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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">каптал тилкесине жылдыруу</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">жашыруу</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башына кайтуу</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Табигый_мутация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Табигый_мутация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Табигый мутация</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Табигый_мутация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Жасалма_мутация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Жасалма_мутация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Жасалма мутация</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Жасалма_мутация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Мутациянын_бөлүнүшү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Мутациянын_бөлүнүшү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Мутациянын бөлүнүшү</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Мутациянын_бөлүнүшү-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Мутациянын бөлүнүшү бөлүмчөсүн көрсөтүү/жашыруу</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Мутациянын_бөлүнүшү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Гендик_мутация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гендик_мутация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Гендик мутация</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гендик_мутация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хромосомалык_мутация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хромосомалык_мутация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Хромосомалык мутация</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хромосомалык_мутация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Геномдук_мутация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Геномдук_мутация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Геномдук мутация</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Геномдук_мутация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Алдын_алуу" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Алдын_алуу"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Алдын алуу</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Алдын_алуу-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Түрлөрү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Түрлөрү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Түрлөрү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Түрлөрү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Колдонулган_адабият" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Колдонулган_адабият"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Колдонулган адабият</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Колдонулган_адабият-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмуну" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмунду жашыруу/көрсөтүү" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмунду жашыруу/көрсөтүү</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Мутация</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Башка тилдеги макалага өтүү. 90 тилде жеткиликтүү" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 тил</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasie" title="Mutasie – африкаанча" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mutasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="طفرة (أحياء) – арабча" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طفرة (أحياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutaci%C3%B3n" title="Mutación – астурийче" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mutación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasiya" title="Mutasiya – азербайжанча" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mutasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайжанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Мутацыя – беларусча" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мутацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Мутацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мутацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мутация – болгарча" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мутация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="পরিব্যক্তি – бангладешче" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরিব্যক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бангладешче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija – боснийче" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mutacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutaci%C3%B3" title="Mutació – каталончо" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mutació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بازدان – борбордук курдча" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بازدان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="борбордук курдча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutace" title="Mutace – чехче" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mutace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation – датча" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mutation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation – немисче" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mutation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mutasyon" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B7" title="Μετάλλαξη – грекче" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μετάλλαξη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грекче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation – англисче" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mutation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutacio" title="Mutacio – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mutacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutaci%C3%B3n" title="Mutación – испанча" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mutación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutatsioon" title="Mutatsioon – эстончо" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mutatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutazio" title="Mutazio – баскча" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mutazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B4" title="جهش – фарсча" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جهش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutaatio" title="Mutaatio – финче" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mutaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Mutation génétique – французча" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mutation génétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutatsion" title="Mutatsion – түндүк фризче (евразиялык тилдер)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mutatsion" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="түндүк фризче (евразиялык тилдер)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3ch%C3%A1n" title="Sóchán – ирландча" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sóchán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutaci%C3%B3n" title="Mutación – галисияча" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mutación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисияча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="מוטציה – ивритче" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוטציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ивритче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8" title="उत्परिवर्तन – хиндиче" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्परिवर्तन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хиндиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija – хорватча" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mutacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitasyon" title="Mitasyon – гаитиче" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mitasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mut%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Mutáció – венгерче" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mutáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Մուտացիա – армянча" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուտացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasi" title="Mutasi – индонезияча" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mutasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезияча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutaco" title="Mutaco – идочо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mutaco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идочо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6kkbreyting" title="Stökkbreyting – исландча" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stökkbreyting" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutazione_genetica" title="Mutazione genetica – италиянча" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mutazione genetica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиянча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E7%84%B6%E5%A4%89%E7%95%B0" title="突然変異 – жапончо" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="突然変異" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasi" title="Mutasi – жаванизче" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mutasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="жаванизче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მუტაცია – грузинче" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუტაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мутация – казакча" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мутация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казакча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8" title="ವ್ಯತ್ಯಯನ – каннадача" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವ್ಯತ್ಯಯನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннадача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EC%97%B0%EB%B3%80%EC%9D%B4" title="돌연변이 – корейче" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돌연변이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon – курдча" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mutasyon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutatio_genetica" title="Mutatio genetica – латынча" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mutatio genetica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латынча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija – литовчо" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mutacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовчо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mut%C4%81cija" title="Mutācija – латышча" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mutācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Мутација – македончо" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мутација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ഉൽപരിവർത്തനം – малайаламча" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉൽപരിവർത്തനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малайаламча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Мутац – монголчо" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мутац" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголчо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasi" title="Mutasi – малайча" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mutasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B4" title="جهش – мазандераниче" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جهش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандераниче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8" title="उत्परिवर्तन – непалча" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उत्परिवर्तन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutatie_(biologie)" title="Mutatie (biologie) – голландча" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mutatie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasjon" title="Mutasjon – норвежче (нинорск)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mutasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежче (нинорск)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasjon" title="Mutasjon – норвежче (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mutasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежче (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutacion_(genetica)" title="Mutacion (genetica) – окситанча" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mutacion (genetica)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foloqa" title="Foloqa – оромочо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Foloqa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромочо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਿਊਟੇਸ਼ਨ – пунжабиче" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਊਟੇਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пунжабиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutacja" title="Mutacja – полякча" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mutacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полякча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%9A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A)" title="اوښتون (بیولوجي) – пуштуча" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوښتون (بیولوجي)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пуштуча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Mutação – португалча" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mutação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakman_tukuy" title="Wakman tukuy – кечуача" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wakman tukuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muta%C8%9Bie_genetic%C4%83" title="Mutație genetică – румынча" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mutație genetică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мутация – орусча" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мутация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орусча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramutamentu_(canciamentu)" title="Tramutamentu (canciamentu) – сицилийче" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tramutamentu (canciamentu)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija – серб-хорват" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mutacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92" title="ප්‍රවේණික විකෘති – сингалача" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රවේණික විකෘති" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингалача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mutation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mut%C3%A1cia_(genetika)" title="Mutácia (genetika) – словакча" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mutácia (genetika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija – словенче" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mutacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutacioni" title="Mutacioni – албанча" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mutacioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija – сербче" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mutacija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation – шведче" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mutation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மரபணுத் திரிபு – тамилче" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரபணுத் திரிபு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఉత్పరివర్తనము – телугуча" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉత్పరివర్తనము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугуча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C" title="การกลายพันธุ์ – тайча" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การกลายพันธุ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasi%C3%BDa" title="Mutasiýa – түркмөнчө" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mutasiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="түркмөнчө" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mutasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon – түркчө" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mutasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түркчө" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мутація – украинче" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мутація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%8E%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8E%DB%81" title="طَفرَہ – урдуча" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طَفرَہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урдуча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutatsiya" title="Mutatsiya – өзбекче" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mutatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбекче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99t_bi%E1%BA%BFn_sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Đột biến sinh học – вьетнамча" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đột biến sinh học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon – варайча" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mutasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8F%98" title="突变 – "У" диалектинде (Кытай)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="突变" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name=""У" диалектинде (Кытай)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="מוטאציע – идишче" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוטאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идишче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8F%98" title="突变 – кытайча" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="突变" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кытайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%CC%8Dt-pi%C3%A0n" title="Tu̍t-piàn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tu̍t-piàn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%AA%81%E8%AE%8A" title="基因突變 – кантончо" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基因突變" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42918#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башка тилдерге шилтемени түзөтүү" class="wbc-editpage">Шилтемелерди түзөтүү</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Аталыш мейкиндиктери"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Барактын мазмунун кароо [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Макала</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new 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id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Куралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">каптал тилкесине жылдыруу</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">жашыруу</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Аракеттер </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Окуу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit" title="Бул баракты түзөтүү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Түзөтүү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit" title="Барактын кодун түзөтүү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Булагын түзөтүү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=history"><span>Тарыхын кароо</span></a></li> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fky.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259C%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F"><span>URL'ди кыскартуу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fky.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259C%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F"><span>QR-кодду жүктөп алуу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Басып чыгаруу/экспорттоо </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Китеп түзүү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында жүктөп алуу</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&printable=yes" title="Бул барактын басма түрү [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Басып чыгаруу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башка долбоорлордо </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mutations" hreflang="en"><span>Викиказына</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42918" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимаалымат элементи</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрүнүш"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрүнүш</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">каптал тилкесине жылдыруу</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">жашыруу</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия дан</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ky" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ky/8/81/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="195" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="195" /></a><figcaption>Мутация.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Мутация</b> — тукум куума информацияны алып жүрүүчү <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="ДНК">ДНКнын</a> молекулаларындагы өзгөрүүлөр (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Нуклеин кислоталары">Нуклеин кислоталары</a>). Ал өзгөрүүлөр кокусунан табигый же жасалма жол менен (физикалык же химиялык факторлордун таасиринен) пайда болот. Мутация пайда болуу жөндөмдүүлүгү тиричиликтин бардык формаларында (<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Вирустар">вирустар</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Микроорганизмдер">микроорганизмдер</a>, татаал түзүлүштүү <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Өсүмдүктөр">өсүмдүктөр</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Жаныбарлар">жаныбарлар</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Адам">адам</a>) болуучу универсалдуу касиет. Жыныс клеткаларындагы мутация укумдан-тукумга берилет. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Табигый_мутация"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D0.B3.D1.8B.D0.B9_.D0.BC.D1.83.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Табигый мутация</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="«Табигый мутация‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Табигый мутация"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Табигый мутация табигый радиациянын (анын ичинен космос нурларынын), ошондой эле табигый органикалык бирикмелердин ажыроосунун же кишинин чарбалык ишинин натыйжасынан келип чыккан кээ бир химиялык заттардын таасиринен болот. Көпчүлүк илимпоздор табигый мутациянын негизги себеби — клетканын көбөйүшүндө ДНКнын бузулушун оңдоодо же <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Генетика">гендердин</a> алмашуусунда ДНК менен өз ара катышуучу ферменттер: дин «ката кетирүүсү» деп эсептешет. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ky/thumb/1/18/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F2.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ky/1/18/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="181" /></a><figcaption>Чернобыльдагы мутация.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Жасалма_мутация"><span id=".D0.96.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BC.D0.B0_.D0.BC.D1.83.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Жасалма мутация</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=2" title="«Жасалма мутация‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Жасалма мутация"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Жасалма мутация клетканын генетикалык аппаратына кээ бир физикалык же химиялык факторлордун — мутагендердин (иондоштуруучу нурлануу, ультра кызгылт көк нур, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Химиялык бирикмелер (мындай барак жок)">химиялык бирикмелер</a>, айрым вирустар, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дарылар">дарылар</a>) таасиринен пайда болот. Мутагендер ДНКнын молекулалары менен өз ара катышып, алардын түзүлүшүн бузат. Эң алгач жасалма мутация рентген нурларынын таасиринен пайда болгон. Клеткага кирүүгө жөндөмдүү нурлар ДНКнын молекулаларын иондоштуруп гендерди өзгөртүшү мүмкүн. Радиациялык мутагендерден башка көптөгөн химиялык мутагендер белгилүү. <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Бактериялар">Бактериялардын</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Курт-кумурскалар">курт-кумурскалардын</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%82_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%87%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Сүт эмүүчүлөр">сүт эмүүчүлөрдүн</a> вирустары мутагендик таасирге ээ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Мутациянын_бөлүнүшү"><span id=".D0.9C.D1.83.