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Joshua 3:10 He continued, "This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that He will surely drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Joshua 3:10 He continued, "This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that He will surely drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/joshua/3-10.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/20/06_Jos_03_10.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Joshua 3:10 - Crossing the Jordan" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="He continued, This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that He will surely drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/joshua/3-10.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/joshua/3-10.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/joshua/">Joshua</a> > <a href="/joshua/3.htm">Chapter 3</a> > Verse 10</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad10.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/joshua/3-9.htm" title="Joshua 3:9">&#9668;</a> Joshua 3:10 <a href="/joshua/3-11.htm" title="Joshua 3:11">&#9658;</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible">&nbsp;Audio&nbsp;</a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References">&nbsp;Cross&nbsp;</a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible">&nbsp;Study&nbsp;</a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary">&nbsp;Comm&nbsp;</a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon">&nbsp;Heb&nbsp;</a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv"><b>Verse</b><a href="/bsb/joshua/3.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">&nbsp; (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/joshua/3.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that he will certainly drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites and Jebusites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/joshua/3.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />Today you will know that the living God is among you. He will surely drive out the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites ahead of you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/joshua/3.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />And Joshua said, &#8220;Here is how you shall know that the living God is among you and that he will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Hivites, the Perizzites, the Girgashites, the Amorites, and the Jebusites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/joshua/3.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />He continued, &#8220;This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that He will surely drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/joshua/3.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And Joshua said, Hereby ye shall know that the living God <i>is</i> among you, and <i>that</i> he will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Jebusites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/joshua/3.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />And Joshua said, &#8220;By this you shall know that the living God <i>is</i> among you, and <i>that</i> He will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites and the Hittites and the Hivites and the Perizzites and the Girgashites and the Amorites and the Jebusites:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/joshua/3.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />And Joshua said, &#8220;By this you will know that the living God is among you, and that He will assuredly drive out from you the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Hivite, the Perizzite, the Girgashite, the Amorite, and the Jebusite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/joshua/3.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />Joshua said, &#8220By this you shall know that the living God is among you, and that He will assuredly dispossess from before you the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Hivite, the Perizzite, the Girgashite, the Amorite, and the Jebusite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/joshua/3.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />And Joshua said, &#8220;By this you shall know that the living God is among you, and that He will assuredly dispossess from before you the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Hivite, the Perizzite, the Girgashite, the Amorite, and the Jebusite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/joshua/3.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />And Joshua said, &#8220;By this you shall know that the living God is among you, and that He will assuredly dispossess from before you the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Hivite, the Perizzite, the Girgashite, the Amorite, and the Jebusite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/joshua/3.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />Joshua said, &#8220;By this you shall know that the living God is among you, and that He will, without fail, drive out from before you the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Hivite, the Perizzite, the Girgashite, the Amorite, and the Jebusite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/joshua/3.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />He said, &#8220;You will know that the living God is among you and that he will certainly dispossess before you the Canaanites, Hethites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/joshua/3.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />He said: &#8220You will know that the living God is among you and that He will certainly dispossess before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/joshua/3.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And Joshua said, Hereby ye shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Hivite, and the Perizzite, and the Girgashite, and the Amorite, and the Jebusite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/joshua/3.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />The Canaanites, the Hittites, the Hivites, the Perizzites, the Girgashites, the Amorites, and the Jebusites control the land on the other side of the river. But the living God will be with you and will force them out of the land when you attack. And now, God is going to prove that he's powerful enough to force them out. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/joshua/3.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And Joshua said, Hereby ye shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Hivite, and the Perizzite, and the Girgashite, and the Amorite, and the Jebusite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/joshua/3.htm">GOD'S WORD&reg; Translation</a></span><br />Joshua continued, "This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that he will certainly force the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites out of your way.