffirefox-enterprise-91-release-notes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/78.15.0/releasenotes/">"Firefox ESR 78.15.0, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes"</a>. <i>Mozilla</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mozilla&rft.atitle=Firefox+ESR+78.15.0%2C+See+All+New+Features%2C+Updates+and+Fixes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Ffirefox%2F78.15.0%2Freleasenotes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClover2018" class="citation web cs1">Clover, Juli (September 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macrumors.com/2018/09/17/apple-releases-safari-12-macos-high-sierra/">"Apple Releases Safari 12 for macOS Sierra and macOS High Sierra"</a>. <i>MacRumors</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacRumors&rft.atitle=Apple+Releases+Safari+12+for+macOS+Sierra+and+macOS+High+Sierra&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft.aulast=Clover&rft.aufirst=Juli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macrumors.com%2F2018%2F09%2F17%2Fapple-releases-safari-12-macos-high-sierra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safari-release-notes/safari-14-release-notes">"Safari 14 Release Notes"</a>. <i>Apple Developer Documentation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+Developer+Documentation&rft.atitle=Safari+14+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Fdocumentation%2Fsafari-release-notes%2Fsafari-14-release-notes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seamonkey-project.org/doc/npapi">"Why do Oracle Java, Microsoft Silverlight, Adobe Acrobat Reader and other plugins no longer work?"</a> <i>NPAPI plugins</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seamonkey-project.org/releases/seamonkey2.53.7/">"SeaMonkey 2.53.7 Release Notes"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SeaMonkey+2.53.7+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seamonkey-project.org%2Freleases%2Fseamonkey2.53.7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open.se.360.cn/open/extension_dev/npapi.html">"NPAPI 是重型武器，当别的方法无法到达你的目的时，才建议使用。"</a>. <i>NPAPI 插件.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.basilisk-browser.org/features.shtml">"Support for all NPAPI plugins (Unity, Silverlight, Flash, Java, authentication plugins, etc.)"</a>. <i>Basilisk features.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kmeleonbrowser.org/wiki/ThirdPartyPlugins">"Most third-party plug-ins designed for Mozilla/Netscape will also work with K-Meleon"</a>.<i>Third party plugins.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?19,147947">"Load all NPAPI-Plugins, Java, Silverlight, etc."</a> <i>K-Meleon Hybrid (Goanna over Pro).</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palemoon.org/technical.shtml">Full and ongoing support for NPAPI plugins (Java, Silverlight, etc.)</a>". <i>Pale Moon: Technical Details</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palemoon.org/roadmap.shtml">"Pale Moon supports NPAPI plug-ins. Unlike Firefox, we will not be deprecating or removing support for these kinds of plug-ins"</a>. <i>Pale Moon future roadmap.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uzbl.org/faq.php">"We use the NPAPI plugin architecture (just like Mozilla) so just install the plugins normally, and things should work"</a>. <i>Uzbl FAQ.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/154544">"Description of ActiveX Technologies"</a>. <i>Support</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 19 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Support&rft.atitle=Description+of+ActiveX+Technologies&rft.date=2007-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fkb%2F154544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100702000807/http://code.google.com/p/ppapi/">"ppapi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Code">Google Code</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/ppapi/">the original</a> on 2010-07-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Code&rft.atitle=ppapi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcode.google.com%2Fp%2Fppapi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chromium.org/nativeclient/getting-started/getting-started-background-and-basics#TOC-Pepper-Plugin-API-PPAPI-">"Getting Started: Background and Basics – The Chromium Projects"</a>. <i>chromium.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chromium.org&rft.atitle=Getting+Started%3A+Background+and+Basics+%E2%80%93+The+Chromium+Projects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chromium.org%2Fnativeclient%2Fgetting-started%2Fgetting-started-background-and-basics%23TOC-Pepper-Plugin-API-PPAPI-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/ppapi/wiki/Concepts">"Concepts - ppapi - Important concepts for working with PPAPI. - Pepper Plugin API – Google Project Hosting"</a>. <i>google.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=google.com&rft.atitle=Concepts+-+ppapi+-+Important+concepts+for+working+with+PPAPI.+-+Pepper+Plugin+API+%E2%80%93+Google+Project+Hosting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcode.google.com%2Fp%2Fppapi%2Fwiki%2FConcepts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223062713/http://blogs.adobe.com/flashplayer/2012/02/adobe-and-google-partnering-for-flash-player-on-linux.html">"Adobe and Google Partnering for Flash Player on Linux"</a>. <i>adobe.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.adobe.com/flashplayer/2012/02/adobe-and-google-partnering-for-flash-player-on-linux.html">the original</a> on 2012-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adobe.com&rft.atitle=Adobe+and+Google+Partnering+for+Flash+Player+on+Linux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.adobe.com%2Fflashplayer%2F2012%2F02%2Fadobe-and-google-partnering-for-flash-player-on-linux.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2016" class="citation web cs1">Campbell, Chris (31 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.adobe.com/flashplayer/2016/08/beta-news-flash-player-npapi-for-linux.html">"Beta News – Flash Player NPAPI for Linux"</a>. <i>Adobe AIR and Adobe Flash Player Team Blog</i>. Adobe Systems<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adobe+AIR+and+Adobe+Flash+Player+Team+Blog&rft.atitle=Beta+News+%E2%80%93+Flash+Player+NPAPI+for+Linux&rft.date=2016-08-31&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.adobe.com%2Fflashplayer%2F2016%2F08%2Fbeta-news-flash-player-npapi-for-linux.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Laforge2020" class="citation web cs1">Anthony Laforge (August 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.chromium.org/2020/08/changes-to-chrome-app-support-timeline.html">"Changes to the Chrome App Support Timeline"</a>. <i>Chromium Blog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chromium+Blog&rft.atitle=Changes+to+the+Chrome+App+Support+Timeline&rft.date=2020-08-10&rft.au=Anthony+Laforge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.chromium.org%2F2020%2F08%2Fchanges-to-chrome-app-support-timeline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPAPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPAPI&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Plugins">Plugin development documentation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120803092052/https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Plugins">Archived</a> 2012-08-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on Mozilla Developer Center, including the NPAPI API</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozilla.org/projects/plugins/plugin-host-control.html">An ActiveX control that hosts plugins</a> – a replacement for plugin.ocx that was removed from Internet Explorer.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1015194M/Programming_Netscape_plug-ins_Zan_Oliphant.">Book on Programming Netscape Plug-Ins by Zan Oliphant</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/nixysa/">Nixysa: A glue code generation framework for NPAPI plugins. Apache 2.0 license.