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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Жуықтағы өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Соңғы бір айдағы басталған беттер тізімі, есім кеңістігі бойынша сүзгілеп көре аласыз."><span>Жаңа беттер</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%9B" title="Кездейсоқ бет жүктеу [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Кездейсоқ бет</span></a></li><li id="n-videolesson" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедияны үйренуге қатысты YouTube-тағы видео сабақтар"><span>Видео сабақтар</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Анықтама табу орны."><span>Анықтама</span></a></li><li id="n-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Уикипедия қатысушыларының форумы."><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-general-discussion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Flow жұмыс легінде жұмыс істейтін Уикипедияның негізгі талқылау беті [4]" accesskey="4"><span>Талқылау легі</span></a></li><li id="n-telegram" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram" title="Қазақша Уикипедияға қатысты ең маңызды жаңалықтар мен мақалалар"><span>Телеграм арна</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Бұл беттегі қатені хабарлау"><span>Қателер туралы хабарлау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-kk.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кіру</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Басқа баптаулар" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Жеке құралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Жеке құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Қатысушы мәзірі" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikipedia.org&uselang=kk"><span>Демеу беру</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%3A%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Тіркелу</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%3A%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кіру</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шыққан өңдеушілерге арналған беттер <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" aria-label="Өңдеу туралы көбірек білу"><span>көбірек білу</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжаймен жасаған өңдемелер тізімі [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Үлесім</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжай өңдемелерін 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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Портал</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Физика</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 62 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Fisika" title="Portaal:Fisika – африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Portaal:Fisika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы порталдар"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="بوابة:الفيزياء – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:الفيزياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9:%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83" title="قيسارية:لفيزيك – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قيسارية:لفيزيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بوابة:الفيزيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوابة:الفيزيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizika" title="Portal:Fizika – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portal:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0:%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="প্রবেশদ্বার:পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রবেশদ্বার:পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porched:Fizik" title="Porched:Fizik – бретон тілі" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Porched:Fizik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizika" title="Portal:Fizika – босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Portal:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:F%C3%ADsica" title="Portal:Física – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portal:Física" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="دەروازە:فیزیک – сорани тілі" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:فیزیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="сорани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Fyzika" title="Portál:Fyzika – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы порталдар"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physik" title="Portal:Physik – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Physik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizik" title="Portal:Fizik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Portal:Fizik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Πύλη:Φυσική – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πύλη:Φυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics" title="Portal:Physics – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Portal:Physics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:F%C3%ADsica" title="Portal:Física – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:Física" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Portaal:Füüsika – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Portaal:Füüsika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы порталдар"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="درگاه:فیزیک – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:فیزیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teemasivu:Fysiikka" title="Teemasivu:Fysiikka – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teemasivu:Fysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы мақалалар"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Physique" title="Portail:Physique – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Physique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vouiquip%C3%A8dia:Port%C3%A2l:Fesica" title="Vouiquipèdia:Portâl:Fesica – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vouiquipèdia:Portâl:Fesica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C:%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="פורטל:פיזיקה – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורטל:פיזיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="प्रवेशद्वार:भौतिकी – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizika" title="Portal:Fizika – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Portal:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2tay:fizik" title="Pòtay:fizik – гаити тілі" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pòtay:fizik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаити тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Fizika" title="Portál:Fizika – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portál:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC:%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Պորտալ:Ֆիզիկա – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտալ:Ֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fisika" title="Portal:Fisika – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:Fisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Fisica" title="Portale:Fisica – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Fisica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="პორტალი:ფიზიკა – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პორტალი:ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="포털:물리학 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포털:물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikisritis:Fizika" title="Vikisritis:Fizika – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikisritis:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="കവാടം:ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കവാടം:ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizik" title="Portal:Fizik – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:Fizik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Natuurkunde" title="Portaal:Natuurkunde – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portaal:Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2:%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ପୋର୍ଟାଲ:ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – ория тілі" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୋର୍ଟାଲ:ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%95:%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਫਾਟਕ:ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਾਟਕ:ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fisique" title="Portal:Fisique – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Portal:Fisique" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizyka" title="Portal:Fizyka – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portal:Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:F%C3%ADsica" title="Portal:Física – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Física" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punku_p%27anqa:_Pachaykamay" title="Punku p'anqa: Pachaykamay – кечуа тілі" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Punku p'anqa: Pachaykamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizic%C4%83" title="Portal:Fizică – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Portal:Fizică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="باب:طبيعات – синдхи тілі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="باب:طبيعات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA:%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ද්වාරය:භෞතික විද්‍යාව – сингал тілі" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්වාරය:භෞතික විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Fyzika" title="Portál:Fyzika – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Portál:Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fiisikis" title="Portal:Fiisikis – сомали тілі" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Portal:Fiisikis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizika" title="Portal:Fizika – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Portal:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citakan:Fisika" title="Citakan:Fisika – сундан тілі" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Citakan:Fisika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வலைவாசல்:இயற்பியல் – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலைவாசல்:இயற்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="สถานีย่อย:ฟิสิกส์ – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีย่อย:ฟิสิกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizik" title="Portal:Fizik – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portal:Fizik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Фізика – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портал:Фізика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Уикипедия — ашық энциклопедиясынан алынған мәлімет</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="background-color: transparent;"><tbody><tr><td class="onglet" style="text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 2px solid; font-size: 110%; background-color: white; border-bottom: none; font-weight:bold;" width="23%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Портал</a></td><td class="onglet" style="width: 2%; border-bottom: 2px solid"> </td><td class="onglet" style="text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; border-radius: 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-webkit-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 2px solid; font-size: 110%; background-color: #000000;" width="23%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жоба:Физика/Қатысушылар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Қатысушылар</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="border:2px solid; padding: .5em 1em 1em 1em; border-top: none; background-color:white; color:#000;zoom: 1"><div style="padding:0.3ex;"> <div style="margin:0; border:1.7px solid #aaa; background-color:#000;"><div> <div style="position:absolute; float:none; z-index:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Plasma-lamp_2.jpg/450px-Plasma-lamp_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="456" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Plasma-lamp_2.jpg/675px-Plasma-lamp_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Plasma-lamp_2.jpg/900px-Plasma-lamp_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1589" data-file-height="1609" /></span></span></div> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <div style="opacity:0.8;"> <div class="center"> <div style="position:relative; height:190px; width:1100px; overflow:hidden; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-bottom: 10px solid #000000; padding:0; height:230px"> <div style="width:100%; overflow:hidden; padding-bottom:0.5em"> </div> <div class="center" style="position: absolute;font-size:200%;left:0%;top:81%;font-weight:bold"><font color="white"><b>Физика порталы</b></font></div></div> </div> <div style="width:100%"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #aaaaaa; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #000000; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Кіріспе" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.96.D1.80.D1.96.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.B5"></span><big>Кіріспе</big></h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: 000000;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="10px" cellpadding="10px"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="white" valign="middle"><b>Физика</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Грек тілі">грек.</a> <span lang="az"><i>φύσις</i></span> — <i>табиғат</i>) — зат әлемді, және оның қозғалысын зерттейтін ғылым. Бұл жөнінде физика күш, энергия, масса, оқтама т.б. сияқты тұжырымдамалармен шұғылданады. Жалпы мағынасы бойынша физика — табиғаттың негізгі (іргелі) қарым-қатынастарын, заңдылықтарын зерттейді. Физика ғылымы ең жалпы және негізгі болатын, затты әлемнің күйін, өзгеруін және құрылымын анықтайтын жаратылыстану бөлімі болып келеді. <p>Кейбір қасиеттер барлық материялдық жүйелер үшін бірдей болады, мысалы, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Энергияның сақталуы">энергияның сақталуы</a> — оларды физикалық заңдылық деп атайды. Кейде физиканы іргелі ғылым деп те атайды, себебі басқа жаратылыстану ғылымдары (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология">биология</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология">геология</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия">химия</a> және т.б.) тек қана заттық жүйелердің, физикалық заңдылықтарға бағынатын, кейбір таптарын ғана сипаттайды. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">Физика туралы толығырақ...</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="float:left; width:64%;"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #aaaaaa; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #000000; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Үздік_мақала" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D2.AE.D0.B7.D0.B4.D1.96.D0.BA_.D0.BC.D0.B0.D2.9B.