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id="toc-Early–mid_1980s:_Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_1980s–1990s:_Shoegaze_scene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_1980s–1990s:_Shoegaze_scene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Late 1980s–1990s: Shoegaze scene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_1980s–1990s:_Shoegaze_scene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s:_Contemporary_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s:_Contemporary_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>2000s: Contemporary developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s:_Contemporary_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of artists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dream pop</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droompop" title="Droompop – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Droompop" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Дрым-поп – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дрым-поп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_Pop" title="Dream Pop – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dream Pop" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="دریم پاپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریم پاپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%BC_%ED%8C%9D" title="드림 팝 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="드림 팝" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4" title="דרים פופ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרים פופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C4%ABmpops" title="Drīmpops – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Drīmpops" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreampop" title="Dreampop – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dreampop" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%83%E3%83%97" title="ドリーム・ポップ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドリーム・ポップ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Дрим-поп – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дрим-поп" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreampop" title="Dreampop – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dreampop" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%B6mpop" title="Drömpop – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Drömpop" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B" title="ดรีมป็อป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดรีมป็อป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Дрим-поп – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дрим-поп" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dream pop" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Dream pop</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-psychedelia" title="Neo-psychedelia">neo-psychedelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethereal_wave" title="Ethereal wave">ethereal wave</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bernard2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernard2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">gothic rock</a><sup id="cite_ref-goth_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goth-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indie music">indie music</a><sup id="cite_ref-reverb.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reverb.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1980s, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">chillwave</a><sup id="cite_ref-weiss2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weiss2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">Ambient pop</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ambient_pop_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambient_pop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dream_pop_artists" title="List of dream pop artists">List of dream pop artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">indie pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_pop" title="Psychedelic pop">psychedelic pop</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dream pop</b> (also typeset as <b>dreampop</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-chillinp4k_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chillinp4k-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a><sup id="cite_ref-AMDreampop_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMDreampop-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-psychedelia" title="Neo-psychedelia">neo-psychedelia</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReynoldsNYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that emphasizes atmosphere and sonic texture as much as <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> melody. Common characteristics include breathy vocals, dense productions, and effects such as <a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">reverb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echo" title="Echo">echo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tremolo_(electronic_effect)" title="Tremolo (electronic effect)">tremolo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chorus_(audio_effect)" title="Chorus (audio effect)">chorus</a>. It often overlaps with the related genre of <a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">shoegaze</a>, and the two genre terms have at times been used interchangeably. </p><p>The genre came into prominence in the 1980s through groups associated with the UK label <a href="/wiki/4AD" title="4AD">4AD</a>, most prominently <a href="/wiki/Cocteau_Twins" title="Cocteau Twins">Cocteau Twins</a>, <a href="/wiki/This_Mortal_Coil" title="This Mortal Coil">This Mortal Coil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/A.R._Kane" title="A.R. Kane">A.R. Kane</a>. Subsequently, UK-based acts such as <a href="/wiki/My_Bloody_Valentine_(band)" title="My Bloody Valentine (band)">My Bloody Valentine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slowdive" title="Slowdive">Slowdive</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lush_(band)" title="Lush (band)">Lush</a> alongside US-based artists <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_500" title="Galaxie 500">Galaxie 500</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julee_Cruise" title="Julee Cruise">Julee Cruise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mazzy_Star" title="Mazzy Star">Mazzy Star</a> released significant albums in the style. It saw renewed popularity among <a href="/wiki/Millennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennial">millennial</a> listeners following the late-2000s success of acts such as <a href="/wiki/Beach_House_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach House (band)">Beach House</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_pop&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Chorus_%2B_delay_(electric_guitar)_stereo.ogg" title="File:Chorus + delay (electric guitar) stereo.ogg">Chorus and echo effects, as heard on electric guitar.</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="35" data-mwtitle="Chorus_+_delay_(electric_guitar)_stereo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Chorus_%2B_delay_%28electric_guitar%29_stereo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Chorus_%2B_delay_%28electric_guitar%29_stereo.ogg/Chorus_%2B_delay_%28electric_guitar%29_stereo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">A demonstration of sound effects commonly used in dream pop.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The term dream pop is thought to relate to the "immersion" in the music experienced by the listener.<sup id="cite_ref-Goddard_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goddard-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The AllMusic Guide to Electronica</i> (2003) defined dream pop as "an atmospheric subgenre of alternative rock that relies on sonic textures as much as melody".