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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кіру</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Басқа баптаулар" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Жеке құралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Жеке құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Қатысушы мәзірі" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikipedia.org&uselang=kk"><span>Демеу беру</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B+%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Тіркелу</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B+%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кіру</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шыққан өңдеушілерге арналған беттер <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" aria-label="Өңдеу туралы көбірек білу"><span>көбірек білу</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжаймен жасаған өңдемелер тізімі [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Үлесім</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжай өңдемелерін 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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Мазмұны" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Мазмұны</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Кіріспе</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Дереккөздер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дереккөздер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Дереккөздер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дереккөздер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмұны" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Фазалық ауысу</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 58 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تحول طوري – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تحول طوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transici%C3%B3n_de_fase" title="Transición de fase – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Transición de fase" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faza_ke%C3%A7idl%C9%99ri" title="Faza keçidləri – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Faza keçidləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Фазавы пераход – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фазавы пераход" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Фазов преход – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фазов преход" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0" title="দশান্তর – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দশান্তর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transici%C3%B3_de_fase" title="Transició de fase – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Transició de fase" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1zov%C3%BD_p%C5%99echod" title="Fázový přechod – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fázový přechod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Фазăлла куçăм – чуваш тілі" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фазăлла куçăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasen%C3%BCbergang" title="Phasenübergang – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phasenübergang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition" title="Phase transition – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phase transition" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faztransiro" title="Faztransiro – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Faztransiro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transici%C3%B3n_de_fase" title="Transición de fase – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transición de fase" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faasisiire" title="Faasisiire – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Faasisiire" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fase-aldaketa" title="Fase-aldaketa – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fase-aldaketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="گذار فاز – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گذار فاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faasimuutos" title="Faasimuutos – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Faasimuutos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_de_phase" title="Transition de phase – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Transition de phase" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caghlaa_paase" title="Caghlaa paase – мэн тілі" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Caghlaa paase" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэн тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%96%D7%94" title="מעבר פאזה – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעבר פאזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" title="प्रावस्था संक्रमण – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रावस्था संक्रमण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazni_prijelazi" title="Fazni prijelazi – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fazni prijelazi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1zis%C3%A1talakul%C3%A1s" title="Fázisátalakulás – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fázisátalakulás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Փուլային անցում – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փուլային անցում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_de_phase" title="Transition de phase – интерлингва тілі" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Transition de phase" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perubahan_wujud_zat" title="Perubahan wujud zat – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perubahan wujud zat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transizione_di_fase" title="Transizione di fase – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Transizione di fase" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E8%BB%A2%E7%A7%BB" title="相転移 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="相転移" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%A0%84%EC%9D%B4" title="상전이 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상전이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%ABsenos_kitimas" title="Būsenos kitimas – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Būsenos kitimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Фазен премин – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фазен премин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="അവസ്ഥാന്തരങ്ങൾ – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അവസ്ഥാന്തരങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Өөрчлөлтийн үе шат – моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Өөрчлөлтийн үе шат" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peralihan_fasa" title="Peralihan fasa – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peralihan fasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အဆင့်ကူးပြောင်းခြင်း – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဆင့်ကူးပြောင်းခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faseovergang" title="Faseovergang – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Faseovergang" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faseovergang" title="Faseovergang – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Faseovergang" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faseovergang" title="Faseovergang – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Faseovergang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przemiana_fazowa" title="Przemiana fazowa – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przemiana fazowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="د فاز بدلون – пушту тілі" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د فاز بدلون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_fase" title="Transição de fase – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Transição de fase" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformare_de_faz%C4%83" title="Transformare de fază – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Transformare de fază" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Фазовый переход – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фазовый переход" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazna_transformacija" title="Fazna transformacija – серб-хорват тілі" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fazna transformacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_change" title="Phase change – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Phase change" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1zov%C3%A1_premena" title="Fázová premena – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fázová premena" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazni_prehod" title="Fazni prehod – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fazni prehod" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirambo_(misandu)" title="Chirambo (misandu) – шона тілі" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirambo (misandu)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Фазна трансформација – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фазна трансформација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fas%C3%B6verg%C3%A5ng" title="Fasövergång – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fasövergång" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நிலை மாற்றம் – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலை மாற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2l_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fimi" title="Hâl değişimi – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hâl değişimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Фазовий перехід – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фазовий перехід" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazaviy_o%CA%BBtish" title="Fazaviy oʻtish – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fazaviy oʻtish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuy%E1%BB%83n_pha" title="Chuyển pha – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chuyển pha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E8%AE%8A" title="相變 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="相變" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B2ng_cho%C3%A1n-%C3%AE" title="Siòng choán-î – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siòng choán-î" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E8%AE%8A" title="相變 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="相變" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185357#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Тіларалық сілтемелерді өңдеу" class="wbc-editpage">Сілтемелерді өңдеу</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ат кеңістіктері"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83" title="Мазмұн бетін көру [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бет</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83:%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Мағлұмат бетті талқылау (мұндай бет жоқ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тіл нұсқасын ауыстыру" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">kk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Көріністер"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&veaction=edit" title="Бұл бетті өңдеу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&action=edit" title="Бұл беттің қайнар мәтінін өңдеу [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Қайнарын өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&action=history" title="Бұл беттін соңғы нұсқалары. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Құралдар" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Құралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Әрекеттер </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&veaction=edit" title="Бұл бетті өңдеу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&action=edit" title="Бұл беттің қайнар мәтінін өңдеу [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Қайнарын өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&action=history"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Жалпы </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83" title="Мұнда сілтейтін барлық бет тізімі [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Мұнда сілтейтін беттер</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83" rel="nofollow" title="Осы жерден сілтенген беттердің жуықтағы өзгерістері [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Қатысты өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Барлық арнайы беттер тізімі [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Арнайы беттер</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&oldid=2862460" title="Мына беттің осы нұсқасының тұрақты сілтемесі"><span>Тұрақты сілтеме</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&action=info" title="Бұл бет туралы көбірек мәлімет"><span>Бет ақпараты</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&id=2862460&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Бұл беттен қалай дәйексөз алуға болатыны туралы мәлімет"><span>Беттен дәйексөз алу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D2%259B_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%2583"><span>URL мекенжайын қысқарту</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D2%259B_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%2583"><span>QR код жүктеу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баспа/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ретінде жүктеп алу</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Бұл беттің басып шығаруға арналған нұсқасы [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Басып шығару нұсқасы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Басқа жобаларда </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phase_changes" hreflang="en"><span>Ортаққор</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185357" title="Сілтеме дерек қойма данасымен байланысқан [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Уикидерек элементі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрініс"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрініс</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Уикипедия — ашық энциклопедиясынан алынған мәлімет</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Phase_change_-_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Phase_change_-_en.svg/220px-Phase_change_-_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Phase_change_-_en.svg/330px-Phase_change_-_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Phase_change_-_en.svg/440px-Phase_change_-_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Фазалық ауысу</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Фаза">фазалық</a> түрлену — кең мағынасында сыртқы жағдайлар (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура">температура</a>, қысым, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнит">магниттік</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Электр өрісі">электрлік өріс</a>, т.