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0"></span><b>Үздік мақала</b></h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: 000000;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="10px" cellpadding="10px"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="white" valign="middle"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-02.jpg/200px-Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-02.jpg/300px-Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-02.jpg/400px-Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2138" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>Қуат</b> — уақыт бірлігі ішінде істелінген жұмыстың сол уақытқа қатынасымен өлшенетін <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Физикалық шама">физикалық шама</a>. Бірқалыпты <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Механикалық жұмыс">жұмыс</a> істейтін жүйе үшін Қуат: N=А/t өрнегі бойынша есептеледі, мұндағы А – t уақыт ішінде істелетін жұмыс, жалпы жағдайда <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N={\frac {dA}{dt}}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N={\frac {dA}{dt}}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4afa47028cc2c94ccee7f97c06b843c72601531e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:9.344ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N={\frac {dA}{dt}}\,\!}"></span> , dA – элементар уақыт бірлігі (dt) ішіндегі элементар жұмыс. <p>Дененің қозғалыс бағытымен әсер ететін тұрақты күштің Қуатынын: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P=\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathbf {v} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">v</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P=\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathbf {v} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47126ff0a471af9a869b853126cd7fe5c30fd183" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.617ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P=\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathbf {v} }"></span> өрнегімен де анықтауға болады, мұндағы F – денеге әсер ететін <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%88" title="Күш">күш</a>, V – дененің жылдамдығы. Қуаттың <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Бірліктердің халықаралық жүйесі">бірліктердің халықаралық жүйесіндегі</a> (СИ) өлшем бірлігі – <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ватт">Ватт</a> (Вт). Вт=Дж/с. Қуаттың еселі өлшемдері:1 кВт=103Вт, 1 МВт=106Вт техникада кеңінен қолданылады; сонымен қатар Қуат бірлігі ретінде ат күші (а. к.) де қолданылады, 1 а.к.=735,5Вт x0,74 кВт. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N={\frac {\Delta A}{\Delta t}}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N={\frac {\Delta A}{\Delta t}}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/199eb76d23bba90f7c6bd82ab0d5153086c27a5a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:10.064ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N={\frac {\Delta A}{\Delta t}}\,\!}"></span> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Қуат">Тағы да...</a></b> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #aaaaaa; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #000000; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Үздік_сурет" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D2.AE.D0.B7.D0.B4.D1.96.D0.BA_.D1.81.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.82"></span><b>Үздік сурет</b></h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: 000000;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="10px" cellpadding="10px"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="white" valign="middle"><center> <table style="margin-right: 14px; margin-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 7px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; background: Beige; border:4px ridge #000000;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Newtons_cradle_animation_book.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Newtons_cradle_animation_book.gif/350px-Newtons_cradle_animation_book.gif" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Newtons_cradle_animation_book.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <center><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ньютон маятнигі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ньютон маятнигі</a>.</center> </center></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #aaaaaa; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #000000; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D3%A9%D0%B7&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Таңдаулы_дәйексөз" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D2.A3.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D0.B4.D3.99.D0.B9.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.81.D3.A9.D0.B7"></span><b>Таңдаулы дәйексөз</b></h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: 000000;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="10px" cellpadding="10px"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="white" valign="middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Парадокс">Парадокс</a> дегеніміз — шындық пен біздің осы шындықтың «қандай болуы керек» жайындағы пікіріміз арасындағы қақтығыс.</i> <div align="right" style="font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ричард Фейнман">Ричард Фейнман</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #aaaaaa; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #000000; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Таңдаулы_физиктер" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D2.A3.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80"></span><b>Таңдаулы физиктер</b></h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: 000000;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="10px" cellpadding="10px"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="white" valign="middle"> <center><div> <table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="border: 3px solid #b0b0b0;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштейн"><img alt="Альберт Эйнштейн" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/66px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/99px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/132px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="4333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Андре-Мари Ампер"><img alt="Андре-Мари Ампер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ampere1.jpg/66px-Ampere1.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ampere1.jpg/99px-Ampere1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ampere1.jpg/132px-Ampere1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Нильс Бор"><img alt="Нильс Бор" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Niels_Bohr.jpg/66px-Niels_Bohr.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Niels_Bohr.jpg/99px-Niels_Bohr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Niels_Bohr.jpg/132px-Niels_Bohr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Блез Паскаль"><img alt="Блез Паскаль" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Blaise_pascal.jpg/66px-Blaise_pascal.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Blaise_pascal.jpg/99px-Blaise_pascal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Blaise_pascal.jpg/132px-Blaise_pascal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="314" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Исаак Ньютон"><img alt="Исаак Ньютон" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/66px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/99px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 1.5x, 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg/132px-M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1437" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Шарль Огюстен де Кулон"><img alt="Шарль Огюстен де Кулон" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Charles_de_Coulomb.png/66px-Charles_de_Coulomb.