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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixes" title="Mixes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mixes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixe" title="Mixe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mixe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_mixe" title="Pueblo mixe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo mixe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%A5eoj" title="Miĥeoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Miĥeoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixe" title="Mixe – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mixe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixe" title="Mixe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mixe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Михе – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Михе" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiai" title="Michiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Michiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixe_(volk)" title="Mixe (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mixe (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%98%E3%83%BC" title="ミヘー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミヘー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixe" title="Mixe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mixe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihe" title="Mihe – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mihe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1940883#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mixe (Mije)<br /></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="[[Mixe languages]]">Ayüükjä'äy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Banderaayuukmixemf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Banderaayuukmixemf.svg/220px-Banderaayuukmixemf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Banderaayuukmixemf.svg/330px-Banderaayuukmixemf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Banderaayuukmixemf.svg/440px-Banderaayuukmixemf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2169" data-file-height="1370" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sierra_Mixe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sierra_Mixe.svg/249px-Sierra_Mixe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="249" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sierra_Mixe.svg/374px-Sierra_Mixe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sierra_Mixe.svg/498px-Sierra_Mixe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="401" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Sierra Mixe within Oaxaca, Mexico</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">~90,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>), <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ahuachapan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahuachapan">Ahuachapan</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Mixe_languages" title="Mixe languages">Mixe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, and Indigenous religion</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoque_people" title="Zoque people">Zoques</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ayuujkjä'äy (Mixe)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mixe_languages" title="Mixe languages">Ayöök (Mixe)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Mixe</b> (Spanish <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">mixe</i></span></i> or rarely <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">mije</i></span></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈmixe]</a></span>) are an <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people of Mexico">Indigenous people of Mexico</a> who live in the eastern highlands of the state of <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>. They speak the <a href="/wiki/Mixe_languages" title="Mixe languages">Mixe languages</a>, which are classified in the <a href="/wiki/Mixe%E2%80%93Zoque" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixe–Zoque">Mixe–Zoque</a> <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">family</a>, and are more culturally conservative than other Indigenous groups of the region, maintaining their language to this day. <a href="/wiki/SIL_international" class="mw-redirect" title="SIL international">SIL international</a> estimated that the Mixe language was spoken by 90,000 people in 1993. </p><p>The Mixe name for themselves is <i>Ayuujkjä'äy</i> meaning "people who speak the mountain language".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "Mixe" itself is probably derived from the <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> word for cloud: <i>mīxtli</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixe_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mixe live in the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Mixe" title="Sierra Mixe">Sierra Mixe</a>, which is northeast of the city of <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca,_Oaxaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Oaxaca, Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>. The region borders the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Oaxaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Oaxaca">Valley of Oaxaca</a> to the southwest, the lowlands of <a href="/wiki/Tehuantepec" title="Tehuantepec">Tehuantepec</a> to the east, and the highlands of Choapam and the state of <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a> to the north. This rugged and remote area is part the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_de_Oaxaca" title="Sierra Madre de Oaxaca">Sierra Madre de Oaxaca</a>. The western Mixe live in a mountainous temperate highland zone with the largest Mixe centers in San Pedro and Pablo Ayutla (in Mixe called Tu'ukyom<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Tlahuitoltepec (Xemgɨxp) and <a href="/wiki/Totontepec_Villa_de_Morelos" title="Totontepec Villa de Morelos">Totontepec</a> (Añkɨwam). </p><p>At elevations above 2,400 meters, Mixe farmers cultivate <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Beans">beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">squash</a>. The midland Mixe are centered on Zacatepec (Mɨɨygɨxy) and Juquila (Kɨngɨ'ɨm). In this region, they grow <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>. The eastern Mixe live near the city Matías Romero in the tropical lowlands of the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec" title="Isthmus of Tehuantepec">Isthmus of Tehuantepec</a>. Here, at elevations from 35 to 1.000 meters, they grow tropical crops such as <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">bananas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plantain_(cooking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantain (cooking)">plantains</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a>. </p><p>The Mixe region borders on regions inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Zapotec_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapotec people">Zapotecs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinantec" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinantec">Chinantecs</a>, with whom the Mixe have some contact. The Mixe region is watered by three large rivers the <a href="/wiki/Papaloapan_River" title="Papaloapan River">Papaloapan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coatzacoalcos_River" title="Coatzacoalcos River">Coatzacoalcos</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tehuantepec_River" title="Tehuantepec River">Tehuantepec</a>. Three peaks in the Sierra Mixe reach heights above 3300 meters: at Cempoaltepetl (in Mixe <i>Ipxyukp</i> "the Mountain of twenty heads"), Cerro Blanco and Cerro Malinche. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sierramixes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sierramixes.png/500px-Sierramixes.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sierramixes.png/750px-Sierramixes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sierramixes.png/1000px-Sierramixes.png 2x" data-file-width="1057" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>The major towns of the Mixe Region.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixe_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Linguistic evidence suggests connection with the <a href="/wiki/Olmec" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmec">Olmecs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however there has been some theories that don't associate the Mixe with the Olmec, but with the native cultures of the <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South American</a> <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Mixe migration oral history they came to settle at the holy mountain Cempoaltepetl—where led by the legendary king Condoy (also known as Ëy Konk, or Ko’ong Oy<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) they built a successful kingdom. Almost nothing is known about the Mixes in prehispanic times as there are very few archeological remains in the Mixe area and written sources are equally scarce. It is known that neither the <a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a> kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Zaachila" title="Zaachila">Zaachila</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a> empire succeeded in subduing the Mixes completely. </p><p>After the Spanish conquest of central Mexico and the valley of Oaxaca a Spanish force under the command of Diego Sandoval was sent north to the Sierra Mixe to subdue the Mixes and <a href="/wiki/Chinantec" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinantec">Chinantecs</a> of that region. The expedition failed and the Mixes remained unconquered. <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a> even mentions in his letters to the King of Spain that the provinces of the Zapotecs and the Mixes were the only ones to remain unconquered. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>"<i>In the whole territory, from one sea to the other, the natives serve without complaint, save for two provinces which lie between those of <a href="/wiki/Tehuantepec" title="Tehuantepec">Teguantepeque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinantla" title="Chinantla">Chinanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Guaxaca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coatzacoalcos" title="Coatzacoalcos">Guazacualco</a>, in the middle of all four; the people of these two provinces are called Zapotecas and Mixes. Their land is so rocky that it cannot be crossed even on foot, for I have twice sent people to conquer them, who were unable to do so because of the roughness of the terrain, and because the warriors are very fierce and well armed</i>" Hernán Cortés, Fourth Letter to King Charles V<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In 1555 the first peaceful contact between Spaniards and Mixes were undertaken when the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican order">Dominican order</a> began the spiritual conquest of the Mixes. They built churches and missions in Juquila, Totontepec and Quetzaltepec. The Mixes still pride themselves of never having been conquered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixe_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mixe largely live from subsistence agriculture of corn, beans, squash, and potatoes, complemented by hunting small game and fishing on the smaller rivers and streams. However, in the past century, the midland Mixe have begun to commercialize coffee, usually as small producers who sell their roasted beans to buyers from outside the Mixe area. The Mixe are well known in Oaxaca for their large <a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">brass bands</a>. Every Mixe town has a band that performs in their local festivals. In some towns traditional weaving is practiced on <a href="/wiki/Loom#Backstrap_looms" title="Loom">backstrap looms</a> whereas other towns mainly produce <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">ceramics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixe_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mixe_languages" title="Mixe languages">Mixe languages</a></div> <p>The Mixe language is a language of the Mixean branch of the <a href="/wiki/Mixe%E2%80%93Zoquean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixe–Zoquean languages">Mixe–Zoque</a> language family. Its closest relatives are <a href="/wiki/Sayula_Popoluca" title="Sayula Popoluca">Sayula Popoluca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oluta_Popoluca" title="Oluta Popoluca">Oluta Popoluca</a> spoken in <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>. The language is <a href="/wiki/Polysynthetic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysynthetic languages">polysynthetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ergative%E2%80%93absolutive_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergative–absolutive language">ergative</a> and employs a <a href="/wiki/Direct%E2%80%93inverse_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct–inverse language">direct–inverse</a> system for participant reference. It can be subdivided into three dialect areas: Highland Mixe (northern Highland spoken around Totontepec and Southern Highland spoken around Tlahuitoltepec, Ayutla, and Tamazulapan), Midland Mixe (spoken around Juquila and Zacatepec) and Lowland Mixe (spoken around Guichicovi).