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Plateau continental (droit) — Wikipédia

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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Plateau_continental" title="Plateau continental">Plateau continental</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css general" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour un article plus général, voir <a href="/wiki/Droit_de_la_mer" title="Droit de la mer">Droit de la mer</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Zonmar-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Zonmar-fr.svg/300px-Zonmar-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="447" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Zonmar-fr.svg/450px-Zonmar-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Zonmar-fr.svg/600px-Zonmar-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>Les zones maritimes du droit international de la mer. (Vue en plan)</figcaption></figure> <p>Dans cette zone, définie par l'article 76 de la <a href="/wiki/Convention_des_Nations_unies_sur_le_droit_de_la_mer" title="Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer">Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer</a> signée en 1982 à <a href="/wiki/Montego_Bay" title="Montego Bay">Montego Bay</a>, les États côtiers disposent de droits souverains sur l'exploitation des ressources du sol et du sous-sol des fonds marins (notamment sur les ressources en <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbure" title="Hydrocarbure">hydrocarbures</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Définition_juridique"><span id="D.C3.A9finition_juridique"></span>Définition juridique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Définition juridique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Définition juridique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formulé pour la première fois sur le plan juridique, avec la déclaration d'<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (président des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> en 1945), le plateau continental a connu une modification profonde avec la <a href="/wiki/Convention_de_Montego_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention de Montego Bay">Convention de Montego Bay</a> de 1982. Il est défini comme: «&#160;le lit de la mer et le sous-sol des régions sous-marines adjacentes au côtes&#160;». En d'autres termes, le plateau continental d'un État côtier comprend les fonds marins et leur sous-sol qui sont le prolongement naturel de l'espace terrestre dont les limites extérieures sont constituées par le rebord externe de la <a href="/wiki/Marge_continentale" title="Marge continentale">marge continentale</a> ou bien jusqu'à 200,00&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="milles marins"><a href="/wiki/Mille_marin" title="Mille marin">milles marins</a></abbr> des <a href="/wiki/Ligne_de_base" title="Ligne de base">lignes de base</a>, lorsque ce rebord externe se trouve à une distance inférieure. Sa limite coïncide alors avec celle de l'extension maximale de la <a href="/wiki/Zone_%C3%A9conomique_exclusive" title="Zone économique exclusive">zone économique exclusive</a> (ZEE), zone dans laquelle l'État côtier dispose du droit d'exploiter toutes les ressources économiques, dans les eaux, sur les fonds et dans le sous-sol. Comme la ZEE, sa limite peut toutefois se situer à moins de 200&#160;milles dans le cas où les côtes de deux États sont adjacentes ou se font face&#160;: une <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9limitation_maritime" title="Délimitation maritime">délimitation maritime</a> est alors nécessaire pour définir les zones sous la juridiction de chaque État côtier. </p><p>Lorsque la marge continentale s'étend au-delà de 200&#160;milles, les États peuvent prétendre exercer leur juridiction soit jusqu'à 350&#160;milles marins des lignes de base, soit jusqu'à 100&#160;milles de l'<a href="/wiki/Isobathe" title="Isobathe">isobathe</a> 2&#160;500&#160;mètres, en fonction de certains critères géologiques. En contrepartie, l'État côtier doit contribuer à un système de partage des revenus tirés de l'exploitation des ressources minérales au-delà de la limite des 200&#160;milles, géré par l'<a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_internationale_des_fonds_marins" title="Autorité internationale des fonds marins">Autorité internationale des fonds marins</a>. </p><p>Pour prétendre à cette extension, l'État côtier doit constituer un dossier technique et juridique qui doit être déposé avant le mois de <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-05" data-sort-value="2009-05">mai 2009</time> devant la <a href="/wiki/Commission_des_limites_du_plateau_continental" title="Commission des limites du plateau continental">Commission des limites du plateau continental</a> (une trentaine de pays sont dans ce cas de figure, dont la France, notamment au titre de ses <a href="/wiki/Territoire_d%27outre-mer_(France)" title="Territoire d&#39;outre-mer (France)">territoires d'outre-mer</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="En_France">En France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : En France" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : En France"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Une loi du <time class="nowrap" datetime="1968-12-30" data-sort-value="1968-12-30">30 décembre 1968</time> encadrait les possibilités d'exploration du plateau continental et d'exploitation de ses <a href="/wiki/Ressources_naturelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ressources naturelles">ressources naturelles</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle est désormais remplacée par l'ordonnance <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;2016-1687 du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-12-08" data-sort-value="2016-12-08">8 décembre 2016</time><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ographie" title="Géographie">Géographie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9omorphologie" title="Géomorphologie">Géomorphologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droit_de_la_mer" title="Droit de la mer">Droit de la mer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm">Commission des limites du plateau continental</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.extraplac.fr">Programme français EXTRAPLAC d'extension du plateau continental juridique</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isa.org.jm/fr/default.htm">Site de l'Autorité Internationale des Fonds Marins</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Conseil économique, social et environnemental (CESE) français&#160;; Rapport <i>L’extension du plateau continental au-delà des 200 milles marins&#160;: un atout pour la France</i>, publié le 09/10/2013, adopté le&#160;: 09/10/2013, traitée par&#160;: Délégation à l'Outre-mer&#160;; Rapporteur/Intervention&#160;: Gérard Grignon Groupe de l'Outre-mer Mandature&#160;: 2010-2015 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lecese.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/Avis/2013/2013_22_plateau_continental.pdf">avis</a>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lecese.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/Rapports/2013/2013_22_plateau_continental.pdf">rapport</a> et <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lecese.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/Fiches/2013/FI22_plateau_continental.pdf">synthèse</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_continental_(droit)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">loi <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160; 68-1181 du 30 décembre 1968 relative à l'exploration du plateau continental et à l'exploitation de ses ressources naturelles</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="legifrance" style="font-size:100%"><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo=DEVT1624716R">Ordonnance du 8 décembre 2016 relative aux espaces maritimes relevant de la souveraineté ou de la juridiction de la République française</a></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style="background:#E5ECFF ; color:#000000"> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#8098ff ; color:#F0F0FF"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Zones_maritimes" title="Modèle:Palette Zones maritimes"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Zones_maritimes&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Zones maritimes en <a href="/wiki/Convention_des_Nations_unies_sur_le_droit_de_la_mer" title="Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer">droit de la mer</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;;" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ligne_de_base" title="Ligne de base">Ligne de base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaux_int%C3%A9rieures" title="Eaux intérieures">Eaux intérieures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaux_territoriales" title="Eaux territoriales">Eaux territoriales</a> (mer territoriale)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_contigu%C3%AB" title="Zone contiguë">Zone contiguë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_%C3%A9conomique_exclusive" title="Zone économique exclusive">Zone économique exclusive</a> (ZEE)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plateau continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_mer" title="Haute mer">Haute mer</a> (eaux internationales)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Maritime" title="Portail du monde maritime"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Circle-icons-anchor.svg/24px-Circle-icons-anchor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Circle-icons-anchor.svg/36px-Circle-icons-anchor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Circle-icons-anchor.svg/48px-Circle-icons-anchor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Maritime" title="Portail:Maritime">Portail du monde maritime</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Droit" title="Portail du droit"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/27px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/40px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/53px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Droit" title="Portail:Droit">Portail du droit</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5d5b5d56db‐k9w5s Cached time: 20241128090828 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.156 seconds Real time usage: 0.232 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 880/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18112/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1833/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1255/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.069/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3655489/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 195.803 1 -total 30.82% 60.350 1 Modèle:Portail 16.14% 31.606 3 Modèle:Fr 15.58% 30.513 1 Modèle:Voir_homonymes 15.18% 29.725 1 Modèle:Indication_de_langue 14.82% 29.020 1 Modèle:Méta_bandeau_de_note 14.79% 28.963 2 Modèle:Méta_bandeau 12.70% 24.858 1 Modèle:Suivi_des_biographies 12.18% 23.849 1 Modèle:Catégorisation_badges 9.34% 18.281 1 Modèle:Palette --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiki:pcache:idhash:1302874-0!canonical and timestamp 20241128090828 and revision id 211152126. 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