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Charles_de_Coulomb.png/99px-Charles_de_Coulomb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Charles_de_Coulomb.png/132px-Charles_de_Coulomb.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1292" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Хендрик Антон Лоренц"><img alt="Хендрик Антон Лоренц" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg/66px-Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg/99px-Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg/132px-Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Христиан Гюйгенс"><img alt="Христиан Гюйгенс" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Christiaan_Huygens-painting.jpeg/66px-Christiaan_Huygens-painting.jpeg" decoding="async" width="66" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Christiaan_Huygens-painting.jpeg/99px-Christiaan_Huygens-painting.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Christiaan_Huygens-painting.jpeg/132px-Christiaan_Huygens-painting.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1682" data-file-height="2204" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Гейзенберг"><img alt="Вернер Гейзенберг" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg/66px-Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg/99px-Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg/132px-Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="789" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Симеон Дени Пуассон"><img alt="Симеон Дени Пуассон" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Simeon_Poisson.jpg/66px-Simeon_Poisson.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Simeon_Poisson.jpg/99px-Simeon_Poisson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Simeon_Poisson.jpg/132px-Simeon_Poisson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1173" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83&wpDestFile=George_Gamow.jpg" class="new" title="Сурет:George Gamow.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="66">Георгий Антонович Гамов</span></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пьер Кюри"><img alt="Пьер Кюри" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pierrecurie.jpg/66px-Pierrecurie.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pierrecurie.jpg/99px-Pierrecurie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pierrecurie.jpg/132px-Pierrecurie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="704" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Никола Тесла"><img alt="Никола Тесла" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/66px-N.Tesla.JPG" decoding="async" width="66" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/99px-N.Tesla.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/132px-N.Tesla.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="3348" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></center></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> </div> <div style="float:right; width:35%"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #aaaaaa; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #000000; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%B1%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Таңдалған_тұлға" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D2.A3.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BB.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D1.82.D2.B1.D0.BB.D2.93.D0.B0"></span><b>Таңдалған тұлға</b></h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: 000000;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="10px" cellpadding="10px"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="white" valign="middle"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/180px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/270px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/360px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>Галилео Галилей</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Италиян тілі">итал.</a> <span lang="it"><i>Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/15_%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="15 ақпан">15 ақпан</a> <a href="/wiki/1564" class="mw-redirect" title="1564">1564</a>, Пиза — <a href="/wiki/8_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="8 қаңтар">8 қаңтар</a> <a href="/wiki/1642" class="mw-redirect" title="1642">1642</a>, Арчетри, Флоренция маңы) — итальян философы, математик, физик, механик және астроном, өз заманындағы ғылымға өте қатты әсер еткен. Ол Италияның <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Пиза">Пиза</a> қаласында 1564 жылдың 15 ақпанында ақсүйек отбасында туған. <a href="/wiki/1581_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1581 жыл">1581 жылы</a> Пиза университетіне түсіп, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина">медицинаны</a> оқып үйренеді. Мұнда ол <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аристотель">Аристотель</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Евклид">Евклид</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Архимед">Архимед</a> еңбектерімен танысады. Сөйтіп, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геометрия">геометрия</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Механика">механикаға</a> әуестенген Галилей медицинаны тастайды. <a href="/wiki/1592_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1592 жыл">1592 жылы</a> Падуяда математика кафедрасын басқарады. Галилей өзінің алғашқы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп">телескопын</a> (<a href="/wiki/1609" class="mw-redirect" title="1609">1609</a>) құрастырады да, осы телескоптың көмегімен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Шолпан (ғаламшар)">Шолпан</a> планетасының фазасын, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Күн">Күндегі дақты</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер">Юпитердің</a> төрт серігін, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн">Сатурнның</a> сақинасын ашты. Дін басылары тыйым салған соң (<a href="/wiki/1616" class="mw-redirect" title="1616">1616</a>), ұзақ уақыт үй тұтқынында ұсталды. Галилей ашқан жаңалықтар дүниенің гелиоцентрлік жүйесі туралы ілімнің жеңіп шығуына ықпал етті. Ол ұлы ғалым болумен бірге, музыкант, суретші, ақын, әдебиетші де болған. Галилей <a href="/wiki/1642_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1642 жыл">1642 жылдың</a> сегізінші қаңтарында Флоренция маңындағы Арчетри қаласында дүние салды. <center><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Галилео Галилей">Тағы да...