Jesuits | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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J\u00e9suites","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2011-05-19T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2019-04-26T16:09:42.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Jesuits","slug":"jesuits","alt_slug":"","summary":"The Society of Jesus was founded in Paris in 1534 by Saint Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish soldier who underwent a profound religious experience while recovering from serious wounds. Loyola called the society \"The Company of Jesus\" to indicate its military spirit. The order was authorized in September 1540 to ordain its members. The name \"Jesuits\" (meaning those who too frequently use or appropriate the name of Jesus) was used against the order as a term of reproach but in time was accepted by its members.","body":"<div class=\"slider\"><div class=\"bxslider\"><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg\" title=\"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons\" alt=\"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/d5c6fd7f-4bd9-4e78-9601-d44125ab6f74.jpg\" title=\"Jesuit College\" alt=\"Jesuit College\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/12f880b3-9b71-40cd-be09-8a5ee30c5f7f.jpg\" title=\"Martyrdom of the Jesuits\" alt=\"Martyrdom of the Jesuits\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>The Jesuit Mission<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tSpurred by the inspirational writings of their founder and unswerving in their obedience to the papacy, the Jesuits quickly became known as the schoolmasters of Europe - teaching not only the tenets of the Catholic faith but also subjects as varied as\r\n\tthe Latin classics and dancing.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe Jesuits' mission was to teach people \"the way into heaven\" and they declared themselves \"ready to die for the honour of ...our good Lord and for the salvation of these poor people.\" In the New World, their goal was to bring lost souls to Christianity\r\n\tand they were willing to endure hardships and to shed their blood to succeed.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>The First Jesuits Arrive in New France<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<a href=\"javascript:DisplayMedia('584', '584', '584', 383, 300, 0, 0, 0);\" name=\"584\"><\/a> The Jesuits first came to New France as missionaries in 1611. Pierre Biard and Enemond Mass\u00e9 arrived at Port-Royal on 22 May 1611. Mass\u00e9 was driven out of Acadia by the English but was among the first group of Jesuits who arrived at Qu\u00e9bec in June\r\n\t1625. With him were <a href=\"\/article\/charles-lalemant\/\">Charles Lalemant<\/a>, <a href=\"\/article\/jean-de-brebeuf\/\">Jean de Br\u00e9beuf<\/a> and two lay brothers.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tBr\u00e9beuf spent many years among the Huron, learning their language and culture and building a number of missions that initially met with little success in converting the First Nations to Christianity. Br\u00e9beuf was convinced that he had been chosen by God\r\n\tand had a vision that he would die a violent death in His name. On 16 March 1649 the Iroquois, who were in the process of destroying the Huron nation, captured Br\u00e9beuf and Gabriel Lalemant. The two Jesuits were carried off to Saint-Ignace, where they\r\n\tsuffered one of the most atrocious martyrdoms in the annals of Christianity.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>The Jesuit Accomplishment<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe Jesuits were linguists, explorers and ethnographers. They learned Indigenous languages and customs, developed dictionaries and grammars, translated and preserved much of the history and traditions in their documents. The most famous of these documents\r\n\tare the <a href=\"\/article\/jesuit-relations\/\">Jesuit relations<\/a>, which include details of their missions and activities and both the successes and failures of the Jesuits in their attempts to convert Indigenous peoples (see <a href=\"\/article\/ste-marie-among-the-hurons\/\">Ste Marie Among the Hurons<\/a>).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tOn 21 July 1773 the papal brief <em>Dominus ac Redemptor<\/em> suppressed the Society of Jesus throughout the world. Bishop of Qu\u00e9bec Jean-Olivier Briand in 1774 refused to put the order into effect, however. The Jesuits kept their name and religious\r\n\thabit in Qu\u00e9bec, and retained possession of their property. Since Britain refused to allow the Jesuits and R\u00e9collets to recruit new members and would not allow French priests to come to Canada, the numbers reduced as members of the order died. The last\r\n\tCanadian Jesuit, Father Jean-Joseph Casot, died at Qu\u00e9bec in 1800. Pope Pius VII reconstituted the order in 1814, and by 1842 Jesuits had reappeared in Qu\u00e9bec.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tA significant part of the Jesuits' earliest evangelical work involved education and the founding of parishes, schools and post-secondary institutions throughout Canada. The Jesuit seminary in Qu\u00e9bec (S\u00e9minaire de Qu\u00e9bec) was established in 1663. The institution\r\n\tcomprised the Grand S\u00e9minaire that educated men for the priesthood and the evangelical ministries, and the Petit S\u00e9minaire (1668) that was originally established for the education of students in New France who planned to attend the seminary. The Coll\u00e9ge\r\n\tdes J\u00e9suites evolved into Universit\u00e9 Laval. In 1848, Loyola College at Coll\u00e8ge Ste-Marie in Montr\u00e9al was founded as an English-language program of the Jesuit Society and in 1896 Loyola College became a distinct institution.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<a href=\"javascript:DisplayMedia('4330', '4330', '4330', 400, 266, 0, 0, 0);\" name=\"4330\"><\/a> Today, the Jesuit Society is the largest men's religious order in the Roman Catholic Church. In 2011 there were approximately 20 000 Jesuits worldwide with about 500 Canadian members divided equally between English and French in two juridical regions.\r\n\tCanadian Jesuits support the evangelical work of missions around the world.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tIn 2009, the Jesuit Archive in Canada opened in Montr\u00e9al. The archive documents the history of the Jesuits in Canada since 1611. The motto of the Jesuits is <em>Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam<\/em>, \"for the greater glory of God.\"\r\n<\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"translations":[{"id":"9e0df7ef-79c6-460e-a82a-dad7630d325b","article_id":"88088","title":"Jesuiten","summary":"Der Jesuitenorden wurde 1534 in Paris vom Heiligen Ignatius Loyola gegr\u00fcndet, einem spanischen Soldaten, der w\u00e4hrend seiner Genesung von schweren Wunden eine tiefe religi\u00f6se Erfahrung machte. Loyola nannte die Gesellschaft \u201eDie Gesellschaft Jesu\u201c, um auf ihren milit\u00e4rischen Geist hinzuweisen. Der Orden wurde im September 1540 autorisiert, seine Mitglieder zu ordinieren. Der Name \u201eJesuiten\u201c (gemeint sind diejenigen, die den Namen Jesu zu h\u00e4ufig verwenden oder sich zu eigen machen) wurde als Vorwurfsbegriff gegen den Orden verwendet, aber mit der Zeit wurde er von seinen Mitgliedern akzeptiert. ","body":"<div class=\"slider\"><div class=\"bxslider\"><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg\" title=\"Sainte-Marie unter den Huronen\" alt=\"Sainte-Marie unter den Huronen\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/d5c6fd7f-4bd9-4e78-9601-d44125ab6f74.jpg\" title=\"Jesuitenkolleg\" alt=\"Jesuitenkolleg\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/12f880b3-9b71-40cd-be09-8a5ee30c5f7f.jpg\" title=\"Das Martyrium der Jesuiten\" alt=\"Das Martyrium der Jesuiten\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Die Jesuitenmission<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nAngespornt durch die inspirierenden Schriften ihres Gr\u00fcnders und unbeirrbar in ihrem Gehorsam gegen\u00fcber dem Papsttum wurden die Jesuiten schnell als die Schulmeister Europas bekannt. Sie unterrichteten nicht nur die Lehren des katholischen Glaubens, sondern auch so unterschiedliche F\u00e4cher wie lateinische Klassiker und Tanz. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDie Mission der Jesuiten war es, den Menschen \u201eden Weg in den Himmel\u201c beizubringen, und sie erkl\u00e4rten sich \u201ebereit, f\u00fcr die Ehre... unseres lieben Herrn und f\u00fcr die Errettung dieser armen Menschen zu sterben\u201c. In der Neuen Welt war es ihr Ziel, verlorene Seelen zum Christentum zu f\u00fchren, \r\n und sie waren bereit, Schwierigkeiten zu ertragen und ihr Blut zu vergie\u00dfen, um erfolgreich zu sein. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Die ersten Jesuiten kommen in Neufrankreich an<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"javascript:DisplayMedia('584', '584', '584', 383, 300, 0, 0, 0);\" name=\"584\"><\/a>Die Jesuiten kamen 1611 zum ersten Mal als Missionare nach Neufrankreich. Pierre Biard und Enemond Mass\u00e9 kamen am 22. Mai 1611 in Port-Royal an. Mass\u00e9 wurde von den Engl\u00e4ndern aus Akadien vertrieben, geh\u00f6rte aber zur ersten Gruppe von Jesuiten, die im Juni 1625 in Qu\u00e9bec ankamen. \r\n <a href=\"\/article\/jean-de-brebeuf\/\">Bei ihm waren <a href=\"\/article\/charles-lalemant\/\">Charles Lalemant<\/a>, Jean de Br\u00e9beuf und zwei Laienbr\u00fcder.<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nBr\u00e9beuf verbrachte viele Jahre unter den Huronen, lernte ihre Sprache und Kultur und baute eine Reihe von Missionen auf, die zun\u00e4chst wenig Erfolg bei der Bekehrung der Ureinwohner zum Christentum hatten. Br\u00e9beuf war \u00fcberzeugt, von Gott auserw\u00e4hlt worden zu sein, \r\n und hatte die Vision, dass er in seinem Namen eines gewaltsamen Todes sterben w\u00fcrde. Am 16. M\u00e4rz 1649 nahmen die Irokesen, die gerade dabei waren, die Huronen-Nation zu zerst\u00f6ren, Br\u00e9beuf und Gabriel Lalemant gefangen. Die beiden Jesuiten wurden nach Saint-Ignace verschleppt, wo sie eines der grausamsten Martyrium in den Annalen des Christentums erlitten. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Die Leistung der Jesuiten<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nDie Jesuiten waren Linguisten, Entdecker und Ethnografen. Sie erlernten indigene Sprachen und Gebr\u00e4uche, entwickelten W\u00f6rterb\u00fccher und Grammatiken, \u00fcbersetzten und bewahrten einen Gro\u00dfteil der Geschichte und Traditionen in ihren Dokumenten. Das ber\u00fchmteste dieser Dokumente \r\n sind die <a href=\"\/article\/jesuit-relations\/\">Beziehungen zu den Jesuiten<\/a>, in denen Einzelheiten \u00fcber ihre Missionen und Aktivit\u00e4ten sowie \u00fcber die Erfolge und Misserfolge der Jesuiten bei ihren Versuchen, indigene V\u00f6lker zu bekehren, enthalten sind (siehe St. <a href=\"\/article\/ste-marie-among-the-hurons\/\">Marie<\/a> unter den Huronen). \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAm 21. Juli 1773 unterdr\u00fcckte der p\u00e4pstliche Brief <em>Dominus ac Redemptor<\/em> den Jesuitenorden auf der ganzen Welt. Der Bischof von Qu\u00e9bec, Jean-Olivier Briand, weigerte sich jedoch 1774, den Orden in Kraft zu setzen. Die Jesuiten behielten ihren Namen und ihr religi\u00f6ses \r\n Gewand in Qu\u00e9bec bei und behielten ihren Besitz. Da Gro\u00dfbritannien den Jesuiten und R\u00e9collets die Rekrutierung neuer Mitglieder verweigerte und franz\u00f6sischen Priestern nicht erlaubte, nach Kanada zu kommen, verringerte sich die Zahl der Ordensmitglieder, als die Mitglieder des Ordens starben. Der letzte \r\n kanadische Jesuit, Pater Jean-Joseph Casot, starb 1800 in Qu\u00e9bec. Papst Pius VII. rekonstituierte den Orden 1814, und 1842 waren die Jesuiten wieder in Qu\u00e9bec aufgetaucht. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nEin bedeutender Teil der fr\u00fchesten evangelischen Arbeit der Jesuiten umfasste die Bildung und die Gr\u00fcndung von Pfarreien, Schulen und postsekund\u00e4ren Einrichtungen in ganz Kanada. Das Jesuitenseminar in Qu\u00e9bec (S\u00e9minaire de Qu\u00e9bec) wurde 1663 gegr\u00fcndet. Die Institution \r\n umfasste den Grand S\u00e9minaire, der M\u00e4nner f\u00fcr das Priesteramt und die evangelischen \u00c4mter ausbildete, und das Petit S\u00e9minaire (1668), das urspr\u00fcnglich f\u00fcr die Ausbildung von Studenten in Neufrankreich eingerichtet wurde, die das Seminar besuchen wollten. \r\nDas Coll\u00e9ge des J\u00e9suites entwickelte sich zur Universit\u00e9 Laval. 1848 wurde das Loyola College am Coll\u00e8ge Ste-Marie in Montr\u00e9al als englischsprachiges Programm der Jesuiten-Gesellschaft gegr\u00fcndet und 1896 wurde das Loyola College zu einer eigenst\u00e4ndigen Institution. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"javascript:DisplayMedia('4330', '4330', '4330', 400, 266, 0, 0, 0);\" name=\"4330\"><\/a>Heute ist die Jesuitengesellschaft der gr\u00f6\u00dfte M\u00e4nnerorden in der r\u00f6misch-katholischen Kirche. Im Jahr 2011 gab es weltweit etwa 20 000 Jesuiten mit etwa 500 kanadischen Mitgliedern, die sich zu gleichen Teilen auf Englisch und Franz\u00f6sisch in zwei Rechtsgebieten aufteilten. \r\nKanadische Jesuiten unterst\u00fctzen die evangelische Arbeit von Missionen auf der ganzen Welt. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n2009 wurde das Jesuiten-Archiv in Kanada in Montr\u00e9al er\u00f6ffnet. Das Archiv dokumentiert die Geschichte der Jesuiten in Kanada seit 1611. Das Motto der Jesuiten lautet <em>Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam<\/em>, \u201ezur gr\u00f6\u00dferen Ehre Gottes\u201c. \r\n<\/p>","slug":"jdesuitden","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"de","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-25T18:05:14.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-25T18:05:14.000000Z"},{"id":"9da78696-9bc8-44f3-9922-9cd6ba308b23","article_id":"88088","title":"\u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2","summary":"\u0397 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1534 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u0399\u03b3\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u0399\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ac \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u00ab\u0397 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a3\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1540 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u00ab\u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\u00bb (\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd) \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bc\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. ","body":"<div class=\"slider\"><div class=\"bxslider\"><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg\" title=\"\u03a3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4-\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c2\" alt=\"\u03a3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4-\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c2\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/d5c6fd7f-4bd9-4e78-9601-d44125ab6f74.jpg\" title=\"\u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\" alt=\"\u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/12f880b3-9b71-40cd-be09-8a5ee30c5f7f.jpg\" title=\"\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\" alt=\"\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0397 \u0399\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 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\u039c\u03b1\u0390\u03bf\u03c5 1611. \u039f Mass\u00e9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0386\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1625. \r\n \u039c\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf <a href=\"\/article\/charles-lalemant\/\">Charles Lalemant<\/a>, \u03bf <a href=\"\/article\/jean-de-brebeuf\/\">Jean de Br\u00e9beu<\/a> f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03bf\u03af. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u039f Br\u00e9beuf \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Huron, \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 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href=\"\/article\/ste-marie-among-the-hurons\/\">Ste Marie Among the Hurons<\/a>). \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 21 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1773 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae <em>Dominus ac Redemptor \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b7\u03c3<\/em> \u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba \u0396\u03b1\u03bd-\u039f\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03ad \u039c\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf 1774 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 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\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1663. \u03a4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \r\n \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Grand S\u00e9minaire \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Petit S\u00e9minaire (1668) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf Coll\u00e9ge \r\n des J\u00e9suites \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u039b\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb. \u03a4\u03bf 1848, \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf Loyola \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Coll\u00e8ge Ste-Marie \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1896 \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf Loyola \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"javascript:DisplayMedia('4330', '4330', '4330', 400, 266, 0, 0, 0);\" name=\"4330\"><\/a>\u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b7 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf 2011 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 20.000 \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 500 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0393\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2. \r\n\u039f\u03b9 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03af \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u03a4\u03bf 2009, \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1611. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <em>Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam<\/em>, \u00ab\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb. \r\n<\/p>","slug":"iisoyitels","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"el","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2024-12-05T19:53:51.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-05T19:53:51.000000Z"},{"id":"717cddc8-9671-4f55-a56d-bd2acbf6e747","article_id":"88088","title":"Jesuits","summary":"The Society of Jesus was founded in Paris in 1534 by Saint Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish soldier who underwent a profound religious experience while recovering from serious wounds. Loyola called the society \"The Company of Jesus\" to indicate its military spirit. The order was authorized in September 1540 to ordain its members. The name \"Jesuits\" (meaning those who too frequently use or appropriate the name of Jesus) was used against the order as a term of reproach but in time was accepted by its members.","body":"<div class=\"slider\"><div class=\"bxslider\"><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg\" title=\"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons\" alt=\"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/d5c6fd7f-4bd9-4e78-9601-d44125ab6f74.jpg\" title=\"Jesuit College\" alt=\"Jesuit College\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/12f880b3-9b71-40cd-be09-8a5ee30c5f7f.jpg\" title=\"Martyrdom of the Jesuits\" alt=\"Martyrdom of the Jesuits\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>The Jesuit Mission<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tSpurred by the inspirational writings of their founder and unswerving in their obedience to the papacy, the Jesuits quickly became known as the schoolmasters of Europe - teaching not only the tenets of the Catholic faith but also subjects as varied as\r\n\tthe Latin classics and dancing.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe Jesuits' mission was to teach people \"the way into heaven\" and they declared themselves \"ready to die for the honour of ...our good Lord and for the salvation of these poor people.\" In the New World, their goal was to bring lost souls to Christianity\r\n\tand they were willing to endure hardships and to shed their blood to succeed.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>The First Jesuits Arrive in New France<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<a href=\"javascript:DisplayMedia('584', '584', '584', 383, 300, 0, 0, 0);\" name=\"584\"><\/a> The Jesuits first came to New France as missionaries in 1611. Pierre Biard and Enemond Mass\u00e9 arrived at Port-Royal on 22 May 1611. Mass\u00e9 was driven out of Acadia by the English but was among the first group of Jesuits who arrived at Qu\u00e9bec in June\r\n\t1625. With him were <a href=\"\/article\/charles-lalemant\/\">Charles Lalemant<\/a>, <a href=\"\/article\/jean-de-brebeuf\/\">Jean de Br\u00e9beuf<\/a> and two lay brothers.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tBr\u00e9beuf spent many years among the Huron, learning their language and culture and building a number of missions that initially met with little success in converting the First Nations to Christianity. Br\u00e9beuf was convinced that he had been chosen by God\r\n\tand had a vision that he would die a violent death in His name. On 16 March 1649 the Iroquois, who were in the process of destroying the Huron nation, captured Br\u00e9beuf and Gabriel Lalemant. The two Jesuits were carried off to Saint-Ignace, where they\r\n\tsuffered one of the most atrocious martyrdoms in the annals of Christianity.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>The Jesuit Accomplishment<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe Jesuits were linguists, explorers and ethnographers. They learned Indigenous languages and customs, developed dictionaries and grammars, translated and preserved much of the history and traditions in their documents. The most famous of these documents\r\n\tare the <a href=\"\/article\/jesuit-relations\/\">Jesuit relations<\/a>, which include details of their missions and activities and both the successes and failures of the Jesuits in their attempts to convert Indigenous peoples (see <a href=\"\/article\/ste-marie-among-the-hurons\/\">Ste Marie Among the Hurons<\/a>).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tOn 21 July 1773 the papal brief <em>Dominus ac Redemptor<\/em> suppressed the Society of Jesus throughout the world. Bishop of Qu\u00e9bec Jean-Olivier Briand in 1774 refused to put the order into effect, however. The Jesuits kept their name and religious\r\n\thabit in Qu\u00e9bec, and retained possession of their property. Since Britain refused to allow the Jesuits and R\u00e9collets to recruit new members and would not allow French priests to come to Canada, the numbers reduced as members of the order died. The last\r\n\tCanadian Jesuit, Father Jean-Joseph Casot, died at Qu\u00e9bec in 1800. Pope Pius VII reconstituted the order in 1814, and by 1842 Jesuits had reappeared in Qu\u00e9bec.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tA significant part of the Jesuits' earliest evangelical work involved education and the founding of parishes, schools and post-secondary institutions throughout Canada. The Jesuit seminary in Qu\u00e9bec (S\u00e9minaire de Qu\u00e9bec) was established in 1663. The institution\r\n\tcomprised the Grand S\u00e9minaire that educated men for the priesthood and the evangelical ministries, and the Petit S\u00e9minaire (1668) that was originally established for the education of students in New France who planned to attend the seminary. The Coll\u00e9ge\r\n\tdes J\u00e9suites evolved into Universit\u00e9 Laval. In 1848, Loyola College at Coll\u00e8ge Ste-Marie in Montr\u00e9al was founded as an English-language program of the Jesuit Society and in 1896 Loyola College became a distinct institution.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<a href=\"javascript:DisplayMedia('4330', '4330', '4330', 400, 266, 0, 0, 0);\" name=\"4330\"><\/a> Today, the Jesuit Society is the largest men's religious order in the Roman Catholic Church. In 2011 there were approximately 20 000 Jesuits worldwide with about 500 Canadian members divided equally between English and French in two juridical regions.\r\n\tCanadian Jesuits support the evangelical work of missions around the world.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tIn 2009, the Jesuit Archive in Canada opened in Montr\u00e9al. The archive documents the history of the Jesuits in Canada since 1611. The motto of the Jesuits is <em>Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam<\/em>, \"for the greater glory of God.