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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Józef Światło</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jozef_Swiatlo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jozef_Swiatlo.jpg/130px-Jozef_Swiatlo.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jozef_Swiatlo.jpg/195px-Jozef_Swiatlo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jozef_Swiatlo.jpg/260px-Jozef_Swiatlo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2899" data-file-height="3756" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Józef Światło in 1952</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Izaak Fleischfarb</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-01-01</span>)</span>1 January 1915<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Raion" title="Ternopil Raion">Medyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Galicia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 September 1994<span style="display:none">(1994-09-02)</span> (aged 79)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Izaak Lichtstein</li> <li>Izak Fleischfarb</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Interrogator, deputy director</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Public Security (Poland)">Ministry of Public Security (UB)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Józef Światło</b>, born <b>Izaak Fleischfarb</b> (1 January 1915 – 2 September 1994), was a high-ranking official in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Security of Poland">Ministry of Public Security of Poland</a> (UB) who served as deputy director of the 10th Department run by <a href="/wiki/Anatol_Fejgin" title="Anatol Fejgin">Anatol Fejgin</a>. Known for supervising the torture of political prisoners, he was nicknamed "the Butcher" by the detainees.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the 1953 death of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> and arrest of <a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a>, Światło traveled to <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> on official business. While on the Berlin subway with Fejgin, passing through <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a>, on 5 December 1953, he "slipped away" and defected to the West.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afterwards he worked for the American <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a>. Światło's written and broadcast denunciations shook the <a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Polish United Workers' Party</a>. This ultimately contributed to post-Stalinist reforms of the Polish security apparatus and to Poland's political liberalisation in the socialist <a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a> revolution. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Józef Światło was born on 1 January 1915 as Izaak Fleischfarb (also Fleichfarb, Licht, or Lichtstein, sources vary),<sup id="cite_ref-a_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into a <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> family in Medyn village near <a href="/wiki/Zbarazh" title="Zbarazh">Zbarazh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Galicia</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> he was first a <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> and later, a communist activist. He was arrested twice for his illegal activities.<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conscripted in 1939, he served in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Army">Polish Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_6th_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish 6th Infantry Division">Polish 6th Infantry Division</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the <a href="/wiki/Polish_September_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish September Campaign">German invasion</a> that year.<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taken prisoner by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germans</a>, he escaped, only to be taken prisoner by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland_(1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)">invaded</a> <a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Eastern Poland</a> where his family lived and was <a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_Polish_citizens_by_the_occupiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of Polish citizens by the occupiers">deported east along with hundreds of thousands of others</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also in that period that, on 26 April 1943, he married Justyna Światło, taking her more Polish-sounding surname.<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Światło eventually joined the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Forces_in_the_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Forces in the East">Polish Forces in the East</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_1st_Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division">Polish 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/First_Polish_Army_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="First Polish Army (1944–1945)">Berling's Army</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming a <a href="/wiki/Political_commissar" title="Political commissar">political officer</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was also promoted to junior lieutenant (<i><a href="/wiki/Podporuchik" title="Podporuchik">podporucznik</a></i>) and became involved in organising state administration in areas taken from the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, he was transferred to the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Security of Poland">Ministry of Public Security of Poland</a> (officially MBP, but commonly abbreviated to UB).<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his work, Światło, like many other communist secret police agents, used <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> and forgery.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was involved in arresting hundreds of members of Polish underground organization, <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a>, its leadership (the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Sixteen" title="Trial of the Sixteen">Trial of the Sixteen</a>) and falsifying of the <a href="/wiki/1946_Polish_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1946 Polish referendum">1946 Polish referendum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rzecz1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzecz1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In time he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a> (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">podpułkownik</i></span>) and served in various offices and departments. In 1951 he ended up in the 10th Department,<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he was one of the leading officers. The 10th Department was responsible for handling the Party members themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received orders personally from the <a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Bolesław Bierut</a>, and arrested such notable people as politicians <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Gomu%C5%82ka" title="Władysław Gomułka">Władysław Gomułka</a><sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Marian_Spychalski" title="Marian Spychalski">Marian Spychalski</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-rzecz1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzecz1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Rola-%C5%BBymierski" title="Michał Rola-Żymierski">Michał Rola-Żymierski</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Wyszy%C5%84ski" title="Stefan Wyszyński">Stefan Wyszyński</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had access – sometimes unique – to many secret documents. He interrogated <a href="/wiki/Noel_Field" title="Noel Field">Noel Field</a> on 27 August 1949 in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> as well as his brother, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman Field (page does not exist)">Herman Field</a> (a US citizen who went to Poland to look for his brother). Herman would be secretly imprisoned for five years, until the information on him was revealed - by Światło himself.