</a></b></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #aaaaaa; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #000000; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Санаттар" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80"></span><b>Санаттар</b></h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: 000000;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="10px" cellpadding="10px"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="white" valign="middle"><ul style="font-size:85%;padding:.3em 0 .3em 25px;margin:0"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Физика" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Физика">Физика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%8F%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Физика бойынша аяқталмаған мақалалар">Физика бойынша аяқталмаған мақалалар</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Акустика">Акустика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Астрономия" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Санат:Астрономия">Астрономия</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Атомдық_физика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Атомдық физика">Атомдық физика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Биофизика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Биофизика">Биофизика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Гравитация" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Санат:Гравитация">Гравитация</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Дыбыс" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Санат:Дыбыс">Дыбыс</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Классикалық_физика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Классикалық физика">Классикалық физика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Лазерлік_физика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Лазерлік физика">Лазерлік физика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Математикалық физика">Математикалық физика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Санат:Меншікті өткізгіштік">Меншікті өткізгіштік</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Механика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Механика">Механика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Навигациялық үлгілер:Физика">Навигациялық үлгілер:Физика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Оптика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Оптика">Оптика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Санат:Спектроскопия">Спектроскопия</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Статистикалық_физика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Статистикалық физика">Статистикалық физика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Теориялық_физика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Теориялық физика">Теориялық физика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Физика_ғылымдары" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Санат:Физика ғылымдары">Физика ғылымдары</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Физикалық_заңдар" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Физикалық заңдар">Физикалық заңдар</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Санат:Физикалық космология">Физикалық космология</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Физикалық_оптика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Физикалық оптика">Физикалық оптика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Физикалық_теориялар" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Физикалық теориялар">Физикалық теориялар</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Физикалық_химия" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Санат:Физикалық химия">Физикалық химия</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Физикалық_қасиеттер" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Санат:Физикалық қасиеттер">Физикалық қасиеттер</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Физикалық_құбылыстар" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Физикалық құбылыстар">Физикалық құбылыстар</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Физиктер" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Санат:Физиктер">Физиктер</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Химиялық_физика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Химиялық физика">Химиялық физика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Ядролық_физика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Ядролық физика">Ядролық физика</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> </div> <div style="width:100%"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #aaaaaa; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #000000; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Мен_қалай_көмек_көрсете_аламын" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BA_.D0.BA.D3.A9.D1.80.D1.81.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B5_.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BC.D1.8B.D0.BD"></span><b>Мен қалай көмек көрсете аламын</b></h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: 000000;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="10px" cellpadding="10px"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="white" valign="middle"> <ul><li>Уикипедияда бар мақалаларды толықтырыңыз, кездескен қателерді түзеңіз;</li> <li>Қызыл сілтемелерді толтырып, жаңа мақалаларды бастап көріңіз:</li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A3%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%83_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%A3%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%83_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/14px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/21px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/28px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A3%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%83_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%">Уақытты өлшеу және уақыт стандарттары</div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Халықаралық стандарттар</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Дүниежүзілік үйлестірілген уақыт">Дүниежүзілік үйлестірілген уақыт</a> (UTC) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Дүниежүзілік уақыт">Дүниежүзілік уақыт</a> (UT) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=DUT1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DUT1 (мұндай бет жоқ)">DUT1</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Қосалқы секунд (мұндай бет жоқ)">Қосалқы секунд</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Халықаралық атомдық уақыт (мұндай бет жоқ)">Халықаралық атомдық уақыт</a> (TAI) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Халықаралық Жердің айналу қызметі">Халықаралық Жердің айналу қызметі</a> (IERS) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жерлік уақыт (мұндай бет жоқ)">Жерлік уақыт</a> (ТТ) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геоцентрлік координаттық уақыт (мұндай бет жоқ)">Геоцентрлік координаттық уақыт</a> (TCG) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Барицентрлік координаттық уақыт (мұндай бет жоқ)">Барицентрлік координаттық уақыт</a> (TCB) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Азаматтық уақыт (мұндай бет жоқ)">Азаматтық уақыт</a> • 12-сағаттық пішім • 24-сағаттық пішім • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Даталар ауысу сызығы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Даталар ауысу сызығы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96" title="Уақыт белдеуі">Уақыт белдеуі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Жазғы уақыт">Жазғы уақыт</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Орташа күн уақыты">Орташа күн уақыты</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Ескірген стандарттар</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Эфемеридтік уақыт">Эфемеридтік уақыт</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Динамикалық уақыт (мұндай бет жоқ)">Барицентрлік динамикалық уақыт</a> (TDB) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Гринвич уақыты">Гринвич уақыты</a> (GMT) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D2%9B%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бастапқы меридиан">Бастапқы