б.) өзгергенде заттың бір фазадан екінші фазаға ауысуы; тар мағынасында сыртқы параметрлер үздіксіз өзгергенде <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физикалық</a> қасиеттердің секірмелі өзгеруі. Температураның, қысымның немесе қандай да бір басқа физ. шаманың Фазалық ауысу өтетін мәні ауысу нүктесі деп аталады. Фазалық ауысудың екі тегін ажыратады. Бірінші текті Фазалық ауысуда заттың тығыздығы, құраушыларының концентрациясы сияқты <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика">термодинамикалық</a> сипаттамалары секірмелі түрде өзгереді; масса бірлігінде Фазалық ауысу жылуы деп аталатын жылудың толық анықталған мөлшері бөлінеді немесе жұтылады. Екінші текті Фазалық ауысу кезінде қандай да бір нөлге тең физикалық шама ауысу нүктесінің бір жағынан екінші жағына қарай ығысу нүктесінен алыстағанда нөлден бастап біртіндеп өседі. Мұнда тығыздық үздіксіз өзгереді, жылу бөлінбейді және жұтылмайды. Бірінші текті Фазалық ауысу табиғатта кең таралған құбылыс. Оған булану мен конденсаттану, балқу мен қатаю, қатты фазаға <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сублимация">сублимациялану</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Конденсат">конденсаттану</a>, қатты денелердегі кейбір құрылымдық ауысулар, мысалы, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Темір">темір</a>-<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Көмір">көміртек</a> қорытпасында мартенситтің түзілуі жатады. Таза асқын өткізгіштерде жеткілікті күшті <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнит">магнит</a> өрісі асқын өткізгіштік күйден қалыпты күйге бірінші текті Фазалық ауысутуғызады. Екінші текті Фазалық ауысуға: макроскоп. магниттік моменттің пайда болуымен бірге жүретін <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0-%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пара-ферромагнетик (мұндай бет жоқ)">пара-ферромагнетик</a>. ауысу, пара-антиферромагнетик. ауысу, т.б. жатады. Фазалық ауысу температураның, т.б. шамалардың қатаң анықталған мәндеріндегі бөлшектер санына шек қойылмайтын жүйеде ғана өтетін құбылыс. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дереккөздер"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Дереккөздер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Дереккөздер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Дереккөздер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Қазақ Энциклопедиясы">"Қазақ Энциклопедиясы"</a>, 9 том,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Қазақ тілі терминдерінің салалық ғылыми түсіндірме сөздігі: Химия. Н.Нұрахметов, А.Ниязбаева, Р.Рысқалиева, Н.Далабаева. — Алматы: "Мектеп" баспасы, 2007. — 336 бет. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9965364168" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9965-36-416-8</a></span> </li> </ol> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/40px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/60px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/80px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Бұл мақаланы Уикипедия <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%96" title="Уикипедия:Уикидің негізгі синтаксисі">сапа талаптарына</a> лайықты болуы үшін <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83" title="Уикипедия:Уикилендіру">уикилендіру</a> қажет.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/14px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/21px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/28px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика">Термодинамика</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Термодинамика бөлімдері</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термодинамика бастамасы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Термодинамика бастамасы</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96" title="Күй теңдеуі">Күй теңдеуі</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термодинамикалық шамалар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Термодинамикалық шамалар</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Термодинамикалық потенциал">Термодинамикалық потенциалдар</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термодинамикалық циклдер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Термодинамикалық циклдер</a>  • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Фазалық ауысулар</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термодинамика бастамасы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Термодинамика бастамасы</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Термодинамиканың нөлінші бастамасы">Термодинамиканың жалпы бастамасы</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Термодинамиканың бірінші бастамасы">Термодинамиканың бірінші бастамасы</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B" title="Термодинамиканың екінші заңы">Термодинамиканың екінші бастамасы</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Термодинамиканың үшінші бастамасы">Термодинамиканың үшінші бастамасы</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/14px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/21px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/28px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%">Заттың <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Агрегаттық күй">термодинамикалық күйлері</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Термодинамикалық фаза">Термодинамикалық<br />фазалар</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Агрегаттық күй">Агрегаттық күй</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Гиббс фаза ережесі">Гиббс фаза ережесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фазалық диаграмма">Фазалық диаграмма</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96" title="Күй теңдеуі">Күй теңдеуі</a> </p> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Қатты дене">Қатты дене</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кристалдар">Кристалдар</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Монокристалл">Монокристалл</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Поликристалл">Поликристалл</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кристаллит (мұндай бет жоқ)">Кристаллит</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезофаза (мұндай бет жоқ)">Мезофаза</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Аморфты құрылыс">Аморфты құрылыс</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сұйық кристалдар">Сұйық кристалдар</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нематик (мұндай бет