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/joshua/3.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />As you advance, he will surely drive out the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Hivites, the Perizzites, the Girgashites, the Amorites, and the Jebusites. You will know that the living God is among you <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/joshua/3.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />Joshua continued, "This is how you'll know that the living God really is among you: he's going to remove the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Hivites, the Perizzites, the Girgashites, the Amorites, and the Jebusites right in front of you. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/joshua/3.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />He continued, ?This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that He will surely drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/joshua/3.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />Joshua continued, "This is how you will know the living God is among you and that he will truly drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/joshua/3.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />Joshua said, "Hereby you shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive the Canaanite, and the Hethite, and the Hivite, and the Perizzite, and the Girgashite, and the Amorite, and the Jebusite out from before you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/joshua/3.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And Joshua said, By this ye shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Jebusites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/joshua/3.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />Joshua said, &#8220;By this you shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Hivite, the Perizzite, the Girgashite, the Amorite, and the Jebusite out from before you. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/joshua/3.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />and Joshua says, &#8220;By this you know that the living God [is] in your midst, and He certainly dispossesses from before you the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Hivite, and the Perizzite, and the Girgashite, and the Amorite, and the Jebusite:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/joshua/3.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> and Joshua saith, 'By this ye know that the living God is in your midst, and He doth certainly dispossess from before you the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Hivite, and the Perizzite, and the Girgashite, and the Amorite, and the Jebusite:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/joshua/3.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And Joshua will say, By this ye shall know that the living God is in the midst of you; and destroying, he will destroy from your face the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Hivite and the Perizzite and the Girgashite and the Amorite and the Jebusite.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/joshua/3.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />And again he said: By this you shall know that the Lord the living God is in the midst of you, and that he shall destroy before your sight the Chanaanite and the Hethite, the Hevite and the Pherezite, the Gergesite also and the Jebusite, and the Amorrhite. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/joshua/3.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />And again, he said: &#8220;By this shall you know that the Lord, the living God, is in your midst, and that he shall scatter in your sight, the Canaanite and the Hittite, the Hivite and the Perizzite, likewise the Girgashite, and the Jebusite, and the Amorite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/joshua/3.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />He continued: &#8220;By this you will know that there is a living God in your midst: he will certainly dispossess before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/joshua/3.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />Joshua said, &#8220;By this you shall know that among you is the living God who without fail will drive out from before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites:<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/joshua/3.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And Joshua said, Hereby you shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will destroy from before you the Hittites, the Canaanites, the Hivites, the Perizzites, the Girgashites, the Amorites, and the Jebusites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/joshua/3.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And Yeshua said: &#8220;In this you shall know that God lives among you and he is destroying from before you the Hittites and the Canaanites and the Kharites and the Perizites and the Gergusites and the Amorites and the Yebusites<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/joshua/3.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And Joshua said: 'Hereby ye shall know that the living God is among you, and that He will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Hivite, and the Perizzite, and the Girgashite, and the Amorite, and the Jebusite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/joshua/3.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />Hereby ye shall know that the living God <i>is</i> among you, and will utterly destroy from before our face the Chananite, and the Chettite and Pherezite, and the Evite, and the Amorite, and the Gergesite, and the Jebusite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/joshua/3-10.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/p91zXIGB0Rk?start=533" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/joshua/3.htm">Crossing the Jordan</a></span><br>&#8230;<span class="reftext">9</span>So Joshua told the Israelites, &#8220;Come here and listen to the words of the LORD your God.