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mixe languages are poorly documented and many variants are not documented at all. Best documented are the dialects of Totontepec,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayutla and Coatlán<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for which dictionaries and small grammars have been published by <a href="/wiki/SIL_international" class="mw-redirect" title="SIL international">SIL international</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_structure">Social structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixe_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Social structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides the nuclear family, an important part of Mixe social structure is the <a href="/wiki/Cargo_system" title="Cargo system">cargo system</a> which is an integrated part of Mixe society. In the cargo system a number of civic and religious offices called "cargos" rotate among the men of each village. Cargoholders assume responsibilities of public interest such as arranging and paying for certain religious celebrations, caring for religious images, or upholding. A cargo is unpaid and held for a year; some cargoes include rather large financial obligations to the cargoholder. Persons who have held many cargoes are respected and the few persons who have held all possible cargoes in the community are part of a council of elders. With the conversion of many Mixes to different <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> branches the functionality of the cargo system has been challenged in many towns resulting in social tension.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixe_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ritual practices include prayers and sacrifice to a non-human entity called ‘The One Who Makes Being Alive (yë’ yïkjujykypyëjkp),’ which gives vitality. Rituals are also performed to entities such as the Rain, the Wind, and the Earth. Ritualistic ceremonies of the Mixe people involved primarily female shamans practicing diverse rituals involving but not limited to 'protection, divination, childbirth, travel, and hunting,' reflecting their connection to and evolution from ceremonial traditions of their Mesoamerican ancestors, the Olmec people.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Life as a Making</i>, Perig Pitrou asserts that humans use technological activities to understand vital processes such as growth, reproduction, aging, and death. For example, the building of the earth in the Mixe origin story is a sequential process similar to that of pottery making. Mixe newborns are given ritual baths to make them strong and hard, similar to the hardening of pottery in a kiln. Human life is seen as being built and shaped by the Creator.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The creation myth of the Mixe people involves how ‘The One Whose Activity is to Have Ideas’  (täätyunpï) molds and shapes the world’s beings. In this myth, the world created by ‘The One Whose Activity is to Have Ideas’ is likened to basket weaving or pottery, and the being’s creations are described as inanimate objects, with ‘The One Who Makes Being Alive (yë’ yïkjujykypyëjkp)’ being the one who then breathes life into these objects created by ‘The One Whose Activity is to Have Ideas.’ In this way, much like a potter baking a piece of clay, there are two parts to creation and this is evident in their customs, such as birth rituals or rituals for rain to “breathe life into” the earth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to and in modification of the Catholic system, the Mixe maintain a <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(gods)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantheon (gods)">pantheon</a> of gods representing certain aspects. These include: </p> <ul><li><i>Poj 'Enee</i> ("Thunder wind"), a fertility and rain god who is also the protector of Mixe towns</li> <li><i>Naaxwiiñ</i> ("Earth Surface"), an earth and fertility goddess</li> <li><i>Yuuk</i>, the "owner of the animals" and the deity of wild animals and the hunt</li> <li><i>Hɨgɨñ</i>, a goddess of rivers and springs, venerated by fishermen</li> <li><i>Mɨjku</i>, a god of wealth, luck, hurricanes, death and the underworld, who is often equated with the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">devil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The Mixe are among the few contemporary indigenous communities<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Mesoamerica to still use the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">260-day ritual calendar</a> which was in use throughout Mesoamerica in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a> times.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mixe use the ritual calendar for divination, planning of rituals and in order to determine the names given to children. Mixes have two names: a calendrical name in the Mixe language given at birth and a Spanish-Catholic name given at baptism. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nagualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagualism">Nagualism</a> also forms a part of Mixe religious beliefs: the Mixe believe that every person is born simultaneously with an animal which becomes their <i>Tso'ok</i> (<a href="/wiki/Nahual" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahual">Nahual</a>/animal counterpart) – the animal carries part of the human's soul and the two beings will share a common destiny. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixe_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the Monograph about the Mixes at the official website of the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_Indigenista" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional Indigenista">Instituto Nacional Indigenista</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234013/http://www.cdi.gob.mx/ini/monografias/mixes.html">"Monografías de los Pueblos Indígenas de México"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdi.gob.mx/ini/monografias/mixes.html">the original</a> on 2007-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monograf%C3%ADas+de+los+Pueblos+Ind%C3%ADgenas+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdi.gob.mx%2Fini%2Fmonografias%2Fmixes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixe+people" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mixe language name are taken from Lipp, 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First proposed in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampbell,_LyleTerrence_Kaufman1976" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lyle_Campbell" title="Lyle Campbell">Campbell, Lyle</a>; <a href="/wiki/Terrence_Kaufman" title="Terrence Kaufman">Terrence Kaufman</a> (1976). "A Linguistic Look at the Olmec". <i>American