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defection_to_the_West">Defection to the West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Defection to the West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1953, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Bolesław Bierut</a> asked <a href="/wiki/Politburo" title="Politburo">Politburo</a> member <a href="/wiki/Jakub_Berman" title="Jakub Berman">Jakub Berman</a> to send Światło on an important mission to <a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a>. Światło, deputy head of UB's 10th Department, together with Colonel <a href="/wiki/Anatol_Fejgin" title="Anatol Fejgin">Anatol Fejgin</a>, were asked to consult with <a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Erich_Mielke" title="Erich Mielke">Erich Mielke</a> about eliminating <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanda_Bro%C5%84ska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanda Brońska (page does not exist)">Wanda Brońska</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanda_Bro%C5%84ska" class="extiw" title="pl:Wanda Brońska">pl</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Światło, however, after the death of Stalin in March 1953 and arrest of <a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a> in June that year, became afraid for his own life.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He suspected that Bierut in Poland might turn on him and other members of the Ministry, attempting to make them into scapegoats.<sup id="cite_ref-rzecz1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzecz1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two officers traveled to Berlin and spoke with Mielke. On 5 December 1953, the day after meeting the Stasi chief, Światło defected to the U.S. military mission in <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left family, including a wife and two children, in Poland. The next day, American military authorities transported Światło to <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> and by Christmas he had been flown to Washington, D.C., where he underwent an extensive debriefing.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been reported that his interrogations were compiled into about fifty long reports.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States gave him political asylum with the full knowledge that "he would have to be protected for the rest of his life because the number of his victims and relatives of victims sworn to exact retribution was so great."<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Światło's defection was revealed in Poland by the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Press_Agency" title="Polish Press Agency">Polish Press Agency</a> on 25 October 1954,<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Światło labelled a <a href="/wiki/Traitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Traitor">traitor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agent_provocateur" title="Agent provocateur">provocateur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was widely publicised in the United States and Europe by the US authorities, as well as in Poland via <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a> (RFE), embarrassing the Communist authorities in Warsaw. The first international press conference with Światło took place on 28 September 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had intimate knowledge of the internal politics of the Polish government, especially the activities of the various secret services. Over the course of the following months, US newspapers and RFE (in the "Behind the Scenes of the Secret Police and the Party" cycle) reported extensively on political repression in Poland based on Światło's revelations.<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Culture_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Culture-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Capitalising on them, in what was known as "Operation Spotlight", RFE broadcast some 140 interviews by Światło, and 30 programs on him.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Światło's RFE broadcasts were not only serialized but even distributed over Poland by special <a href="/wiki/Balloon" title="Balloon">balloons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Światło detailed the torture of prisoners under interrogation and politically motivated executions and struggles inside the <a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Polish United Workers' Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of the Polish Communists' intelligence, counterintelligence and public security agencies escaped unscathed and without some of their secrets being revealed.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highly publicised defection of Colonel Światło, not to mention the general hatred of the Ministry of Public Security among Poles, led to changes in late 1954, as first the 10th Department and soon the entire Ministry was broken up and reorganised; many officials were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mach_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mach-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Światło's scandal contributed to the events of political liberalisation in Poland, known as the <a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mach_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mach-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a long time, it was uncertain if Światło was dead or still alive.<sup id="cite_ref-rzecz1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzecz1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Information on him was protected by the US <a href="/wiki/Witness_protection" title="Witness protection">witness protection</a> program; there were rumours that he died in the late 1960s, 1975 or 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-rzecz1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzecz1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the United States government stated that he had died on 2 September 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-rzecz2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzecz2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Documents relating to him are still classified in the United States and not available to researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-rzecz1_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzecz1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Polonia_Restituta_Kawalerski_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_Polonia_Restituta_Kawalerski_BAR.svg/110px-POL_Polonia_Restituta_Kawalerski_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_Polonia_Restituta_Kawalerski_BAR.svg/165px-POL_Polonia_Restituta_Kawalerski_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_Polonia_Restituta_Kawalerski_BAR.svg/220px-POL_Polonia_Restituta_Kawalerski_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg/110px-POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg/165px-POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg/220px-POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Srebrny_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/POL_Srebrny_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg/110px-POL_Srebrny_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/POL_Srebrny_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg/165px-POL_Srebrny_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/POL_Srebrny_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg/220px-POL_Srebrny_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Knight's Cross of <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Polonia_Restituta" title="Order of Polonia Restituta">Order of Polonia Restituta</a><sup id="cite_ref-:award_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:award-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Merit_(Poland)" title="Cross of Merit (Poland)">Gold Cross of Merit</a><sup id="cite_ref-:award_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:award-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Silver Cross of Merit<sup id="cite_ref-:award_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:award-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_defectors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Eastern Bloc defectors">List of Eastern Bloc defectors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources vary in giving his original surname. IPN lists it as Fleischfarb, noting that this name was used by Światło himself in some documents;<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this name is used most commonly in the sources. Several sources, such as Gluchowski, use an alternative spelling - Fleichfarb.