&#8221; <span class="reftext">10</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/3091.htm" title="3091: y&#601;&#183;h&#333;&#183;w&#333;&#183;&#353;u&#183;a&#8216; (N-proper-ms) -- Or Yhowshua; from Yhovah and yasha'; Jehovah-saved; Jehoshua, the Jewish leader.">He</a> <a href="/hebrew/559.htm" title="559: way&#183;y&#333;&#183;mer (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- To utter, say. A primitive root; to say.">continued,</a> <a href="/hebrew/2063.htm" title="2063: b&#601;&#183;z&#333;&#7791; (Prep-b:: Pro-fs) -- Hereby in it, likewise, the one other, same, she, so much, such deed, that. Irregular feminine of zeh; this.">&#8220;This is how</a> <a href="/hebrew/3045.htm" title="3045: t&#234;&#183;&#7695;&#601;&#183;&#8216;&#363;n (V-Qal-Imperf-2mp:: Pn) -- A primitive root; to know; used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially.">you will know</a> <a href="/hebrew/3588.htm" title="3588: k&#238; (Conj) -- That, for, when. ">that</a> <a href="/hebrew/2416.htm" title="2416: &#7717;ay (Adj-ms) -- Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life. From chayah; alive; hence, raw; fresh, strong; also life, whether literally or figuratively.">the living</a> <a href="/hebrew/410.htm" title="410: &#8217;&#234;l (N-ms) -- God, in pl. gods. Shortened from 'ayil; strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty.">God is</a> <a href="/hebrew/7130.htm" title="7130: b&#601;&#183;qir&#183;b&#601;&#183;&#7733;em (Prep-b:: N-msc:: 2mp) -- Inward part, midst. From qarab; properly, the nearest part, i.e. The center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial.">among you</a> <a href="/hebrew/3423.htm" title="3423: w&#601;&#183;h&#333;&#183;w&#183;r&#234;&#353; (Conj-w:: V-Hifil-InfAbs) -- Or yaresh; a primitive root; to occupy; by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish, to ruin.">and that He will surely drive out</a> <a href="/hebrew/3423.htm" title="3423: y&#333;&#183;w&#183;r&#238;&#353; (V-Hifil-Imperf-3ms) -- Or yaresh; a primitive root; to occupy; by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish, to ruin."></a> <a href="/hebrew/6440.htm" title="6440: mip&#183;p&#601;&#183;n&#234;&#183;&#7733;em (Prep-m:: N-mpc:: 2mp) -- Face, faces. Plural of an unused noun; the face; used in a great variety of applications; also as a preposition.">before you</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: &#8217;e&#7791;- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3669.htm" title="3669: hak&#183;k&#601;&#183;na&#183;&#8216;a&#774;&#183;n&#238; (Art:: N-proper-ms) -- Canaanite -- inhabitant of Canaan. Patrial from Kna'an; a Kenaanite or inhabitant of Kenaan; by implication, a pedlar.">the Canaanites,</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: w&#601;&#183;&#8217;e&#7791;- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2850.htm" title="2850: ha&#183;&#7717;it&#183;t&#238; (Art:: N-proper-ms) -- Desc. of Heth. Patronymically from Cheth; a Chittite, or descendant of Cheth.">Hittites,</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: w&#601;&#183;&#8217;e&#7791;- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2340.htm" title="2340: ha&#183;&#7717;iw&#183;w&#238; (Art:: N-proper-ms) -- Perhaps from chavvah; a villager; a Chivvite, one of the aboriginal tribes of Palestine.">Hivites,</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: w&#601;&#183;&#8217;e&#7791;- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/6522.htm" title="6522: hap&#183;p&#601;&#183;riz&#183;z&#238; (Art:: N-proper-ms) -- A people in the land of Canaan. For praziy; inhabitant of the open country; a Perizzite, one of the Canaanitish tribes.">Perizzites,</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: w&#601;&#183;&#8217;e&#7791;- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1622.htm" title="1622: hag&#183;gir&#183;g&#257;&#183;&#353;&#238; (Art:: N-proper-ms) -- A native tribe of Canaan. Patrial from an unused name; a Girgashite, one of the native tribes of Canaan.">Girgashites,</a> <a href="/hebrew/567.htm" title="567: w&#601;&#183;h&#257;&#183;&#8217;&#277;&#183;m&#333;&#183;r&#238; (Conj-w, Art:: N-proper-ms) -- Perhaps mountain dwellers, a Canaanite tribe. ">Amorites,</a> <a href="/hebrew/2983.htm" title="2983: w&#601;&#183;hay&#183;&#7687;&#363;&#183;s&#238; (Conj-w, Art:: N-proper-ms) -- Inhab. of Jebus. Patrial from Ybuwc; a Jebusite or inhabitant of Jebus.">and Jebusites.</a> </span><span class="reftext">11</span>Behold, the ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth will go ahead of you into the Jordan.&#8230;<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> &middot; <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/23-23.htm">Exodus 23:23</a></span><br />For My angel will go before you and bring you into the land of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I will annihilate them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/7-1.htm">Deuteronomy 7:1</a></span><br />When the LORD your God brings you into the land that you are entering to possess, and He drives out before you many nations&#8212;the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations larger and stronger than you&#8212;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/31-3.htm">Deuteronomy 31:3</a></span><br />The LORD your God Himself will cross over ahead of you. He will destroy these nations before you, and you will dispossess them. Joshua will cross ahead of you, as the LORD has said.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/44-2.htm">Psalm 44:2-3</a></span><br />With Your hand You drove out the nations and planted our fathers there; You crushed the peoples and cast them out. / For it was not by their sword that they took the land; their arm did not bring them victory. It was by Your right hand, Your arm, and the light of Your face, because You favored them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/nehemiah/9-24.htm">Nehemiah 9:24</a></span><br />So their descendants went in and possessed the land; You subdued before them the Canaanites dwelling in the land. You delivered into their hands the kings and peoples of the land, to do with them as they wished.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/7-45.htm">Acts 7:45</a></span><br />And our fathers who received it brought it in with Joshua when they dispossessed the nations God drove out before them. It remained until the time of David,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/hebrews/11-30.htm">Hebrews 11:30-31</a></span><br />By faith the walls of Jericho fell, after the people had marched around them for seven days. / By faith the prostitute Rahab, because she welcomed the spies in peace, did not perish with those who were disobedient.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/judges/3-5.htm">Judges 3:5-6</a></span><br />Thus the Israelites continued to live among the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. / And they took the daughters of these people in marriage, gave their own daughters to their sons, and served their gods.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/8-21.htm">1 Kings 8:21</a></span><br />And there I have provided a place for the ark, which contains the covenant of the LORD that He made with our fathers when He brought them out of the land of Egypt.&#8221;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/20-7.htm">2 Chronicles 20:7</a></span><br />Our God, did You not drive out the inhabitants of this land before Your people Israel and give it forever to the descendants of Abraham Your friend?<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/63-12.htm">Isaiah 63:12-14</a></span><br />who sent His glorious arm to lead them by the right hand of Moses, who divided the waters before them to gain for Himself everlasting renown, / who led them through the depths like a horse in the wilderness, so that they did not stumble? / Like cattle going down to the valley, the Spirit of the LORD gave them rest. You led Your people this way to make for Yourself a glorious name.