\"\r\n<\/p>","slug":"jesuits","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2011-05-19T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2019-04-26T16:09:42.000000Z"},{"id":"82752540-a95a-4ddc-ad26-0a601892f662","article_id":"88088","title":"J\u00e9suites","summary":"La Compagnie de J\u00e9sus est fond\u00e9e \u00e0 Paris en 1534 par Saint Ignatius Loyola, soldat espagnol gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9 qui vit une profonde exp\u00e9rience religieuse pendant sa convalescence. Loyola nomma ainsi son ordre religieux en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 sa carri\u00e8re militaire. Approuv\u00e9 en 1537, l'ordre religieux put alors ordonner ses membres. Le nom de J\u00e9suites (qui signifie ceux qui \u00e9voquent fr\u00e9quemment le nom de J\u00e9sus) \u00e9tait d'abord utilis\u00e9 comme reproche contre l'ordre mais, avec le temps, fut accept\u00e9 par les membres.","body":"<div class=\"slider\"><div class=\"bxslider\"><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg\" title=\"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons\" alt=\"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/d5c6fd7f-4bd9-4e78-9601-d44125ab6f74.jpg\" title=\"Jesuit College\" alt=\"Jesuit College\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/12f880b3-9b71-40cd-be09-8a5ee30c5f7f.jpg\" title=\"Martyrdom of the Jesuits\" alt=\"Martyrdom of the Jesuits\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>La mission des J\u00e9suites<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tInspir\u00e9s par les \u00e9crits de leur fondateur (<em>Exercices spirituels<\/em>), les J\u00e9suites, qui se distinguent par leur ob\u00e9issance ind\u00e9fectible au pape, acqui\u00e8rent rapidement la r\u00e9putation d'\u00e9ducateurs de l'Europe : ils n'enseignent pas seulement les fondements\r\n\tde la foi catholique, mais aussi des sujets aussi divers que les classiques latins et la danse.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tLes J\u00e9suites se donnent comme mission d'enseigner au peuple ''le chemin du paradis'' et ils se d\u00e9clarent ''pr\u00eats \u00e0 mourir pour la gloire de Dieu et le salut des \u00e2mes''. En Nouvelle-France, ils poursuivent le but de ramener les \u00e2mes perdues vers la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9\r\n\tet pour ce faire, sont pr\u00eats \u00e0 affronter nombre de malheurs et m\u00eame \u00e0 verser de leur sang.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Arriv\u00e9e des premiers J\u00e9suites en Nouvelle-France<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tLes J\u00e9suites arrivent en Nouvelle-France, comme missionnaires, en 1611. Pierre Biard et Ennemond Mass\u00e9 arrivent \u00e0 Port-Royal le 22 mai, 1611. Chass\u00e9 d'Acadie par les Anglais, Ennemond Mass\u00e9 faisait partie du premier groupe de J\u00e9suites arriv\u00e9 au Qu\u00e9bec\r\n\ten juin 1625. Avec lui, se trouvaient <a href=\"\/article\/charles-lalemant\/\">Charles Lalemant<\/a>, <a href=\"\/article\/jean-de-brebeuf\/\">Jean de Br\u00e9beuf<\/a> et deux fr\u00e8res.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tJean de Br\u00e9beuf demeura plusieurs ann\u00e9es parmi les Hurons, apprenant leur langue et leur culture. Il accomplit aussi avec un succ\u00e8s relatif, nombre de missions en vue de convertir les peuples des Premi\u00e8res Nations \u00e0 la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9. Jean de Br\u00e9beuf croyait\r\n\tfermement qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par Dieu et avait une vision qui montrait sa fin, une mort violente au nom de Dieu. Le 16 mars 1649, les Iroquois, qui voulaient \u00e9radiquer la nation huronne, capturent Jean de Br\u00e9beuf et Gabriel Lalemant. Ils furent ramen\u00e9s\r\n\t\u00e0 Saint-Ignace et l\u00e0, souffrirent l'un des plus atroces martyr de l'histoire de la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Accomplissements des J\u00e9suites<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tLes J\u00e9suites \u00e9taient des linguistes, des explorateurs et des ethnographes. Ils apprirent les langues autochtones et les coutumes, r\u00e9dig\u00e8rent des dictionnaires et des grammaires, traduisirent et sauvegard\u00e8rent par leurs \u00e9crits, la plupart de leur histoire\r\n\tet de leurs traditions. Leurs textes les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres sont les <a href=\"\/article\/jesuit-relations\/\">relations des J\u00e9suites<\/a>, qui racontent en d\u00e9tail les succ\u00e8s et les \u00e9checs des J\u00e9suites dans leurs tentatives de convertir les peuples autochtones\r\n\t(voir <a href=\"\/article\/ste-marie-among-the-hurons\/\">Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons<\/a>).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<a href=\"javascript:DisplayMedia('4330', '4330', '4330', 400, 266, 0, 0, 0);\" name=\"4330\"><\/a> Le 21 juillet 1773, un bref apostolique, <em>Dominus ac Redemptor<\/em>, dissout la Compagnie de J\u00e9sus partout dans le monde. Cependant, en 1774, l'\u00e9v\u00eaque de Qu\u00e9bec, Jean-Olivier Briand refuse d'obtemp\u00e9rer \u00e0 l'ordre du pape. Par ce fait, les J\u00e9suites\r\n\tdu Qu\u00e9bec, gard\u00e8rent leur nom, leurs habits religieux de m\u00eame que leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s. Comme l'Angleterre refusait la permission aux J\u00e9suites et aux R\u00e9collets de recruter de nouveaux membres, et ne permettait pas aux pr\u00eatres fran\u00e7ais de venir au Canada,\r\n\tle nombre de membres se r\u00e9duisit au rythme des d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Le dernier J\u00e9suite canadien, le p\u00e8re Jean-Joseph Casot, s'\u00e9teignit \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec en 1800.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tEn 1814, le pape Pie VII reconstitue l'ordre et les J\u00e9suites sont de nouveau pr\u00e9sents au Qu\u00e9bec en 1842.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tUne grande partie des premi\u00e8res r\u00e9alisations \u00e9vang\u00e9liques des J\u00e9suites consiste dans l'enseignement ainsi que dans la fondation de paroisses, de maisons d'enseignements et d'\u00e9coles secondaires partout au Canada. Le s\u00e9minaire des J\u00e9suites de Qu\u00e9bec (S\u00e9minaire\r\n\tde Qu\u00e9bec) est fond\u00e9 en 1663. Cette institution est compos\u00e9e du Grand S\u00e9minaire, qui est vou\u00e9 \u00e0 la formation des hommes pour la pr\u00eatrise ou les minist\u00e8res \u00e9vang\u00e9liques, et du Petit S\u00e9minaire (1668), cr\u00e9\u00e9 \u00e0 l'origine pour former les \u00e9tudiants de la Nouvelle-France\r\n\tqui pr\u00e9voient poursuivre leurs \u00e9tudes au s\u00e9minaire. Le Coll\u00e8ge des J\u00e9suites devient par la suite l'Universit\u00e9 Laval. En 1848, le Coll\u00e8ge Loyola du Coll\u00e8ge Sainte-Marie, \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, est fond\u00e9 en tant que programme d'enseignement de l'anglais de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9\r\n\tdes J\u00e9suites. Le Coll\u00e8ge Loyola devient une institution autonome en 1896.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tDe nos jours, la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des J\u00e9suites est l'ordre religieux le plus important de l'\u00c9glise catholique romaine. En 2011, on compte 20 000 J\u00e9suites de par le monde, dont environ 500 au Canada, r\u00e9partis \u00e9quitablement en deux r\u00e9gions juridiques. Les J\u00e9suites\r\n\tdu Canada appuient le travail \u00e9vang\u00e9lique des missions \u0153uvrant partout dans le monde.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tEn 2009, le centre des archives j\u00e9suites du Canada ouvre ses portes \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al. Ses archives consignent l'histoire des J\u00e9suites au Canada depuis 1611. La devise des J\u00e9suites est <em>Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam <\/em>, \"Pour la plus grande gloire de Dieu\".\r\n<\/p>","slug":"jesuites","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2011-05-19T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2019-04-26T16:09:42.000000Z"}],"widgets":[],"links":[{"id":"992c95ba-b25f-48af-afe9-09e7605c08e4","article_id":"88088","body":"<p>\r\n\t <a href=\"http:\/\/archivesjesuites.ca\/fr\/\"><strong>Archives des j\u00e9suites au Canada<\/strong>Le site web des Archives des j\u00e9suites au Canada.<\/a>\r\n<\/p>","locale":"en"},{"id":"992c95ba-b54f-4a87-aabb-7c46bf2c95c8","article_id":"88088","body":"<p>\r\n\t <a href=\"http:\/\/jesuitarchives.ca\/en\/\"><strong>Archive of the Jesuits in Canada<\/strong>The Website of the Archive of the Jesuits in Canada. Click on \u201cExhibitions\u201d at the top of the page to access useful online resources.<\/a>\r\n<\/p>","locale":"en"}],"recommended_readings":[{"id":"992c95ba-acaf-4492-88d4-2249e0d11106","article_id":"88088","body":"<p>\r\n\t John OMalley, <em>The First Jesuits<\/em> (1992) and <em>The Jesuits: Culture, Science and the Arts, 1540-1773<\/em> (1999).