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src="local/cache-vignettes/L186xH186/auton547-812c8.png?1711361319" class='spip_logo spip_logo_auteur spip_logos' width='186' height='186' alt="" itemprop='image' /> <div class="social-links"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jean-louis-fourgoux-923b4817/"><em class="idc-icon idc-icon_linkedin-fill" aria-hidden></em> Linkedin</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-9 col-md-7"> <div class="col-inner"> <header class="cartouche"> <span class="logo-organisation"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L100xH100/1631320870033-01a55.jpg?1729175373' alt='Fourgoux Djavadi & Associates (Paris)' width='50' height='50' /></span> <span class="logo-organisation"><a href='https://mermoz.law' target='_blank' rel='noopener'><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L300xH61/logo_mermoz_rvb-f06e9.png?1711366178' alt='Mermoz (Paris)' width='150' height='31' /></a></span> <div class="logo-auteur-rwd"> <img src="local/cache-vignettes/L186xH186/auton547-812c8.png?1711361319" class='spip_logo spip_logo_auteur spip_logos' width='186' height='186' alt="" itemprop='image' /> </div> <h1 class="fn" itemprop="name">Jean-Louis Fourgoux </h1> <div class="institution">Fourgoux Djavadi & Associates (Paris), Mermoz (Paris)</div> <div class="role"> <span class="fonction">Partner</span> </div> </header> <div class="main"> <div class="crayon contact-descriptif-524 texte descriptif"><p>Jean-Louis Fourgoux is a Partner at Mermoz. He holds a postgraduate degree (DEA) in business and economic law. He is a member of the Paris and Brussels bars, and is specialized in economic and European law. Jean-Louis is known for his expertise advising clients in complex disputes before the European Commission, French antitrust authorities, and commercial courts on private enforcement litigations. He has particular experience in the retail, media, and energy sectors. He is formaer President of the Board of the French Association for the study of competition (AFEC). Jean-Louis teaches competition law, at Sciences Po Paris and Versailles University. He is the co-author of the book, <a href="en/all-books/les-pratiques-commerciales-deloyales" class="spip_in">Les pratiques commerciales déloyales</a>.</p></div> <div class="p"> <a href="//en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux#contact" class="btn btn-contact btn-contact-rwd btn-primary-border popin pull-left" data-href-popin="#contact">Contact</a> <div class="social-links social-links-rwd pull-right"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jean-louis-fourgoux-923b4817/"> Linkedin</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3 col-aside"> <div class="liste auteurs co-auteurs"> <h2>Linked author</h2> <div class="liste-items liste-items-well"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1/r/RhW9p5A7x6BjasVn4hvUAzXED0aoka1kQp0LoAZp8yhWPuDQMnWuylUnG7RBDKN3sBCtPbV6ikKFAszd0ZN7LJfWXLET1NcA/U5tvhDMIG/Qvsg9yz/Yi2wc2qwbViddliTX0qmouNpPn/aaLYD4t/nlBPxqdFOg2IThwbwSpd42tZfHy15qEn+y4DPd87n/25kMcqmHZR2eQ7edhO3n0BsqKn1EXoSHaGYLzrdHNuHFg0Ud32KWs/XBwOlPxRRAU4TZSClG' data-origin="//en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux"> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/leyla-djavadi" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH70/auton25481-06566.jpg?1711359761) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Leyla Djavadi</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">Mermoz (Paris)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">France</span> <span class="articles"><em>3</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>8486</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_events"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__content"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span> <span class="small visites"><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> 7145</span> <span class="sep">|</span> Events</span></h2> <div class="list list_events list_events_articles list_cols3"> <div class="list__items"> <div class="list__item"> <article class="preview preview_event preview_event_article preview_event_simple ratio_5-3" id="evenement_6557" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" > <header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-116145 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/european-business-code-contract-law"> European Business Code: Contract Law </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c562134126 jpg" style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> <source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg@.webp?1715677014 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg@.webp?1711502818 1280w, local/adapt-img/750/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg@.webp?1712680396 1500w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg 1280w, local/adapt-img/750/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg 1500w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg@.webp 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg@.webp 960w, local/adapt-img/750/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg@.webp?1712830627 1125w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg 960w, local/adapt-img/750/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg 1125w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1), (min-resolution: 1dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg@.webp 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg@.webp 640w, local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg@.webp?1711621333 750w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg?1717915947' class='adapt-img spip_logo' alt="alt" width='750' height='500' itemprop='image' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg 640w, local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/ridet_concurrences_20240131_2428-0de8d.jpg?1717915947 750w' sizes='(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw' /></picture> </div> <div class="preview__metas"> <time class="preview__meta preview__meta_date date" datetime="2024-01-31 14:00:00"> <span class="date"><span class="dm"><span class="d">31 </span><span class="m">Jan</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></span> </time> <meta itemprop="startDate" value="2024-01-31T13:00:00Z"> <meta itemprop="endDate" value="2024-01-31T18:00:00Z"> <span class="preview__meta preview__meta_location" itemprop="location">Paris</span> </div> <div class="preview__content"> <div class="introduction crayon article-descriptif-116145 "><p>The "European Business Code: Contract Law" Conference organized by the IRJS, the Henri Capitant Association and Cedcace, in partnership with Concurrences took place in Paris on January 31th, 2024.</p></div> <a href="en/events/european-business-code-contract-law" class="view-more view-more_doc"><i class="idc-icon idc-icon_file"></i> See documents</a> </div> <div class="preview__extra"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/alain-benabent" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Alain Bénabent<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/martine-behar-touchais" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Martine Behar-Touchais<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/anne-sophie-chone-grimaldi" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Anne-Sophie Choné-Grimaldi<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/jean-baptiste-gouache" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jean-Baptiste Gouache<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/sylvaine-poillot-peruzzetto" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Sylvaine Poillot-Peruzzetto<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/bruno-lasserre" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Bruno Lasserre<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/florian-bien" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Florian Bien<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/emmanuelle-claudel" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Emmanuelle Claudel<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/michel-debroux" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Michel Debroux<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/catherine-prieto-62" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Catherine Prieto<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/mario-celaya" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Mario Celaya<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/nicolas-ferrier" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Nicolas Ferrier<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jean-Louis Fourgoux<span class="sep"> & </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/vincent-vigneau" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Vincent Vigneau</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </div> <div class="list__item"> <article class="preview preview_event preview_event_article preview_event_simple ratio_5-3" id="evenement_5559" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" > <header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-101914 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/distribution-retail-2nd-edition"> Distribution & Retail - 2nd edition </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c2944193411 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style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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class="preview__meta preview__meta_date date" datetime="2021-10-04 09:30:00"> <span class="date"><span class="dm"><span class="d">4 </span><span class="m">Oct</span></span><span class="y"> 2021</span></span> </time> <meta itemprop="startDate" value="2021-10-04T07:30:00Z"> <meta itemprop="endDate" value="2021-10-04T14:30:00Z"> <span class="preview__meta preview__meta_location" itemprop="location">Paris</span> </div> <div class="preview__content"> <div class="introduction crayon article-descriptif-101914 "><p>Annual Concurrences Paris conference organised at Fidal with the support of Analysis Group, CRA, Compass Lexecon, Deloitte, Fidal, McDermott Will & Emery and White & Case.</p></div> <a href="en/events/distribution-retail-2nd-edition" class="view-more view-more_doc"><i class="idc-icon idc-icon_file"></i> See documents</a> </div> <div class="preview__extra"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/esther-bitton" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Esther Bitton<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/joel-tozzi" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Joël Tozzi<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jean-Louis Fourgoux<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/erwann-kerguelen" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Erwann Kerguelen<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/muriel-chagny" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Muriel Chagny<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/emmanuel-frot" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Emmanuel Frot<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/guillaume-daieff" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Guillaume Daieff<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/philippe-vanni" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Philippe Vanni<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/laurent-flochel" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Laurent Flochel<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/agnes-parent" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Agnès Parent<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/anne-sophie-chone-grimaldi" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Anne-Sophie Choné-Grimaldi<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/gregory-besson-moreau" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Grégory Besson-Moreau<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/anton-garcia" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Antón Garcia<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/richard-panquiault" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Richard Panquiault<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/alain-gauvin" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Alain Gauvin<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/christian-bourgeon" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Christian Bourgeon<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/matthieu-adam" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Matthieu Adam<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/guillaume-pezzali" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Guillaume Pezzali<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/daniel-fasquelle" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Daniel Fasquelle<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/philippe-chauve" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Philippe Chauve<span class="sep"> & </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/olivier-sautel" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Olivier Sautel</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </div> <div class="list__item"> <article class="preview preview_event preview_event_article preview_event_simple ratio_5-3" id="evenement_4705" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" > <header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-93524 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/distribution-competition-and-restrictive-practices-1-joint-purchasing"> Distribution, competition and restrictive practices #1: Joint purchasing agreements </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c4225211341 png" 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<source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png@.webp?1711526113 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png@.webp?1711451388 1280w, local/adapt-img/750/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png@.webp?1711545181 1500w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png 1280w, local/adapt-img/750/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png 1500w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/png"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" 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local/adapt-img/640/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png@.webp 640w, local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png@.webp?1711366385 750w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png?1715597121' class='adapt-img spip_logo' alt="alt" width='750' height='500' itemprop='image' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png 640w, local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/arton93524-ad296.png?1715597121 750w' sizes='(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw' /></picture> </div> <div class="preview__metas"> <time class="preview__meta preview__meta_date date" datetime="2020-11-17 15:30:00"> <span class="date"><span class="dm"><span class="d">17 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2020</span></span> </time> <meta itemprop="startDate" value="2020-11-17T14:30:00Z"> <meta itemprop="endDate" value="2020-11-18T16:30:00Z"> <span class="preview__meta preview__meta_location" itemprop="location">Webinar</span> </div> <div class="preview__content"> <div class="introduction crayon article-descriptif-93524 "><p>1st Webinar of the « 1st Distribution, competition & restrictive practices Conference » organised by Concurrences, in partnership with De Pardieu Brocas Maffei and Fidal, with <a href="en/authors/paul-csiszar" class="spip_in">Paul Csiszar</a> (Director - Markets and cases IV: Basic industries, Manufacturing and Agriculture, DG COMP), <a href="en/authors/esther-bitton" class="spip_in">Esther Bitton</a> (Head of Antitrust, Casino), <a href="en/authors/emmanuel-durand" class="spip_in">Emmanuel Durand</a> (Partner, De Pardieu Brocas Maffei), <a href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux" class="spip_in">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a> (Partner, Fidal) and <a href="en/authors/joel-tozzi" class="spip_in">Joël Tozzi</a> (Deputy General Rapporteur, Autorité de la concurrence).</p></div> <a href="en/events/distribution-competition-and-restrictive-practices-1-joint-purchasing" class="view-more view-more_doc"><i class="idc-icon idc-icon_file"></i> See documents</a> </div> <div class="preview__extra"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/esther-bitton" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Esther Bitton<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/paul-csiszar" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Paul Csiszar<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/emmanuel-durand" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Emmanuel Durand<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/joel-tozzi" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Joël Tozzi<span class="sep"> & </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </div> <div class="list__item"> <article class="preview preview_event preview_event_article preview_event_simple ratio_5-3" id="evenement_4508" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" > <header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-91929 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/concurrences-paris-new-office-inauguration-books-signature-en"> Concurrences Paris New Office Inauguration & Books Signature </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c694062117 jpg" 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class='adapt-img spip_logo' alt="alt" width='750' height='500' itemprop='image' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/433._jean-louis_fourgoux_fourgoux_djavadi_associe_s_-3b407.jpg 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/433._jean-louis_fourgoux_fourgoux_djavadi_associe_s_-3b407.jpg 640w, local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/433._jean-louis_fourgoux_fourgoux_djavadi_associe_s_-3b407.jpg?1717919238 750w' sizes='(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw' /></picture> </div> <div class="preview__metas"> <time class="preview__meta preview__meta_date date" datetime="2019-10-03 18:00:00"> <span class="date"><span class="dm"><span class="d">3 </span><span class="m">Oct</span></span><span class="y"> 2019</span></span> </time> <meta itemprop="startDate" value="2019-10-03T16:00:00Z"> <meta itemprop="endDate" value="2019-10-03T20:00:00Z"> <span class="preview__meta preview__meta_location" itemprop="location">Paris</span> </div> <div class="preview__content"> <div class="introduction crayon article-descriptif-91929 "><p>Cocktail reception organized by Concurrences to celebrate its 15-Year Anniversary and Inauguration of its new Paris offices. Concurrences books signature and opening of the "Law and Antitrust" photo exhibition.</p></div> <a href="en/events/concurrences-paris-new-office-inauguration-books-signature-en" class="view-more view-more_doc"><i class="idc-icon idc-icon_file"></i> See documents</a> </div> <div class="preview__extra"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/nicolas-charbit" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Nicolas Charbit<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/laurence-idot" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Laurence Idot<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/frederic-jenny" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Frédéric Jenny<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/nathalie-jalabert-doury" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Nathalie Jalabert-Doury<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/catriona-hatton" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Catriona Hatton<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/yves-comtois" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Yves Comtois<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/emmanuel-combe" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Emmanuel Combe<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/walid-chaiehloudj" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Walid Chaiehloudj<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/erwann-kerguelen" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Erwann Kerguelen<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/francesco-martucci" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Francesco Martucci<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/konstantina-bania" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Konstantina Bania<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/rafael-amaro" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Rafael Amaro<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/frederic-buy" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Frédéric Buy<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/andrea-l-hamilton" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Andrea L. Hamilton<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/jean-francois-laborde" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jean-François Laborde<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/ignacio-herrera-anchustegui" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Ignacio Herrera Anchustegui<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/paul-nihoul" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Paul Nihoul<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/christelle-adjemian" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Christelle Adjémian<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/pascal-belmin" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Pascal Belmin<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/paulo-burnier-da-silveira" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Paulo Burnier da Silveira<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/luis-campos" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Luis Campos<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/muriel-chagny" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Muriel Chagny<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/jean-mathieu-cot" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jean-Mathieu Cot<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/ricard-yannick" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Aymeric de Moncuit<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/herve-delannoy-235" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Hervé Delannoy<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/leyla-djavadi" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Leyla Djavadi<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/laurent-eymard" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Laurent Eymard<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/riccardo-falconi" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Riccardo Falconi<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jean-Louis Fourgoux<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/josephine-fourquet" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Joséphine Fourquet<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/alexandre-glatz" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Alexandre Glatz<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/marie-pascale-heusse" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Marie-Pascale Heusse<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/michael-kefi" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Michael Kefi<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/pierre-kirch" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Pierre Kirch<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/agnes-maitrepierre" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Agnès Maitrepierre<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/stanislas-martin" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Stanislas Martin<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/pascale-mesnil" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Pascale Mesnil<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/constance-monnier-schlumberger" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" 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itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" > <header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-84394 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/competition-talks-new-competition-opportunities-before-ordinary-courts"> New competition opportunities before ordinary courts - Competition Talks </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c339951295 jpg" 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<source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L451xH300/arton84394-0327b.jpg@.webp?1714592362 640w, local/adapt-img/451/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L451xH300/arton84394-0327b.jpg@.webp?1711464281 902w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L451xH300/arton84394-0327b.jpg 640w, local/adapt-img/451/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L451xH300/arton84394-0327b.jpg 902w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L451xH300/arton84394-0327b.jpg@.webp 480w, local/adapt-img/451/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L451xH300/arton84394-0327b.jpg@.webp?1714811008 677w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source 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451w' sizes='(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw' /></picture> </div> <div class="preview__metas"> <time class="preview__meta preview__meta_date date" datetime="2016-10-18 12:00:00"> <span class="date"><span class="dm"><span class="d">18 </span><span class="m">Oct</span></span><span class="y"> 2016</span></span> </time> <meta itemprop="startDate" value="2016-10-18T10:00:00Z"> <meta itemprop="endDate" value="2016-10-18T10:00:00Z"> <span class="preview__meta preview__meta_location" itemprop="location">Paris</span> </div> <div class="preview__content"> <div class="introduction crayon article-descriptif-84394 "><p>The third edition of “Les Entretiens de la concurrence”, focusing on the new economic and legal opportunities before ordinary courts, aimed to emphasise on the specific nature and assets of those jurisdictions in competition law. At the intersection of law and economics, the ordinary courts are called upon to address all issues raised by the new economic opportunities, as illustrated by competition issues raised by the development of peer-production, showing a transformation of the economy via digital technology.