меридиан</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Уақыт">Уақыт</a> физикасы</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Уақыт-кеңістік">Уақыт-кеңістік</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хронон (мұндай бет жоқ)">Хронон</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Планк уақыты (мұндай бет жоқ)">Планк уақыты</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=T-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-симметрия (мұндай бет жоқ)">T-симметрия</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Салыстырмалылық теориясы">Салыстырмалылық теориясы</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уақыттың баяулауы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Уақыттың баяулауы</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Санақ жүйесінің уақыты (мұндай бет жоқ)">Санақ жүйесінің уақыты</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Меншікті уақыт">Меншікті уақыт</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дискретті және үздіксіз уақыт (мұндай бет жоқ)">Дискретті және үздіксіз уақыт</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Абсолюттік кеңістік">Абсолюттік кеңістік</a> пен <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Абсолюттік уақыт">уақыт</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уақыт теңдеуі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Уақыт теңдеуі</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сағат">Сағат</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Астрариум (мұндай бет жоқ)">Астрариум</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Атом сағаты">Атом сағаты</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Күн сағаты">Күн сағаты</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Құм сағаты">Құм сағаты</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Механикалық сағат">Механикалық сағат</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Су сағаты">Су сағаты</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Хронометр">Хронометр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Электронды сағат">Электронды сағат</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Қол сағат (мұндай бет жоқ)">Қол сағат</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Секундөлшер">Секундөлшер</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ақылды сағат (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ақылды сағат</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Күнтізбе">Күнтізбе</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Астрономиялық жылдық нумерация (мұндай бет жоқ)">Астрономиялық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Византия күнтізбесі">Византия күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Григориан күнтізбесі">Григориан күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Еврей күнтізбесі">Еврей күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Ислам күнтізбесі">Ислам күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Қазақ күнтізбесі">Қазақ күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Мысыр күнтізбесі">Мысыр күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Үнді-Парсы күнтізбесі">Үнді-Парсы күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Юлиан күнтізбесі">Юлиан күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ай күнтізбесі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ай күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B9-%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ай-күн күнтізбесі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ай-күн күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Күн күнтізбесі">Күн күнтізбесі</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Епакта (мұндай бет жоқ)">Епакта</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Кібісе жылы">Кібісе жылы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Тропиктік жыл">Тропиктік жыл</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Қысқы күн тоқырауы">Қысқы</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Жазғы күн тоқырауы">жазғы күн тоқырауы</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Күн мен түннің теңесуі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Күн мен түннің теңесуі</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Астрономиялық хронология</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Галактикалық жыл">Галактикалық жыл</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Ядролық уақыт">Ядролық уақыт</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Прецессия және нутация">Прецессия</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Жұлдыздық уақыт">Жұлдыздық уақыт</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A3%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Санат:Уақыт өлшем бірліктері">Уақыт өлшем бірліктері</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Секунд">Секунд</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82" title="Минут">Минут</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сағат">Сағат</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Тәулік">Тәулік</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Апта">Апта</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9_(%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B)" title="Ай (уақыт аралығы)">Ай</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%9B%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тоқсан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Тоқсан</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Жыл">Жыл</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Люстр (мұндай бет жоқ)">Люстр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Мүшел жас">Мүшел жас</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Ғасыр">Ғасыр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D2%A3%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Мыңжылдық">Мыңжылдық</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Қосымша</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Жыл санау">Жыл санау</a> (Хронология) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геохронология">Геохронология</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=System_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System time (мұндай бет жоқ)">System time</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Академиялық сағат">Академиялық сағат</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Хроноскоп">Хроноскоп</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%">Заттың <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Агрегаттық күй">термодинамикалық күйлері</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Термодинамикалық фаза">Термодинамикалық<br />фазалар</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Агрегаттық күй">Агрегаттық күй</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Гиббс фаза ережесі">Гиббс фаза ережесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фазалық диаграмма">Фазалық диаграмма</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96" title="Күй теңдеуі">Күй теңдеуі</a> </p> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Қатты дене">Қатты дене</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кристалдар">Кристалдар</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Монокристалл">Монокристалл</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Поликристалл">Поликристалл</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кристаллит (мұндай бет жоқ)">Кристаллит</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезофаза (мұндай бет жоқ)">Мезофаза</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Аморфты құрылыс">Аморфты құрылыс</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сұйық