\r\n<\/p>","locale":"en"},{"id":"992c95ba-af77-4676-8dda-bdb8cbdcbba8","article_id":"88088","body":"<p>\r\n\t John OMalley, <em>The First Jesuits<\/em> (1992) and <em>The Jesuits: Culture, Science and the Arts, 1540-1773<\/em> (1999).\r\n<\/p>","locale":"en"}],"tags":[],"sponsors":[],"translation":{"id":"717cddc8-9671-4f55-a56d-bd2acbf6e747","article_id":"88088","title":"Jesuits","summary":"The Society of Jesus was founded in Paris in 1534 by Saint Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish soldier who underwent a profound religious experience while recovering from serious wounds. Loyola called the society \"The Company of Jesus\" to indicate its military spirit. The order was authorized in September 1540 to ordain its members. The name \"Jesuits\" (meaning those who too frequently use or appropriate the name of Jesus) was used against the order as a term of reproach but in time was accepted by its members.","body":"<div class=\"slider\"><div class=\"bxslider\"><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg\" title=\"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons\" alt=\"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/d5c6fd7f-4bd9-4e78-9601-d44125ab6f74.jpg\" title=\"Jesuit College\" alt=\"Jesuit College\"><\/div><div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/12f880b3-9b71-40cd-be09-8a5ee30c5f7f.jpg\" title=\"Martyrdom of the Jesuits\" alt=\"Martyrdom of the Jesuits\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>The Jesuit Mission<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tSpurred by the inspirational writings of their founder and unswerving in their obedience to the papacy, the Jesuits quickly became known as the schoolmasters of Europe - teaching not only the tenets of the Catholic faith but also subjects as varied as\r\n\tthe Latin classics and dancing.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe Jesuits' mission was to teach people \"the way into heaven\" and they declared themselves \"ready to die for the honour of ...our good Lord and for the salvation of these poor people.\" In the New World, their goal was to bring lost souls to Christianity\r\n\tand they were willing to endure hardships and to shed their blood to succeed.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>The First Jesuits Arrive in New France<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<a href=\"javascript:DisplayMedia('584', '584', '584', 383, 300, 0, 0, 0);\" name=\"584\"><\/a> The Jesuits first came to New France as missionaries in 1611. Pierre Biard and Enemond Mass\u00e9 arrived at Port-Royal on 22 May 1611. Mass\u00e9 was driven out of Acadia by the English but was among the first group of Jesuits who arrived at Qu\u00e9bec in June\r\n\t1625. With him were <a href=\"\/article\/charles-lalemant\/\">Charles Lalemant<\/a>, <a href=\"\/article\/jean-de-brebeuf\/\">Jean de Br\u00e9beuf<\/a> and two lay brothers.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tBr\u00e9beuf spent many years among the Huron, learning their language and culture and building a number of missions that initially met with little success in converting the First Nations to Christianity. Br\u00e9beuf was convinced that he had been chosen by God\r\n\tand had a vision that he would die a violent death in His name. On 16 March 1649 the Iroquois, who were in the process of destroying the Huron nation, captured Br\u00e9beuf and Gabriel Lalemant. The two Jesuits were carried off to Saint-Ignace, where they\r\n\tsuffered one of the most atrocious martyrdoms in the annals of Christianity.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>The Jesuit Accomplishment<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe Jesuits were linguists, explorers and ethnographers. They learned Indigenous languages and customs, developed dictionaries and grammars, translated and preserved much of the history and traditions in their documents. The most famous of these documents\r\n\tare the <a href=\"\/article\/jesuit-relations\/\">Jesuit relations<\/a>, which include details of their missions and activities and both the successes and failures of the Jesuits in their attempts to convert Indigenous peoples (see <a href=\"\/article\/ste-marie-among-the-hurons\/\">Ste Marie Among the Hurons<\/a>).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tOn 21 July 1773 the papal brief <em>Dominus ac Redemptor<\/em> suppressed the Society of Jesus throughout the world. Bishop of Qu\u00e9bec Jean-Olivier Briand in 1774 refused to put the order into effect, however. The Jesuits kept their name and religious\r\n\thabit in Qu\u00e9bec, and retained possession of their property. Since Britain refused to allow the Jesuits and R\u00e9collets to recruit new members and would not allow French priests to come to Canada, the numbers reduced as members of the order died. The last\r\n\tCanadian Jesuit, Father Jean-Joseph Casot, died at Qu\u00e9bec in 1800. Pope Pius VII reconstituted the order in 1814, and by 1842 Jesuits had reappeared in Qu\u00e9bec.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tA significant part of the Jesuits' earliest evangelical work involved education and the founding of parishes, schools and post-secondary institutions throughout Canada. The Jesuit seminary in Qu\u00e9bec (S\u00e9minaire de Qu\u00e9bec) was established in 1663. The institution\r\n\tcomprised the Grand S\u00e9minaire that educated men for the priesthood and the evangelical ministries, and the Petit S\u00e9minaire (1668) that was originally established for the education of students in New France who planned to attend the seminary. The Coll\u00e9ge\r\n\tdes J\u00e9suites evolved into Universit\u00e9 Laval. In 1848, Loyola College at Coll\u00e8ge Ste-Marie in Montr\u00e9al was founded as an English-language program of the Jesuit Society and in 1896 Loyola College became a distinct institution.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<a href=\"javascript:DisplayMedia('4330', '4330', '4330', 400, 266, 0, 0, 0);\" name=\"4330\"><\/a> Today, the Jesuit Society is the largest men's religious order in the Roman Catholic Church. In 2011 there were approximately 20 000 Jesuits worldwide with about 500 Canadian members divided equally between English and French in two juridical regions.\r\n\tCanadian Jesuits support the evangelical work of missions around the world.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tIn 2009, the Jesuit Archive in Canada opened in Montr\u00e9al. The archive documents the history of the Jesuits in Canada since 1611. The motto of the Jesuits is <em>Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam<\/em>, \"for the greater glory of God.\"\r\n<\/p>","slug":"jesuits","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2011-05-19T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2019-04-26T16:09:42.000000Z"},"media":[{"id":"5387","disk":"s3","directory":"media\/media","filename":"16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be","extension":"jpg","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","aggregate_type":"image","size":100000,"variant_name":null,"original_media_id":null,"created_at":"2013-10-07T22:56:30.000000Z","updated_at":"2013-10-21T13:24:20.000000Z","title":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","alt":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","caption":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons: construction of the Jesuit mission, which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, began in 1639.","creator":"","source":"(courtesy Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Historical 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Site)"},{"id":"f5333ffb-75c0-4f61-a92a-677ddceecb29","media_id":"5387","title":"Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons","alt":"Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons","caption":"Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons : la construction de la mission j\u00e9suite, d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 la Vierge Marie, a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 1639.","creator":"","source":"(avec la permission du lieu historique de Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons)","locale":"fr","credit":"(avec la permission du lieu historique de Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons)"}]},{"id":"5387","disk":"s3","directory":"media\/media","filename":"16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be","extension":"jpg","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","aggregate_type":"image","size":100000,"variant_name":null,"original_media_id":null,"created_at":"2013-10-07T22:56:30.000000Z","updated_at":"2013-10-21T13:24:20.000000Z","title":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","alt":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","caption":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons: construction of the Jesuit mission, which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, began in 1639.","creator":"","source":"(courtesy Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Historical Site)","conversion_urls":{"original":"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg"},"url":"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg","credit":"(courtesy Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Historical Site)","pivot":{"mediable_id":"88088","media_id":"5387","mediable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","tag":"gallery","order":1},"translations":[{"id":"96d30784-f723-4eeb-94b0-5f98aded3405","media_id":"5387","title":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","alt":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","caption":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons: construction of the Jesuit mission, which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, began in 1639.","creator":"","source":"(courtesy Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Historical Site)","locale":"en","credit":"(courtesy Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Historical Site)"},{"id":"f5333ffb-75c0-4f61-a92a-677ddceecb29","media_id":"5387","title":"Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons","alt":"Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons","caption":"Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons : la construction de la mission j\u00e9suite, d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 la Vierge Marie, a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 1639.","creator":"","source":"(avec la permission du lieu historique de Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons)","locale":"fr","credit":"(avec la permission du lieu historique de Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons)"}]},{"id":"5387","disk":"s3","directory":"media\/media","filename":"16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be","extension":"jpg","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","aggregate_type":"image","size":100000,"variant_name":null,"original_media_id":null,"created_at":"2013-10-07T22:56:30.000000Z","updated_at":"2013-10-21T13:24:20.000000Z","title":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","alt":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","caption":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons: construction of the Jesuit mission, which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, began in 1639.","creator":"","source":"(courtesy Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Historical Site)","conversion_urls":{"original":"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg"},"url":"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg","credit":"(courtesy Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Historical Site)","pivot":{"mediable_id":"88088","media_id":"5387","mediable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","tag":"tweet","order":1},"translations":[{"id":"96d30784-f723-4eeb-94b0-5f98aded3405","media_id":"5387","title":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","alt":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","caption":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons: construction of the Jesuit mission, which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, began in 1639.","creator":"","source":"(courtesy Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Historical Site)","locale":"en","credit":"(courtesy Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Historical Site)"},{"id":"f5333ffb-75c0-4f61-a92a-677ddceecb29","media_id":"5387","title":"Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons","alt":"Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons","caption":"Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons : la construction de la mission j\u00e9suite, d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 la Vierge Marie, a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 1639.","creator":"","source":"(avec la permission du lieu historique de Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons)","locale":"fr","credit":"(avec la permission du lieu historique de Sainte-Marie-des-Hurons)"}]}],"related_collections":[]},"related_articles":[{"id":"76258","author_text":"John D. Blackwell","revisor":null,"major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":null,"indigo":null,"itunes_title_en":null,"itunes_title_fr":null,"indigo_title_en":null,"indigo_title_fr":null,"status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2008-02-27T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-05-28T16:12:58.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Benjamin Cronyn","slug":"benjamin-cronyn","alt_slug":null,"summary":"Benjamin Cronyn, first Anglican bishop of Huron (b at Kilkenny, Ire, 11 Jul 1802; d at London, Ont, 22 Sept 1871), father-in-law of Edward BLAKE and Samuel Hume BLAKE.","body":"<h3><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Benjamin Cronyn, first Anglican bishop of Huron (b at Kilkenny, Ire, 11 Jul 1802; d at London, Ont, 22 Sept 1871), father-in-law of <a href=\"\/article\/edward-blake\/\">Edward Blake<\/a> and <a href=\"\/article\/samuel-hume-blake\/\">Samuel Hume Blake<\/a>. Cronyn enjoyed a first-rate education at Kilkenny College and Trinity College in Dublin, earning the divinity prize and eventually 4 degrees at the latter. During his formative years, he came under the indelible influence of the Reverend Peter Roe, a leading Irish evangelical. Cronyn moved to Upper Canada late in 1832 as a missionary under the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. He was soon licensed to St Paul's Church, London, and from the outset he figured formidably in that largely Irish Protestant community. A man of extraordinary physical stamina, he laboured assiduously among his backwoods parishioners and the garrison. Around him, Cronyn systematically constructed an \"Irish Compact,\" a phalanx of aggressive low-church evangelicalism which harassed the high-church stronghold of Bishop <a href=\"\/article\/john-strachan\/\">John Strachan<\/a> of Toronto.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t In 1857, Dr Cronyn (as he had become in 1855) was elected first Bishop of Huron and consecrated at Lambeth Palace. His elevation to the episcopate established 2 important precedents in Canadian church government: he was the first bishop in the British Empire to be elected by a diocesan synod of lay and clerical representatives (previously colonial bishops had been appointed from England); and consequently he was \"the last Canadian bishop required to go to England for consecration.\"\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Cronyn further augmented his position in 1863 by establishing Huron College, a low-church theological school in his see-city of London, On. The college served not only as Cronyn's counterplot to the \"unsound and un-Protestant\" teachings of Strachan's Trinity College in Toronto, but also as the founding college of the University of Western Ontario.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t So vigorously and solidly did Bishop Cronyn promote his form of \"extreme Protestant\" <a href=\"\/article\/anglicanism\/\">Anglicanism<\/a> that its stamp remains evident on the church in southwestern Ontario and indeed elsewhere. A churchman of unflinching fundamentalist convictions, the ambitious Irish cobbler's son also proved a skilful steward of those 2 keys to worldly success - politics and business. His descendants include the distinguished actor <a href=\"\/article\/hume-cronyn\/\">Hume Cronyn<\/a>.