</p></div> <a href="en/events/competition-talks-new-competition-opportunities-before-ordinary-courts" class="view-more view-more_doc"><i class="idc-icon idc-icon_file"></i> See documents</a> </div> <div class="preview__extra"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/jean-bernard-falco" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jean-Bernard Falco<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/muriel-chagny" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Muriel Chagny<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteur/Maurice-Nussenbaum" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Maurice Nussenbaum<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jean-Louis Fourgoux<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/irene-luc" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Irène Luc<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/alain-gauvin" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Alain Gauvin<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/philippe-bobet" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Philippe Bobet<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/georges-decocq" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Georges Decocq<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/beatrice-charlier-bonatti" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Béatrice Charlier-Bonatti<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/anne-perrot-1009" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Anne Perrot<span class="sep"> & </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/chantal-arens" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Chantal Arens</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_articles"> <div class="section__container"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span>Articles</span></h2> <div class="row articles colonnes_1"> <div class="col-xs-5 "> <div class="liste articles secteur_22"> <h3 class="h1"><span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> 108251</span> <span class="sep"></span> Review</h3> <div class="liste-items"> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/chroniques/sudden-break-the-paris-court-of-appeal-orders-a-digital-platform-to-return-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden break</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal orders a digital platform to return the amount of a credit granted without consideration but rejects the claim of a sudden termination of commercial relations <em>(Zifel / Cdiscount)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-18T22:00:00Z">19 June 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 45</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119998 introduction entry-content"> <p>As part of a regular commercial relationship between an online distributor and one of its baggage suppliers, Zifel, a credit note for 35,000 euros was issued by the supplier at the end of 2017. At the beginning of 2018, the supplier was invited by the distributor to settle this credit note, but (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/chroniques/significant-imbalance-la-cour-d-appel-de-paris-refuse-de-sanctionner-une-clause" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal refuses to sanction a contract cancellation clause due to insufficient legal reasoning regarding the significant imbalance <em>(Methasol Energie / Arkolia Energies)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-04T22:00:00Z">5 June 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 32</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120001 introduction entry-content"> <p>On January 20, 2015, Methasol Energie, a company set up by three farmers, signed a "technical-commercial proposal" with Arkolia Energies, a company specializing in the design of renewable energy systems, for the installation of an infinitely mixed methanization unit, using inputs consisting of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/chroniques/120220" rel="bookmark"><strong>Jurisdiction</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal determines the applicability of a jurisdiction clause despite the potential qualification of the provisions on abrupt termination of established commercial relationships in the Commercial Code as mandatory law <em>(Microsoft Ireland Operations)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-04T22:00:00Z">5 June 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 56</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120220 introduction entry-content"> <p>This ruling concerned a dispute between Premium Audiotel, a company specializing in directory enquiry services, and Microsoft Ireland Operations Limited (Microsoft), which manages certain Internet services in Europe, including online advertising. Premium Audiotel claimed to be the victim of a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/chroniques/coercion-the-paris-court-of-appeal-decides-that-a-provider-who-seriously" rel="bookmark"><strong>Coercion</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal decides that a provider who seriously breaches its essential obligations cannot oppose the termination of a contract, where the unbalanced nature is not established in the absence of coercion <em>(Vigilia Sécurité Privée / Meurice)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-05-21T22:00:00Z">22 May 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 28</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120221 introduction entry-content"> <p>A security company(Vigilia Sécurité Privée) alleged a significant imbalance in the terms of its service contract with a major hotel(Meurice) under the former article L 442-6-1 2° of the French Commercial Code. <br class='autobr' /> Vigilia Sécurité Privé was asked to assist the Hôtel Meurice in ensuring the safety (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/chroniques/annual-report-the-french-directorate-general-for-competition-consumer-affairs" rel="bookmark"><strong>Annual report</strong>: The French Directorate General for Consumer Affairs, Competition and Fraud Prevention publishes its annual report, reveals the most significant sanctions, and announces that its 2024 priority will again focus on restoring balance between suppliers and distributors, particularly by monitoring the application of the Egalim law</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-05-02T22:00:00Z">3 May 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 70</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119994 introduction entry-content"> <p>The administrative fines notified and the reasons for them confirm the desire to penalize restrictive competition practices (including payment deadlines), which in 2023 accounted for 34.5 million euros. Canvassing and off-premises sales (trade fairs) accounted for 6.3 million euros, followed by (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/chroniques/sudden-break-the-french-supreme-court-ruled-that-notification-of-intent-to" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden break</strong> : The French Supreme Court rules that notification of intent to terminate the relationship at the launch of a call for tenders is only valid and gives rise to the notice period if the date of termination is specified <em>(Gefco / Data Dynamic Systems)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-19T23:00:00Z">20 March 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 49</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118454 introduction entry-content"> <p>The facts concerned the relationship between Gefco and one of its IT service providers, Data Dynamic Systems. Gefco acquired usage rights to DDS software, and several contracts were signed between the two parties, including an open-ended framework maintenance and support contract and a service (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="content-inner-more"> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-french-supreme-court-ruled-that-in-matters-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Franchise</strong> : The French Supreme Court rules that in matters of restrictive competition practices, the Minister’s action, which is not affected by any transaction between the parties, is governed by article 2224 of the French Civil Code, and approves the lower court’s decision to censure certain clauses of a franchise contract that had been deemed unbalanced <em>(Domino’s Pizza / French Minister of the Economy)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-27T23:00:00Z">28 February 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 67</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118456 introduction entry-content"> <p>This ruling was eagerly awaited and has already been commented on (Concurrences N° 1-2024, Art. N° 117413 A. Ronzano; Dalloz actualité, March 8, 2024, Yann Heyraud). It was handed down in an emblematic case concerning the application by the Paris Court of Appeal, at the request of the Minister (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/chroniques/sudden-break-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-the-victim-of-a-breach-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden break</strong> : The French Supreme Court rules that the victim of a breach of contract who invokes economic dependence in order to request an extended notice period must prove this fact<em>(Cofape international)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-01-30T23:00:00Z">31 January 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 80</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118451 introduction entry-content"> <p>This ruling clarifies the link between sudden termination of commercial relations and economic dependence. Cofape International complained about the termination of its commercial relations with one of its customers(Solétanche), for whom it provided two distinct services: insurance brokerage and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/chroniques/117215" rel="bookmark"><strong>Anti-inflation law</strong>: The French Parliament adopts the law on emergency measures to combat inflation in consumer goods, which modifies the timetable for annual negotiations in the retail sector</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-11-16T23:00:00Z">17 November 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 138</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117215 introduction entry-content"> <p>The law of November 17, 2023 on emergency measures to combat inflation in consumer goods, promulgated on November 17, 2023 and published in the Journal Officiel of November 18, 2023, modifies the annual negotiation calendar in the retail sector. <br class='autobr' /> This law brings forward the deadline for (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/chroniques/commercial-cooperation-the-paris-administrative-court-calls-into-question-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Commercial cooperation</strong>: The Paris Administrative Court calls into question the conformity of the annual contracts of a major food retailer for failing to specify the details of cooperation with an international purchasing group <em>(ITM Alimentaire International)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-11-06T23:00:00Z">7 November 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 100</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117240 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Administrative Court ruled that ITM AI’s annual contracts with its suppliers did not comply with the French Commercial Code in 2019, as they did not include details of the cooperation provided in France by ITM AI independently of its links with the Swiss central AgeCore, and confirmed (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/chroniques/117220" rel="bookmark"><strong>Admissibility</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal essentially rejected the claims for compensation made by the French Minister for the Economy under the provisions governing significant imbalance or unrequited advantage, in two cases concerning requests made by two distributors to suppliers to reduce agreed prices, either during the year or during annual negotiations <em>(Galec / Distribution Casino France e.a.)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-10-24T22:00:00Z">25 October 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 117</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117220 introduction entry-content"> <p>These two rulings, handed down on the same day, mark a shift in the jurisprudence of the chamber specializing in the law of restrictive competition practices towards a more restrictive application of these rules. The Minister of the Economy’s repressive approach to negotiations has been called (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2023/chroniques/draft-law-the-french-parliament-examines-an-emergency-measures-bill-to-adapt" rel="bookmark"><strong>Draft law</strong> : The French Parliament examines an emergency measures bill to adapt the provisions of the Commercial Code relating to commercial negotiations in the retail sector in order to meet the government’s expectations in the fight against inflation</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-09-26T22:00:00Z">27 September 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 811</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-115717 introduction entry-content"> <p>The solution is based on bringing forward the timetable for commercial negotiations, and reducing negotiations for major suppliers with sales of over €150 million to a single article. By way of derogation, the deadline for signing agreements between distributors and suppliers will be January 15, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2023/chroniques/undue-advantage-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-a-competitor-s-failure-to" rel="bookmark"><strong>Undue advantage</strong> : The French Supreme Court rules that a competitor’s failure to comply with the anti-money laundering rules of the Monetary and Financial Code gives the competitor an unfair competitive advantage, which may constitute unfair competition <em>(Creacard)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-09-26T22:00:00Z">27 September 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 216</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-115743 introduction entry-content"> <p>This decision was handed down in the context of an in futurum investigative procedure based on article 145 of the French Civil Procedure Code, prior to any proceedings on the merits, but deals with the consequences of unlawful competition arising from non-compliance with a regulation. This case (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2023/chroniques/franchise-contract-the-paris-court-of-appeal-rules-that-a-franchise-agreement" rel="bookmark"><strong>Franchise contract</strong> : The Paris Court of Appeal rules that a franchise agreement cannot be considered to create a significant imbalance if there is no obligation to enter the network <em>(Natloc / ADA)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 106</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-115721 introduction entry-content"> <p>The facts concern the conditions under which a franchisee joined the ADA franchise network by taking over a business from a previous franchisee. The new franchisee soon ran into financial difficulties. The franchisor terminated the contract due to unpaid bills, and the franchisee was placed in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/chroniques/annual-report-the-dgccrf-details-the-actions-and-administrative-sanctions" rel="bookmark"><strong>Annual report</strong>: The DGCCRF details the actions and administrative sanctions pronounced in 2022 in its annual report</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-07-05T22:00:00Z">6 July 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 170</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113808 introduction entry-content"> <p>A total of €38 million was awarded in 2022 for late payment, invoicing and other restrictive business practices, including €19.1 million for late payment, spread over 204 decisions, i.e. an average of €93ke. A windfall for the State, which should discourage late payments. <br class='autobr' /> With regard to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/chroniques/113781" rel="bookmark"><strong>Evidence</strong>: The French Supreme Court rules that proof of submission to an imbalance cannot be inferred from a customer’s invitations to tender, and that proof must be provided by the company claiming to be the victim <em>(Société des transports Pavanello)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-06-27T22:00:00Z">28 June 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 191</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113781 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a case involving a carrier and TNT / FEDEX, the Paris Court of Appeal refused to apply article L 442-6 and compensate the financial loss claimed by the service provider, who considered himself subject to unbalanced pricing conditions resulting from repeated calls for tender (Paris 5-4, April (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/chroniques/damage-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-compensation-for-damage-caused-by" rel="bookmark"><strong>Brutal rupture</strong>: The French Supreme Court rules that compensation for damage caused by the termination of commercial relations does not preclude compensation for other unfair practices <em>(Empreinte publicitaire)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-06-27T22:00:00Z">28 June 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 689</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113793 introduction entry-content"> <p>In this case, Empreinte Publicitaire complained about the conditions under which its former sales assistant, after resigning, had set up a competing company and then misappropriated its clientele. Two customers(Jerem and Ryvia) immediately broke off business relations with her. These 2 (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/chroniques/payment-terms-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-late-payment-penalties" rel="bookmark"><strong>Commercial relation</strong>: The French Supreme Court rules that late payment penalties applicable between professionals are only payable on the day following the payment date shown on the invoice and not on the date of formal notice <em>(PRM / AG Woodstock)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-06-13T22:00:00Z">14 June 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 235</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113780 introduction entry-content"> <p>Believing himself to be a creditor, a subcontractor put the main contractor on notice to pay him various sums, then issued an invoice and sued for payment. The French Supreme Court (Cour de cassation) overturned the judgment and rectified the error of law by modifying the starting point for (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2023/chroniques/excessive-clauses-versailles-court-of-appeal-rules-that-significant-imbalance" rel="bookmark"><strong>Excessive clauses</strong> : Versailles Court of Appeal rules that significant imbalance cannot apply to credit providers <em>(ARI / Dexia Crédit Local)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-05-03T22:00:00Z">4 May 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 83</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-115729 introduction entry-content"> <p>An association contested the contractual clauses of a loan contract granted by DEXIA for an amount of 3 million euros with a variable rate linked to the Constant Maturity Swap. The association claimed the existence of an abusive clause within the meaning of consumer law and, in the alternative, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/chroniques/terms-of-payment-the-french-commission-for-the-examination-of-trade-practices" rel="bookmark"><strong>Terms of payment</strong>: The French Commission for the Examination of Trade Practices decides that the mere fact that a creditor requires its debtor to pay invoices by one of the two methods of payment indicated does not in itself appear to be the cause of a significant imbalance to the detriment of the debtor</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-04-20T22:00:00Z">21 April 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 162</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113784 introduction entry-content"> <p>In the context of a request for an opinion on the contractual clauses of an energy company, the CEPC took a very liberal stance. The question posed was whether the supplier could demand payment either by unaccepted direct debit or by direct debit, without contravening article L. 442-1, I, 2° C. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/chroniques/notice-period-the-french-commission-for-the-examination-of-trade-practices" rel="bookmark"><strong>Brutal rupture</strong>: The French Commission for the Examination of Trade Practices decides that the notification of the non-renewal of the framework agreement between a buyer and an association of producer organizations, concerning the purchase of cow’s milk from producers who had delegated their negotiating power to their organization, which in turn delegated it to the APO in compliance with the agreed two-year notice period, remains in compliance with competition law</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-04-19T22:00:00Z">20 April 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 764</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113795 introduction entry-content"> <p>A professional referred the matter to the CEPC, arguing that the practice of a buyer notifying the non-renewal of a framework agreement more than 24 months before its expiry constituted a restrictive practice of competition, on the main grounds that the buyer buys all the producers’ milk (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/chroniques/113783" rel="bookmark"><strong>Default of payment</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal rules that distribution contracts providing for an exception for non-performance in the event of non-payment constitute a significant imbalance and compensates the damage caused by the supplier as a result of the application of the said clauses <em>(BTSG / Xerox)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-04-11T22:00:00Z">12 April 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 194</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113783 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Cassation had censured the Paris Court of Appeal, which had dismissed a distributor’s action against XEROX ’s contractual terms on the grounds of significant imbalance. The Commercial Chamber had ruled that successive contract renewals do not rule out the absence of negotiation (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2023/chroniques/validity-of-the-inquiry-the-paris-court-of-appeal-rules-at-the-request-of-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Validity of the inquiry</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal rules, at the request of the Minister of the Economy, that two brands having grouped their purchases attempted, during the course of the year, to impose a significant imbalance on suppliers prohibited by article L 442-6 I 2° C. com. (now L. 442-1, I, 2°) <em>(Intermarché Casino Achats / Distribution Casino France)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-03-14T23:00:00Z">15 March 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 232</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112612 introduction entry-content"> <p>These decisions could be included in the list of the most important rulings in the law of restrictive practices because of the scope of the answers provided to the legal questions raised by the companies. raised by the companies. The analysis of the validity of the action of the Minister of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2023/chroniques/administrative-injunction-the-french-government-publishes-decree-no-2022-1701" rel="bookmark"><strong>Administrative injunction</strong>: The French Government publishes Decree No. 2022-1701 of December 29, 2022, for immediate application, defining the procedures for publicizing measures, mainly injunctions, taken pursuant to Articles L.464-9 and L.470-1 of the Commercial Code concerning competition law and Articles L.521-1 and L.521-3-1 of the Consumer Code</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-12-28T23:00:00Z">29 December 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 147</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111186 introduction entry-content"> <p>The decree n°2022-1701 of December 29, 2022 of immediate application, defines the modalities of publicity of the measures, essentially injunctions, taken in application of articles L.464-9 and L.470-1 C. com. regarding competition law and L.521-1 and L.521-3-1 C. cons. (compliance injunctions). (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2023/chroniques/advantage-without-consideration-the-french-supreme-administrative-court-rules" rel="bookmark"><strong>Advantage without consideration</strong>: The French Supreme Administrative Court rules that the wording of article L 442-1 C. com. resulting from the order of April 24, 2019 does not exceed the legislative authority and validates the new wording of restrictive competition practices <em>(Amazon EU)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-12-20T23:00:00Z">21 December 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 209</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111188 introduction entry-content"> <p>The litigation initiated by ILEC against Amazon continues to raise questions that allow for a better understanding of French legislation on restrictive competition practices. After having challenged the conformity of article L 442- 1 C. com. with the constitution before the Constitutional (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2023/chroniques/franchise-price-transparency-the-french-supreme-court-approves-the-refusal-of-a" rel="bookmark"><strong>Price transparency</strong>: The French Supreme Court approves the refusal of a central purchasing office to communicate the conditions of negotiation with suppliers in the absence of a mandate contract <em>(JBB Market / Distribution Franprix)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-12-06T23:00:00Z">7 December 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 124</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111191 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Court of Appeal ruled in a case involving Franprix licensees and the network head on the transparency of commercial conditions. Franprix was, through the Sedifrais company, certainly a central purchasing agency but refused to reveal the exact conditions of negotiation with suppliers (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2023/chroniques/abrupt-termination-of-commercial-relations-the-french-supreme-court-holds-that" rel="bookmark"><strong>Abrupt termination</strong> : The French Supreme Court holds that during the notice period, negotiations can be conducted to adjust prices as long as these changes are not substantial <em>(Concurrence / Samsung)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-12-06T23:00:00Z">7 December 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 187</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111192 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Cassation has ruled in some detail on a dispute between the distributor Concurrence and one of its suppliers "Samsung". A termination of commercial relations had been agreed upon with a notice period. Contesting the new commercial conditions that Samsung wished to impose, the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2023/chroniques/abrupt-termination-of-commercial-relations-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that" rel="bookmark"><strong>Abrupt termination</strong>: The French Supreme Court rules that the former wording of article L 442 6 I 5° providing for a doubling of the notice period in case of distribution of private label products must be examined by judges in detail <em>(Cuisines design industries / Sofiseb)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-12-06T23:00:00Z">7 December 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 132</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111193 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Court of Appeal, ruling on a referral from a previous Supreme Court, confirmed a judgment of the Rennes Commercial Court, which had ordered a 24-month notice period as compensation for the damage suffered as a result of the brutal termination of commercial relations, on the grounds (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2023/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-paris-court-of-appeal-rules-that-the-penalty-clause" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal rules that the penalty clause of a car body repairer fixing daily amounts in case of non-recovery of vehicles in the absence of prejudice to the plaintiff does not have to be characterized as a significant imbalance <em>(Volkswagen Bank / Carrosserie)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-10-18T22:00:00Z">19 October 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 110</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111190 introduction entry-content"> <p>The dispute is unusual enough to attract attention: Volkswagen Bank complained about the significant imbalance resulting from clauses in the contract of a bodybuilder who claimed and obtained in the first instance an award of 167,299.20 euros (including VAT). Volkswagen Bank had been late in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2022/chroniques/constitutionality-the-french-constitutional-council-rules-that-the-prohibition" rel="bookmark"><strong>Constitutionality</strong>: The French Constitutional Council rules that the prohibition of benefits without consideration is not contrary to the Constitution and opens the door to judicial review of contractual balance <em>(Amazon EU)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-10-05T22:00:00Z">6 October 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 188</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109588 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Constitutional Council ruled that the prohibition of an unrequited benefit is not contrary to the Constitution and opens the door to judicial review of the contractual balance. <br class='autobr' /> After the significant imbalance which was the subject of two preliminary questions of constitutionality (DCC n° (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2022/chroniques/continuity-the-french-supreme-court-requires-verification-of-the-continuity-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Continuity</strong>: The French Supreme Court requires verification of the continuity of a commercial relationship notwithstanding a management lease of the initial business <em>(GTMS)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-09-27T22:00:00Z">28 September 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 132</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109600 introduction entry-content"> <p>A transport service provider invoked a commercial relationship dating back to 1978 and complained that it had been severed. The Paris Court of Appeal dismissed the case on the grounds that there was no indication that the parties had intended the commercial relationship formalized in 2007 to be (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2022/chroniques/transparency-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-laboratories-that-has-gtcs" rel="bookmark"><strong>Transparency</strong>: The French Supreme Court rules that laboratories that has GTCs organizing the direct sale of medicines to pharmacists are obligated to communicate them and to negotiate with a purchasing grouping structure within the framework of a commissioning contract <em>(Pyxis Pharma / Cooper)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-09-27T22:00:00Z">28 September 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 234</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109602 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Court of Appeal, on referral from the Court of Cassation on March 29, 2017, had ruled that dispensing pharmacists who had opted for the SRA pursuant to Article D. 5125-24-1 of the CSP could claim the communication of GTCs reserved for dispensing pharmacists (Pyxis Pharma / Cooper), (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2022/chroniques/dgccrf-report-the-directorate-general-of-competition-consumption-and-fraud" rel="bookmark"><strong>DGCCRF Report</strong>: The Directorate General of Competition, Consumption and Fraud Control communicates on its repressive action in 2021 and announces the upcoming priority investigations</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-07-10T22:00:00Z">11 July 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 225</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109608 introduction entry-content"> <p>The annual report of the DGCCRF is an opportunity for the armed wing of the Ministry of the Economy to take stock of its action to protect the consumer on the one hand, but also to ensure the fairness of commercial relations between professionals. Restrictive competition practices are a sector (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2022/chroniques/administrative-sanctions-the-paris-administrative-court-rules-that-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Administrative sanctions</strong>: The Paris Administrative Court rules that the sanctions imposed under Article L 441-3 C. com. against the Leclerc group’s European headquarters are justified <em>(Eurelec Trading)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-06-22T22:00:00Z">23 June 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 305</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109605 introduction entry-content"> <p>Eurelec Trading, a cooperative company under Belgian law created in 2016 between the Leclerc supermarket chain, a cooperative of merchants of French origin, and the Rewe group, a cooperative of merchants of German origin, operates as a central purchasing office for supermarket products for the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2022/chroniques/franchising-the-court-of-cassation-considers-that-a-franchisor-could-be-liable" rel="bookmark"><strong>Franchising</strong>: The French Supreme Court considers that a franchisor could be liable for the breach of commercial relations by its franchisees <em>(Leader Price)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-06-21T22:00:00Z">22 June 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 141</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108130 introduction entry-content"> <p>The fruit and vegetable supplier Esnault Euro Fruits challenged the conditions under which some fifty Leader Price stores operated by 36 separate Leader Price franchisees had broken off commercial relations. Its claim, initially directed against Leader Price Exploitation and Distribution Leader (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2022/chroniques/lack-of-negotiation-contractual-non-performance-evidence-lack-of-reciprocity" rel="bookmark"><strong>Lack of reciprocity</strong>: The French Supreme Court decides that the contract of the incumbent postal operator, which was never negotiated, is unbalanced in that it leaves it alone to establish proof of compliance with delivery deadlines <em>(La Poste)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-05-10T22:00:00Z">11 May 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 215</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108116 introduction entry-content"> <p>Another decision of the Court of Cassation on the imbalance between parties belonging to the distribution sector and whose litigation for once has not been initiated by the Minister of the Economy. This is perhaps the beginning of the recognition of the universal scope of the prohibition of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2022/chroniques/liability-the-french-supreme-court-decides-that-the-failure-of-negotiations-to" rel="bookmark"><strong>Liability</strong>: The French Supreme Court decides that the failure of negotiations to renew a contract does not engage the responsibility of the parties if the negotiations have been conducted fairly <em>(Plaisir Selection)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-05-10T22:00:00Z">11 May 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 120</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108120 introduction entry-content"> <p>The facts are revealing of the difficulty of applying the rules of Title IV of Book IV in certain situations, to business life. The company Plaisir Sélection bought a company from the Auchan group specialized in the marketing and export of wines to Japan. In 2008, it entered into a two-year (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2022/chroniques/fair-trial-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-the-minister-of-the-economy" rel="bookmark"><strong>Fair trial</strong>: The French Supreme Court rules that the Minister of the Economy cannot base an action aimed at convicting a company of a significant imbalance on anonymised reports <em>(GEEPF)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-05-10T22:00:00Z">11 May 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 143</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108136 introduction entry-content"> <p>This case is emblematic because it concerns a case in which the Minister had initiated an action to censor two contractual clauses imposed on suppliers, against an industrial company that markets electric turbines: GE Energy Product France. The Court of Appeal of Paris, in a decision dated June (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2022/chroniques/concession-contract-the-french-supreme-court-decides-that-successive-renewals" rel="bookmark"><strong>Concession contract</strong>: The French Supreme Court decides that successive renewals of contracts do not preclude the absence of negotiation required by Article L 442-6 C. com. and that the judges of the court of first instance must assess the proportionality between the effects of a clause authorising the suspension of the performance of the contract and the compensations obtained by the co-contractor <em>(Concept / XEROX)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-04-05T22:00:00Z">6 April 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 228</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108108 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Concept company had been a Xerox dealer since 2007, under successive three-year renewable concession contracts. The dealer sold Xerox equipment and provided its customers with maintenance services by Xerox under a subcontracting agreement with Xerox. <br class='autobr' /> During 2015, and therefore during the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2022/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-paris-commercial-court-rules-that-seven-clauses-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong>: The Paris Commercial Court rules that seven clauses of the contract binding a major player in the development and distribution of applications to application developers for distribution on its application platform constitute a significant imbalance and ordered this company to modify these clauses with a fine of 2 million euros <em>(Google)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-03-27T22:00:00Z">28 March 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 198</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-106564 introduction entry-content"> <p>This action was brought by the Minister of the Economy who in February 2018, had summoned both Google Inc (now Google LLC), Google Ireland Limited, Google Commerce Limited and Google France before the Commercial Court of Paris. After investigation, the Minister considered that seven clauses (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2022/chroniques/no-notice-period-the-paris-court-of-appeal-decides-despite-the-length-of-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>No notice period</strong> : The Paris Court of Appeal decides, despite the length of the commercial relationship and the dominant position held by the company offering the main search engine service, that the termination with four days’ notice, based on a contractual clause is not wrongful <em>(Google / Ulysse)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-03-10T23:00:00Z">11 March 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 133</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-106571 introduction entry-content"> <p>The cases follow one another but are not all alike, including for the digital giants. Condemned by the Commercial Court of Paris for brutal rupture of commercial relations, the company Google Ireland won its case before the Court of Appeal of Paris. The case was against the company Ulysse which (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2022/chroniques/franchise-agreement-the-paris-court-of-appeal-decides-to-censure-three-clauses" rel="bookmark"><strong>Franchise agreement</strong> : The Paris Court of Appeal decides to censure three clauses of a franchise agreement in the fast food sector on the grounds of significant imbalance and orders the franchisor to pay a civil fine of €500.000 <em>(Minister of Economy / Dominos Pizza, Pizza Sprint)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-02-04T23:00:00Z">5 February 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 403</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-106554 introduction entry-content"> <p>This decision is part of a movement to apply the significant imbalance provided for by the French Commercial Code more broadly than it had been up to now, by moving away from the usual framework of large-scale food distribution, which was decided by the specialized courts. <br class='autobr' /> **An unfavorable (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2022/chroniques/price-opacity-the-french-supreme-court-decides-that-a-method-of-allocation-and" rel="bookmark"><strong>Price opacity</strong> : The French Supreme Court decides that a method of allocation and invoicing of advertising space provided for in the general terms and conditions of sale, which is opaque and imposed on a buyer, may contravene the rule on significant imbalance in the French Commercial Code and give rise to civil liability on the part of an advertising agency <em>(Pixtel / TF1 Publicité)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-01-25T23:00:00Z">26 January 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 179</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-106550 introduction entry-content"> <p>This case is remarkable in two respects: on the one hand, on the scope of application of the significant imbalance, which is definitely applicable to areas other than that of supplier-distributor relationships; on the other hand, on the compensation for the damage that may result from the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2022/chroniques/payment-delays-the-french-administrative-court-of-appeal-of-bordeaux-decides" rel="bookmark"><strong>Payment delays:</strong> The French Administrative Court of Appeal of Bordeaux decides that the sanctions pronounced for non-compliance with payment deadlines must be determined according to the seriousness of the breaches committed, the duration of the period during which these breaches have persisted, the company’s behavior and its financial situation <em>(Syngenta France)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-12-16T23:00:00Z">17 December 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 146</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-105443 introduction entry-content"> <p>La SAS Syngenta France a fait l’objet, au titre de la période du 1er janvier au 30 juin 2016, d’un contrôle par les services de la direction régionale des entreprises de la concurrence, de la consommation, du travail et de l’emploi (DIRECCTE) d’Occitanie concernant ses délais de paiement à (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2021/chroniques/annual-report-the-banque-de-france-publishes-its-report-from-the-observatoire" rel="bookmark"><strong>Annual report:</strong> The <em>Banque de France</em> publishes its report from the <em>Observatoire des délais de paiement</em> noting a deterioration in 2020 due to the health situation and its consequences on the organisation of companies and relays the questionable position of the <em>DGCCRF</em> on breaches of invoice formalism</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-09-27T22:00:00Z">28 September 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 173</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-103440 introduction entry-content"> <p>The task of the Payment Periods Observatory is to carry out monitoring, analysis and studies on subjects relating to payment periods for businesses. It may also be consulted by the Minister for the Economy on these issues. It brings together the main professional federations, the major (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2021/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-the-acceptance-of-a" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The French Supreme Court rules that the acceptance of a pre-filled contract does not constitute a submission, which is a significant imbalance under the Commercial Code (<em>Avenir Telecom / Delta Security Solutions</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-07-06T22:00:00Z">7 July 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 305</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-103442 introduction entry-content"> <p>This decision marks a strict but logical approach to the concept of significant imbalance between professionals when the prohibition provided for by the Commercial Code is invoked outside the retail sector. <br class='autobr' /> The now old facts can be summarized as follows. The company Avenir Telecom, which (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2021/case-comments/transposition-the-french-government-adopts-the-ordinance-transposing-directive-en" rel="bookmark"><strong> Transposition :</strong> The French Government adopts the ordinance transposing Directive (EU) 2019/633 of 17 April 2019 on unfair commercial practices in business-to-business relations within the agricultural and food supply chain, so that it is applicable to relations between suppliers and purchasers in this chain, without a turnover requirement</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-06-29T22:00:00Z">30 June 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 797</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101916 introduction entry-content"> <p>The ordinance amends the Commercial Code on the form of agency contracts known as NIPs (Art. L. 441-4, VII and L. 443-2, I. para. 2 C. com.), on payment periods for perishable agricultural and food products which may not exceed 30 days after the date of delivery or, in the case of periodic (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2021/case-comments/general-terms-and-conditions-of-sale-by-category-the-paris-court-of-appeal" rel="bookmark"><strong> General terms and conditions of sale by category:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal considers that a pharmaceutical laboratory is entitled to have differentiated general terms and conditions of sale for orders from purchasing grouping companies (<em>Bristol-Myers Squibb, UPSA / Pyxis Services, Sagitta Pharma</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-06-01T22:00:00Z">2 June 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 250</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101920 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Court of Appeal considers that a pharmaceutical laboratory is entitled to have different general terms and conditions of sale for orders from purchasing pooling companies ["SRA"] and pharmaceutical purchasing groups ["CAP"] and that the practice of retail pharmacists consisting of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-fasquelle">Daniel Fasquelle</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/olivier-guersent">Olivier Guersent</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/christiane-feral-schuhl">Christiane Féral-Schuhl</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/marie-even">Marie Even</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/laure-de-la-raudiere">Laure de La Raudière</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/jean-luc-sauron">Jean-Luc Sauron</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/linda-arcelin">Linda Arcelin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/leyla-djavadi">Leyla Djavadi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/colette-bouckaert">Colette Bouckaert</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/geoffroy-didier">Geoffroy Didier</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/valeria-faure-muntian">Valéria Faure-Muntian</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/emmanuelle-inacio">Emmanuelle Inacio</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2021/dossier/dma-dsa-has-europe-really-given-itself-the-means-to-achieve-its-ambitions" rel="bookmark">DMA/DSA: Has Europe really given itself the means to achieve its ambitions?</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 4728</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100023 introduction entry-content"> <p>In order to upgrade the rules governing digital players operating in the internal market and to improve the regulatory framework for digital services, on December 15th, 2020, the European Commission published two legislative initiatives: the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2021/case-comments/lack-of-notice-the-paris-court-of-appeal-considers-that-practices-that-may" rel="bookmark"><strong> Lack of notice:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal considers that practices that may amount to corruption justify immediate termination without notice (<em>I2C / Carrefour</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-04T22:00:00Z">5 May 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 150</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101935 introduction entry-content"> <p>Carrefour had broken off commercial relations after learning through an internal investigation that its buyer had agreed to reference a supplier, I2C, following various advantages including a pleasure trip. <br class='autobr' /> The Paris Court of Appeal confirmed the decision of the first judges, stressing that it (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/linda-arcelin">Linda Arcelin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2021/livres/droit-du-marche-numerique-acces-et-regulation-du-marche-numerique-concurrence-102332" rel="bookmark">Droit du marché numérique: Accès et régulation du marché numérique Concurrence, distribution, consommation, Linda ARCELIN and Jean-Louis FOURGOUX</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 331</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-102332 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cette rubrique Livres recense et commente les ouvrages et autres publications en droit de la concurrence, droit & économie de la concurrence et en droit de la régulation. Une telle recension ne peut par nature être exhaustive et se limite donc à présenter quelques publications récentes dans (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2021/case-comments/change-of-co-contractor-the-french-supreme-court-considers-that-the" rel="bookmark"><strong> Change of Co-contractor:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that the reorganisation of the purchasing structures of the various companies of the same distribution group does not necessarily entail a substantial modification characterising a brutal rupture of relations (<em>Comptoir d’achat agricole / Verallia</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-30T22:00:00Z">31 March 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 126</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101932 introduction entry-content"> <p>Saint Gobain emballage, which has become Verallia France ["Verallia"], specialises in the manufacture of glass bottles intended in particular for the wine sector, and since 1990 has entrusted the distribution of its products to the agricultural cooperatives Alsace Appro and Appro du Piémont. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2021/case-comments/evidence-of-services-rendered-the-paris-court-of-appeal-considers-that" rel="bookmark"><strong> Evidence of services rendered:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal considers that unjustified commercial cooperation invoices cannot prove a claim (<em>Conforama France / Industria Conciaria Volturno, High Point Real Estate</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-29T22:00:00Z">30 March 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 120</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101918 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Court of Appeal ruled that failure to comply with the transparency rules imposed by Articles L. 441-3 et seq. 441-3 et seq. of the Commercial Code in the version applicable to the facts of the dispute, constitutes not only a criminal offence, but also a violation of the provisions of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2021/chroniques/resale-at-a-loss-the-unfair-trade-practices-review-commission-considers-that" rel="bookmark"><strong>Resale at a loss:</strong> The Unfair Trade Practices Review Commission considers that the increase in the resale at a loss threshold provided for by Order No. 2018-1128 of December 12, 2018 (increase of 10 in the SRP) only concerns resales to consumers</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-17T23:00:00Z">18 March 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 269</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100541 introduction entry-content"> <p>A law firm asked the CEPC for its opinion on the scope of application of the increase of the resale at loss threshold resulting from the ordinance n° 2018-1128 of 12 December 2018 taken in application of the EGALIM law. The CEPC considers that the increase of the resale at a loss threshold (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2021/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-french-competition-authority-decides-that-judges-must" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The French Competition Authority decides that judges must verify whether the commercial conditions are the result of a genuine negotiation (<em>MJA Financière d’Aguesseau / AMC DCF</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-02T23:00:00Z">3 March 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 167</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100537 introduction entry-content"> <p>This very rich judgment, which rules on both significant imbalance and the reality of services rendered, should be read with care, as it seems to open the door to a stricter approach to the notion of negotiation allowing the failure of significant imbalance. In this case, a supplier of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/guillaume-daieff">Guillaume Daieff</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/isabelle-de-silva">Isabelle De Silva</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/linda-arcelin">Linda Arcelin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mathilde-boudou">Odile Mathilde Boudou</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/yann-utzschneider">Yann Utzschneider</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/anouk-clamens">Anouk Clamens</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/christophe-lemaire">Christophe Lemaire</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2021/on-topic/ddadue-bill-simple-adaptation-or-reform-of-french-competition-law-en" rel="bookmark">DDADUE bill: Simple adaptation or reform of French competition law?