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/13-19.htm">Acts 13:19</a></span><br />And having vanquished seven nations in Canaan, He gave their land to His people as an inheritance.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/8-31.htm">Romans 8:31</a></span><br />What then shall we say in response to these things? If God is for us, who can be against us?<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_corinthians/10-1.htm">1 Corinthians 10:1-4</a></span><br />I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that our forefathers were all under the cloud, and that they all passed through the sea. / They were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea. / They all ate the same spiritual food ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ephesians/1-18.htm">Ephesians 1:18-19</a></span><br />I ask that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened, so that you may know the hope of His calling, the riches of His glorious inheritance in the saints, / and the surpassing greatness of His power to us who believe. These are in accordance with the working of His mighty strength,</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And Joshua said, Hereby you shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Jebusites.</p><p class="hdg">Hereby ye</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/numbers/15-28.htm">Numbers 15:28-30</a></b></br> And the priest shall make an atonement for the soul that sinneth ignorantly, when he sinneth by ignorance before the LORD, to make an atonement for him; and it shall be forgiven him&#8230; </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/1_kings/18-36.htm">1 Kings 18:36,37</a></b></br> And it came to pass at <i>the time of</i> the offering of the <i>evening</i> sacrifice, that Elijah the prophet came near, and said, LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, let it be known this day that thou <i>art</i> God in Israel, and <i>that</i> I <i>am</i> thy servant, and <i>that</i> I have done all these things at thy word&#8230; </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/1_kings/22-28.htm">1 Kings 22:28</a></b></br> And Micaiah said, If thou return at all in peace, the LORD hath not spoken by me. And he said, Hearken, O people, every one of you.</p><p class="hdg">living</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/deuteronomy/5-26.htm">Deuteronomy 5:26</a></b></br> For who <i>is there of</i> all flesh, that hath heard the voice of the living God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as we <i>have</i>, and lived?</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/1_samuel/17-26.htm">1 Samuel 17:26</a></b></br> And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying, What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the reproach from Israel? for who <i>is</i> this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/2_kings/19-4.htm">2 Kings 19:4</a></b></br> It may be the LORD thy God will hear all the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of Assyria his master hath sent to reproach the living God; and will reprove the words which the LORD thy God hath heard: wherefore lift up <i>thy</i> prayer for the remnant that are left.</p><p class="hdg">among</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/joshua/22-31.htm">Joshua 22:31</a></b></br> And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh, This day we perceive that the LORD <i>is</i> among us, because ye have not committed this trespass against the LORD: now ye have delivered the children of Israel out of the hand of the LORD.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/17-7.htm">Exodus 17:7</a></b></br> And he called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because of the chiding of the children of Israel, and because they tempted the LORD, saying, Is the LORD among us, or not?</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/deuteronomy/31-17.htm">Deuteronomy 31:17</a></b></br> Then my anger shall be kindled against them in that day, and I will forsake them, and I will hide my face from them, and they shall be devoured, and many evils and troubles shall befall them; so that they will say in that day, Are not these evils come upon us, because our God <i>is</i> not among us?</p><p class="hdg">drive out from</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/joshua/21-45.htm">Joshua 21:45</a></b></br> There failed not ought of any good thing which the LORD had spoken unto the house of Israel; all came to pass.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/genesis/15-15.htm">Genesis 15:15-15</a></b></br> And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age&#8230; </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/3-8.htm">Exodus 3:8</a></b></br> And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/deuteronomy/31-4.htm">Amorite</a> <a href="/joshua/2-10.htm">Amorites</a> <a href="/exodus/3-7.htm">Assuredly</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/20-17.htm">Canaanite</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/20-17.htm">Canaanites</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/31-3.htm">Dispossess</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/33-27.htm">Drive</a> <a href="/numbers/16-28.htm">Hereby</a> <a href="/joshua/1-4.htm">Hittite</a> <a href="/joshua/1-4.htm">Hittites</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/20-17.htm">Hivite</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/20-17.htm">Hivites</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/20-17.htm">Jebusite</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/20-17.htm">Jebusites</a> <a href="/joshua/3-9.htm">Joshua</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/20-17.htm">Perizzite</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/20-17.htm">Perizzites</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/20-17.htm">Per'izzites</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/joshua/9-1.htm">Amorite</a> <a href="/joshua/5-1.htm">Amorites</a> <a href="/1_samuel/28-1.htm">Assuredly</a> <a href="/joshua/7-9.htm">Canaanite</a> <a href="/joshua/5-1.htm">Canaanites</a> <a href="/joshua/13-6.htm">Dispossess</a> <a href="/joshua/13-6.htm">Drive</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/4-4.htm">Hereby</a> <a href="/joshua/9-1.htm">Hittite</a> <a href="/joshua/11-3.htm">Hittites</a> <a href="/joshua/9-1.htm">Hivite</a> <a href="/joshua/9-7.htm">Hivites</a> <a href="/joshua/9-1.htm">Jebusite</a> <a href="/joshua/11-3.htm">Jebusites</a> <a href="/joshua/4-1.htm">Joshua</a> <a href="/joshua/9-1.htm">Perizzite</a> <a href="/joshua/11-3.htm">Perizzites</a> <a href="/joshua/11-3.htm">Per'izzites</a><div class="vheading2">Joshua 3</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/joshua/3-1.htm">Joshua come to Jordan</a></span><br><span class="reftext">2. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/joshua/3-2.htm">The officers instruct the people for their passage</a></span><br><span class="reftext">7. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/joshua/3-7.htm">The Lord encourages Joshua</a></span><br><span class="reftext">9. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/joshua/3-9.htm">Joshua encourages the people</a></span><br><span class="reftext">14. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/joshua/3-14.htm">The water of Jordan are divided</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; 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It suggests a moment of leadership and guidance, emphasizing the importance of what follows.<p><b>&#8220;This is how you will know that the living God is among you</b><br>The term "living God" contrasts with the lifeless idols worshiped by other nations. It underscores God's active presence and power. This assurance is crucial for the Israelites as they face the daunting task of entering the Promised Land. The phrase echoes <a href="/deuteronomy/5-26.htm">Deuteronomy 5:26</a>, where the living God is associated with His mighty acts and presence among His people.<p><b>and that He will surely drive out before you</b><br>This promise of divine intervention reassures the Israelites of victory. It reflects God's covenant faithfulness, as He had promised Abraham the land of Canaan (<a href="/genesis/15-18.htm">Genesis 15:18-21</a>). The certainty of "surely" emphasizes God's commitment to His promises.<p><b>the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.</b><br>These groups represent the inhabitants of Canaan, each with distinct cultures and territories. Archaeological findings confirm their existence and provide insights into their societies. The mention of these specific nations highlights the comprehensive nature of God's promise to give Israel the land. The conquest of these peoples fulfills God's promise and serves as a type of Christ's ultimate victory over sin and death, as seen in <a href="/colossians/2-15.htm">Colossians 2:15</a>, where Christ disarms spiritual powers.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/j/joshua.htm">Joshua</a></b><br>The leader of the Israelites after Moses, tasked with leading them into the Promised Land.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_living_god.htm">The Living God</a></b><br>Refers to Yahweh, emphasizing His active presence and power among His people.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_canaanites,_hittites,_hivites,_perizzites,_girgashites,_amorites,_and_jebusites.htm">The Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites</a></b><br>The seven nations inhabiting the Promised Land, representing obstacles to Israel's inheritance.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_promised_land.htm">The Promised Land</a></b><br>The land of Canaan, promised by God to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_jordan_river.htm">The Jordan River</a></b><br>The river the Israelites must cross to enter the Promised Land, symbolizing a barrier to their divine inheritance.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_active_presence.htm">God's Active Presence</a></b><br>The term "living God" underscores that God is not distant or inactive but is dynamically involved in the lives of His people. Believers today can trust in God's active presence in their lives, guiding and empowering them.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/a/assurance_of_victory.htm">Assurance of Victory</a></b><br>Just as God assured Israel of victory over formidable nations, Christians can be confident in overcoming spiritual battles through faith in God's promises.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/f/faith_and_obedience.htm">Faith and Obedience</a></b><br>The Israelites' success depended on their faith and obedience to God's commands. Similarly, believers are called to trust and obey God, even when facing daunting challenges.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_faithfulness_to_his_promises.htm">God's Faithfulness to His Promises</a></b><br>The fulfillment of God's promise to drive out the nations before Israel is a testament to His faithfulness. Christians can rely on God's promises, knowing He is faithful to fulfill them.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/s/spiritual_inheritance.htm">Spiritual Inheritance</a></b><br>The Promised Land symbolizes the spiritual inheritance believers have in Christ. Christians are encouraged to pursue their spiritual inheritance with the same determination and faith as the Israelites.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_joshua_3.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Joshua 3</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/define_apostolic_action..htm">What is Jericho's significance in the Bible?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/where's_evidence_for_deut._7_1_nations'_end.htm">Where is the historical or archeological evidence supporting the annihilation of the seven nations mentioned in Deuteronomy 7:1? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/who_were_the_girgashites_in_the_bible.htm">Who were the Girgashites in the Bible?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/who_are_the_canaanites.htm">What is the identity of the Canaanites?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/joshua/3.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 10.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">That the living God.</span> Rather, perhaps, that a living God, <span class="accented">i.e.</span>, that you have not with you some idol of wood or stone, or some deified hero, long since passed out of your reach, but a living, working, ever present God, who shows by His acts that your faith in Him is not vain. The phrase is a very common one as applied to God in the Old Testament. In the New, Christ is frequently referred to as the source of life. <span class="cmt_word">Is among you.</span> The original is stronger, <span class="accented">in the midst of you. <span class="cmt_word"></span>The Canaanites.</span> The descendants of Canaan, the son of Ham (<a href="/genesis/9-18.htm">Genesis 9:18</a>). The word which signifies "low" is by some supposed to signify the same as lowlanders, because the Canaanites inhabited the less mountainous portions of Palestine, by the sea (<a href="/numbers/13-29.htm">Numbers 13:29</a>; <a href="/joshua/5-1.htm">Joshua 5:1</a>), and by the side of Jordan (<a href="/numbers/13-29.htm">Numbers 13:29</a>). According to Ewald, their territory extended along the west bank of the Jordan as far as the Mediterranean Sea. Canaan has also been held to signify <span class="accented">bowed down, depressed</span> (see <a href="/genesis/9-25.htm">Genesis 9:25</a>). But St. Augustine, in his exposition of the Epistle to the Romans (sec. 13), says that the country folk of the neighbourhood of Carthage, a Phoenician colony, as the name <span class="accented">Punic</span> implies, called themselves <span class="accented">Canani</span>, which they would hardly have done were the name a badge of servitude. Whether we are to attach much importance to this statement or <span class="accented">not</span>, it is certainly a <span class="accented">remarkable</span> coincidence. The story told by Procopius ('DeBello Vandalico, 2:10; see also Suidas, <span class="accented">s.v.