Antiquity</i>. <b>41</b> (1). Society for American Archaeology: <span class="nowrap">80–</span>89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F279044">10.2307/279044</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/279044">279044</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162230234">162230234</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Antiquity&rft.atitle=A+Linguistic+Look+at+the+Olmec&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E80-%3C%2Fspan%3E89&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162230234%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F279044%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F279044&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Lyle&rft.au=Terrence+Kaufman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170601234549/http://www.iberopuebla.mx/ayuuk/historia.htm">"Los Mixes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iberopuebla.mx/ayuuk/historia.htm">the original</a> on 2017-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Los+Mixes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iberopuebla.mx%2Fayuuk%2Fhistoria.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/270/27035207.pdf">http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/270/27035207.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Page 318 <i>Letters from Mexico</i> translated by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Pagden" title="Anthony Pagden">Anthony Pagden</a> (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-09094-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-09094-3">0-300-09094-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wichmann, Søren, 1995, The Relationship Among the Mixe–Zoquean Languages of Mexico. University of Utah Press. Salt Lake City. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87480-487-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87480-487-6">0-87480-487-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schoenhals, Alvin & Louise Schoenhals, 1965, Vocabulario Mixe de Totontepec, Serie de Vocabularios Indigénas "Mariano Silva y Aceves" Num. 14. SIL, Mexico, D.F.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoogshagen, Searle & Hilda Halloran Hoogshagen, 1993, Diccionario Mixe de Coatlán, Serie de Vocabularios Indigénas "Mariano Silva y Aceves" Num. 32. SIL, Mexico, D.F.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p.25 Frank J Lipp, 1991, The Mixe of Oaxaca: Religion, ritual and healing, University of Texas Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTate2012" class="citation book cs1">Tate, Carolyn (2012). <i>Reconsidering Olmec Visual Culture: The Unborn, Women, and Creation</i>. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 197.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconsidering+Olmec+Visual+Culture%3A+The+Unborn%2C+Women%2C+and+Creation&rft.place=Austin&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Tate&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPitrou2017" class="citation journal cs1">Pitrou, Perig (2017). "Life as a making". <i>NatureCulture</i>. <b>4</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NatureCulture&rft.atitle=Life+as+a+making&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Pitrou&rft.aufirst=Perig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank J Lipp, 1991, The Mixe of Oaxaca: Religion, ritual and healing, University of Texas Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/K%27iche%27_people" class="mw-redirect" title="K'iche' people">K'iche' Maya</a> of Guatemala are another notable indigenous group retaining knowledge and use of this calendar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also the <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> version of the 260-day calendar, the <i><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%27in" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzolk'in">tzolk'in</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tonalpohualli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonalpohualli">tonalpohualli</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixe_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060903121347/http://www.laneta.apc.org/rci/ser/">Servicios del Pueblo Mixe – SER Mixe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10408a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexicantextiles.com/grouppages/mixe1.html">Short description of Mixe culture and pictures of Mixe weaving</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234013/http://www.cdi.gob.mx/ini/monografias/mixes.html">CDI information about the Mixes in Spanish</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_Oaxaca.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oaxaca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_Oaxaca.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oaxaca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_Oaxaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people of Oaxaca">Indigenous peoples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amuzgo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Amuzgo people">Amuzgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatino people">Chatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_Oaxaca#Chinantec" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people of Oaxaca">Chinanteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocho_people" title="Chocho people">Chochotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuicatec_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuicatec people">Cuicateco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huave_people" title="Huave people">Huave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixcatecos" title="Ixcatecos">Ixcatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazatec" title="Mazatec">Mazateco</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mixe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_Oaxaca#Chontal" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people of Oaxaca">Oaxacan Chontal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_Oaxaca#Popoloco" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people of Oaxaca">Popoluca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacuate_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tacuate people">Tacuate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trique_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Trique people">Trique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_peoples" title="Zapotec peoples">Zapotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoque_people" title="Zoque people">Zoque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico126" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Template:Indigenous peoples of Mexico"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Template