</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 3845</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-98841 introduction entry-content"> <p>This set of articles is dedicated to the changes made to the French competition law by the DDADUE bill of December 3, 2020. Both the law on restrictive competition practices and the law on anti-competitive practices are affected by the necessary transposition of EU directives (directives 2019/1, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2021/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-paris-court-of-appeal-after-ruling-that-there-was-no" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal finds that end of year rebates based on pre-sales are unbalanced after rejecting a claim based on an alleged abuse of economic dependence (<em>Isocalor / Dalkia</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-11-24T23:00:00Z">25 November 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 514</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99153 introduction entry-content"> <p>Since 2006, Dalkia has had a commercial relationship with Isocalor Energie, a company specialising in HVAC engineering and thermal insulation. In 2017, revenue was reduced and Isocalor brought an action against Dalkia for abusively exploiting a situation of economic dependence, partially (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2021/chroniques/economic-dependance-the-french-civil-supreme-court-confirms-that-a-business" rel="bookmark"><strong>Economic dependance:</strong> The French Supreme Court confirms that a business relationship that is interrupted and then resumed at a later date cannot, for the calculation of seniority, be traced back to its origin and that the termination without notice must not take into account the economic dependence that results from the partner’s liability (<em>Apodiss</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-11-17T23:00:00Z">18 November 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 267</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99149 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Apodiss company was a service provider for the Cardinal Group in the real estate sector. This collaboration resulted in the creation of Cardinal Consulting, in which Apodiss took a 33% stake. In October 2005, a service agreement was concluded between the Cardinal Group and Apodiss, under the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2021/chroniques/disproportionate-benefit-the-paris-court-of-appeal-after-having-declared-that" rel="bookmark"><strong>Disproportionate benefit:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal, after having declared that the prohibition of restrictive competition practices was applicable to subcontracts, refuses to control the price negotiated between the parties pursuant to article L.442-6 I 1° C. com. (<em>O.C. Residences / Le ministre de l’Économie et des finances</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-11-03T23:00:00Z">4 November 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 249</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100538 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Court of Appeal has made a surprising decision in a dispute between the company OC Résidences, a builder of individual houses, and the Minister of the Economy. One of its subcontractors, 3 J Charpentes, had complained to the Competition Directorate about the practices of its principal, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2021/chroniques/sudden-termination-the-french-civil-supreme-court-decides-that-a-wrongful" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides that a wrongful termination of a commercial relationship for failure to comply with the notice period must be compensated by the granting of the gross margin lost, regardless of the actual change in the victim’s sales after the end of the relationship (<em>Eurolia Europe liquide agro</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-10-13T22:00:00Z">14 October 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 239</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99148 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Cassation decides that a wrongful termination of a commercial relationship for failure to comply with the notice period must be compensated by the granting of the gross margin lost, regardless of the actual change in the victim’s turnover after the end of the relationship. <br class='autobr' /> As of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2021/chroniques/sudden-termination-the-french-supreme-court-decides-that-the-compensation-for-en" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides that the compensation for damages resulting from sudden breach must not be made taking into account the gross margin but the margin on variable costs (<em>Alteo Gardanne</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-09-29T22:00:00Z">30 September 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 316</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99146 introduction entry-content"> <p>As of June 1, 1998, Aluminium Pechiney concluded several industrial cleaning contracts with Daniel. Alteo continued this relationship in place of Pechiney until 2 September 2013, when it informed Daniel of the launch of a bidding procedure for a start date in January 2014. Daniel considered that (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2020/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-french-supreme-court-confirms-the-nullity-of-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The French Supreme Court confirms the nullity of the parity clauses and the last available room in the participation contracts for a property offered by the platform to hoteliers, as contravening the prohibition of clauses providing for automatic alignment with the conditions offered to competitors, but refuses to regard this as a significant imbalance (<em>Expedia</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-07-07T22:00:00Z">8 July 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 548</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-97646 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a much-awaited decision, the Court of Cassation ruled in the Expédia online hotel reservation platform case, and in particular on the various points raised by the Paris Court of Appeal’s decision, which had annulled the parity clauses and the last available room in a didactic decision that (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2020/chroniques/reform-the-french-parliament-examines-a-bill-that-significantly-reforms-the-law" rel="bookmark"><strong>Reform:</strong> The French Parliament examines a bill that significantly reforms the law of restrictive competition practices in the distribution sector</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-06-29T22:00:00Z">30 June 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 361</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-96174 introduction entry-content"> <p>Following the publication of the report of the committee of inquiry and using the economic crisis and the price war announced by some retailers as a pretext, a group of majority MEPs aims to "put more ethics in the definition of the fair price between the agricultural and non-agricultural world, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2020/chroniques/selling-at-lost-the-french-government-commits-to-maintain-the-mechanism" rel="bookmark"><strong>Selling at lost:</strong> The French Government commits to maintain the mechanism supervising promotions and the increase of the threshold for selling at a loss applicable to food products (<em>Bill for the acceleration and simplification of the public action</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-03-05T23:00:00Z">6 March 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 150</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-94863 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article 3 of the Ordinance of 12 December 2018, taken in application of the so-called Egalim law (2018-938 of 30 October 2018 for balanced trade relations in the agricultural and food sector and healthy, sustainable and accessible food for all), provides since 1 January 2019 that the promotional (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2020/chroniques/invoicing-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-the-statute-of-limitations-for-an" rel="bookmark"><strong>Limitation period:</strong> The French Supreme Court rules that the statute of limitations for an action for payment runs from the moment when the service ordered has been performed, and not from the date of the invoice (<em>Hydroc</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-02-25T23:00:00Z">26 February 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 175</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-97635 introduction entry-content"> <p>A small reminder on the relationship between prescription and billing rules is given by the Court of Cassation in a ruling that will be published in the Bulletin. <br class='autobr' /> The facts were simple, a Hydroc company carried out three studies in March 2008 and October 2009 following quotes sent to its (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2020/chroniques/sudden-termination-the-french-supreme-court-considers-that-the-judges-cannot" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that the judges cannot substitute the basis for wrongful breach of contract with the basis for sudden termination of established commercial relationship, which is the jurisdiction of specialized courts (<em>Rector Lesage / De Rijke Alsace</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-01-28T23:00:00Z">29 January 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 165</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-94858 introduction entry-content"> <p>A non-specialized court shall hear a claim for damages arising from the termination of a transport contract for a fixed period of two years, renewable by tacit agreement, before the end of the contract with immediate effect. <br class='autobr' /> The Court of Appeal had held that the commercial relationship had (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2020/chroniques/sudden-termination-the-french-supreme-court-considers-that-the-recruitment-by-a" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that the recruitment by a client of an employee of its service provider does not dispense with giving notice proportionate to the duration of the business relationship (<em>Sum / Essilor</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-01-28T23:00:00Z">29 January 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 188</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-94860 introduction entry-content"> <p>This judgment confirms the Court of Cassation’s practical approach to the conditions under which a party may be exempted from giving notice proportionate to the duration of the commercial relations. In the present case, the company The machining and metallization department (Sum) had been doing (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2020/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-french-supreme-court-decides-that-pursuant-to-article" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides that pursuant to Article L 442-6 I 2° of the French Commercial Code, a commercial partner is a party with whom the other party commits, or is about to commit, to a commercial relationship without any other condition, either in terms of duration or stability of the commercial relationship (<em>Cometik-Locam</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-01-14T23:00:00Z">15 January 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 429</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-94861 introduction entry-content"> <p>The significant imbalance in its initial wording and in the wording applicable since the Order of 24 April 2019 presupposes a precondition: the submission of one partner by the other contracting party to this imbalance. Indeed, while the Order has removed the reference to the "trading partner", (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2020/chroniques/sudden-termination-the-paris-court-of-appeal-considers-that-if-the-economic" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal considers that if the economic crisis can constitute a case of force majeure, it must still be proven to dispense a written notice (<em>Carrefour France / Ministre Économie and Coopérative Légumière Crimart</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-01-07T23:00:00Z">8 January 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 231</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-96172 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Court of Appeal upheld the conviction of Carrefour, which had severed commercial relations with one of its suppliers without warning. A cooperative had been supplying ED and then Dia within the Carrefour group since 1996 after various legal restructurings. In 2014, the cooperative was (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2020/case-comments/commercial-transparency-the-french-government-publishes-the-decree-enumerating" rel="bookmark"><strong>Commercial transparency:</strong> The French Government publishes the decree enumerating the list of large consumption products that must be the subject of detailed negotiation and contract, pursuant to Article L. 441-4 of the French Commercial Code (<em>Décret no 2019-1413</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-12-18T23:00:00Z">19 December 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 183</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93330 introduction entry-content"> <p>After having put the project out to consultation, the Minister for the Economy published, in the JORF of 21 December 2019, Decree No 2019-1413 of 19 December 2019 relating to the list of consumer products mentioned in Article L. 441-4 C. com. This decree comes into force on 22 December 2019 in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2020/case-comments/sudden-break-the-french-supreme-court-decides-that-the-actualisation-of-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden break:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides that the actualisation of the damage caused by the termination of commercial relations can only be the legal interest rate and not the rate applicable in the event of late payment of invoices provided for by the former Article L. 441-6 of the Commercial Code (<em>Externis / Dinadis</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-12-17T23:00:00Z">18 December 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 213</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93336 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a judgment on the abrupt termination of commercial relations between a logistics service provider (Dinadis) and its principal (Externis), the Paris Court of Appeal upheld the application for judgment on the ground that the notice period was insufficient and awarded Dinadis compensation with (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2020/case-comments/sudden-break-the-french-supreme-court-approves-the-judges-declaring" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden break:</strong> The French Supreme Court approves the judges declaring inadmissible an action for compensation for the termination of a commercial relationship brought by several plaintiffs and based indiscriminately on contractual and tortious liability (<em>Expertises-Rarecars / Artcurial</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-12-03T23:00:00Z">4 December 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 187</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93335 introduction entry-content"> <p>An expert in car valuations worked with the auction company Artcurial. After founding a Rarecars company, he continued the relationship with this auctioneer’s company through him. After seven years of collaboration, Artcurial decided to terminate the contract. The expert first tries to have the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2020/case-comments/significant-imbalance-the-french-supreme-court-considers-that-in-order-for-a" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that in order for a contract clause to be considered as unbalanced, the proof of both the submission and the constraint imposed must first be provided (<em>ITM Alimentaire International</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-11-19T23:00:00Z">20 November 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 283</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93332 introduction entry-content"> <p>The significant imbalance in its initial wording and in the wording applicable since the Order of 24 April 2019 presupposes a precondition: the submission of one partner by the other contracting party to this imbalance. Indeed, while the Order has removed the reference to the "trading partner", (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2020/case-comments/administrative-sanctions-the-french-administration-is-increasingly-condemning" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sanctions:</strong> The French Administration is increasingly condemning companies’ overdue payments (<em>Colis privé, GEFCO, EDF, SFR</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-11-17T23:00:00Z">18 November 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 409</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93331 introduction entry-content"> <p>A fine of 1 500 000 euros has been imposed by the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur regional directorate of companies, competition, consumption, labour and employment (DIRECCTE) on the company SAS Colis Privé for late payment of its suppliers’ invoices. <br class='autobr' /> A fine of 1 600 000 euros has been imposed by (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2019/chroniques/sanction-the-paris-commercial-court-partially-grants-the-requests-of-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sanction:</strong> The Paris Commercial Court partially grants the requests of the Minister of Economy and sentences two companies of the same group operating an international platform to 4 million euros for unbalanced contractual clauses binding one of them to third party sellers (<em>Amazon</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-09-01T22:00:00Z">2 September 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 271</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92386 introduction entry-content"> <p>After an investigation initiated in 2015, the French Minister of the Economy brought a quasi-tort liability action against three companies of the Amazon Service Europe group, Amazon Payments Europe and Amazon France Services (APE, ASE AND AFS) for practices observed during commercial relations (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2019/chroniques/french-polynesia-the-polynesian-competition-authority-imposes-a-eur2-million" rel="bookmark"><strong>French Polynesia:</strong> The Polynesian Competition Authority imposes a €2 Million fine (FCP 235 Million) to a distributor for imposing a discriminatory and excessive pricing on his beverage suppliers for the provision of refrigerated exposure (<em>Wane</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-08-21T22:00:00Z">22 August 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 240</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92411 introduction entry-content"> <p>Beverage suppliers complained about the new financial conditions adopted by the Wane group from 2015 to be remunerated for the installation of beverages in its refrigerated cabinets. The monthly billing per door was significantly higher than in the past. The Wane group, which had several outlets (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2019/chroniques/buying-agent-the-paris-court-of-appeal-requires-a-laboratory-to-communicate-its" rel="bookmark"><strong>Buying agent:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal requires a laboratory to communicate its general terms and conditions of sales corresponding to the category of pharmacists to a purchasing group company (SRA) set up by pharmacists (<em>Pyxis Pharma / Cooper</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-07-03T22:00:00Z">4 July 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 387</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92385 introduction entry-content"> <p>It is a long battle that seems to be turning to the advantage of dispensing pharmacists who had opted for the SRA pursuant to Article D. 5125-24-1 of the CSP. The SRA is unique in that it is made up of dispensing pharmacists and acts on behalf of member pharmacies. In the present case Pixis (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2019/chroniques/sudden-break-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-in-the-event-of-a-persistent" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden break:</strong> The French Supreme Court rules that in the event of a persistent disagreement on the purchase price of a wine vintage, the termination may not be attributed to either party (<em>Château Baret</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-07-02T22:00:00Z">3 July 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 196</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92387 introduction entry-content"> <p>The species was quite original and deserves a little explanation. A castle in the Bordeaux region (Chateau Baret) had been in a commercial relationship with a merchant for about thirty years without any reason to change it. The 2009 vintage will be a casus belli between the parties. The (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2019/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-paris-court-of-appeal-rules-that-the-general-terms" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal rules that the general terms and conditions of purchase, which systematically take precedence over the general terms and conditions of sale and impose discount conditions without consideration, can be qualified as a significant imbalance within the meaning of the French Commercial Code (<em>GEEPF</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-06-11T22:00:00Z">12 June 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 207</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-91564 introduction entry-content"> <p>This judgment is very significant because it was handed down in a relationship between a manufacturer and its suppliers and not between a distributor and its supplier. In the present case, GE Energy Product France (GE EPF) is a major manufacturer of medium and large gas turbines which was the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2019/chroniques/sudden-termination-the-french-supreme-court-refuses-to-consider-that-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court refuses to consider that the contractual failure to submit accounts in the performance of an affiliation contract constitutes a circumstance allowing the contract to be terminated without notice (<em>Transgourmet / Slad</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-06-04T22:00:00Z">5 June 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 189</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-91562 introduction entry-content"> <p>The transparency of negotiations in distribution networks is a source of major disputes sometimes linked to the notion of mandate between the network head and the members. The Court of Cassation in a dispute between a Bricorama franchisor and its franchisee approved the Paris Court of Appeals (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2019/chroniques/sudden-termination-the-french-supreme-court-decides-that-the-commercial" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides that the commercial relationship must be understood as the contractual links existing between the companies, without taking into account the notion of parent and subsidiary companies (<em>Rotosiam Batfim / Carrefour</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-05-06T22:00:00Z">7 May 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 237</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-91558 introduction entry-content"> <p>This case is quite revealing of the difficulty of including in the termination of commercial relations the notion of industrial relations within a group. In the first years of application of the text, the case law was fairly flexible with the victims and accepted that they could include in the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2019/chroniques/sudden-termination-the-french-s-upreme-court-decides-that-the-continuation-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides that the continuation of discussions and negotiations for the renewal of an agent’s contract does not prevent the notification of the termination (<em>Garage Jean Charles Nacci / Auto diffusion Saint Etienne</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-05-06T22:00:00Z">7 May 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 261</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-91560 introduction entry-content"> <p>The case involved a former Renault agent and his counsel, who himself had succeeded a Renault subsidiary. Indeed, in 2009 Renault had sold a branch to an independent dealer who had retained the Renault agents, the Renault agent and Dacia in place since 1980 in the contract territory. <br class='autobr' /> The new (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2019/chroniques/reform-the-french-government-publishes-an-order-amending-title-iv-of-book-iv-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Reform:</strong> The French government publishes an order amending Title IV of Book IV of the French Commercial Code simplifying the law on unfair commercial practices in France while maintaining a close framework for contractual relationships between professionals, as well as the texts of compliance and consistency (<em>Egalim law</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-04-23T22:00:00Z">24 April 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 304</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-91565 introduction entry-content"> <p>For a complete and detailed study of the reform, read also the proceedings of the conference "The rewriting of Title IV of Book IV of the Commercial Code", organised on 4 April 2019 in Nanterre, under the direction of A.-S. Choné-Grimaldi, Revue ConcurrencesN° 3-2019, www.concurrences.com. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2019/chroniques/black-clauses-the-european-parliament-and-the-council-publish-the-directive" rel="bookmark"><strong>Black clauses:</strong> The European Parliament and the Council publish the directive establishing a list of black and grey clauses in the food chain</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-04-16T22:00:00Z">17 April 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 493</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-91566 introduction entry-content"> <p>The directive on unfair commercial practices in business-to-business relations within the food supply chain was adopted after much hesitation and multiple phases of negotiations (for the historical Emilie Prouzet at the conference "La réécriture du titre IV du livre IV du code de commerce", (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2019/chroniques/xxx-xxx-food-supply-chain" rel="bookmark"><strong>Proposal for a directive:</strong> The European Parliament and the Council are about to definitively adopt the European Commission’s proposal for a directive establishing a list of black and grey clauses in business-to-business relationships</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-03-11T23:00:00Z">12 March 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 390</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90264 introduction entry-content"> <p>The proposal for a directive on unfair commercial practices in business-to-business relations in the food supply chain presented on 12 April 2018 included a number of prohibited clauses (Concurrences n° 3-2018, Art. n°87606, pp. 119-120 J.