</span> <span class="greek">&#x3c7;&#x1f71;&#x3bd;&#x3b1;&#x3b1;&#x3bd;</span>) of two pillars of white stone near Tangier, with the inscription in Phoenician, "We are those who fled from the face of the robber Joshua, the son of Nun," is obviously not to be depended upon. Even if the inscription existed it was not likely to be of ancient date And as Kenrick remarks ('Phoenicia,' p. 67), those who erected the pillars were not likely <p><span class="note_emph">(1)</span> to represent themselves as fugitives, and <p><span class="note_emph">(2)</span> to speak of Joshua as the "son of Nun." <p>He further remarks that, while the oldest genuine Phoenician inscription is not more than four hundred years before Christ, this, if genuine, must have been erected nearly a thousand years earlier still; and he further observes on the impossibility of its having been deciphered by the scholars of Justinian's day. The stow, no doubt, had its origin in the Rabbinical tradition, mentioned by Jarchi in his Commentary, as well as by Kimchi, that Joshua grote three letters to the Canaanites before invading Palestine: the first inviting them to make peace; the second, on their refusal, proclaiming war; the third, to those who feared the wrath of Jehovah, warning them to depart <span class="accented">to Africa -</span> advice which, Jarchi adds, was actually taken by a great many. Concerning these seven nations more will be found in the Introduction (see also <a href="/genesis/10-15.htm">Genesis 10:15-18</a>; <a href="/genesis/15-19.htm">Genesis 15:19-21</a>; <a href="/exodus/3-8.htm">Exodus 3:8, 17</a>, dec.). That a Hebrew signification is found for Phoenician words need not surprise us. The descendants of Ham, when "dwelling in the tents of Shem," might have formed for themselves a similar language. But that the Aramaic, which was spoken throughout Syria and Palestine, was closely similar to the Hebrew, we have overwhelming evidence. Not only is there clear proof that Abraham and the Canaanites spoke the same language, not only are all the ancient names of places and persons of Hebrew origin, but even the Carthaginian language is <span class="accented">pronounced by</span> Jerome, a competent judge, to be cognate to the Hebrew (see Havernick, Introduction, see. 21). <span class="cmt_word">The Hittites.</span> The Hittites (Hebrew, Chittim) were out of all proportion the principal tribe in Palestine at this time, as we have already seen (<a href="/joshua/1-4.htm">Joshua 1:4</a>). They were the descendants of Heth or Chet (<a href="/genesis/10-15.htm">Genesis 10:15</a>), who dwelt in the neighbourhood of Hebron in the days of Abraham (<a href="/genesis/23-19.htm">Genesis 23:19</a>; <a href="/genesis/25-9.htm">Genesis 25:9</a>). At that time they do not appear to have attained the importance which they afterwards reached (<a href="/genesis/12-6.htm">Genesis 12:6</a>; <a href="/genesis/13-7.htm">Genesis 13:7</a>; <a href="/genesis/34-30.htm">Genesis 34:30</a>), though this is perhaps not altogether a safe inference (cf. <a href="/judges/1-4.htm">Judges 1:4, 5</a>). For the mention of the Canaanites in <a href="/genesis/12-6.htm">Genesis 12:6</a> <span class="accented">without</span> the Perizzite might lead to a similar inference with regard to the relative importance of these two tribes, whereas in the other two passages they appear on a level. Be this as it may, we find the Hittites occupying a prominent position in Canaan at this time, not only in the Book of Joshua, but on the Egyptian monuments, "Before the exodus the Kheta had become the terrible rivals of Egypt, and had mingled their genealogy with that of the renowned Pharaohs of the nineteeth dynasty" (Tomkins's 'Studies on the Times of Abraham,' p. 89). It is worthy of remark, however, that on the Egyptian monuments their leaders are spoken of as chieftains (see note on ch. 9:3, and 'Records of the Past,' 2:67-78). In later times they had attained to regal government (<a href="/1_kings/10-29.htm">1 Kings 10:29</a>; <a href="/2_kings/7-6.htm">2 Kings 7:6</a>; <a href="/2_chronicles/1-17.htm">2 Chronicles 1:17</a>). It is, however, possible that the proud monarch of Egypt would not admit the petty kings of the Hittites to an equality with himself (see also note on Joshua 1:4). Moses connects the Chittim (<a href="/numbers/24-24.htm">Numbers 24:24</a>; <a href="/isaiah/23-1.htm">Isaiah 23:1</a>; <a href="/ezekiel/27-6.htm">Ezekiel 27:6</a>), or the inhabitants of Cyprus, with the Hittites. Since these words were written an able article appeared in <span class="accented">The Times</span> of Jan. 23rd, 1880, on the Hittite Empire. Carchemish, on the Euphrates, and Kadesh, or the Holy City, on the Orontes, appear to have been the chief centres of the Hittite power. They were "powerful enough to threaten Assyria on the one hand and Egypt on the other, and to carry the arts and culture of the Euphrates to the Euxine and AEgean seas." Professor F. W. Newman, finding no mention of their existence in profane histories, came to the usual conclusion of his school, that where the Bible mentioned persons or nations and profane history did not, it was quite clear that such persons or nations never existed. The cases of Sargon and the Hittites may perhaps induce critics of this school to be a little less hasty henceforth in dismissing the statements of Scripture. The site of ancient Carchemish has lately been discovered on the western bank of the Euphrates. <span class="cmt_word">The Hivites,</span> or rather <span class="accented">Hivrites.</span> The name of this tribe is not found in the first enumeration of the nations of Canaan (<a href="/genesis/15-19.htm">Genesis 15:19-21</a>), but we find the name in the list of Canaan's descendants in <a href="/genesis/10-17.htm">Genesis 10:17</a> and <a href="/1_chronicles/1-15.htm">1 Chronicles 1:15</a>. Shechem, the prince of the city of that name, was a Hivite (<a href="/genesis/34-2.htm">Genesis 34:2</a>), though some copies of the LXX. read Horite for Hivite without authority. The Hivites then (<a href="/genesis/34-10.htm">Genesis 34:10-21</a>) seem, as afterwards in the case of the Gibeonites, to have been a peaceful, commercial race. The character of the Shechemites afterwards seems to have been unwarlike. At least they were neither very spirited nor successful in their military enterprises, as the narrative in <a href="/judges/9.htm">Judges 9</a>. shows. The voluptuous beauty of the place, testified to by so many modern travellers, such as Robinson, Vandevelde, etc., falls in well with the character of the inhabitants. A colony of Hivites seem to have dwelt in the north, in the highlands beneath Mount Hermon, a country to which the name of Mizpeh, or <span class="accented">watchtower</span>, seems to have been given, no doubt from its