CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Prave ose - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )slwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy full","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","marec","april","maj","junij","julij","avgust","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"bcae5ddd-c32d-4e6b-839a-74050851f1b9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Prave_ose","wgTitle":"Prave ose","wgCurRevisionId":5350912,"wgRevisionId":5350912,"wgArticleId":350343,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji BNF","Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji GND","Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji J9U","Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji LCCN","Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji NKC","Vsi škrbinski članki","Škrbine o žuželkah","Prave ose","Ozkopase ose","Taksoni, opisani leta 1802"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sl","wgPageContentLanguage":"sl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Prave_ose", "wgRelevantArticleId":350343,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7037230","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.CommonsDirekt","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg/1200px-Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg/800px-Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg/640px-Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Prave ose - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prave_ose"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Uredi" href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedija (sl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prave_ose"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom-vir strani »Wikipedija«" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:ZadnjeSpremembe&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Prave_ose rootpage-Prave_ose skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pojdi na vsebino</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Glavni meni" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Glavni meni</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Glavni meni</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glavna_stran" title="Obiščite glavno stran [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Glavna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod"><span>Naučite se urejati</span></a></li><li id="n-Izbrani-članki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Izbrani_%C4%8Dlanki"><span>Izbrani članki</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Naklju%C4%8Dno" title="Naložite naključno stran [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Naključna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:ZadnjeSpremembe" title="Seznam zadnjih sprememb Wikipedije [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Zadnje spremembe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-obcestvo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-obcestvo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skupnost </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Vsebina" title="Kraj, kjer lahko prejmete pomoč"><span>Pomoč</span></a></li><li id="n-Pod-lipo" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Pod_lipo"><span>Pod lipo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Portal_skupnosti" title="O projektu, kaj lahko storite, kje lahko kaj najdete"><span>Portal skupnosti</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Stik_z_nami"><span>Stik z nami</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Glavna_stran" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sl.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="prosta enciklopedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sl.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Iskanje" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Preiščite viki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Iskanje</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Iskanje v Wikipediji" aria-label="Iskanje v Wikipediji" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Preiščite viki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Iskanje"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Išči</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osebna orodja"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Videz" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Videz</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl" class=""><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Prave+ose" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno." class=""><span>Ustvari račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Prave+ose" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijava</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Več možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osebna orodja" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osebna orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uporabniški meni" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl"><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Prave+ose" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Ustvari račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Prave+ose" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijava</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strani za neprijavljene urejevalce <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod" aria-label="Več o urejanju"><span>več o tem</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojiPrispevki" title="Seznam urejanj s tega IP-naslova [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojPogovor" title="Pogovor o urejanjih s tega IP-naslova [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pogovorna stran</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Vsebina" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sklici_in_opombe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sklici_in_opombe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sklici in opombe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sklici_in_opombe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Vsebina" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vklopi kazalo vsebine" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prave ose</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 57 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 jezikov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdebye" title="Perdebye – afrikanščina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Perdebye" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – aragonščina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9)" title="زنبورية (فصيلة) – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زنبورية (فصيلة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – asturijščina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сапраўдныя