кристалдар">Сұйық кристалдар</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нематик (мұндай бет жоқ)">Нематик</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Смектик">Смектик</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Холестерик">Холестерик</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бағаналы фаза (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бағаналы фаза</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезоген (мұндай бет жоқ)">Мезоген</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жасуша мембранасы">Мембрана</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Сұйықтық">Сұйықтық</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Идеал сұйықтық">Идеал сұйықтық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF" title="Метастабильді қалып">Метастабильді қалып</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B5_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" title="Мейлінше қыздыру">Аса қайнаған сұйықтық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83" title="Аса суыту">Аса суытылған сұйықтық</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Балқыма">Балқыма</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шамадан тыс сұйықтық (мұндай бет жоқ)">Шамадан тыс сұйықтық</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ">Газ</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Идеал газ">Идеал газ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Нақты газ">Нақты газ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83" title="Бу">Бу</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қаныққан және қанықпаған булар">Қаныққан және қанықпаған булар</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Плазма">Плазма</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Плазма">Электрмагниттік</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA-%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кварк-глюондық плазма (мұндай бет жоқ)">Кварк-глюондық</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Глазма (мұндай бет жоқ)">Глазма</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Аса төмен <br />температуралы</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%E2%80%93%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Бозе–Эйнштейн конденсаттануы">Бозе конденсаты</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Фермионды конденсат">Фермионды конденсат</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фотондық молекула (мұндай бет жоқ)">Фотондық молекула</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кванттық газ (мұндай бет жоқ)">Кванттық газ</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бозе газ (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бозе газ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ферми газ">Ферми газ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Күйреуік материя">Дегенерат газы</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Кванттық сұйықтық">Кванттық сұйықтық</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бозе сұйықтық (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бозе сұйықтық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Ферми сұйық">Ферми сұйық</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D2%9B%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Асқын аққыш қатты дене (мұндай бет жоқ)">Асқын аққыш қатты дене</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D2%9B%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Асқын аққыштық">Асқын аққыштық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Асқын өткізгіштік">Асқын өткізгіштік</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83" title="Фазалық ауысу">Фазалық ауысулар</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%83" title="Бірінші текті фазалық өту">Бірінші текті</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%83" title="Балқу">Балқу</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Кристалдану">Кристалдану</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Балқу температурасы">Балқу температурасы</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сублимация">Сублимация</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Десублимация">Десублимация</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Иондану">Иондану</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Рекомбинация">Рекомбинация</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конденсация">Конденсация</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Булану">Булану</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Қайнау">Қайнау</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қайнау температурасы">Қайнау температурасы</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Фазалық өту температурасы">Фазалық өту температурасы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Фазалық өтудің жылуы">Фазалық өтудің жылуы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Үштік нүкте">Үштік нүкте</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Мартенсит">Мартенситтік</a> түрлену • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эвтектика">Эвтектика</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Азеотропты қоспа">Азеотропты қоспа</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%83" title="Екінші текті фазалық өту">Екінші текті</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сегнетоэлектриктер">Сегнетоэлектриктер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Антисегнетоэлектриктер">Антисегнетоэлектриктер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ферромагнетиктер">Ферромагнетиктер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Парамагнетиктер">Парамагнетиктер</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антиферромагнетиктер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Антиферромагнетиктер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кюри температурасы">Кюри нүктесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Неель нүктесі">Неель нүктесі</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Кванттық</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лямбда-нүкте (мұндай бет жоқ)">Лямбда-нүкте</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" title="Дисперсияландыру">Дисперстік жүйелер</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гель">Гель</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аэрогель">Аэрогель</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Ерітінді">Ерітінді</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Коллоидтар">Коллоидтар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Золь">Золь</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аэрозоль">Аэрозоль</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Суспензия">Суспензия</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эмульсия">Эмульсия</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Қосымша</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қалыпты шарттар">Қалыпты шарттар</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%E2%80%93%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ферми–Дирак статистикасы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ферми–Дирак статистикасы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%E2%80%93%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бозе–Эйнштейн статистикасы">Бозе–Эйнштейн статистикасы</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> </div> <div style="width:100%"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #aaaaaa; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #000000; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Жобалар" style="font-size:100%; 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