\r\n<\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"pivot":{"model_id":"88088","relatable_id":"76258","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","position":1},"translations":[{"id":"402df3ec-7faf-496d-a392-0dc000b4d584","article_id":"76258","title":"Benjamin Cronyn","summary":"Benjamin Cronyn, first Anglican bishop of Huron (b at Kilkenny, Ire, 11 Jul 1802; d at London, Ont, 22 Sept 1871), father-in-law of Edward BLAKE and Samuel Hume BLAKE.","body":"<h3><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Benjamin Cronyn, first Anglican bishop of Huron (b at Kilkenny, Ire, 11 Jul 1802; d at London, Ont, 22 Sept 1871), father-in-law of <a href=\"\/article\/edward-blake\/\">Edward Blake<\/a> and <a href=\"\/article\/samuel-hume-blake\/\">Samuel Hume Blake<\/a>. Cronyn enjoyed a first-rate education at Kilkenny College and Trinity College in Dublin, earning the divinity prize and eventually 4 degrees at the latter. During his formative years, he came under the indelible influence of the Reverend Peter Roe, a leading Irish evangelical. Cronyn moved to Upper Canada late in 1832 as a missionary under the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. He was soon licensed to St Paul's Church, London, and from the outset he figured formidably in that largely Irish Protestant community. A man of extraordinary physical stamina, he laboured assiduously among his backwoods parishioners and the garrison. Around him, Cronyn systematically constructed an \"Irish Compact,\" a phalanx of aggressive low-church evangelicalism which harassed the high-church stronghold of Bishop <a href=\"\/article\/john-strachan\/\">John Strachan<\/a> of Toronto.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t In 1857, Dr Cronyn (as he had become in 1855) was elected first Bishop of Huron and consecrated at Lambeth Palace. His elevation to the episcopate established 2 important precedents in Canadian church government: he was the first bishop in the British Empire to be elected by a diocesan synod of lay and clerical representatives (previously colonial bishops had been appointed from England); and consequently he was \"the last Canadian bishop required to go to England for consecration.\"\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Cronyn further augmented his position in 1863 by establishing Huron College, a low-church theological school in his see-city of London, On. The college served not only as Cronyn's counterplot to the \"unsound and un-Protestant\" teachings of Strachan's Trinity College in Toronto, but also as the founding college of the University of Western Ontario.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t So vigorously and solidly did Bishop Cronyn promote his form of \"extreme Protestant\" <a href=\"\/article\/anglicanism\/\">Anglicanism<\/a> that its stamp remains evident on the church in southwestern Ontario and indeed elsewhere. A churchman of unflinching fundamentalist convictions, the ambitious Irish cobbler's son also proved a skilful steward of those 2 keys to worldly success - politics and business. His descendants include the distinguished actor <a href=\"\/article\/hume-cronyn\/\">Hume Cronyn<\/a>.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"benjamin-cronyn","alt_slug":null,"twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2008-02-27T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-05-28T16:12:58.000000Z"},{"id":"dfaf8134-d448-4bf8-94de-e29e42c343e7","article_id":"76258","title":"Benjamin Cronyn","summary":"Benjamin Cronyn, premier \u00e9v\u00eaque anglican de Huron (Kilkenny, Irlande, 11 juill. 1802 -- London, Ont., 22 sept. 1871). Il est le beau-p\u00e8re d'Edward BLAKE et de Samuel Hume BLAKE.","body":"<h3><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Benjamin Cronyn, premier \u00e9v\u00eaque anglican de Huron (Kilkenny, Irlande, 11 juill. 1802 -- London, Ont., 22 sept. 1871). Il est le beau-p\u00e8re d'<a href=\"\/article\/edward-blake\/\">Edward Blake<\/a> et de <a href=\"\/article\/samuel-hume-blake\/\">Samuel Hume Blake<\/a>. Cronyn re\u00e7oit une excellente \u00e9ducation au Kilkenny College, puis au Trinity College de Dublin, o\u00f9 il remportera le prix de th\u00e9ologie et obtiendra ensuite quatre dipl\u00f4mes. Pendant ses ann\u00e9es de formation, le r\u00e9v\u00e9rend Peter Roe, \u00e9vang\u00e9liste irlandais r\u00e9put\u00e9, exerce sur lui une influence ineffa\u00e7able. Vers la fin de 1832, la Society for the Propagation of the Gospel envoie Cronyn au Haut-Canada en tant que missionnaire. Il est bient\u00f4t affect\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9glise St. Paul de London et devient imm\u00e9diatement une figure dominante dans cette ville, dont une grande partie de la population est irlandaise et protestante. D'une vigueur physique extraordinaire, il travaille sans rel\u00e2che aupr\u00e8s de ses paroissiens de l'arri\u00e8re-pays et aupr\u00e8s de la garnison. Cronyn s'entoure syst\u00e9matiquement d'une \u00ab troupe d'Irlandais \u00bb, \u00e9quipe dynamique d'\u00e9vang\u00e9listes du bas clerg\u00e9 qui harc\u00e8lent le bastion du haut clerg\u00e9, dirig\u00e9 par l'\u00e9v\u00eaque <a href=\"\/article\/john-strachan\/\">John Strachan<\/a>, de Toronto.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu un doctorat en 1855, Cronyn est \u00e9lu premier \u00e9v\u00eaque de Huron en 1857 et consacr\u00e9 au palais de Lambeth. Son \u00e9l\u00e9vation \u00e0 l'\u00e9piscopat \u00e9tablit deux importants pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents dans l'administration de l'\u00c9glise canadienne. En effet, il est le premier \u00e9v\u00eaque de l'Empire britannique \u00e0 \u00eatre \u00e9lu par un synode dioc\u00e9sain compos\u00e9 de repr\u00e9sentants du la\u00efcat et du clerg\u00e9 (les \u00e9v\u00eaques des colonies \u00e9taient auparavant nomm\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s anglaises) et, en cons\u00e9quence, il est \u00ab le dernier \u00e9v\u00eaque canadien \u00e0 devoir aller se faire consacrer en Angleterre \u00bb.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Cronyn renforce encore sa position en 1863 en fondant le Huron College, une \u00e9cole th\u00e9ologique du bas clerg\u00e9, dans sa ville \u00e9piscopale de London (Ontario). Non seulement ce coll\u00e8ge seconde Cronyn dans sa lutte contre l'enseignement \u00ab boiteux et anti-protestant \u00bb du Trinity College de Strachan \u00e0 Toronto, mais il est aussi \u00e0 l'origine de l'U. de Western Ontario.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'\u00e9v\u00eaque Cronyn fait une propagande si \u00e9nergique en faveur de son <a href=\"\/article\/anglicanism\/\">anglicanisme<\/a> \u00ab ultra-protestant \u00bb que son empreinte demeure tr\u00e8s visible dans l'\u00c9glise du Sud-Ouest de l'Ontario et m\u00eame d'ailleurs. De tendance r\u00e9solument fondamentaliste, ce fils ambitieux d'un cordonnier irlandais sait \u00e9galement utiliser habilement les deux cl\u00e9s de la r\u00e9ussite mat\u00e9rielle : la politique et les affaires. L'un de ses descendants est le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre acteur <a href=\"\/article\/hume-cronyn\/\">Hume Cronyn<\/a>.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"cronyn-benjamin","alt_slug":null,"twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2008-02-27T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-05-28T16:12:58.000000Z"}]}],"associated_collections":[]}" header="Content" ></article-sidebar> </div> <div class="main-content"> <input class="js-picture-information" type="hidden" value="[{"filename":"12f880b3-9b71-40cd-be09-8a5ee30c5f7f","title":"Martyrdom of the Jesuits","alt":"Martyrdom of the Jesuits","source":"(courtesy Library and Archives Canada).","creator":null,"caption":"This composite view of the torture and death of the blackrobes of Huronia (Gabriel Lalemant left and Jean de Br\u00e9beuf right) in 1649 was one of the most powerful images distributed of the New World, not least for its value as propaganda."},{"filename":"16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be","title":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","alt":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons","source":"(courtesy Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Historical Site)","creator":"","caption":"Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons: construction of the Jesuit mission, which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, began in 1639."},{"filename":"d5c6fd7f-4bd9-4e78-9601-d44125ab6f74","title":"Jesuit College","alt":"Jesuit College","source":"(courtesy Library and Archives Canada\/C-354)","creator":null,"caption":"A view of the cathedral, Jesuit College and Recollect Friars Church (Qu\u00e9bec), circa 1761, watercolour by Richard Short. 