-L. F.) During the trialogue negotiations, an agreement (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2019/chroniques/charity-the-paris-court-of-appeal-rules-that-a-non-profit-making-association" rel="bookmark"><strong>Charity:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal rules that a non-profit-making association may exercise a paid activity of supply service and then be sued before specialised courts in case of sudden breach of commercial relationships (<em>CNSUE / SEA TPI</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-11-29T23:00:00Z">30 November 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 140</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89453 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Comité national de sécurité des usagers (CNSUE) is an association under the law of 1901, approved by the public authorities, which issues electricians with certificates of conformity for electrical installations. After having outsourced its IT service to a service provider, the Committee (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2019/chroniques/civil-fine-the-french-constitutional-council-decides-that-the-significant" rel="bookmark"><strong>Civil fine:</strong> The French Constitutional Council decides that the significant imbalance prohibited by Article L. 442-6 of the French Commercial Code is in conformity with the constitution even if it allows the judicial control of the prices and the imposition of a civil fine (<em>Interdis / Minister Economy</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-11-29T23:00:00Z">30 November 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 223</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89456 introduction entry-content"> <p>See also this issue, under "Practices", C. Grimaldi, Price Control in Distribution Contracts: Controlling the Evolution or the Level of Prices? <br class='autobr' /> Opponents of the significant imbalance introduced in the Commercial Code in 2008 had placed high hopes on the QPC transmitted by the Court of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2019/chroniques/penalties-for-delay-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-provisions-regarding" rel="bookmark"><strong>Penalties for delay:</strong> The French Supreme Court rules that provisions regarding payment period are only applicable to firms in business (<em>AJ construction</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-11-27T23:00:00Z">28 November 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 149</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89451 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a somewhat original case, the fund judges had ordered the beneficiary of the transferred contract to pay an indemnity but had not attached to this amount the penalty provided for by the C. com. The Court of Cassation refused to allow the intermediary’s appeal because "the provisions of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2019/chroniques/reform-the-french-government-establishes-a-draft-order-amending-title-iv-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Reform:</strong> The French Government establishes a draft order amending Title IV of Book IV of the French Commercial Code aiming to simplify the law on unfair commercial practices in France while maintaining a close framework for business-to-business relationships, which will be analysed by the French Supreme Administrative Court (<em>Law n°2018-938</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-10-29T23:00:00Z">30 October 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 685</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90400 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Order of 1 December 1986, by repealing the Orders of 30 June 1945, led to a profound overhaul of competition law, on the one hand, by establishing the principle of freedom of prices and competition and entrusting the Competition Council with the task of sanctioning anti-competitive (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2019/chroniques/charity-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-relationships-between-a-charity-and" rel="bookmark"><strong>Charity:</strong> The French Supreme Court rules that relationships between a charity and one of its previous member are not subject to the prohibition of a significant imbalance (<em>Association commerçant / Flunch</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-10-10T22:00:00Z">11 October 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 99</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89455 introduction entry-content"> <p>Shopping centre leases often require the lessee to join a merchants’ association, the purpose of which is to promote the centre. In order to challenge certain clauses of the statutes, lessees have had the idea of having certain statutory clauses invalidated on the grounds of freedom of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2018/chroniques/increase-the-french-parliament-adopts-in-last-reading-the-law-agriculture-and" rel="bookmark"><strong>Increase:</strong> The French Parliament adopts in last reading the Law ’agriculture and food’ authorising the French Government to adopts by the way of ordonnance a 10% increase of the sale at loss threshold as well as to frame food products discounts (<em>Legislative proposal n°627</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-10-01T22:00:00Z">2 October 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 135</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88290 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article 15 of the Act empowers the Government to take by ordinance, within four months of the publication of this Act, any measure falling within the scope of the Act and falling within the scope of the Com. com. necessary to provide for a period of two years : To apply a coefficient equal to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2018/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-french-supreme-court-decides-to-transmit-to-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides to transmit to the constitutional council a priority question of constitutionality relating to article L 442-6, 2 of the French Commercial Code prohibiting significant imbalance (<em>Minister of Economy / Interdis & Carrefour</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-09-26T22:00:00Z">27 September 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 173</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88285 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a dispute between them and the Minister of the Economy, Interdis and Carrefour had convinced the Paris Commercial Court to ask two priority questions of constitutionality: one on the significant imbalance (Art. L 442-6 2° C com.) and the other on the annual agreements (Art. L 441-7) (see "The (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2018/chroniques/integral-repayment-the-french-supreme-court-decides-that-commercial-cooperation" rel="bookmark"><strong>Integral repayment:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides that commercial cooperation services for services that suppliers assume themselves or that fictitious services must be reimbursed pursuant to Article L. 442-6 1° of the French Commercial Code (<em>Système U / Minister of Economy</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-09-25T22:00:00Z">26 September 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 180</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88284 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Commercial Chamber of the Paris Court of Appeal had issued a ruling on the punishment of false commercial cooperation and had sentenced a distributor (Système U) at the request of the Minister of the Economy to reimburse the full amount of the commercial cooperation it had received from (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2018/chroniques/arbitration-clause-the-paris-court-of-appeal-decides-that-the-possible" rel="bookmark"><strong>Arbitration clause:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal decides that the possible significant imbalance of a commercial relationship has no effect on the validity of an arbitration clause because of the autonomy of the clause in relation to the contract that contains it (<em>Subway</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-09-10T22:00:00Z">11 September 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 296</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88286 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Court of Appeal has applied the established case law limiting the challenge to the validity of an arbitration clause in a case that is nevertheless original in the context of the review of the order for enforcement of an arbitral award. A Subway franchisee in Narbonne was opposed to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2018/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-paris-commercial-court-grants-a-request-for-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The Paris Commercial Court grants a request for the transmission of a « QPC » relating to Articles L. 442-6 and L. 441-7 of the French Commercial Code (<em>Carrefour</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-07-01T22:00:00Z">2 July 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 194</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-87670 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Minister of the Economy has referred a request to the Paris Commercial Court, under Article L 442-6 I 2° prohibiting significant imbalance, for a ruling against the companies in the Carrefour group for attempting to impose an additional distribution discount as a precondition for (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2018/chroniques/large-retail-stores-the-french-parliament-examines-a-legislative-proposal" rel="bookmark"><strong>Large retail stores:</strong> The French Parliament examines a legislative proposal aiming to protect city-centre small shops against the excessive establishment of large retail stores (<em>Legislative proposal n°1115</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 102</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88289 introduction entry-content"> <p>The parliament is examining a bill aimed at strengthening control over the establishment of large supermarkets. <br class='autobr' /> Article 1 reduces the threshold of sales area to 400 m² as opposed to the current 1 000 m², above which authorisation is required for any creation or commercial extension in the food (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2018/chroniques/billing-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-pursuant-to-article-l-441-6-of-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Billing:</strong> The French Supreme Court rules that, pursuant to Article L. 441-6 of the French Commercial Code, a lawyer in relation with a professional client must receive late penalties and a lump sum indemnity for recovery costs (<em>Cabinet Patrick Desbordes ; Mesa Industries</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-05-02T22:00:00Z">3 May 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 176</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-87676 introduction entry-content"> <p>These two judgments, handed down on the same day and promised for publication, deal with the relationship between a lawyer and his professional clients and confirm that the ordinary law on payment periods also applies to regulated professions. <br class='autobr' /> Both cases involved disputes between a lawyer and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-fasquelle">Daniel Fasquelle</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2018/interview/daniel-fasquelle-national-assembly-a-professor-s-take-of-lawmaking" rel="bookmark">Daniel Fasquelle (French National Assembly): A professor’s take of lawmaking</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 743</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-86770 introduction entry-content"> <p>Interview conducted by Jean-Louis Fourgoux, Partner, Fidal, Paris. <br class='autobr' /> Daniel Fasquelle, you defended a doctoral thesis on the rule of reason in European competition law before becoming a professor of law and, since 2007, Member of Parliament for Pas-de-Calais. You are also a holder of the CAPA. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2018/chroniques/proposal-for-a-directive-the-european-parliament-and-the-council-adopt-a" rel="bookmark"><strong>Proposal for a directive:</strong> The European Parliament and the Council adopt a proposal for a directive in business-to-business relationships in the food supply chain aiming to prohibit certain unfair practices and to create national public authorities to investigate complaints</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-04-11T22:00:00Z">12 April 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 281</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-87675 introduction entry-content"> <p>French law on practices restricting competition is being emulated. France is often singled out for its abundant regulations designed to preserve the precarious balance between suppliers and distributors. This trend is not about to be reversed, particularly in the agricultural sector. The French (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2018/chroniques/specialized-jurisdictions-the-french-supreme-court-raises-the-lack-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Specialized jurisdictions:</strong> The French Supreme Court raises the lack of jurisdiction of the Basse Terre Court of Appeal and of the Basse Terre Commercial Court to rule on Article L. 442-6 of the French Commercial Code (<em>Immobilière de Saint-Barthélemy</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-03-20T23:00:00Z">21 March 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 104</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-87669 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Cassation censors on a plea raised ex officio the courts of appeal and the non-specialized commercial courts which rule on claims falling within the limitation of jurisdiction. The Commercial Chamber points out in this case that the Basse-Terre Court, which was itself devoid of any (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/chantal-arens">Chantal Arens</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/muriel-chagny">Muriel Chagny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2018/livres/le-droit-francais-de-la-concurrence-trente-ans-apres-l-ordonnance-du-1er-102750" rel="bookmark">Le droit français de la concurrence, trente ans après: L’ordonnance du 1er décembre 1986: Rétrospectives et perspectives, Chantal ARENS, Muriel CHAGNY and Jean-Louis FOURGOUX </a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 122</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-102750 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2018/chroniques/payment-period-the-dgccrf-sanctions-more-and-more-heavily-the-failure-to" rel="bookmark"><strong>Payment period:</strong> The DGCCRF sanctions more and more heavily the failure to respect payment deadlines</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-01-17T17:29:37Z">17 January 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 315</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-86179 introduction entry-content"> <p>Since the law on the modernisation of the economy, known as the LME of 4 August 2008, the payment periods agreed between the parties to a contract between professionals have been capped. These contracts may not provide for payment periods that exceed the legal ceilings: 60 days net from the date (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2018/chroniques/submission-the-paris-court-of-appeal-refuses-to-condemn-contractual-clauses-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Submission:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal refuses to condemn contractual clauses of a major distributor in the absence of submission even in the presence of a significant imbalance (<em>ITM Alimentaire International</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-12-19T23:00:00Z">20 December 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 247</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-86914 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article L. 442-6-I-2° C. com. which prohibits "subjecting or attempting to subject the trading partner to obligations a significant imbalance" could be presented as a safeguard against the purchasing power of mass distribution. The first decisions of the Paris Court of Appeal, a specialized (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2018/chroniques/compatibility-the-french-supreme-court-through-its-commercial-and-criminal" rel="bookmark"><strong>Compatibility:</strong> The French Supreme Court, through its commercial and criminal chambers, dismisses the incompatibility of the ban on resale at a loss with the Directive on unfair commercial practices against consumers (<em>Alliance optique / Club opticlibre ; PM Dis et Central’Vet</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-11-21T23:00:00Z">22 November 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 518</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-86912 introduction entry-content"> <p>The first case concerns Club Opticlibre, a central purchasing body in the optical sector, bringing together independent opticians, which acquires products in order to resell them to its members on the basis of the commercial terms negotiated with suppliers, and Alliance Optique, carrying on the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2018/chroniques/penalty-for-delay-the-french-supreme-court-reminds-that-penalties-for-payment" rel="bookmark"><strong>Penalty for delay:</strong> The French Supreme Court reminds that penalties for payment delays provided for by Article L. 441-6 of the French Commercial Code are due ipso jure even if general agreements or contracts are silent on this point (<em>EEVML / Vert Limousin ; Face Languedoc Roussillon</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-11-21T23:00:00Z">22 November 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 305</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-86917 introduction entry-content"> <p>The identical double disciplinary censure by the Court of Cassation of the Courts of Appeal of Versailles and Montpellier in less than a month is indicative of a certain ignorance by the judges of the merits of Article L. 441-6 C. com... <br class='autobr' /> The facts were quite similar in both cases. In the first (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2018/chroniques/absence-of-brutal-termination-the-court-of-cassation-considers-that-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Absence of brutal termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that the momentary decline in orders due to a crisis suffered by the client can not be described as a sudden termination and that the price increase claimed by the service provider to compensate for the decrease in volume may justify a break (<em>Esquiss / Yves Dorsey</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-11-07T23:00:00Z">8 November 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 192</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-86182 introduction entry-content"> <p>This case marks the confirmation of the Caterpillar-CMI jurisprudence (Cass. com., Feb. 12, 2013, J-L. F), which states that a sudden break in the market presupposes a decision by the author and not a simple passing on of a market downturn, but goes further by specifying that the provider who (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2018/chroniques/burden-of-proof-the-court-of-cassation-decides-that-the-person-claiming-to-be" rel="bookmark"><strong>Burden of proof:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides that the person claiming to be the victim of a significant imbalance due to the refusal to revalue the tariff by the distributor customer must prove this by providing information on the composition of its costs (<em>Jonction 3B / Alinéa</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-10-24T22:00:00Z">25 October 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 126</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-86181 introduction entry-content"> <p>This judgment underlines the complexity of business life and the delicate borderline between tariff negotiations and practices restricting competition. <br class='autobr' /> The company Jonction 3B was the supplier of textile articles to the company Alinéa France (the company Alinéa), since July 29, 1999. In May (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2018/chroniques/invoicing-the-french-supreme-court-decides-pursuant-to-article-l-441-3-of-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Invoicing:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides pursuant to Article L 441-3 of the Commercial Code that the invoice of a commissionaire does not necessarily have to show the margin on its subcontractors (<em>CAFOM Distribution / Somatrans</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 221</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-86178 introduction entry-content"> <p>Several companies of the Cafom Group, which operates furniture distribution stores under various trade names, have entrusted the transport of goods for more than 20 years to a freight forwarder (the Somatrans company). When they discovered that Somatrans had invoiced its subcontractors for (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2017/chroniques/action-of-the-minister-the-french-supreme-court-refuses-to-transmit-to-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Action of the minister:</strong> The French Supreme Court refuses to transmit to the French Constitutional Council a question on Article L. 442-6, III of the French Commercial Code allowing the Minister of Economy to inform only in appeal the parties to a contract that it intends to pursue nullity on the ground of that Article (<em>Système U centrale nationale</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-07-10T22:00:00Z">11 July 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 144</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-85204 introduction entry-content"> <p>In the context of a dispute between the national central company Système U and the Minister for Economic Affairs and Finance, the latter raised the unconstitutionality of the interpretation of Article L 442-6III of the Civil Code, thereby, according to Système U, violating the principle of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2017/chroniques/call-for-tenders-the-paris-court-of-appeal-refuses-to-grant-interim-measures" rel="bookmark"><strong>Call for tenders:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal refuses to grant interim measures for the continuation of non-renewable commercial relations following a call for tenders in the absence of imminent damage (<em>Terminaux de Normandie c/ NYK</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-07-04T22:00:00Z">5 July 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 185</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-85201 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a contract dated 21 August 2012, the G6 alliance entrusted, after a call for tenders, the exclusive handling of the ships of the shipowner companies of its grouping at a terminal in the Port of Le Havre to the company TN. <br class='autobr' /> On 5 August 2016, the Grouping informed its service provider of its (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2017/chroniques/commercial-terms-confidentiality-justified-refusal-of-communication" rel="bookmark"><strong>Transparency:</strong> The French Supreme Court decides that transparency within a franchise network - including under the negotiating mandate - does not allow franchisees to access to commercial terms with all suppliers (<em>Ploneour / Bricorama</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-06-07T22:00:00Z">8 June 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 218</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-84514 introduction entry-content"> <p>In this case, a former franchisee of the Bricorama network left the network to join the Weldom network. In the context of the dispute which arose with Bricorama following his departure, that former franchisee demanded payment of end-of-year discounts from Bricorama and documents justifying the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2017/chroniques/compelling-behaviour-the-french-supreme-court-rules-that-a-contract-could-be" rel="bookmark"><strong>Compelling behaviour:</strong> The French Supreme Court rules that a contract could be criticized under the prohibition of significant imbalance only if the perpetrator of the practice has constrained the other party (<em>Netasq-ECONOCOM</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-06-07T22:00:00Z">8 June 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 230</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-85195 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Cassation ruled, in a case not involving mass distribution, on Article L 442-6 I 2°, which refers to the fact of "subjecting or attempting to subject a trading partner to obligations that create a significant imbalance in the rights and obligations of the parties", and sets out the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2017/chroniques/restrictive-practices-of-competition-categorical-sales-conditions-criteria-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Categorical sales conditions:</strong> The French Supreme Court points out, in very clear terms, the need for suppliers to establish their categorical conditions of sale on the basis of objective criteria and to justify them in the event of refusal to communicate pursuant to Article L 441-6 of the French Commercial Code (<em>Pyxis / Cooper</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-03-28T22:00:00Z">29 March 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 491</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-84496 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Cassation, in the context of relations between a laboratory and pharmacies, recalls the need for suppliers to establish the categorical conditions of sale on the basis of objective criteria. <br class='autobr' /> In this case, a pharmaceutical company had brought before the Paris Tribunal de Grande (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2017/chroniques/observatory-of-payment-period-french-commission-for-examination-of-unfair" rel="bookmark"><strong>2016 Report:</strong> The Observatory of payment period (2016 Report) shows a reduction in payment periods in France which is encouraged by the French Commission for examination of unfair commercial practices (<em>Payment periods conditions of suppliers</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-03-22T23:00:00Z">23 March 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 185</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-84498 introduction entry-content"> <p>Payment periods are subject to mandatory regulations for certain products or services such as the sale of live cattle and fresh meat for which payment must be made within twenty days following the day of delivery, the sale of perishable food products for which payment must be made within thirty (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2017/chroniques/scope-of-the-clause-change-of-the-territory-non-applicability-the-french" rel="bookmark"><strong>Scope of the clause:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that a non-compete clause only seeking the initial territory given to a commercial agent is not applicable if this territory was modified three times without contract amendment (<em>Cafpi</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-02-28T23:00:00Z">1 March 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 163</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-84516 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Cassation considers that a non-competition clause which only covers the territory initially entrusted to a commercial agent is not applicable if this territory has been modified three times without amendment. Morality either it is a resurgence of the notion of cause in the contract (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2017/chroniques/annual-report-the-directorate-general-for-competition-consumption-and" rel="bookmark"><strong>Annual report:</strong> The Directorate-general for competition consumption and repression of fraud (DGCCRF) publishes its 2016 report, which highlights the strengthening of the administration’s action on restrictive practices</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-02-22T23:00:00Z">23 February 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 236</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83859 introduction entry-content"> <p>The DGCCRF is no longer solely in charge of investigations - even if the control of practices has been very sustained (in 2016, DGCCRF agents carried out 13,356 control actions concerning the balance of trade relations) - but now has the power to impose administrative sanctions, extended since (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2017/chroniques/breach-of-commercial-relationships-the-paris-court-of-appeal-dismisses-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Breach of commercial relationships:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal dismisses the supplier ‘s complaint two years after the rupture and while no claim had been made in writing <em>(Nelly de France / GALEC)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-02-21T23:00:00Z">22 February 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 142</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83856 introduction entry-content"> <p>For the Court, it is important for the person claiming to be a victim to prove that the break-up is attributable to him or her. The judgment adds that the supplier cannot hide behind the unbalanced balance of power, nor the fact that most of the discussions were oral. This decision deserves to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-gauvin">Alain Gauvin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/irene-luc">Irène Luc</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Maurice-Nussenbaum">Maurice Nussenbaum</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/muriel-chagny">Muriel Chagny</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2017/conferences/what-attractiveness-of-competition-law-at-the-date-of-reforms-competition-s" rel="bookmark">What attractiveness of competition law at the date of reforms? (Competition’s interviews: New competitive opportunities before ordinary courts, October 18, 2016)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 665</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83415 introduction entry-content"> <p>The third edition of “Entretiens de la concurrence”, focusing on the new economic