elevation. This must not, however, be confounded with Mizpeh in the land of Benjamin (see <a href="/joshua/11-3.htm">Joshua 11:3</a>). In <a href="/2_samuel/24-7.htm">2 Samuel 24:7</a> they appear to have been found in the neighbourhood of Tyre, though this is by no means clear. The derivation of the word is uncertain. Ewald would explain it "midlander;" Gesenius explains it by "village," from <span class="hebrew">&#x5d4;&#x5b8;&#x5d5;&#x5b8;&#x5d4;</span> to live, breathe. That <span class="hebrew">&#x5d7;&#x5b7;&#x5d5;&#x5bc;&#x5b8;&#x5d4;</span> signifies a town or village we may learn from <a href="/numbers/32-41.htm">Numbers 32:41</a>, <a href="/deuteronomy/3-14.htm">Deuteronomy 3:14</a>, <a href="/joshua/13-30.htm">Joshua 13:30</a>, <a href="/judges/10-4.htm">Judges 10:4</a>, I Kings 4:13. The mention of their city so early as the time of Jacob, the description given of their character in that narrative, and the characteristic astuteness of the Gibeonites as well as their unwarlike conduct, would lead to the conclusion that they dwelt in settled habitations, not nomadic encampments, and that they gained their living chiefly by commerce. We ought not to quit the subject without the remark that all we learn from Scripture concerning the Hivites is remarkably consistent, and bears testimony to the scrupulous accuracy of the writers. <span class="cmt_word">The Perizzites.</span> The word Perizzite signifies countryman, as distinguished from the dwellers in houses. Thus the word signifies "unwalled," or "open," in <a href="/deuteronomy/3-5.htm">Deuteronomy 3:5</a>, <a href="/1_samuel/6-18.htm">1 Samuel 6:18</a>, and in the Keri of <a href="/esther/9-19.htm">Esther 9:19</a>. Perhaps the reason of the omission of their name in <a href="/genesis/10.htm">Genesis 10</a>. and <a href="/1_chronicles/1.htm">1 Chronicles 1</a>. may justify the supposition that they were of no particular tribe, but were a collection of men from every tribe engaged in agricultural pursuits. Redslob (see art. in 'Dictionary of the Bible ') suggests that the Hawoth (<a href="/joshua/13-30.htm">Joshua 13:30</a>) were pastoral, the Perazoth agricultural villages. This is to a certain extent borne out by the fact that Hawoth signifies "living places," and Perazoth" places spread out," as well as by the fact that the trans-Jordanic tribes were specially pastoral in their habits. Passages such as <a href="/2_samuel/5-20.htm">2 Samuel 5:20</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/6-8.htm">2 Samuel 6:8</a>; <a href="/1_chronicles/14-11.htm">1 Chronicles 14:11</a>; <a href="/isaiah/28-21.htm">Isaiah 28:21</a> are cited as illustrative of this word, but erroneously, for in the Hebrew the letter is Tzade, and not Zain, as here. Ritter regards the word as analogous to Pharisee, from <span class="accented">pharash</span>, to separate, and regards them as nomad tribes. But the authority of Ewald and Gesenius must outweigh his. <span class="cmt_word">The Girgashites.</span> They are not mentioned in Scripture, save in <a href="/joshua/24-11.htm">Joshua 24:11</a>, <a href="/genesis/15-21.htm">Genesis 15:21</a>, <a href="/deuteronomy/7-1.htm">Deuteronomy 7:1</a>. They were therefore no doubt a small tribe, in. habiting, it has been supposed, the country of Gergesa or Gerasa (as some editions read in <a href="/matthew/8-28.htm">Matthew 8:28</a>) upon the lake of Genne-sareth. But this was on the other side of Jordan. If therefore there be any connection between Gergesa or Gerasa and the Girgashites, there must have been a small settlement of them on the eastern side of the lake of Gennesareth. <span class="cmt_word">The Amorites.</span> These were the most powerful of the Canaanitish peoples (see <a href="/amos/2-9.htm">Amos 2:9</a>). They not only inhabited the mountains (<a href="/numbers/13-29.htm">Numbers 13:29</a>; <a href="/joshua/11-3.htm">Joshua 11:3</a>), but crossed the Jordan and wrested the country from Arnon to Jabbok out of the hands of the Moabites (<a href="/numbers/21-13.htm">Numbers 21:13, 24, 26</a>), and dwelt there until dispossessed by Moses. In <a href="/genesis/14-9.htm">Genesis 14:9</a> we find them west of Jordan, near Engedi, on the shores of the Dead Sea. Thence crossing Jordan they seem to have spread eastward. They are found in the Shephelah, on the borders of Dan (<a href="/judges/1-34.htm">Judges 1:34</a>), and even in the mountain district near Ajalon. But (ver. 35) they seem to have been driven out of Judah, and to have occupied a small portion of the Arabah south of the Dead Sea (cf. <a href="/joshua/15-3.htm">Joshua 15:3</a>). Ewald, as well as Gesenius, regards the word Amorite as signifying highlander, and he quotes <a href="/isaiah/17-9.htm">Isaiah 17:9</a>, where Amir signifies the highest part of anything, as of a tree. So the Syriac Amori signifies a hero, and the Arabic Emir signifies a ruler. With this we may compare the term Ameer of Afghanistan, no doubt derived from a similar root. See also <a href="/isaiah/17-6.htm">Isaiah 17:6</a>, and the Hithpahel of <span class="hebrew">&#x5d0;&#x5de;&#x5e8;</span> in <a href="/psalms/94-4.htm">Psalm 94:4</a>, with the meaning to exalt one's self. Shechem, though a Hivite settlement, is spoken of by Jacob (<a href="/genesis/48-22.htm">Genesis 48:22</a>) as an Amorite city, and in <a href="/joshua/10-6.htm">Joshua 10:6</a> the sovereigns of Jerusalem and the neighbour cities are spoken of as Amorite monarchs. This would suggest that the words applied to the inhabitants were to a great extent convertible terms, just as we apply the term Celt, Gael, Highlander indiscriminately to the inhabitants of the north of Scotland, Dutchman and Hollander to the inhabitants of Holland, and as Scotus and Erigena were both applied to Irishmen up to the 10th century. <span class="cmt_word">The Jebusites</span> were in possession of the central highlands around Jerusalem, their stronghold. They retained possession of this until David dislodged them (<a href="/2_samuel/5-6.htm">2 Samuel 5:6-8</a>. See note on Joshua 10:1). <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/joshua/3-10.