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Loyola called the society "The Company of Jesus" to indicate its military spirit. The order was authorized in September 1540 to ordain its members. The name "Jesuits" (meaning those who too frequently use or appropriate the name of Jesus) was used against the order as a term of reproach but in time was accepted by its members. </div> <div class="article-content-body"> <div id="article-content-def"> <div class="slider"><div class="bxslider"><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/16b8b94b-0ca0-468a-8f8f-09141c3462be.jpg" title="Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons" alt="Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons"></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d5c6fd7f-4bd9-4e78-9601-d44125ab6f74.jpg" title="Jesuit College" alt="Jesuit College"></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/12f880b3-9b71-40cd-be09-8a5ee30c5f7f.jpg" title="Martyrdom of the Jesuits" alt="Martyrdom of the Jesuits"></div></div></div> <h3>The Jesuit Mission</h3> <p> Spurred by the inspirational writings of their founder and unswerving in their obedience to the papacy, the Jesuits quickly became known as the schoolmasters of Europe - teaching not only the tenets of the Catholic faith but also subjects as varied as the Latin classics and dancing. </p> <p> The Jesuits' mission was to teach people "the way into heaven" and they declared themselves "ready to die for the honour of ...our good Lord and for the salvation of these poor people." In the New World, their goal was to bring lost souls to Christianity and they were willing to endure hardships and to shed their blood to succeed. </p> <h3>The First Jesuits Arrive in New France</h3> <p> <a href="javascript:DisplayMedia('584', '584', '584', 383, 300, 0, 0, 0);" name="584"></a> The Jesuits first came to New France as missionaries in 1611. Pierre Biard and Enemond Massé arrived at Port-Royal on 22 May 1611. Massé was driven out of Acadia by the English but was among the first group of Jesuits who arrived at Québec in June 1625. With him were <a href="/article/charles-lalemant/">Charles Lalemant</a>, <a href="/article/jean-de-brebeuf/">Jean de Brébeuf</a> and two lay brothers. </p> <p> Brébeuf spent many years among the Huron, learning their language and culture and building a number of missions that initially met with little success in converting the First Nations to Christianity. Brébeuf was convinced that he had been chosen by God and had a vision that he would die a violent death in His name. On 16 March 1649 the Iroquois, who were in the process of destroying the Huron nation, captured Brébeuf and Gabriel Lalemant. The two Jesuits were carried off to Saint-Ignace, where they suffered one of the most atrocious martyrdoms in the annals of Christianity. </p> <h3>The Jesuit Accomplishment</h3> <p> The Jesuits were linguists, explorers and ethnographers. They learned Indigenous languages and customs, developed dictionaries and grammars, translated and preserved much of the history and traditions in their documents. The most famous of these documents are the <a href="/article/jesuit-relations/">Jesuit relations</a>, which include details of their missions and activities and both the successes and failures of the Jesuits in their attempts to convert Indigenous peoples (see <a href="/article/ste-marie-among-the-hurons/">Ste Marie Among the Hurons</a>). </p> <p> On 21 July 1773 the papal brief <em>Dominus ac Redemptor</em> suppressed the Society of Jesus throughout the world. Bishop of Québec Jean-Olivier Briand in 1774 refused to put the order into effect, however. The Jesuits kept their name and religious habit in Québec, and retained possession of their property. Since Britain refused to allow the Jesuits and Récollets to recruit new members and would not allow French priests to come to Canada, the numbers reduced as members of the order died. The last Canadian Jesuit, Father Jean-Joseph Casot, died at Québec in 1800. Pope Pius VII reconstituted the order in 1814, and by 1842 Jesuits had reappeared in Québec. </p> <p> A significant part of the Jesuits' earliest evangelical work involved education and the founding of parishes, schools and post-secondary institutions throughout Canada. The Jesuit seminary in Québec (Séminaire de Québec) was established in 1663. The institution comprised the Grand Séminaire that educated men for the priesthood and the evangelical ministries, and the Petit Séminaire (1668) that was originally established for the education of students in New France who planned to attend the seminary. The Collége des Jésuites evolved into Université Laval. In 1848, Loyola College at Collège Ste-Marie in Montréal was founded as an English-language program of the Jesuit Society and in 1896 Loyola College became a distinct institution. </p> <p> <a href="javascript:DisplayMedia('4330', '4330', '4330', 400, 266, 0, 0, 0);" name="4330"></a> Today, the Jesuit Society is the largest men's religious order in the Roman Catholic Church. In 2011 there were approximately 20 000 Jesuits worldwide with about 500 Canadian members divided equally between English and French in two juridical regions. Canadian Jesuits support the evangelical work of missions around the world. </p> <p> In 2009, the Jesuit Archive in Canada opened in Montréal. The archive documents the history of the Jesuits in Canada since 1611. The motto of the Jesuits is <em>Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam</em>, "for the greater glory of God." </p> </div> </div> <div id="def" class="article-content-body hide"></div> </div> <div id="article-definitions"> <definitions route="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/json/define" id="jesuits"></definitions> </div> <div class="article-widget widget-adsense"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:468px;height:60px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3964766461879185" data-ad-slot="1946780682"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="article-widget widget-itunes"> <div class="title-container"> <h3>Read More // The Jesuits</h3> </div> <div> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://www.awltovhc.com/widget-53764be9e4b031b4075be740-7406579?target=_top&mouseover=Y"></script> </div> </div> </article> </main> <div id="modal-overlay" class="overlay"></div> <div id="article-image" class="article-img-modal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="article-modal-title"> <button class="article-img-modal__close" aria-label="close image modal"></button> <div id="js-article-modal-image" class="article-img-modal__container"> <div class="image-container"> <img class="article-img-modal__img" src="" alt=""> </div> <div class="text-container"> <span role="heading" aria-level="3" id="article-modal-title" class="article-img-modal__title"></span> <span class="article-img-modal__description"></span> <span class="article-img-modal__creator"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-grid article-related"> <div id="further_reading" class="article-related-two-column main-grid__content--wide"> <h3 class="article-related-two-column__title">Further Reading</h3> <ul class="article-related-two-column__list"> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> John OMalley, <em>The First Jesuits</em> (1992) and <em>The Jesuits: Culture, Science and the Arts, 1540-1773</em> (1999). </p></li> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> John OMalley, <em>The First Jesuits</em> (1992) and <em>The Jesuits: Culture, Science and the Arts, 1540-1773</em> (1999). </p></li> </ul> </div> <div id="external_links" class="article-related-two-column main-grid__content--wide"> <h3 class="article-related-two-column__title">External Links</h3> <ul class="article-related-two-column__list"> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> <a href="http://archivesjesuites.ca/fr/"><strong>Archives des jésuites au Canada</strong>Le site web des Archives des jésuites au Canada.</a> </p></li> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> <a href="http://jesuitarchives.ca/en/"><strong>Archive of the Jesuits in Canada</strong>The Website of the Archive of the Jesuits in Canada. Click on “Exhibitions” at the top of the page to access useful online resources.</a> </p></li> </ul> </div>   <div class="callouts-layout main-grid__content--full"> <h3 id="recommended" class="callouts-layout__title">Recommended</h3> <div class="callouts-layout__grid"> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/benjamin-cronyn" > Benjamin Cronyn </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" alt="" class="image-container__image" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="footer"> <div class="full-width footer-first-part"> <div class="wrap--narrow"> <div class="footer-information grid--col2"> <div class="divider"> <h6>Updates? Omissions? 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Jesuits | The Canadian Encyclopedia