and legal opportunities before ordinary courts, aimed to emphasise on the specific nature and assets of those jurisdictions in competition law. Having to implement competition law rules in a globalized economy, the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2017/chroniques/commercial-relationships-the-paris-court-of-appeal-holds-that-a-succession-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Commercial relationships:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal holds that a succession of commercial leases does not constitute a commercial relationship <em>(ATS / Pierre et Vacances)</em> </a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-01-26T23:00:00Z">27 January 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 127</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83857 introduction entry-content"> <p>In that judgment, the Paris Court of Appeal was asked whether a succession since 1998 of seasonal commercial leases granted by Pierre et Vacances to ATS for the operation of several mini-markets within holiday resorts could be subject to the provisions of Article L. 442-6, I, 5°. In 2011, Pierre (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2017/chroniques/commercial-relationships-the-french-supreme-court-clarifies-the-applicability" rel="bookmark"><strong>Commercial relationships:</strong> The French Supreme Court clarifies the applicability to an association of the commercial relationship within the meaning of Article L. 442-6, I, 5 ° <em>(Rubis / GMPA et Allianz Vie)</em> </a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-01-24T23:00:00Z">25 January 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 220</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83858 introduction entry-content"> <p>The somewhat tangled facts of this case will lead the Court of Cassation to issue a ruling of principle that is promised to be published. The Rubis company had contracted with the insurance company Allianz vie, a credit institution and the association Groupement de prévoyance des armées (GMPA). (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2017/chroniques/duration-of-notice-the-french-supreme-court-considers-that-the-lack-of-social" rel="bookmark"><strong>Duration of notice :</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that the lack of social labelling of a service provider in the field of meat contracting cannot justify a breach without proportionate notice to the duration of the commercial relations, limited to 1 year in the absence of justification for economic dependence <em>(Bigard)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-12-05T23:00:00Z">6 December 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 187</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83385 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Bigard Group ended its commercial relations with a service provider, Nordesosse, after two months’ contractual notice, as it had not obtained social label certification following an audit by Veritas. The Court of Cassation agreed with the trial judges, who noted that the purpose of the audit (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2017/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-french-supreme-court-considers-that-the-first" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that the First Instance Court of Paris may examine request introduced by a lessee against a lessor on the ground of significant imbalance and status of commercial lease <em>(H&M)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-10-17T22:00:00Z">18 October 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 137</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83391 introduction entry-content"> <p>H&M contested the behaviour of its lessor on the grounds of a fault during negotiations for the renewal of a commercial lease, but also on the grounds of the significant imbalance to which the lessor had attempted to subject it during those negotiations. The Commercial Court of Paris had (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2017/chroniques/notice-the-french-supreme-court-approves-the-sovereign-analysis-of-the-paris" rel="bookmark"><strong>Notice :</strong> The French Supreme Court approves the sovereign analysis of the Paris Court of Appeal holding that the economic dependence of pharmaceutical company vis-à-vis its supplier required a respected notice without substantial change, for thirty-six months <em>(Saint Gobain)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-10-03T22:00:00Z">4 October 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 312</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83383 introduction entry-content"> <p>At a time when the extensive application of Article L. 442-6 I 5°) is being criticised for undermining the ability of businesses to adapt, this ruling confirms the essential protection of economic partners, including those outside the food distribution sector, so that greater fairness in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2016/case-comments/contractual-relationships-the-french-supreme-court-considers-that-the-business" rel="bookmark"><strong>Contractual relationships:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that the business relationship may cover contractual relationships and isolated orders in the business stream even if they are of low weight <em>(Eclatec)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-09-05T22:00:00Z">6 September 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 140</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82067 introduction entry-content"> <p>This is an important practical issue that the Court of Cassation seems to rule in favour of greater protection for evicted partners. <br class='autobr' /> One carrier (Marchal) had a two-year contract with a lighting company (Eclatec) and terminated it after 5 years and then stopped all commercial relations with (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2016/case-comments/sudden-termination-the-french-supreme-court-considers-that-the-succession-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that the succession of two providers of quality companies may in some cases constitute a unique relationship <em>(Excell communication / Média international masculin)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-09-05T22:00:00Z">6 September 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 140</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82068 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Cassation seems to be shifting somewhat from a direction that had reduced the notion of an established commercial relationship to situations in which several companies succeed one another. <br class='autobr' /> The facts are fairly traditional. A communications agency provides design and publishing (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2016/case-comments/termination-of-business-relationships-the-supreme-court-quashes-judges-who-had" rel="bookmark"><strong>Termination of business relationships:</strong> The French Supreme Court quashes judges who had not characterized the existence of a single commercial relationship following resumption of business <em>(Expeditors / Egetra)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-05-02T22:00:00Z">3 May 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 189</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-80835 introduction entry-content"> <p>The question of the seniority of trade relations is becoming increasingly complex. The Court of Cassation has already suggested that each commercial relationship within a group should be treated independently in the absence of consultation between the various entities (Cass. com., 6 Oct. 2015, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2016/case-comments/significant-imbalance-the-supreme-court-approves-judges-who-considered-a-mutual" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance:</strong> The French Supreme Court approves judges who considered a mutual termination clause does not create imbalance and the notice period for a 19 years of trade relations could be set at 12 months, in the absence either of fault from the licensor suggesting the continuation of trade relations or fraud with a possible successor on the territory <em>(Bénéteau / LGM Yachting)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-04-11T22:00:00Z">12 April 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 227</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-80834 introduction entry-content"> <p>The facts are fairly traditional, since they are between an exclusive dealer, Bénéteau, which since 1992 has been marketing the manufacturer’s range of boats under a contract, the last of which was not renewed for five years. The licensor, in order to do so, sent a notification within the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2016/case-comments/sudden-termination-the-supreme-court-refuses-the-paris-court-of-appeal" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court refuses the Paris Court of Appeal exclusivity to hear appeal on Article L. 442-6 of the French Commercial Code in proceedings introduced before December 1st, 2009<em> (Autocaravnas Rimo / Ypo Camp Sublet)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-04-11T22:00:00Z">12 April 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 157</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-80836 introduction entry-content"> <p>This is a censorship judgment which was handed down by the Commercial Chamber in a case where the Lyon Court of Appeal had, in application of the principle of specialisation, refused to examine an appeal against a judgment handed down by the Lyon Commercial Court before the entry into force of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-gauvin">Alain Gauvin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Christophe-Grison">Christophe Grison</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-buy">Frédéric Buy</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-christophe-roda">Jean-Christophe Roda</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/julie-zoughi">Julie Zoughi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/leyla-djavadi">Leyla Djavadi</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2016/dossier/french-distribution-law-following-adoption-of-macron-law" rel="bookmark">French distribution law following adoption of Macron law</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1346</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77183 introduction entry-content"> <p>With this new Trends issue related to the last evolutions of the French distribution law, the review Concurrences carries on its work on the most important competition issues raised by the Macron law adopted on August 6th, 2015. From small adjustments in transparency law to genuine developments (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2016/case-comments/Non-competition-clauses-The-French" rel="bookmark"><strong>Non-competition clauses:</strong> The French Supreme Court approves the trial court to have considered that a franchisor could change the sign of its network without abuse and require the execution of a non-competition clause yet not covered by the exemption regulation (vertical agreements), but proportionate to the franchisor’s interest in preserving the existing network <em>(International Esthétique)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-01-19T13:33:00Z">19 January 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 232</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-79246 introduction entry-content"> <p>The company International Esthétique operated a franchise network under the Epil center banner. The contracts contained a clause prohibiting the creation of a competing network with post-contractual effect. During the course of the contract, the franchisor had substituted its brand name with (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2016/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-French-79242" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that without proofs and if it can be objectively justified, a termination of commercial relationships can make a referral to the Competition Authority non receivable <em>(E-Kanopi)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-01-19T13:09:00Z">19 January 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 3019</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-79242 introduction entry-content"> <p>This decision, which includes other rather questionable answers on the procedure before the Competition Authority (respect of the adversarial process...), was issued in a dispute between Google and an advertiser who contested the termination of its Adwords contract on the grounds that the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2016/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-French-79237" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court departs an association from the scope of Article L 442-6 I 5 ° imposing granted its partner a written notice proportionate to the duration of trade relations on the grounds that the victim did not claim that it was a service provider <em>(Institut technique de la Fédération française du bâtiment / Pixscène)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-01-05T12:15:00Z">5 January 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 179</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-79237 introduction entry-content"> <p>After an extensive interpretation of the notion of established commercial relationship, the Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation seems to want, with precautions, to give the impression of returning to a stricter and more literal application of the specific text. <br class='autobr' /> The facts of the case (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2016/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-Paris-Court-77429" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal refuses the sudden termination request of a distribution company not dominating the market considering that the absence of an agreement on the next commercial conditions authorized the parties to disengage prior notice as specified in the contract <em>(Maisoning Eco Habitat / Castorama)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-12-17T19:28:00Z">17 December 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 192</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77429 introduction entry-content"> <p>An installation company collaborating with Castorama contested the termination of business relations, accusing the distributor of abuse of economic dependence and brutal termination. The Court dismissed the allegation of anti-competitive practices on the grounds that many retailers, not just DIY (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2016/case-comments/Refusal-to-sell-The-Paris-Court-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Refusal to sell:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal refuses the request of a distributor facing a refusal to sell from a dominant firm due to no potential restraint of competition <em>(NGK Spark Plugs France / Sifam)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-12-16T19:29:00Z">16 December 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 286</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77430 introduction entry-content"> <p>Very detailed decision on the delimitation of the market which leads to a dominant position of NGK but which nevertheless considers that the distributor who is the victim of a refusal to sell has alternative solutions and that NGK’s products are easily accessible to consumers on the French (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2016/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-Paris-Court-77428" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal refuses the request of an advertising agency, which after a competitive bidding has been excluded following a 3 months notice for 6 previous years of cooperation, pointing out that the dependance came from an agency’s "own deliberate choice" <em>(Ailleurs Exactement / Grandvision)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-12-04T19:26:00Z">4 December 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 183</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77428 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court, in accordance with settled case-law, verifies whether the contractual period of notice, which is respected, is sufficient in view of the nature of the activity and the duration of the relationship, and dismisses the claim based on interprofessional use in the absence of evidence of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2016/case-comments/terms-of-payment-the-french-supreme-court-considers-that-the-penalties-for-en" rel="bookmark"><strong>Terms of payment:</strong> The French Supreme Court considers that the penalties for delay provided in Article L. 441-6 of the Commercial Code may be subjected to a capitalisation, and states that the starting point should be based on either the T & C or on interprofessional agreement <em>(Parquets Lemoine / Isoroy)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-11-09T23:00:00Z">10 November 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 382</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77383 introduction entry-content"> <p>On the occasion of a rather banal dispute between a supplier of wood paneling (the company Isoroy) and a customer, the Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation took the opportunity to issue a landmark decision on late payment penalties, which was published. The Isoroy company had obtained an (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2016/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-French-77398" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The French Supreme Court prevents any non specialized court of appeal to review appeal competence for sudden termination <em>(Gifi Mag)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-10-20T17:19:00Z">20 October 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 163</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77398 introduction entry-content"> <p>This ruling is a very firm call to order imposed by the Commercial Chamber on the Douai Court of Appeal and a lesson for all non-specialist courts of appeal. Indeed, cassation on a plea raised ex officio is a matter of principle and has no real impact on the case, other than the complexity of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2015/chroniques/Breach-of-business-relations-The-76131" rel="bookmark"><strong>Breach of business relations</strong> : The French Supreme Court reminds that the article L. 442-6 I 5° of the Commercial Code does not apply to the breach of commercial relations of public road transport of goods performed by subcontractors when the standard contract between the parties provides for the notice period in case of breach <em>(Drôme express)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-09-22T12:57:00Z">22 September 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 140</span> </p> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2016/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-Paris-Court-77427" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal examines the termination of an insurance general agent contract and refuses the request due to the agent’s repeated breaches <em>(BTSG –es qualité Courtage Rive Gauche / Compagnie Generali Assurances)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-09-08T18:25:00Z">8 September 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 304</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77427 introduction entry-content"> <p>Without hesitation, the Court verifies whether the breaches are sufficiently serious to deprive the general agent of a notice period proportionate to the duration of the commercial relations in application of Article L 442-6 of the Commercial Code. In this case, the failure to pay the bonuses (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2015/chroniques/Economic-dependence-The-French-76129" rel="bookmark"><strong>Economic dependence</strong> : The French Supreme Court dismisses the appeal filed by a supplier who required a longer notice period due to economic dependency and approves of the trial courts reproaching the supplier for not having explained the diversification of his activities and its risks <em>(Nord Staff Bricolage, Leroy Merlin)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-07-07T12:46:00Z">7 July 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 174</span> </p> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2015/chroniques/Significant-imbalance-The-Paris-76125" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong> : The Paris Court of Appeals sanctions a financial imbalance on the basis of Article L. 442-6 -I- 2 of the Commercial Code <em>(GALEC)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-07-01T12:29:00Z">1 July 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 248</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-76125 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a ruling dated 1 July 2015, the Paris Court of Appeal, on appeal by the Minister of the Economy, accepted that Article L. 442-6-I-2° of the French Commercial Code is applicable to end-of-year rebates. The implementation of this rule was challenged in principle by the distributor on the basis (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2015/chroniques/Commission-on-business-practices" rel="bookmark"><strong>Commission on business practices - Opinion</strong> : The French Commission on business practices (CEPC) issues two opinions on the application of articles L. 442-6 -I- 1 and 2 of the Commercial Code to pricing practices for services</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-06-23T14:49:00Z">23 June 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 389</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-75058 introduction entry-content"> <p>In two notices published on 23 June 2015, the Trade Practices Review Commission had to rule, at the request of undertakings, on the compliance of pricing practices with the law. In one case, the Commission was questioned on the rate of remuneration practised by a business introducer, up to 50 %, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2015/chroniques/significant-imbalance-the-french-supreme-court-rejects-the-appeals-formed-by-en" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong> : The French Supreme Court rejects the appeals formed by two retailers against the judgments that admitted the claim of the Minister for the economy and according to which the provisions contained in the referencing agreements created a significant imbalance in the rights and obligations of the parties within the meaning of Article L 442-6 of the Commercial code <em>(Eurauchan, Provéra)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-03-02T23:00:00Z">3 March 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 696</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72981 introduction entry-content"> <p>This is the first time that the High Court has ruled on the notion of significant imbalance since the controversial introduction of this text into the Commercial Code by the LME Act of 4 August 2008. The position adopted clearly supports the Paris Court of Appeal, a specialised court whose (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2015/chroniques/Sudden-termination-The-French-71312" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination</strong> : The French Supreme Court considers that the parties can arrange full or partial termination of business relations without violating the public order nature of Article L442-6 I 5 ° <em>(Ikea / Green Sofa Dunkerque)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-12-15T23:00:00Z">16 December 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 434</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-71312 introduction entry-content"> <p>In this judgment, which is to be published in the Bulletin, the Commercial Chamber clarifies the conditions under which the termination of commercial relations may be contractualized and organized by the parties. <br class='autobr' /> Ikea has appealed to the Cour de Cassation against a decision of the Paris Court (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2015/chroniques/Competence-Contradictions-The" rel="bookmark"><strong>Competence - Contradictions</strong> : The French Supreme Court considers that the Paris Court of Appeals is the only jurisdiction competent to rule on all decisions delivered by commercial courts within the litigation related to the article L. 442-6 of the Code of commerce as well and to rule on contradictions <em>(Altiplast)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-11-03T23:00:00Z">4 November 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 237</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-71325 introduction entry-content"> <p>To learn more about this case, click on Reference above.