восы – beloruščina" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сапраўдныя восы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="beloruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Оси – bolgarščina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8spids" title="Vèspids – katalonščina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vèspids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – sebuanščina" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – korziščina" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korziščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C5%A1%C5%88ovit%C3%AD" title="Sršňovití – češčina" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sršňovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedehamse" title="Gedehamse – danščina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gedehamse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faltenwespen" title="Faltenwespen – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Faltenwespen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespedoj" title="Vespedoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vespedoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltherilased" title="Voltherilased – estonščina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Voltherilased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – baskovščina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زنبوران – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زنبوران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampiaiset" title="Ampiaiset – finščina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ampiaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wespen" title="Wespen – severna frizijščina" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wespen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severna frizijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9spidos" title="Véspidos – galicijščina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Véspidos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ose" title="Ose – hrvaščina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ose" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%C5%91ssz%C3%A1rny%C3%BA_darazsak" title="Redősszárnyú darazsak – madžarščina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Redősszárnyú darazsak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="madžarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Ювмоза – inguščina" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ювмоза" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A1%E3%83%90%E3%83%81%E7%A7%91" title="スズメバチ科 – japonščina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スズメバチ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კრაზანისებრნი – gruzijščina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კრაზანისებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Қағаз аралары – kazaščina" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қағаз аралары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%B2%8C%EA%B3%BC" title="말벌과 – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말벌과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – latinščina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falenharespelen" title="Falenharespelen – luksemburščina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Falenharespelen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klostin%C4%97s_vapsvos" title="Klostinės vapsvos – litovščina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klostinės vapsvos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapse%C5%86u_dzimta" title="Lapseņu dzimta – latvijščina" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lapseņu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – makedonščina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wespe" title="Wespe – nizka saščina" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Wespe" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nizka saščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plooivleugelwespen" title="Plooivleugelwespen – nizozemščina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Plooivleugelwespen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stikkevepser" title="Stikkevepser – knjižna norveščina" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stikkevepser" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="knjižna norveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osowate" title="Osowate – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – romunščina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Настоящие осы – ruščina" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Настоящие осы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espe" title="Espe – sardinščina" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Espe" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C5%A1%C5%88ovit%C3%A9" title="Sršňovité – slovaščina" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sršňovité" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%A4ps%C3%A1h" title="Viäpsáh – inarska samijščina" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Viäpsáh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inarska samijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82)" title="Оса (инсект) – srbščina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оса (инсект)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ngang" title="Éngang – sundanščina" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Éngang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getingar" title="Getingar – švedščina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Getingar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87" title="வெசுபிடே – tamilščina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெசுபிடே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – turščina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Справжні оси – ukrajinščina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Справжні оси" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – vietnamščina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plooivleugelwespn" title="Plooivleugelwespn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Plooivleugelwespn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" title="Vespidae – varajščina" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vespidae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%9C%82%E7%A7%91" title="胡蜂科 – kitajščina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胡蜂科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3%CD%98-th%C3%A2u-phang_Kho" title="Hó͘-thâu-phang Kho – min nan kitajščina" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hó͘-thâu-phang Kho" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%9C%82%E7%A7%91" title="胡蜂科 – kantonščina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="胡蜂科" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7037230#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi medjezikovne povezave" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi povezave</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Prave_ose" title="Ogled vsebinske strani [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogovor:Prave_ose&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pogovor o vsebinski strani (stran ne obstaja) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pogovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Spremeni različico jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenščina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Prave_ose"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&action=history" title="Prejšnje redakcije te strani [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Orodja" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Orodja</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Več možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dejanja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Prave_ose"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&action=history"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Splošno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:KajSePovezujeSem/Prave_ose" title="Seznam vseh strani, ki se povezujejo sem [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Kaj se povezuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:RecentChangesLinked/Prave_ose" rel="nofollow" title="Zadnje spremembe na straneh, s katerimi se povezuje ta stran [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane spremembe</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:PosebneStrani" title="Seznam vseh posebnih strani [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne strani</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&oldid=5350912" title="Trajna povezava na to redakcijo strani"><span>Trajna povezava</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&action=info" title="Več informacij o tej strani"><span>Podatki o strani</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Navedi&page=Prave_ose&id=5350912&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tem, kako navajati to stran"><span>Navedba članka</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPrave_ose"><span>Pridobi skrajšani URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPrave_ose"><span>Prenesi kodo QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tiskanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Prave+ose"><span>Ustvari e-knjigo</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Prave_ose&action=show-download-screen"><span>Prenesi kot PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&printable=yes" title="Različica te strani za tisk [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Različica za tisk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V drugih projektih </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vespidae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedijina zbirka</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vespidae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivrste</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7037230" title="Povezava na ustrezni predmet v podatkovni shrambi [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Predmet v Wikipodatkih</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Videz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biota" style="text-align:center; padding:2.5px; width:230px;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:#FFC0CB;">Prave ose </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg/250px-Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg/375px-Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg/500px-Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1467" /></a></span><br /><small><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Nem%C5%A1ka_osa" title="Nemška osa">nemška osa</a> (<i>Vespula germanica</i>)</div></small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:#FFC0CB;"><a href="/wiki/Znanstvena_klasifikacija_%C5%BEivih_bitij" title="Znanstvena klasifikacija živih bitij">Znanstvena klasifikacija</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; background:transparent;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td>Kraljestvo: </td> <td><span class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> (živali)</span><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Deblo: </td> <td><span class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a> (členonožci)</span><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Razred: </td> <td><span class="taxoclass"><a href="/wiki/Insecta" class="mw-redirect" title="Insecta">Insecta</a> (žuželke)</span><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Red: </td> <td><span class="order"><a href="/wiki/Hymenoptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymenoptera">Hymenoptera</a> (kožekrilci)</span><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Podred: </td> <td><span class="suborder"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocrita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apocrita (stran ne obstaja)">Apocrita</a> (ozkopase ose)</span><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Naddružina: </td> <td><span class="superfamily"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vespoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vespoidea (stran ne obstaja)">Vespoidea</a></span><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Družina: </td> <td><span class="family"><b>Vespidae</b></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a>, 1802</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFC0CB;"> <th>Poddružine </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 .5em; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lon%C4%8Darke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lončarke (stran ne obstaja)">lončarke</a> (Eumeninae)<br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euparagiinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euparagiinae (stran ne obstaja)">Euparagiinae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masarinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masarinae (stran ne obstaja)">Masarinae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polistinae (stran ne obstaja)">Polistinae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenogastrinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stenogastrinae (stran ne obstaja)">Stenogastrinae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dru%C5%BEbene_ose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Družbene ose (stran ne obstaja)">družbene ose</a> (Vespinae) </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Prave ose</b> (<a href="/wiki/Znanstvena_klasifikacija_%C5%BEivih_bitij" title="Znanstvena klasifikacija živih bitij">znanstveno ime</a> <b>Vespidae</b>) so velika <a href="/wiki/Dru%C5%BEina_(biologija)" title="Družina (biologija)">družina</a> <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%BEekrilci" title="Kožekrilci">kožekrilcev</a>, ki združuje nekaj najbolj znanih predstavnikov os, kot sta <a href="/wiki/Navadna_osa" title="Navadna osa">navadna osa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sr%C5%A1en" title="Sršen">sršen</a>, skupno pa vanjo uvrščamo preko 5.000 <a href="/wiki/Vrsta_(biologija)" title="Vrsta (biologija)">vrst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pickett2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pickett2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Večinoma so črno-rumene <a href="/wiki/Aposematizem" title="Aposematizem">svarilne barve</a>, saj imajo samice razvito <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Želo (stran ne obstaja)">želo</a>, povezano s strupnimi žlezami. Ozka <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDu%C5%BEel%C4%8Dje_krilo" title="Žuželčje krilo">krila</a> večinoma zlagajo vzdolžno ob telesu med mirovanjem, najzanesljivejši <a href="/wiki/Taksonomija" title="Taksonomija">taksonomski</a> znak je t. i. diskalna celica na njih, membranast del med žilami v sredini krila, ki je pri pravih osah velika, dolga približno polovico dolžine krila. Poleg tega je značilen še zadnji rob prvega člena <a href="/wiki/Oprsje" title="Oprsje">oprsja</a> (<i>pronotuma</i>), ki je v obliki črke »U«.<sup id="cite_ref-Eent_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skupina je najbolj znana po socialnih vrstah, čeprav predstavljajo le kakšno petino vseh pravih os.<sup id="cite_ref-Pickett2010_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pickett2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So <a href="/wiki/Evsocialnost" title="Evsocialnost">evsocialne</a>, kar pomeni, da družno skrbijo za zarod in v kolonijah izvajajo delitev dela med reproduktivnimi ter nereproduktvinimi osebki (»delavkami«). Evsocialne so vse predstavnice <a href="/wiki/Poddru%C5%BEina_(biologija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poddružina (biologija)">poddružin</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polistinae (stran ne obstaja)">Polistinae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vespinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vespinae (stran ne obstaja)">Vespinae</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenogastrinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stenogastrinae (stran ne obstaja)">Stenogastrinae</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Eent_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pri čemer je v slednji opazen gradient socialnega vedenja, z bolj ali manj začasno delitvijo dela v času razmnoževanja.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Predstavnice ostalih poddružin so samotarske. Iz tega sklepajo, da se je evsocialnost pri pravih osah razvila samo enkrat v <a href="/wiki/Evolucija" title="Evolucija">evolucijski</a> zgodovini skupine, kar podpirajo <a href="/wiki/Molekularna_biologija" title="Molekularna biologija">molekularni</a> in drugi znaki.<sup id="cite_ref-Pickett2010_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pickett2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Družbene ose (Vespinae) gradijo večnadstropna gnezda (osirje) iz <a href="/wiki/Papir" title="Papir">papirju</a> podobnega materiala, podobno tudi predstavnice družine Polistinae, kjer je gnezdo iz ene vodoravne plasti celic, obešene na ozkem peclju. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lon%C4%8Darke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lončarke (stran ne obstaja)">Lončarke</a> (Eumeninae) gradijo vrčasta gnezda iz blata.<sup id="cite_ref-Eent_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sklici_in_opombe">Sklici in opombe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Sklici in opombe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&action=edit&section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Sklici in opombe"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pickett2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pickett2010_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pickett2010_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pickett2010_1-2">1,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5980307">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«""›""‹"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPickett,_Kurt_M.Carpenter,_James_M.2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Pickett, Kurt M.; Carpenter, James M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/arthropodsystematics/asp_68_1/68_1_pickett_3-33.pdf">»Simultaneous Analysis and the Origin of Eusociality in the Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera)«</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny</i>. Zv. 68, št. 1. str. 3–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Arthropod+Systematics+%26+Phylogeny&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+Analysis+and+the+Origin+of+Eusociality+in+the+Vespidae+%28Insecta%3A+Hymenoptera%29&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-33&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Pickett%2C+Kurt+M.&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+James+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senckenberg.de%2Ffiles%2Fcontent%2Fforschung%2Fpublikationen%2Farthropodsystematics%2Fasp_68_1%2F68_1_pickett_3-33.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3APrave+ose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eent-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Eent_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Eent_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Eent_2-2">2,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFGuptra,_Virendra_K.2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Guptra, Virendra K. (2008). »Wasps, Ants, Bees and Sawflies (Hymenoptera)«. V Capinera, John L. (ur.). <i>Encyclopedia of Entomology</i> (2. izd.). <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. str. 4151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-4020-6242-1" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-4020-6242-1"><bdi>978-1-4020-6242-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knji%C5%BEni+predmet&rft.atitle=Wasps%2C+Ants%2C+Bees+and+Sawflies+%28Hymenoptera%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Entomology&rft.pages=4151&rft.edition=2.&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-6242-1&rft.au=Guptra%2C+Virendra+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3APrave+ose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFRoss,_Kenneth_G.Matthews,_Robert_W.1991" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Kenneth G.; Matthews, Robert W. (1991). <i>The Social Biology of Wasps</i>. Cornell University Press. str. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/0801499062" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/0801499062"><bdi>0801499062</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=The+Social+Biology+of+Wasps&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0801499062&rft.au=Ross%2C+Kenneth+G.