<sup id="cite_ref-HI_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piotrowski and several other sources also list one or two other name variants, namely: Licht and Lichtstein.<sup id="cite_ref-Piotrowski1998_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piotrowski1998-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HI_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGluchowski1999" class="citation journal cs1">Gluchowski, L.W. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100622190732/http://ece.columbia.edu/research/intermarium/vol3no2/gluchowski.pdf">"The defection of Jozef Swiatlo and the Search for Jewish Scapegoats in the Polish United Workers' Party, 1953-1954"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Intermarium</i>. <b>3</b> (2). Archived from the original on 22 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2015</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intermarium&rft.atitle=The+defection+of+Jozef+Swiatlo+and+the+Search+for+Jewish+Scapegoats+in+the+Polish+United+Workers%27+Party%2C+1953-1954&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Gluchowski&rft.aufirst=L.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fece.columbia.edu%2Fresearch%2Fintermarium%2Fvol3no2%2Fgluchowski.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B3zef+%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPN_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Polish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipn.gov.pl/palm/pl/203/1587/">Józef Światło - biography, photos, documents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101119020436/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/palm/pl/203/1587/">Archived</a> 19 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance" title="Institute of National Remembrance">Institute of National Remembrance</a>. Retrieved 6 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piotrowski1998-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Piotrowski1998_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTadeusz_Piotrowski1998" class="citation book cs1">Tadeusz Piotrowski (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IjC1AAAAIAAJ"><i>Poland's holocaust: ethnic strife, collaboration with occupying forces and genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947</i></a>. McFarland. p. 313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0371-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0371-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-0371-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poland%27s+holocaust%3A+ethnic+strife%2C+collaboration+with+occupying+forces+and+genocide+in+the+Second+Republic%2C+1918-1947&rft.pages=313&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0371-4&rft.au=Tadeusz+Piotrowski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIjC1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B3zef+%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rzecz1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rzecz1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzecz1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzecz1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzecz1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzecz1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzecz1_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Polish)</span> Piotr Zychowicz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rp.pl/artykul/153227,235912_Poszukiwany_Jozef_Swiatlo.html"><i>Poszukiwany Józef Światło</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Rzeczpospolita" title="Rzeczpospolita">Rzeczpospolita</a>, 18 December 2008. Retrieved 6 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Culture-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Culture_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jan Skorzynski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://culture.pl/en/article/1956-a-european-date-annus-mirabilis-1956">"1956 - a european date" From Thaw to Restoration: A Chronology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070623030919/http://www.culture.pl/en/culture/artykuly/es_1956_kalendarium">Archived</a> 23 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 13 April 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Polish)</span> Leszek Szymowski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kiosk/historia/brawurowa-ucieczka-najslynniejszego-zbiega,1,4155255,kiosk-wiadomosc.html">Brawurowa ucieczka najsłynniejszego zbiega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onet.pl" title="Onet.pl">Onet.pl</a>, 26 January 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mach-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mach_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mach_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Machcewicz" title="Paweł Machcewicz">Paweł Machcewicz</a>, "Social Protest and Political Crisis in 1956", which appears on pp. 99-118 of <i>Stalinism in Poland</i>, 1944-1956, ed. and tr. by A. Kemp-Welch, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-22644-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-22644-6">0-312-22644-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rzecz2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rzecz2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Polish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rp.pl/artykul/153227,431755.html"><i>Światło zmarł w 1994 roku</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Rzeczpospolita" title="Rzeczpospolita">Rzeczpospolita</a>, 18 December 2008. Retrieved 6 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:award-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:award_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:award_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:award_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaczkowski2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paczkowski, Andrzej (2009). <i>Trzy twarze Józefa Światły</i> (in Polish). Warsaw. pp. 93, 98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trzy+twarze+J%C3%B3zefa+%C5%9Awiat%C5%82y&rft.pages=93%2C+98&rft.pub=Warsaw&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Paczkowski&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B3zef+%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sobor-Swiderska A., "Jozef Swiatlo - Myth and Reality", <i>Studia Historyczne</i> (Historical Studies), year: 2006, vol: 49, number: 1(193), pages: 41–63, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095943/http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?06PLAAAA01373073">(abstract).</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Polish)</span> Zbigniew Błażyński: <i>Mówi Józef Światło. Za kulisami bezpieki i partii 1940–1955</i> [Józef Światło Speaks. Behind the Scenes of Secret Police and Party 1940-1955]. Wydawnictwo LTW, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-88736-34-5" title="Special:BookSources/83-88736-34-5">83-88736-34-5</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Polish)</span> Roger Faligot, Remi Kauffer, <i>Służby specjalne</i> [Special services], ISKRY, Warsaw 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-207-1477-X" title="Special:BookSources/83-207-1477-X">83-207-1477-X</a>, originally in French: Roger Faligot, Remi Kauffer, <i>Histoire mondiale du renseignement 1870-1939</i> <i>Les maitres espions. Histoire mondiale du renseignement. De la guerre froide a nos jours</i>. Editions Robert Laffont SA, Paris 1993, 1994</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj4pv4qRw6qTwg7PBjBfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/127386173">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84065356">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb112490448">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb112490448">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20090907029&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p244201390">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810608793505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277304205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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