</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2015/chroniques/Competence-Termination-The-Paris" rel="bookmark"><strong>Competence - Termination</strong> : The Paris Court of Appeals decides that the victim of a sudden termination of commercial relations is not entitled to invoke a contractual basis in order to claim compensation for the damage caused by the termination, which falls under actions in tort and which was filed initially <em>(Image Service)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-10-22T14:39:00Z">22 October 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 195</span> </p> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2015/chroniques/Specialised-jurisdiction-The" rel="bookmark"><strong>Specialised jurisdiction</strong> : The French Supreme Court considers that in the field of restrictive practices, the specialisation of jurisdictions may make inadmissible all actions filed on the basis of the article L 442-6 of the Code of commerce <em>(Ovalis / SEPPA)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-10-07T15:36:00Z">7 October 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 252</span> </p> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2014/case-comments/Communication-The-European" rel="bookmark"><strong>Communication</strong> : The European Commission encourages the use of self-regulation to fight against unfair trade practices in the food supply chain</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-15T11:02:00Z">15 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 199</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69893 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a Communication of 15 July, the European Commission set out its Action Plan to combat unfair commercial practices ("UCP") in the food supply chain, which largely advocates the use of self-regulation. <br class='autobr' /> In view of the very different negotiating powers of the actors in the food supply chain (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marine-dantec">Marine Dantec</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2014/case-comments/Consumer-protection-The-Court-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Consumer protection</strong> : The Court of Justice of the European Union firmly recalls the scope of unfair commercial practices directive and condemns Belgium for keeping a law on the rebates ads and itinerant activities, incompatible with the directive <em>(Commission / Belgium)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-10T11:51:00Z">10 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 302</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69895 introduction entry-content"> <p>Unsurprisingly, the European Court of Justice (CJEU) recalled on 10 July that the rule it keeps hammering home, according to which Member States must not prohibit by operation of law practices not listed in Annex I of Directive 2005/29/EC, known as "unfair commercial practices" (Directive of 11 (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2014/case-comments/Disparagement-The-Paris-Commercial" rel="bookmark"><strong>Disparagement</strong> : The Paris Commercial Court condamns a company for disparagement towards another manufacturer and compensates the damage while refusing to order an expertise <em>(Ethical Coffee / Nespresso)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-06-06T14:20:00Z">6 June 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 291</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-67923 introduction entry-content"> <p>Trib. com. Paris, 6 June 2014, Ethical Coffe c/ Nespresso, RG 2012077904 <br class='autobr' /> Ethical COFFEE which is a manufacturer of compatible capsules for NESPRESSO machines, put on the market as from 2010, considers itself victim of anti-competitive and unfair practices from NESTLE NESPRESSO, consisting in a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2014/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-French-67862" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination</strong> : The French Supreme Court rules that the duration of the commercial relation and the circumstances of the termination notice shall be taken into account when appreciating an adequate advance notice </a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-04-08T08:58:00Z">8 April 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 183</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-67862 introduction entry-content"> <p>In this case, a company has a commercial relationship with a business agent. The latter claims the status of business agent, and not obtaining satisfaction, sues the company for damages, including termination of the relationship. For its part, the company attributes the termination of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2014/case-comments/XX-Arbitration-clause-The-Paris" rel="bookmark"><strong>Arbitration clause</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal applies the case law on the applicability of arbitration clauses in the litigation related to sudden termination of business relations <em>(Sept de Cœur)</em> </a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-03-17T23:00:00Z">18 March 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 273</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-65791 introduction entry-content"> <p>CA Paris, March 18, 2014, RG no 12/13601, Sept de Coeur c/ Babybjörn <br class='autobr' /> In the present case, a French company, SARL Sept de Coeur, was entrusted in 1985 with the exclusive distribution in France of the childcare products of the Swedish company Babybjörn AB. Babybjörn AB terminated this contract (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2014/case-comments/XX-Consumer-protection-The-French" rel="bookmark"><strong>Consumer protection</strong> : The French Government publishes the new consumer law</strong></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-03-17T15:56:00Z">17 March 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 337</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-65783 introduction entry-content"> <p>The contributions of the Hamon law: One step forward, two steps backward The law relating to consumption, known as the "Hamon law", adopted on 13 February 2014 by the National Assembly, then validated, for the most part, by the Constitutional Council on 13 March 2014. (No 2014-690DC), was (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2014/case-comments/PC2-Tender-The-French-Supreme" rel="bookmark"><strong>Tender</strong> : The French Supreme Court states very clearly that the notification of the use of a tender implies intention to run the notice</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-10-22T20:02:00Z">22 October 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 166</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-63137 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a ruling handed down on October 22, 2013, the French Supreme Court of Appeal censured the Montpellier Court of Appeal, which had ordered Areva to pay compensation to its logistics provider for the abrupt termination of an established commercial relationship, not on the principle but on the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2013/case-comments/d7-Significant-imbalance-The-Court" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal condemns a distributor for having tried to make his suppliers give up the refunds to which he was condemned in a procedure committed by Minister of the Economy</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-09-18T18:33:00Z">18 September 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 283</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59284 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Appeal considered that ’the Minister for the Economy rightly maintains that, in the present case, by attempting to subject its suppliers to an obligation to repay the sums which the Commercial Court had ordered it to repay to them by way of recovery of sums unduly paid, GALEC has (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2013/case-comments/Significant-imbalance-The-CEPC" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong>: The CEPC considers that the various contracts between hoteliers and companies operating major hotel booking sites reveal clauses of restricting competition leading to invalidity <em> (Booking) </em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-09-16T16:30:00Z">16 September 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 287</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59271 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Commission d’examen des pratiques commerciales (CEPC) has been asked by several organisations representing hotel professionals to examine the conformity with competition law of various contracts concluded with the companies operating the main hotel reservation sites. After dealing with the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2013/case-comments/Referencing-The-French-Supreme" rel="bookmark"><strong>Referencing</strong>: The Cour de cassation approves the Paris Court of Appeal’s decision to cancel a referencing agreement <em>(Brake France service/Aprest)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-06-25T17:01:00Z">25 June 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 248</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59277 introduction entry-content"> <p>In 2004, Aprest, the central purchasing office of a food supply group, awarded a contract to a supplier to supply a catering clientele affiliated to this group. The listing contract provided that ’in consideration for the priority given to suppliers and the services provided by Aprest in setting (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2013/case-comments/Significant-imbalance-The-Paris" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal considers that a clause causing a significant imbalance and contrary to Article L. 442-6-I-2 of the commercial code should be deemed unwritten <em> (Netmakers/Antigone)</em ></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-06-07T08:01:00Z">7 June 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 379</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-53992 introduction entry-content"> <p>The dispute between a partnership of several lawyers and a supplier of photocopiers and a finance company with which it had entered into a long-term lease led the Paris Court of Appeal to hand down a very interesting ruling on 7 June 2013 regarding the rule in Article L. 442-6-I 2° of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2013/case-comments/Economic-dependence-The-Versailles" rel="bookmark"><strong>Economic dependence</strong>: The Versailles Court of Appeal puts aside the economic dependence for lack of proof of solution of replacement and the unbalanced character of a reimbursement schedule of unpaid debts<em> (Alliance Healthcare Répartition/Vitale)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-06-04T08:02:00Z">4 June 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 205</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-54038 introduction entry-content"> <p>A dispute arose between a dispensing pharmacist and his drug supplier over the agreed commercial terms criticized because of the wholesaler’s demand for interest at the rate of 6% to reimburse unpaid invoices. The Versailles Court of Appeal dismissed the claim of abuse of the state of economic (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2013/case-comments/International-law-The-CEPC" rel="bookmark"><strong>International law</strong>: The CEPC provides a lesson in international law on the applicability of the law of restrictive practices by the relationship with foreign partners in two opinions useful to companies and judges the applicability of the law of restrictive practices in international contracts</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-05-27T16:09:00Z">27 May 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 218</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59268 introduction entry-content"> <p>Opinion No. 13-07 on late payment penalties was issued on 27 May 2013, following a referral from an international group which questioned the applicability of the late payment penalty rate in the context of an international contract. Article L. 441-6 of the French Commercial Code stipulates that, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2013/case-comments/Partial-breach-The-Paris-Court-of-54003" rel="bookmark"><strong>Partial breach</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal compensates the supplier for private label sofas sudden termination of business relations and doubles the notice but dismisses the complaint challenging unbalanced clause on the tariff negotiations <em>(GSD/Ikea)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-05-23T08:02:00Z">23 May 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 662</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-54003 introduction entry-content"> <p>CA Paris, May 23, 2013, RG n° 12/01166 <br class='autobr' /> This very detailed ruling highlights the practical difficulties that may exist in the development of commercial relations between an industrialist and a major retailer. Green Sofa Dunkerque (GSD) has been supplying furniture to Ikea for the group’s (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2013/case-comments/XXX-Resale-at-a-loss-The-CJEU" rel="bookmark"><strong>Resale at a loss </strong>: The Court of Justice rules that the directive on unfair commercial practices precludes a national provision which provides a general prohibition on resale at a loss to consumer <em>(Euronics Belgium/Kamera Express et Kamera Express Belgium)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1193</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-52119 introduction entry-content"> <p>CJEU (ord.), 7 March 2013, Euronics Belgium CVBA v Kamera Express BV and Kamera Express Belgium BVBA, case C-343/12 <br class='autobr' /> The list of unfair commercial practices declared incompatible with the Directive of 11 May 2015 (2005/291EC) is extended, this time burying the general ban on resale below cost (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2013/case-comments/Action-of-the-Minister-The-French-50514" rel="bookmark"><strong>Action of the Minister</strong>: The Court of cassation states that the Minister of Economy may intervene before the civil courts and, without being at the initiative of the procedure, be considered as a party pursuant to Art. L 442-6 C. com. <em>(Carrefour)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-02-24T17:23:39Z">24 February 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 151</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-50514 introduction entry-content"> <p>http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichJuriJudi.do?oldAction=rechJuriJudi&idTexte=JURITEXT000026742676&fastReqId=403567882&fastPos=1" target="_blank">Cass. Com, December 4, 2012, No. 11-21743. <br class='autobr' /> The liquidator of a supplier to the mass retail sector had initiated proceedings for abrupt (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2013/case-comments/break-in-trade-relations-the-court-of-cassation-holds-that-an-important-en" rel="bookmark"><strong>Break in trade relations</strong>: The Court of cassation holds that an important decrease of volume can be considered as not being a sudden break of commercial relationships, as long as it is the consequence of an economic crisis <em>(CMI/Caterpillar)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-02-11T23:00:00Z">12 February 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 273</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-52126 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cass.com, February 12, 2013, No. 12-11.709. <br class='autobr' /> The Court of Cassation is starting to examine the first cases of termination of commercial relations following the economic crisis of 2008 and takes the opportunity to approve the judges on the merits who maintain a very pragmatic approach. The issue (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2013/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-French-50552" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination</strong>: The Court of cassation said that any business relationship can not be eternal, if a prior notice of non-renewal at the end of the contract is given, then a party is entitled to stop the relation <em>(STPM/Bosch)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-11-19T23:00:00Z">20 November 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 200</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-50552 introduction entry-content"> <p>"Cass. com., November 20, 2012, No. 11-22660." <br class='autobr' /> A company specialising in the repair of household appliances (STPM) has been providing services for Bosch since 1986, first without a written contract, then through a succession of contracts, initially for an indefinite period and then for a fixed (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2012/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-French-49435" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination</strong>: The Cour de cassation validates the conviction of a distributor to repair the sudden termination of commercial relations and approve the judges who pronounced the nullity of contracts trade cooperation charging disproportionate amounts <em>(Carrefour/Jean-Marc Valensi)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-09-10T22:00:00Z">11 September 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 403</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-49435 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cass. com, Sept. 11, 2012, Carrefour c/ Jean-Marc Valensi, N° 11/14620 <br class='autobr' /> Delivered on the same day as another judgment concerning the same major retailer (Cass. com., n° 11/14608, Salins du midi hereafter), the Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation is moving forward step by step in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2012/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-French-49438" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination</strong>: The Cour de cassation validates the conviction of a distributor to repair a partial tear followed by a final rupture of commercial relations with their suppliers and fully repair the damage resulting from billing for services to disproportionate amounts <em>(Carrefour Interdis/Compagnie des Salins)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-09-10T22:00:00Z">11 September 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 257</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-49438 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cass. com. September 11, 2012, Carrefour Interdis v/ Compagnie des Salins, n° 11/14608 <br class='autobr' /> The ruling handed down on 11 September 2012 by the Chamber of Commerce can only strengthen the suppliers of the mass distribution sector who, once evicted, take advantage of the legal recourse to obtain the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2012/case-comments/Specialized-court-of-appeal-The" rel="bookmark"><strong>Specialized court of appeal</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal retains its jurisdiction to rule on an appeal against a judgment of a Commercial Court entered before the entry into force of the specialization of courts <em>(La Flèche/Sibell)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 208</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-49428 introduction entry-content"> <p>The specialisation instituted, for Article L. 442-6 of the Commercial Code alone, by the Economic Modernisation Act of 4 August 2008, has not been much criticised in itself. On the other hand, its too narrow implementation (8 Tribunals and a single Court of Appeal) decided by Decree No. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2012/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-48394" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Court of Appeal of Versailles states that the maintain of the same provider under the same economic conditions for the promotion of trademarks acquired from a competitor should be considered as the producer has continued the initial relationship established with the previous owner of the trademark <em>(Agence Conseil 3 P Pred/Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals France)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-06-04T22:00:00Z">5 June 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 271</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-48394 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a very detailed judgment, the Versailles Court of Appeal applied an extensive analysis of the concept of an established relationship, considering that a commercial relationship initially entered into by 3 P Pred, a company responsible for commercial prospecting among dentists, with Sanofi (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2012/case-comments/Sudden-termination-The-Paris-Court-49443" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal declares the selective distribution agreements prohibiting the use of a website are contrary to Article 101 § 1 and condemns the perfumers to repair the damage caused to distributor unfairly evicted under the brutal rupture of commercial relations <em>(News Parfums/Parfums Christian Dior)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-06-03T22:00:00Z">4 June 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 267</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-49443 introduction entry-content"> <p>As many disputes relating to an allegedly brutal termination are legion, those in which the former prohibition of abuse of the relationship of dependence set out in point 2 b of the same article L. 442-6-I is invoked are rare. It is true that these two rules are used with unequal success, as (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2012/case-comments/Significant-imbalance-The" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong>: The Commercial Court of Bobigny holds that the clauses contained in a supply agreement whereby the distributor could obtain the reduced sale price if tariffs decrease characterize a significant imbalance and therefore the clauses are null and void <em>(Minister of the Economy/Darty)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-05-28T22:00:00Z">29 May 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 414</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-48400 introduction entry-content"> <p>This is a new important stage in the war between the Minister of Economy and the major distributors, which had given rise to some media hype since the Minister of Economy, at the time, had announced that he had taken legal action against nine distribution companies, including Darty. <br class='autobr' /> A first (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2012/case-comments/Centrale-d-achats-Referencement" rel="bookmark"><strong>Centrale d’achats – Référencement</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal cancels the referencing agreement provision requiring the payment of an amount which is not accompanied by any quantitative commitment and which does not represent charges for specific serviced rendered <em>(Aprest/Brake France Service)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-05-23T22:00:00Z">24 May 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 557</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-48404 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Court of Appeal has just handed down one of the first landmark decisions on listing premiums in the contract catering sector. The contract provided that "in return for the priority given to suppliers and the services provided by Aprest in setting up supplies", the supplier would pay a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2012/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-48396" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Court of Appeal of Colmar holds that the non-renewal announced to a contractor triggers the notice period within the meaning of Art. L. 442-6, although negotiations continued for an eventual renewal <em>(Bellenni & Bourdillon Successeurs/Brasserie Kronenbourg)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-05-09T22:00:00Z">10 May 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 176</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-48396 introduction entry-content"> <p>A distributor of Kronenbourg beers in the French Overseas Departments and Territories considered himself the victim of a brutal break-up by the Kronenbourg Company. He claimed that despite a letter of June 2004, in which the subsidiary of his supplier implied that the contract would not be (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2012/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-48398" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Court of Appeal of Bordeaux holds that a supplier providing after discussion a notice period of 16 months, before breaking definitely an exclusive distribution agreement of over 24 years, while at the same time negotiating a possible renewal has not terminated wrongfully the business relationship <em>(Santa Maria AB, Santa Maria Belgium, Bruce Foods Europe/Sélection Diffusion Vente)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-04-02T22:00:00Z">3 April 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 399</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-48398 introduction entry-content"> <p>The judgment of the Court of Bordeaux is significant because it completely reverses the solution adopted by the first judges and makes a detailed assessment of the parties’ conduct in order to rule out any abrupt break in commercial relations. <br class='autobr' /> The case brought against SDV: exclusive (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2012/case-comments/Term-of-payment-The-French" rel="bookmark"><strong>Term of payment</strong>: The French Parliament passes an Act relating to the simplification of law and easing administrative procedures provides, conditionally, a possible waiver extension to maximum period of payment (45/60 days) for 3 more years</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-03-21T23:00:00Z">22 March 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 266</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-45649 introduction entry-content"> <p>Law No. 2012-387 of 22 March 2012 on the simplification of the law and the simplification of administrative procedures, JORF No. 71 of 23 March 2012, p. 5226. <br class='autobr' /> The framework for payment periods was strictly regulated by the LME law, which was intended to lead to a reduction, by 1 January 2012 (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2012/case-comments/Significant-imbalance-The-42378" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong>: The Commercial Court of Créteil, by two judgments of the same day, declares inadmissible an action for termination introduced by the Minister of the Economy who has not justified information given to the contracting parties of the proceedings for nullity of the contracts initially incurred under the significant imbalance <em>(Minister of the Economy/Système U and Minister of the Economy/GALEC)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-02-15T17:29:31Z">15 February 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 507</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-42378 introduction entry-content"> <p>As is well known, the autonomous procedure under Article L 442-6 of the Commercial Code still gives rise to considerable debate and the summonses issued by the Minister against distributors trigger an armada of challenges. While some courts allow the applications (see T. com. Lille, 6 January (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2012/case-comments/Significant-imbalance-The-42380" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong>: The Commercial Court of Paris ordered a distributor to stop requiring its suppliers repayment of amounts to which he was convicted by a previous lawsuit by the Minister of the Economy <em>(Minister of the Economy/GALEC)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-02-15T17:29:28Z">15 February 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 485</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-42380 introduction entry-content"> <p>23,313,681 for transactions considered to correspond to advantages without consideration (Versailles, 29 October 2009, Minister of the Economy v. GALEC, Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, 2010, No. 22; the Versailles Court of Appeal submits to the case law of the Court of Cassation), he intends not (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2012/case-comments/Undue-adavantage-The-French" rel="bookmark"><strong>Undue adavantage</strong>: The Court of Cassation, by two judgments on the same day, grants applications by the Minister of the Economy, approves the referral to the commercial courts where the damage was suffered by the victim and censors the judges who had refused to grant a request for restitution of undue advantage on the grounds that the author of restrictive practices had not received payment <em>(Minister of the Economy/GALEC and Minister of the Economy/Carrefour)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-02-15T17:29:24Z">15 February 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 621</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-42382 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cass. com, 18 October 2011, Minister of the Economy v/ GALEC, No. 10-28005 <br class='autobr' /> Cass. com. 18 October 2011, Minister of the Economy c/ Carrefour, n° 10-15296 <br class='autobr' /> The first judgment (No. 10-28005) does not merely decide a procedural question relating to the competent court; it also highlights the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2012/case-comments/Action-of-the-minister-of-the-45663" rel="bookmark"><strong>Action of the Minister of the Economy</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal declares admissible the action of the Minister of the Economy, cancels 16 clauses of a major retailer contract, orders sums restitution to suppliers and confirms the imposition of a civil fine 2 millions of Euros <em>(Carrefour Hypermarchés/Minister of the Economy)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-02-01T23:00:00Z">2 February 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 321</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-45663 introduction entry-content"> <p>As part of a national survey, the CFRB reviewed the contracts entered into in fiscal year 2006 between the retail groups and their suppliers. During this survey, it focused in particular on the partnership agreements entered into between the Carrefour group and sixteen of its suppliers, and more (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2012/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-45653" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Court of Cassation agrees with the trial court that held a broadcast producer could not require a notice over the period between the end of the season and the date of the new fall schedule <em>(Paris modes éditions/A Prime Group)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-01-30T23:00:00Z">31 January 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 245</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-45653 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cass. com, January 31, 2012, Paris modes éditions c/ A Prime Group, n° 11-12899 <br class='autobr' /> A broadcaster that edits a television channel had entrusted the production of programs to two companies. It notified them that the programmes would no longer be broadcast in the next season, due to falling (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2012/case-comments/Action-of-the-minister-of-the-45665" rel="bookmark"><strong>Action of the Minister of the Economy</strong>: The Court of Appeal of Nîmes sanctions, at the Minister of the Economy request, two retailers for invoicing services that were not rendered, in violation of Art. L. 442-6-I-1° of the Commerce code <em>(SO SU MAR Centre Leclerc/Minister of the Economy ; Auzon-Ventoux/Minister of the Economy)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-01-25T23:00:00Z">26 January 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 289</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-45665 introduction entry-content"> <p>The facts of these two cases are relatively old: in 2005 and 2006, DGCCRF investigators carried out checks on commercial cooperation contracts in several Leclerc supermarkets and hypermarkets. They drew up a report from which it emerged that many commercial cooperation services, in particular (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2012/case-comments/Discriminatory-pricing-Antitrust" rel="bookmark"><strong>Discriminatory pricing – Antitrust</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal notes the repeal of price discrimination in Article L 442-6 of the Commercial code, censors a Court having applied but this text, examines the discriminatory practices of an airline under the angle of anticompetitive practices and orders compensation for damage <em>(Compagnie Emirates/Chadep and British Airways)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-12-13T23:00:00Z">14 December 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 612</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-45651 introduction entry-content"> <p>A travel agency found that, under strictly equivalent conditions, the ticket prices of the airlines British Airways and Emirates from London were approximately 400 euros lower than those offered by those two airlines from Paris. <br class='autobr' /> At the time, the agency had booked air tickets from London for (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2011/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-39966" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination</strong>: The Court of Cassation gives priority to the delay of notice provided by the framework law on the internal transport (LOTI) about the notice proportionate to the length of the commercial relationships required by the Article L. 442-6 I-5° of the Commercial Code <em>(Gefco/Frigo 7-Locatex)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-10-03T22:00:00Z">4 October 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 608</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-39966 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cass. com, October 4, 2011, Gefco c/ Frigo 7-Locatex, n° 10-20240 <br class='autobr' /> It is by a ruling of principle that the Court of Cassation dismisses the application of Article L. 442-6 of the Commercial Code in favour of the period of notice provided for in the standard transport subcontracting contract. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2011/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-39964" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Court of Cassation approves the trial judges that exclude the character established of the relationship within the meaning of Article L. 442-6 I-5° of the French Commercial Code provided the relationships are based on tenders <em>(YF, Habitat France)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 440</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-39964 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cass. com, 20 September 2011, YF c/ Habitat France, n° 10-15750 <br class='autobr' /> The Habitat distribution group has had its catalogue formatted and printed for many years by a specialist company, outside the strict contractual framework. Following a reorganisation, Habitat informed its publisher of its wish to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2011/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-39960" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Court of Cassation states again on the article L. 442-6-I-5° of the Code of Commerce and reverses the decision of the Court of Appeal who had insisted on the independence of the contracts <em>(Racer/Décathlon)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-09-05T22:00:00Z">6 September 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 466</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-39960 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cass. com, September 6, 2011, Racer v. Decathlon, No. 10-30679 <br class='autobr' /> The supplier of a large specialised retailer after complaining of a significant drop in orders was deregistered after six months’ notice. He then brought an action for damages against his customer, whom he claimed had abruptly (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2011/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-39962" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Court of Cassation states that a third party to the business relationship may invoke the sudden termination of a business relationship if that has caused injury to him <em>(Lesaffre)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-09-05T22:00:00Z">6 September 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 498</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-39962 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cass. com, 6 September 2011, Lesaffre v/ Commercial Company of Siam and Denis frères, No. 10-11975 <br class='autobr' /> A company specializing in the manufacture and sale of yeast had established relations with a French import-export company for the distribution of its products in Thailand through a local (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2011/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-37956" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships - Commercial cooperation</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal condemns a distributor for sudden termination of commercial relationships and pronounces the nullity of commercial cooperation agreements <em>(Jean-Marc Valensi/Carcoop France et Carrefour)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-08-30T09:51:10Z">30 August 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1085</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-37956 introduction entry-content"> <p>Jean-Marc Valensi, a jewellery manufacturing company, has had regular commercial relations with the Carrefour-Promodes group since 1990 and has participated in the development of the "Manèges à Bijoux" in Carrefour stores. In February 2003, the Carrefour group informed Jean-Marc Valensi of its (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2011/case-comments/Specialisation-of-courts-The" rel="bookmark"><strong>Specialisation of courts</strong>: The Council of State rejects appeals formed against the decree instituting the specialisation of courts by refusing to ask a priority question of constitutionality and notably validates the decree with regard to article 6 of ECHR <em>(Ordre des avocats au barreau de Lyon)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-06-10T09:51:00Z">10 June 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 523</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-37953 introduction entry-content"> <p>CE, 10 June 2011, Ordre des avocats au barreau de Lyon e.a., n° 335584, 335593 and 335595 <br class='autobr' /> The Bar Associations of Lyon, Strasbourg, Toulouse, Lille, Rennes, Colmar and Mulhouse have asked the Council of State to annul for excess of power Decree No. 2009-1384 of 11 November 2009 relating to the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Christophe-Pecnard">Christophe Pecnard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Daniel-Tricot">Daniel Tricot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacqueline-riffault-silk">Jacqueline Riffault-Silk</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/muriel-chagny">Muriel Chagny</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2011/dossier/significant-imbalance-under-french-unfair-practice-law" rel="bookmark">Significant imbalance under French unfair practice law</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 2392</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-35534 introduction entry-content"> <p>The papers gathered in this section devoted to significant imbalance in the parties’ rights and obligations study, not only the rule in itself from a theoretical and practical point of view and the consequences of the French Constitutional Court’s decision, but also in its links with other (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2011/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-38016" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal condemns a distributor for sudden termination of established relationships and pronounces the nullity of commercial cooperation agreements <em>(Accorequip and Accor Paris/Minister of the Economy and Transfer)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-03-23T10:51:00Z">23 March 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 595</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-38016 introduction entry-content"> <p>CA Paris, 23.03.11, G.I.E. Accorequip and Accor Paris v. Minister of the Economy and Transfer, 07/07337 <br class='autobr' /> The Paris Court of Appeal considers that the use of a call for tenders may constitute a sham of competition and reveal a discriminatory practice intended to conceal a sudden break in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2011/Case-Comments-1154/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-36043" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal decides that the failure excluding notice requires a serious and urgent situation to justify immediate termination <em>(Cabinet Cartier/Immo De France)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-01-28T10:26:00Z">28 January 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 779</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-36043 introduction entry-content"> <p>A firm of property administrators had been managing a property complex in Marseille for 30 years, following various contracts. <br class='autobr' /> The owner, due to an overall overspending of more than 25% over the validated budget, expressed his strong dissatisfaction and asked the manager to make a claim. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2011/Case-Comments-1154/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-36041" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal confirms a ruling granting advance notice of three months to an audiovisual producer and considers that the damage is the loss of gross margin and not the loss of margin about variable costs <em>(Equidia/25 Mars Production)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-01-20T10:27:00Z">20 January 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1456</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-36041 introduction entry-content"> <p>This judgment is part of an extensive interpretation of Article L. 442-6-I-5° since it allows its application in a dispute between an audiovisual production company and a television channel devoted to horse racing (EQUIDIA). <br class='autobr' /> While the audiovisual producer had been entrusted with various (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2011/Case-Comments-1154/Termination-of-commercial" rel="bookmark"><strong>Termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal rules that a distributor may be held liable for removing a portion of trade flows and by terminating any commercial relations with a supplier and re-evaluates the services rendered by the distributor considering them as disproportionate, without pronouncing the invalidity of the agreements <em>(Compagnie des Salins du Midi et des Salines de l’Est/Carrefour)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-01-19T18:39:00Z">19 January 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1158</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-35941 introduction entry-content"> <p>In its ruling of January 19, 2011, the Paris Court of Appeals heavily sanctioned a distributor whose commercial relations with one of its suppliers had deteriorated to the point of total breakdown. Since 1974, Compagnie des Salins du Midi had been supplying at least the PROMODES hypermarkets, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2011/case-comments/Significant-imbalance-The-French" rel="bookmark"><strong>Significant imbalance</strong>: The French Constitutional Court rules that the significant imbalance in the parties’ rights and obligations, prohibited by Article L442-6 I-2 of the Commercial Code respects the principle of legality of criminal offences and penalties <em>(Darty et Fils)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-01-13T10:27:00Z">13 January 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1331</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-34153 introduction entry-content"> <p>This decision was eagerly awaited, and not only by lawyers practicing distribution law. Its starting point dates back to October 2009, when the Minister of the Economy initiated eight proceedings before various commercial courts against distributors to have this or that clause in the contracts (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2011/Case-Comments-1154/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-35932" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal rules that a corner shop agreement constitutes the support of commercial relationship and could be terminated only in accordance with Art. L. 442-6-I 5 ° <em>(Le Bon Marché/Villeroy et Boch)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-12-10T19:48:00Z">10 December 2010</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1035</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-35932 introduction entry-content"> <p>The company Villeroy et Boch had a stand contract and operated a sales area within Le Bon Marché which, after 14 years, was subject to a contractual renewal providing for 6 months’ notice in the event of termination. A year and a half after this renewal, Le Bon Marché terminated this agreement (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2011/case-comments/Resale-at-a-loss-The-French" rel="bookmark"><strong>Resale at a loss</strong>: The French Constitutional Court authorizes the French legislator, in order to improve efficiency, to decline the application of the retroactivity «in mitius» of the new law on resale at a loss as the repression is inhere in previous system <em>(Jean-Marc P)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-12-03T10:27:00Z">3 December 2010</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1329</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-34151 introduction entry-content"> <p>This important decision of the Constitutional Council underlines the contributions of the "Priority Constitutionality Question" (PQPC) in all areas of law, including economic law. In this case, on 17 June 2010, the Criminal Court of Tours, in proceedings relating to the resale of a product at a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2011/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commerial" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commerial relationships</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal rules that in case of jurisdiction clause provided for the competence of a foreign court, the summary trial judge remains competent only of it exists a connecting factor between the purpose of the measure and the judge who orders the measure <em>(SBMM/Ingrid Kränzle)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-11-26T10:27:00Z">26 November 2010</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1211</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-34159 introduction entry-content"> <p>As in the case decided on 28 October by the First Chamber of the Paris Court of Appeal (see above), the panel ruling in summary proceedings proceeded to a strict interpretation of EC Regulation 44/2001 in order to exclude the jurisdiction of the judge hearing summary proceedings in a dispute (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2011/case-comments/Sudden-termination-of-commercial-34157" rel="bookmark"><strong>Sudden termination of commercial relationships</strong>: The Paris Court of Appeal rules that, concerning international agreements, the jurisdiction clause, provided for any disputes arising between the parties, shall apply to the termination of contractual relations but also to abuse of economic dependence <em>(Mondo Uomo/Staff International)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-10-28T09:27:00Z">28 October 2010</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1135</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-34157 introduction entry-content"> <p>This decision underlines the will of the Paris Court of Appeal to give the litigation of the abrupt termination of commercial relations a contractual qualification and thus to move away from the approach of the Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation, which advocates the qualification of a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Anne-Marie-Luciani">Anne-Marie Luciani</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-roberval">Laurent Roberval</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2010/dossier/payment-deadlines-a-year-ahead-the-lme-act" rel="bookmark">Payment deadlines - A year ahead the LME Act</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2010</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 4037</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-30044 introduction entry-content"> <p>This set of 3 articles concentrate on the issue of terms of payment as provided by the LME Act. The first contribution deals with the conformity of the French regime with regard to the EC Directive of the 29 June 2000. This study tries to shed light on this problem and in particular on the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Dominique-Thesmar">Dominique Thesmar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/gilbert-parleani">Gilbert Parleani</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Jean-Bertrand-Drummen">Jean-Bertrand Drummen</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/martine-behar-touchais">Martine Behar-Touchais</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/muriel-chagny">Muriel Chagny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Valerie-Michel-Amsellem">Valérie Michel-Amsellem</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/yann-utzschneider">Yann Utzschneider</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2009/conferences/colloque-restrictive-trade-practices-under-the-lme-act-afec-paris-6th-october" rel="bookmark"><strong>Colloque</strong>: Restrictive trade practices under the LME Act <em>(AFEC, Paris, 6th October 2008)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2009-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2009</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 4957</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-26575 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introductory remarks <br class='autobr' /> Laurence Idot <br class='autobr' /> Professor, Universtité Paris II, European College <br class='autobr' /> Director of the Scientific Committee of Concurrences <br class='autobr' /> Madam President, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear friends, <br class='autobr' /> As the afternoon is busy, I will not go into the substance of the colloquium, but on behalf of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2009/articles-en/Breaking-off-of-commercial" rel="bookmark">Breaking off of commercial relationships under French restrictive trade practices law: The influence of public order on common law</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2009-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2009</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 5757</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-25839 introduction entry-content"> <p>Since 1996, in French restrictive trade practices law, a written notice proportionate to the duration of relationship is necessary before a complete or even a partial breakdown. This provision has been widely applied in a protective way by the case law, both on the notion of "established" (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Alain-Menemenis">Alain Ménéménis</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Arnaud-Nuyts">Arnaud Nuyts</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Catherine-Kessedjian">Catherine Kessedjian</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/catherine-prieto-62">Catherine Prieto</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Christophe-Lapp">Christophe Lapp</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/claire-favre">Claire Favre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Denis-Mazeaud">Denis Mazeaud</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/emmanuelle-claudel">Emmanuelle Claudel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Helene-Gaudemet-Tallon">Hélène Gaudemet-Tallon</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Jean-Marc-Kiviatkowski">Jean-Marc Kiviatkowski</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Joelle-Simon">Joelle Simon</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/louis-vogel">Louis Vogel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Marie-Laure-Niboyet">Marie-Laure Niboyet</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Michael-Wilderspin">Michael Wilderspin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rainer-becker">Rainer Becker</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Soraya-Amrani-Mekki">Soraya Amrani-Mekki</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Yves-Gaudemet">Yves Gaudemet</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2009/conferences/conference-the-ec-white-book-on-competition-private-enforcement-paris-13-06" rel="bookmark"><strong>Conference</strong>: The EC White Book on competition private enforcement <em>(Paris, 13 06 2008)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2009-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2009</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 7257</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-25906 introduction entry-content"> <p>Whereas in the enforcement system of Articles 81 and 82 EC resulting from Regulation No 17/62, it was usual to distinguish between the application of these texts, on the one hand, by the Commission and, on the other hand, by the national authorities and courts, which led to a preference for a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Anne-Marie-Luciani">Anne-Marie Luciani</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/eric-morgan-de-rivery">Eric Morgan de Rivery</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Frederique-Daudret-John">Frédérique Daudret-John</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/muriel-chagny">Muriel Chagny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Stephan-Reifegerste">Stephan Reifegerste</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Valerie-Lasserre-Kiesow">Valérie Lasserre-Kiesow</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Veronique-Lemeur-Baudry">Véronique Lemeur-Baudry</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2007/articles-en/Civil-law-remedies-to" rel="bookmark">Civil law remedies to anticompetitive practices <em>(Le Mans, 5 December 2006)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2007-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2007</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 10705</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-13651 introduction entry-content"> <p>This article appears only in pdf version, attached.</p> </div> </article></div> </div> </div> <div class="content-inner-actions"> <button class="btn-toggle" onclick="return toggle_content_inner.apply(this);"><b class="label_open">Read More </b><span><i class="picto picto-toggle"></i></span></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_books"> <div class="section__container"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span>Books</span></h2> <div class="liste articles-livres sm"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class="row"> <a id='pagination_livres_auteur' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="item"> <article class="entry article-livre hentry"> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/all-books/laurence-idot-liber-amicorum-107251" rel="bookmark"> <span class="logo-livre"> <img src="local/cache-vignettes/L60xH90/new_cover_lila_1-6d4ce.png?1712591393" class='spip_logo front-cover' width='60' height='90' alt="" /> <span class="prix"> <span class="l">Price</span> <span class="i">€145.00</span> </span> </span> <span class="title">Laurence Idot Liber Amicorum - Concurrence & Europe - Vol I</span></a></strong> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="date"> <span class="l">Date</span> <span class="i">6 July 2022</span> </div> <div class="authors"><span class="l">Author(s):</span> <span class="i">Christophe Lemaire & Francesco Martucci (dir.)</span></div> <div class="prix"> <span class="l">Price</span> <span class="i">€145.00</span> </div> </div> <a href="en/all-books/laurence-idot-liber-amicorum-107251" class="more">Read online <i class="picto picto-toggle"></i></a> </article> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="item"> <article class="entry article-livre hentry"> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/all-books/les-pratiques-commerciales-deloyales" rel="bookmark"> <span class="logo-livre"> <img src="local/cache-vignettes/L60xH90/new_couv_pcd-7fd53.png?1712582241" class='spip_logo front-cover' width='60' height='90' alt="" /> <span class="prix"> <span class="l">Price</span> <span class="i">€95.00</span> </span> </span> <span class="title">Les pratiques commerciales déloyales</span></a></strong> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="date"> <span class="l">Date</span> <span class="i">29 September 2021</span> </div> <div class="authors"><span class="l">Author(s):</span> <span class="i">Erwann Kerguelen, Jean-Louis Fourgoux, Leyla Djavadi</span></div> <div class="prix"> <span class="l">Price</span> <span class="i">€95.00</span> </div> </div> <a href="en/all-books/les-pratiques-commerciales-deloyales" class="more">Read online <i class="picto picto-toggle"></i></a> </article> </div> </div> </div><div class="row"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_stats" id="statistiques"> <div class="section__container"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span>Statistics</span></h2> <div class="row statistiques-auteur"> <div class="col-sm-8 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-big-eye.png?1549956136' alt='' width='25' height='17' /><br/> <em>115713</em> </span> <strong class="stat-label">Total visits</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-big-eye.png?1549956136' alt='' width='25' height='17' /><br/> <em>551</em> </span> <strong class="stat-label">Number of readings per contribution</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-pie.png?1549956136' alt='' width='21' height='21' /><br/> <em>210</em> </span> <strong class="stat-label">Number of contributions</strong> </div> <div class="separateur"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-podium.png?1549956136' alt='' width='39' height='22' /><br/> <em>Author's ranking</em> </span> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="stat-number"> <em>29<sup>th</sup></em> </div> <strong class="stat-label">In number of contributions</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="stat-number"> <em>68<sup>th</sup></em> </div> <strong class="stat-label">In number of visits</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="stat-number"> <em>3928<sup>th</sup></em> </div> <strong class="stat-label">In average number of visits</strong> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function() { // selectionner tous les liens vers des images var medias = jQuery('.collection-views').find('.link-media').not('.hasbox'); active_collection_popin(medias); }); onAjaxLoad(function() { var medias = jQuery('.link-media',this).not('.hasbox'); active_collection_popin(medias); }); </script> </main> <aside class="aside secondary" 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