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Robert+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3APrave+ose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Normativna_kontrola" title="Wikipedija:Normativna kontrola">Normativna kontrola: Narodne knjižnice</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7037230#identifiers" title="Uredite to na Wikipodatkih"><img alt="Uredite to na Wikipodatkih" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12370428w">Francija</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12370428w">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4153641-1">Nemčija</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536678905171">Izrael</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85142942">ZDA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph449178&CON_LNG=ENG">Češka republika</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5570670">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Abeille-bee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Abeille-bee.svg/32px-Abeille-bee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Abeille-bee.svg/48px-Abeille-bee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Abeille-bee.svg/64px-Abeille-bee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Ta članek o <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDu%C5%BEelke" title="Žuželke">žuželkah</a> je <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:%C5%A0krbina" title="Wikipedija:Škrbina">škrbina</a>. Pomagajte Wikipediji in ga <a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&action=edit">razširite</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5911192">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/wiki/Predloga:%C5%A0krbina-%C5%BEu%C5%BEelka" title="Predloga:Škrbina-žuželka"><abbr title="Prikaži to predlogo">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-pogovor"><a href="/wiki/Pogovor_o_predlogi:%C5%A0krbina-%C5%BEu%C5%BEelka" title="Pogovor o predlogi:Škrbina-žuželka"><abbr title="Pogovor o tej predlogi">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predloga:%C5%A0krbina-%C5%BEu%C5%BEelka&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredi to predlogo">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pridobljeno iz »<a dir="ltr" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&oldid=5350912">https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&oldid=5350912</a>«</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Prave_ose" title="Kategorija:Prave ose">Prave ose</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Ozkopase_ose" title="Kategorija:Ozkopase ose">Ozkopase ose</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Taksoni,_opisani_leta_1802" title="Kategorija:Taksoni, opisani leta 1802">Taksoni, opisani leta 1802</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrite kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Wikipedijini_%C4%8Dlanki_z_identifikatorji_BNF" title="Kategorija:Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji BNF">Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Wikipedijini_%C4%8Dlanki_z_identifikatorji_GND" title="Kategorija:Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji GND">Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Wikipedijini_%C4%8Dlanki_z_identifikatorji_J9U" title="Kategorija:Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji J9U">Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Wikipedijini_%C4%8Dlanki_z_identifikatorji_LCCN" title="Kategorija:Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji LCCN">Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Wikipedijini_%C4%8Dlanki_z_identifikatorji_NKC" title="Kategorija:Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji NKC">Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Vsi_%C5%A1krbinski_%C4%8Dlanki" title="Kategorija:Vsi škrbinski članki">Vsi škrbinski članki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C5%A0krbine_o_%C5%BEu%C5%BEelkah" title="Kategorija:Škrbine o žuželkah">Škrbine o žuželkah</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Čas zadnje spremembe strani: 16:10, 22. julij 2020.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Besedilo se sme prosto uporabljati v skladu z dovoljenjem <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 4.0</a>; uveljavljajo se lahko dodatni pogoji. Za podrobnosti glej <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Pogoje uporabe</a>.<br /> Wikipedia® je tržna znamka neprofitne organizacije <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation Inc.</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pravilnik o zasebnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:O_Wikipediji">O Wikipediji</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Splo%C5%A1na_zavrnitev_odgovornosti">Zavrnitve odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ravnanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Razvijalci</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sl.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">O piškotkih</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prave_ose&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilni prikaz</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5ddd465f49-w5vmw","wgBackendResponseTime":216,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.272","walltime":"0.450","ppvisitednodes":{"value":729,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":16165,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1249,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11076,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 293.306 1 -total"," 51.02% 149.631 1 Predloga:Opombe"," 36.79% 107.910 1 Predloga:Navedi_revijo"," 19.08% 55.957 1 Predloga:Normativna_kontrola"," 17.44% 51.157 1 Predloga:Insect-stub"," 15.46% 45.346 1 Predloga:Asbox"," 10.63% 31.166 1 Predloga:Taksonomka"," 4.93% 14.461 1 Predloga:Navedi_enciklopedijo"," 3.18% 9.324 1 Predloga:Navedi_knjigo"," 2.07% 6.070 10 Predloga:Taksonomka_barva"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.159","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3755065,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-568dbbbfd9-2pm9k","timestamp":"20241110163520","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Prave ose","url":"https:\/\/sl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prave_ose","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7037230","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7037230","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Sodelavci projektov Wikimedie"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-03-12T17:35:54Z","dateModified":"2020-07-22T15:10:13Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/08\/Vespula_germanica_Horizontalview_Richard_Bartz.jpg","headline":"dru\u017eina \u017eu\u017eelk v redu Hymenoptera (ko\u017eekrilci)"}</script> </body> </html>