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npapi.com/tutorial">NPAPI Tutorial <i>Building a Firefox Plugin</i></a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npapi.com/tutorial2">Part two</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npapi.com/tutorial3">Part three</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npapi.com/tutorial4">Part four</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906115517/https://dev.opera.com/extensions/tut_npapi.html"><i>Opera 15+ extensions documentation</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/2" title="HTTP/2">v2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">v3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">CGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Simple Common Gateway Interface">SCGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastCGI" title="FastCGI">FCGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_JServ_Protocol" title="Apache JServ Protocol">AJP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Services_for_Remote_Portlets" title="Web Services for Remote Portlets">WSRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server_application_programming_interface" title="Server application programming interface">Server APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Netscape Server Application Programming Interface">C NSAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server#Feature_overview" title="Apache HTTP Server">C ASAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Internet Server Application Programming Interface">C ISAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">COM ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Servlet" title="Jakarta Servlet">Jakarta Servlet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_container" title="Web container">container</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web_Interface_for_.NET" title="Open Web Interface for .NET">CLI OWIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_handler" title="HTTP handler">ASP.NET Handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Web Server Gateway Interface">Python WSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">Python ASGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rack_(web_server_interface)" title="Rack (web server interface)">Ruby Rack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSGI" title="JSGI">JavaScript JSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plack_(software)#PSGI" title="Plack (software)">Perl PSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">Portlet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">container</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apache_modules" title="List of Apache modules">Apache modules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Server_Side_Includes" title="Server Side Includes">mod_include</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_jk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod jk">mod_jk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_lisp" title="Mod lisp">mod_lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_mono" title="Mod mono">mod_mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_parrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod parrot">mod_parrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_perl" title="Mod perl">mod_perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">mod_php</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_proxy" title="Mod proxy">mod_proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_python" title="Mod python">mod_python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_wsgi" title="Mod wsgi">mod_wsgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_ruby" title="Mod ruby">mod_ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phusion_Passenger" title="Phusion Passenger">Phusion Passenger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">Web service</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Web_resource" title="Web resource">Web resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web-oriented_architecture" title="Web-oriented architecture">WOA</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Resource-oriented_architecture" title="Resource-oriented architecture">ROA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_API" title="Open API">Open API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webhook" title="Webhook">Webhook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_server" title="Application server">Application server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_application_servers" title="List of application servers">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">Scripting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Client-side"><a href="/wiki/Client-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side">Client-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">Browser APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C NPAPI</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#LiveConnect">LiveConnect</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#XPConnect">XPConnect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#NPRuntime">C NPRuntime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">C PPAPI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client" title="Google Native Client">NaCl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">BHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAML_Browser_Applications" title="XAML Browser Applications">XBAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_API#Client_side" title="Web API">Web APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML_audio" title="HTML audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">Canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server-sent_events" title="Server-sent events">SSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Messaging" title="Web Messaging">Web messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_worker" title="Web worker">Web worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOM_event" title="DOM event">DOM events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML5_File_API" title="HTML5 File API">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAuthn" title="WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_SQL_Database" title="Web SQL Database">Web SQL Database</a> (formerly W3C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebUSB" title="WebUSB">WebUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_(programming)" title="Ajax (programming)">Ajax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remote_scripting" title="Remote scripting">Remote scripting</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">DHTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Browser extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing" title="Cross-origin resource sharing">CORS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydration_(web_development)" title="Hydration (web development)">Hydration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)" title="Mashup (web application hybrid)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client-side_persistent_data" title="Client-side persistent data">Persistent data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_IDL" title="Web IDL">Web IDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_web_page#Client-side_scripting" title="Dynamic web page">Scripting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics">Related topics</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontend_and_backend" title="Frontend and backend">Frontend and backend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microservices" title="Microservices">Microservices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REST" title="REST">REST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphQL" title="GraphQL">GraphQL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_technology" title="Push 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