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.BD_.D0.B1.D3.A9.D0.BB.D2.AF.D0.BD.D2.AF.D1.88.D2.AF"></span>Мутациянын бөлүнүшү</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=3" title="«Мутациянын бөлүнүшү‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Мутациянын бөлүнүшү"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Мутация гендик, хромосомалык, геномдук деп үч түргө бөлүнөт. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Гендик_мутация"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.BC.D1.83.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Гендик мутация</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=4" title="«Гендик мутация‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Гендик мутация"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ДНКнын түзүлүшүнө кийлигишип айрым гендерди бузса, алар гендик мутация деп аталат. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Хромосомалык_мутация"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BA_.D0.BC.D1.83.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Хромосомалык мутация</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=5" title="«Хромосомалык мутация‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Хромосомалык мутация"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хромосомалык мутация хромосомалар бир же бир нече жерден үзүлгөндөн кийин пайда болот. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Геномдук_мутация"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.BA_.D0.BC.D1.83.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Геномдук мутация</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=6" title="«Геномдук мутация‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Геномдук мутация"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Клеткаларда клетка бөлүнүүсүн (митозду) камсыз кылуучу структуралар бузулганда эки эселенген хромосомалар же алардын жыйнагы эселенгенден кийин, ошол эле клеткада кала берет. Мындай мутация геномдук деп аталат. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Алдын_алуу"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BB.D0.B4.D1.8B.D0.BD_.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.83.D1.83"></span>Алдын алуу</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=7" title="«Алдын алуу‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Алдын алуу"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Кишинин организминин клеткалары тиричиликтин кадимки шартында (табигый мутация) жана радиациялык, химиялык мутагендердин таасири менен мутацияга учурайт. Орто эсеп менен 1 млн төрөлгөндөрдүн бирөөнүн белгилүү генинде табигый мутация пайда болуп <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тукум куума оорулар">тукум куума оорулардын</a> бирине айланат. Эгерде <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Атмосфера">атмосферада</a> кишинин тукум куугучтугуна зыяндуу болгон заттар көбөйсө, мурдагыдай эле ядролук жарылуу жүргүзүлсө жана калк айлана-чөйрөнүн булгануусуна каршы чараларды колдонбосо улам жаңы мутация пайда боло берет. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Түрлөрү"><span id=".D0.A2.D2.AF.D1.80.D0.BB.D3.A9.D1.80.D2.AF"></span>Түрлөрү</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=8" title="«Түрлөрү‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Түрлөрү"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Генет. материалдагы өзгөрүүлөрдүн мүнөзүнө жараша чекиттик мутация инсерциялар, хромосомалык абберациялар же хромосомалардын кайрадан түзүлүүшү жана хромосомалардын санынын өзгөрүшүн камтыган мутацияларга бөлүнөт. </p><p>Чекиттик мутациялар <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="ДНК">ДНК</a>да же <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="РНК">РНКда</a> нуклеотиддердин жубунун түшүп калышы же арасына кошулушу жана ошондой эле өзгөрүүлөрү (транзициялар жана трансверсиялар). Алар айрым гендердин ошондой эле карама-каршы натыйжа (полярдык эффект) учурунда, башкача атйканда келип чыккан мутацияга (полярдык мутацияга) салыштырмалуу оператордон алыс жайгашкан бардык гендердин чыгарылып салышында бир оперондогу кошуна бир нече гендердин функцияларын өзгөртүшү мүмкүн. <br /> Инсерциялар ДНК молекулаларынын генге киргизилиши көбүнчө анын активдүүлүгүнүн төмөндөшүнө (инактивация) алып келет же оперондордо күчтүү карама-каршы натыйжаны (полярдык эффектти) пайда кылат. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хромосомалар">Хромосомалардын</a> кайрадан түзүлүшү - негизинен "жөнү жок" (незаконный) рекомбинациялардын башкача атйканда генет. материалдын гомол. эмес бөлүктөрүнүн рекомбинацияларынын эсебинен келип чыгат. Аларга делеция, анын ичинен катар чиркелишүү топторуна ээ эукариоттук организмдерге мүнөздүү дефишенсилер (хромосомалардын учтарынын кыскарышы); инверсия, дупликация, транслокация, транспозициялар генет. материалдын гендин узундугу менен теңдеш бөлүктөрүнүн бир хромосоманын чегинде же хромосомалардын ортосундагы орун которушуулар. </p><p>Организмдин клеткаларында хромосомалардын саны гаплоиддик жыйнакка калдыксыз (полиплоидия же гаплоидия) ошондой эле гаплоиддик тизмекке калдык менен (анеуплоидия) өзгөрүлөт. </p><p>Мутациянын көпчүлүгү организм үчүн зыяндуу (тукум куума оорулар майыптык жана организмдин өлүмү менен шартталышы мүмкүн). Кээде гана организмдин тигил же бул касиеттерин жакшыртуучу гендик мутация келип чыгат так ошол мутация жаратылыштагы өсүмдүк, жаныбар жана микроорганизмдердин селекциясында пайдалуу формаларын түзүүдө эволюциянын зарыл шарты болуп саналуу менен табигый жана жасалма тандоонун негизги материалын түзөт. Ар бир түрдө спонтандык мутациянын жыштыгы генет. жактан шартталган жана ылайыктуу деңгээлде кармалып турат. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Колдонулган_адабият"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82"></span>Колдонулган адабият</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=9" title="«Колдонулган адабият‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Колдонулган адабият"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Кыргыз Совет Энциклопедиясынын Башкы редакциясы. «Ден - соолук» Медициналык энциклопедия. - Ф.:1991, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:BookSources/5897500088" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-89750-008-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F:_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Биология: Энциклопедиялык окуу куралы (мындай барак жок)">Биология: Энциклопедиялык окуу куралы</a>/Мамлекеттик тил жана энциклопедия борбору. - Б.:2004, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:BookSources/9967140024" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9967-14-002-4</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Мутация&oldid=453619">https://ky.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Мутация&oldid=453619</a>" булагынан алынды</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:Categories" title="Атайын:Categories">Категория</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категория:Радиобиология (мындай барак жок)">Радиобиология</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категория:Молекулалык-генетикалык процесстер (мындай барак жок)">Молекулалык-генетикалык процесстер</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D3%A8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%87%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категория:Өзгөргүчтүк (мындай барак жок)">Өзгөргүчтүк</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категория:Мутациялар (мындай барак жок)">Мутациялар</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Жашыруун категория: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Категория:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бул барак соңку жолу 26 октябрь 2023, саат 12:10 өзгөртүлгөн.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензиясынын</a> алкагында жеткиликтүү; кошумча шарттар колдонулушу мүмкүн. 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