talk:Indigenous peoples of Mexico"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous peoples of Mexico"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico126" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Indigenous peoples of Mexico">Indigenous peoples of Mexico</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">More than 100,000 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinantec_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinantec people">Chinantec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%CA%BCol_people" title="Chʼol people">Chʼol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huastec_people" title="Huastec people">Huastec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazahua_people" title="Mazahua people">Mazahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazatec" title="Mazatec">Mazatec</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mixe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahuas" title="Nahuas">Nahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otomi" title="Otomi">Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha" title="Purépecha">Purépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rar%C3%A1muri" title="Rarámuri">Rarámuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlapanec_people" title="Tlapanec people">Tlapanec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonac" title="Totonac">Totonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzeltal_people" title="Tzeltal people">Tzeltal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzotzil" title="Tzotzil">Tzotzil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_peoples" title="Zapotec peoples">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/48px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/64px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mexico" title="Portal:Mexico">Mexico portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20,000 – 100,000 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amuzgos" title="Amuzgos">Amuzgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatinos" title="Chatinos">Chatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chontal_Maya" title="Chontal Maya">Chontal Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cora_people" title="Cora people">Cora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuicatecs" title="Cuicatecs">Cuicatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huave_people" title="Huave people">Huave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam_people" title="Mam people">Mam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayo_people" title="Mayo people">Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popoluca" title="Popoluca">Popoluca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n" title="Tepehuán">Tepehuán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tojolabal_people" title="Tojolabal people">Tojolabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triqui" title="Triqui">Triqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichol" title="Huichol">Wixarika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoque_people" title="Zoque people">Zoque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000 – 20,000 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akatek_people" title="Akatek people">Akatek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_Jonaz_people" title="Chichimeca Jonaz people">Chichimeca Jonaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocho_people" title="Chocho people">Chocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuj_people" title="Chuj people">Chuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarijio_people" title="Guarijio people">Guarijio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakaltek_people" title="Jakaltek people">Jakaltek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacandon_people" title="Lacandon people">Lacandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matlatzinca_people" title="Matlatzinca people">Matlatzinca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicaneros" title="Mexicaneros">Mexicanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocuiltec_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocuiltec people">Ocuiltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pame_people" title="Pame people">Pame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_Bajo_people" title="Pima Bajo people">Pima Bajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCanjob%CA%BCal_people" title="Qʼanjobʼal people">Qʼanjobʼal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCeqchi%CA%BC" title="Qʼeqchiʼ">Qʼeqchiʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacuate" title="Tacuate">Tacuate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehuas" title="Tepehuas">Tepehua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Less than 1,000 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awakatek_people" title="Awakatek people">Awakatek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiricahua" title="Chiricahua">Chiricahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochim%C3%AD" title="Cochimí">Cochimí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucap%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cucapá">Cucapá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixcatecos" title="Ixcatecos">Ixcatecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixil_people" title="Ixil people">Ixil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaqchikel_people" title="Kaqchikel people">Kaqchikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCiche%CA%BC_people" title="Kʼicheʼ people">Kʼicheʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Kickapoo" title="Mexican Kickapoo">Kikapú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliwa_people" title="Kiliwa people">Kiliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipan_Apache_people" title="Lipan Apache people">Lipán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mescalero" title="Mescalero">Mezcalero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motozintlecos" title="Motozintlecos">Motozintleco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opata_people" title="Opata people">Opata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paipai_people" title="Paipai people">Paipai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seri_people" title="Seri people">Seri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tektitek_people" title="Tektitek people">Teko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%CA%BCodham" title="Tohono Oʼodham">Tohono Oʼodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Apache_people" title="Western Apache people">Western Apache</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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