жоқ)">Нематик</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Смектик">Смектик</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Холестерик">Холестерик</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бағаналы фаза (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бағаналы фаза</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезоген (мұндай бет жоқ)">Мезоген</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жасуша мембранасы">Мембрана</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Сұйықтық">Сұйықтық</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Идеал сұйықтық">Идеал сұйықтық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF" title="Метастабильді қалып">Метастабильді қалып</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B5_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" title="Мейлінше қыздыру">Аса қайнаған сұйықтық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83" title="Аса суыту">Аса суытылған сұйықтық</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Балқыма">Балқыма</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шамадан тыс сұйықтық (мұндай бет жоқ)">Шамадан тыс сұйықтық</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ">Газ</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Идеал газ">Идеал газ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Нақты газ">Нақты газ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83" title="Бу">Бу</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қаныққан және қанықпаған булар">Қаныққан және қанықпаған булар</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Плазма">Плазма</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Плазма">Электрмагниттік</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA-%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кварк-глюондық плазма (мұндай бет жоқ)">Кварк-глюондық</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Глазма (мұндай бет жоқ)">Глазма</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Аса төмен <br />температуралы</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%E2%80%93%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Бозе–Эйнштейн конденсаттануы">Бозе конденсаты</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Фермионды конденсат">Фермионды конденсат</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фотондық молекула (мұндай бет жоқ)">Фотондық молекула</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кванттық газ (мұндай бет жоқ)">Кванттық газ</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бозе газ (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бозе газ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ферми газ">Ферми газ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Күйреуік материя">Дегенерат газы</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Кванттық сұйықтық">Кванттық сұйықтық</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бозе сұйықтық (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бозе сұйықтық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Ферми сұйық">Ферми сұйық</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D2%9B%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Асқын аққыш қатты дене (мұндай бет жоқ)">Асқын аққыш қатты дене</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D2%9B%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Асқын аққыштық">Асқын аққыштық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Асқын өткізгіштік">Асқын өткізгіштік</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Фазалық ауысулар</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%83" title="Бірінші текті фазалық өту">Бірінші текті</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%83" title="Балқу">Балқу</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Кристалдану">Кристалдану</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Балқу температурасы">Балқу температурасы</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сублимация">Сублимация</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Десублимация">Десублимация</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Иондану">Иондану</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Рекомбинация">Рекомбинация</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конденсация">Конденсация</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Булану">Булану</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Қайнау">Қайнау</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қайнау температурасы">Қайнау температурасы</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Фазалық өту температурасы">Фазалық өту температурасы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Фазалық өтудің жылуы">Фазалық өтудің жылуы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Үштік нүкте">Үштік нүкте</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Мартенсит">Мартенситтік</a> түрлену • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эвтектика">Эвтектика</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Азеотропты қоспа">Азеотропты қоспа</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%83" title="Екінші текті фазалық өту">Екінші текті</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сегнетоэлектриктер">Сегнетоэлектриктер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Антисегнетоэлектриктер">Антисегнетоэлектриктер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ферромагнетиктер">Ферромагнетиктер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Парамагнетиктер">Парамагнетиктер</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антиферромагнетиктер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Антиферромагнетиктер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кюри температурасы">Кюри нүктесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Неель нүктесі">Неель нүктесі</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Кванттық</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лямбда-нүкте (мұндай бет жоқ)">Лямбда-нүкте</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" title="Дисперсияландыру">Дисперстік жүйелер</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гель">Гель</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аэрогель">Аэрогель</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Ерітінді">Ерітінді</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Коллоидтар">Коллоидтар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Золь">Золь</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аэрозоль">Аэрозоль</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Суспензия">Суспензия</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эмульсия">Эмульсия</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Қосымша</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қалыпты шарттар">Қалыпты шарттар</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%E2%80%93%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ферми–Дирак статистикасы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ферми–Дирак статистикасы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%E2%80%93%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бозе–Эйнштейн статистикасы">Бозе–Эйнштейн статистикасы</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img 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