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">He</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1497;&#1456;&#1492;&#1493;&#1465;&#1513;&#1473;&#1467;&#1428;&#1506;&#1463;</span> <span class="translit">(y&#601;&#183;h&#333;&#183;w&#333;&#183;&#353;u&#183;a&#8216;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3091.htm">Strong's 3091: </a> </span><span class="str2">Joshua -- 'the LORD is salvation', Moses' successor, also the name of a number of Israelites</span><br /><br /><span class="word">continued,</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1493;&#1463;&#1497;&#1468;&#1465;&#1443;&#1488;&#1502;&#1462;&#1512;</span> <span class="translit">(way&#183;y&#333;&#183;mer)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw &#124; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_559.htm">Strong's 559: </a> </span><span class="str2">To utter, say</span><br /><br /><span class="word">&#8220;This is how</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1489;&#1468;&#1456;&#1494;&#1465;&#1488;&#1514;&#1433;</span> <span class="translit">(b&#601;&#183;z&#333;&#7791;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-b &#124; Pronoun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2063.htm">Strong's 2063: </a> </span><span class="str2">Hereby in it, likewise, the one other, same, she, so much, such deed, that, </span><br /><br /><span class="word">you will know</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1514;&#1468;&#1461;&#1469;&#1491;&#1456;&#1506;&#1428;&#1493;&#1468;&#1503;</span> <span class="translit">(t&#234;&#183;&#7695;&#601;&#183;&#8216;&#363;n)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural &#124; Paragogic nun<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3045.htm">Strong's 3045: </a> </span><span class="str2">To know</span><br /><br /><span class="word">that</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1499;&#1468;&#1460;&#1435;&#1497;</span> <span class="translit">(k&#238;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunction<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> </span><span class="str2">A relative conjunction</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the living</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1495;&#1463;&#1430;&#1497;</span> <span class="translit">(&#7717;ay)</span><br /><span class="parse">Adjective - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2416.htm">Strong's 2416: </a> </span><span class="str2">Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life</span><br /><br /><span class="word">God [is]</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1488;&#1461;&#1445;&#1500;</span> <span class="translit">(&#8217;&#234;l)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_410.htm">Strong's 410: </a> </span><span class="str2">Strength -- as adjective, mighty, the Almighty</span><br /><br /><span class="word">among you</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1489;&#1468;&#1456;&#1511;&#1460;&#1512;&#1456;&#1489;&#1468;&#1456;&#1499;&#1462;&#1425;&#1501;</span> <span class="translit">(b&#601;&#183;qir&#183;b&#601;&#183;&#7733;em)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-b &#124; Noun - masculine singular construct &#124; second person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7130.htm">Strong's 7130: </a> </span><span class="str2">The nearest part, the center</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and that He will surely drive out</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1493;&#1456;&#1492;&#1493;&#1465;&#1512;&#1461;&#1443;&#1513;&#1473;</span> <span class="translit">(w&#601;&#183;h&#333;&#183;w&#183;r&#234;&#353;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw &#124; Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3423.htm">Strong's 3423: </a> </span><span class="str2">To occupy, to seize, to rob, to inherit, to expel, to impoverish, to ruin</span><br /><br /><span class="word">before you</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1502;&#1460;&#1440;&#1508;&#1468;&#1456;&#1504;&#1461;&#1497;&#1499;&#1462;&#1501;</span> <span class="translit">(mip&#183;p&#601;&#183;n&#234;&#183;&#7733;em)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-m &#124; Noun - masculine plural construct &#124; second person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6440.htm">Strong's 6440: </a> </span><span class="str2">The face</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the Canaanites,</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1492;&#1463;&#1499;&#1468;&#1456;&#1504;&#1463;&#1506;&#1458;&#1504;&#1460;&#1448;&#1497;</span> <span class="translit">(hak&#183;k&#601;&#183;na&#183;&#8216;a&#774;&#183;n&#238;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article &#124; Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3669.htm">Strong's 3669: </a> </span><span class="str2">Canaanite -- inhabitant of Canaan</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Hittites,</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1492;&#1463;&#1495;&#1460;&#1514;&#1468;&#1460;&#1436;&#1497;</span> <span class="translit">(ha&#183;&#7717;it&#183;t&#238;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article &#124; Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2850.htm">Strong's 2850: </a> </span><span class="str2">Hittite -- a Chittite</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Hivites,</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1492;&#1463;&#1495;&#1460;&#1493;&#1468;&#1460;&#1431;&#1497;</span> <span class="translit">(ha&#183;&#7717;iw&#183;w&#238;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article &#124; Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2340.htm">Strong's 2340: </a> </span><span class="str2">Hivite -- a Chivvite</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Perizzites,</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1492;&#1463;&#1508;&#1468;&#1456;&#1512;&#1460;&#1494;&#1468;&#1460;&#1497;&#1433;</span> <span class="translit">(hap&#183;p&#601;&#183;riz&#183;z&#238;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article &#124; Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6522.htm">Strong's 6522: </a> </span><span class="str2">Perizzite -- a people in the land of Canaan</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Girgashites,</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1492;&#1463;&#1490;&#1468;&#1460;&#1512;&#1456;&#1490;&#1468;&#1464;&#1513;&#1473;&#1460;&#1428;&#1497;</span> <span class="translit">(hag&#183;gir&#183;g&#257;&#183;&#353;&#238;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article &#124; Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1622.htm">Strong's 1622: </a> </span><span class="str2">Girgashite -- a native tribe of Canaan</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Amorites,</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1493;&#1456;&#1492;&#1464;&#1488;&#1457;&#1502;&#1465;&#1512;&#1460;&#1430;&#1497;</span> <span class="translit">(w&#601;&#183;h&#257;&#183;&#8217;&#277;&#183;m&#333;&#183;r&#238;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw, Article &#124; Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_567.htm">Strong's 567: </a> </span><span class="str2">Amorites -- perhaps 'mountain dwellers', a Canaanite tribe</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and Jebusites.</span><br /><span class="heb">&#1493;&#1456;&#1492;&#1463;&#1497;&#1456;&#1489;&#1493;&#1468;&#1505;&#1460;&#1469;&#1497;&#1475;</span> <span class="translit">(w&#601;&#183;hay&#183;&#7687;&#363;&#183;s&#238;)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw, Article &#124; Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2983.htm">Strong's 2983: </a> </span><span class="str2">Jebusite -- inhabitant of Jebus</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/joshua/3-10.htm">OT History: Joshua 3:10 Joshua said Hereby you shall know that (Josh. 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