<sup id="cite_ref-Bogdanov_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogdanov-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Paste_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Paste Magazine">Paste</a></i>, the genre emphasizes mood and sonics over lyrics, so that "chords and tracks blur seamlessly into one another so frequently that it can be difficult to even decipher when one song ended and another has begun."<sup id="cite_ref-paste1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paste1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common characteristics are breathy vocals, the use of guitar effects, and a densely produced sound,<sup id="cite_ref-Bogdanov_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogdanov-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with "nebulous, distorted guitars" paired with "murmured vocals sometimes completely smudged into a wall of noise."<sup id="cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReynoldsNYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music tends to focus on <a href="/wiki/Texture_(music)" title="Texture (music)">textures</a> rather than propulsive rock riffs.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_guide_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic_guide-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effects such as <a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">reverb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Echo" title="Echo">echo</a> are ubiquitous, with <a href="/wiki/Tremolo_(electronic_effect)" title="Tremolo (electronic effect)">tremolo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chorus_(audio_effect)" title="Chorus (audio effect)">chorus</a> also heard on recordings.<sup id="cite_ref-reverb.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reverb.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lyrics are often introspective or <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">existential</a> in nature,<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_guide_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic_guide-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but may be difficult to hear or incomprehensible in the mix.<sup id="cite_ref-paste1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paste1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the view of critic <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a>, dream pop "celebrates rapturous and transcendent experiences, often using druggy and mystical imagery".<sup id="cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReynoldsNYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1991, he suggested this escapist tendency might be a response to the cultural landscape of the UK during the 1980s: "After 12 years of <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> government in Britain, any idealism or constructive political involvement seems futile to these alienated middle-class dropouts."<sup id="cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReynoldsNYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, according to Rachel Felder, dream pop artists often resist representations of <a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">social reality</a> in favour of ambiguous or hallucinogenic experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-class_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-class-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_pop&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s–1970s:_Origins"><span id="1960s.E2.80.931970s:_Origins"></span>1960s–1970s: Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_pop&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1960s–1970s: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Author Nathan Wiseman-Trowse writes that the "approach to the sheer physicality of sound" integral to dream pop was "arguably pioneered in popular music by figures such as <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a> and (<a href="/wiki/Beach_Boys" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach Boys">Beach Boys</a> founder) <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-class_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-class-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Beach Boys recorded an early dream pop song, "<a href="/wiki/All_I_Wanna_Do_(The_Beach_Boys_song)" title="All I Wanna Do (The Beach Boys song)">All I Wanna Do</a>", for their 1970 album <i><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_(The_Beach_Boys_album)" title="Sunflower (The Beach Boys album)">Sunflower</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen21_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen21-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-violet_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-violet-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critic Jim Allen, who cites the Beach Boys as the "godfathers" of the style, says that the song's unprecedented "cinematic dream sequence" production style marks the point "where the dream pop family tree starts to come into focus."<sup id="cite_ref-Allen21_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen21-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Beach Boys' impact on the genre was not widely acknowledged until after the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen21_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen21-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1960s work of <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">the Byrds</a> would influence the "swoony harmonies" of later British dream pop groups.<sup id="cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReynoldsNYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music of <a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">the Velvet Underground</a> in the 1960s and 1970s, which experimented with repetition, tone and texture over conventional song structure, was also an important touchstone in the genre's development.<sup id="cite_ref-class_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-class-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their 1967 debut <i><a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground_%26_Nico" title="The Velvet Underground & Nico">The Velvet Underground & Nico</a></i> incorporated what music critic Marc Beamount terms "<a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">psychedelic</a> dream pop" in addition to a variety of other styles.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elements of dream pop could also be found in Velvet Underground songs such as "<a href="/wiki/Candy_Says" title="Candy Says">Candy Says</a>" (1969).<sup id="cite_ref-keymag_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keymag-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Music journalist John Bergstrom recognises <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>'s 1970 track "<a href="/wiki/Let_It_Down" title="Let It Down">Let It Down</a>" as a progenitor of the genre, while stating that its Spector-produced parent album <i><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Must_Pass" title="All Things Must Pass">All Things Must Pass</a></i> influenced "many guitar-driven, echo-drenched bands have come around since, mixing powerful rave-ups with moody, reflective down-tempo numbers and a spiritual bent.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early–mid_1980s:_Development"><span id="Early.E2.80.93mid_1980s:_Development"></span>Early–mid 1980s: Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_pop&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early–mid 1980s: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cocteau_Twins_-_Los_Angeles_Times_(1985).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cocteau_Twins_-_Los_Angeles_Times_%281985%29.jpg/170px-Cocteau_Twins_-_Los_Angeles_Times_%281985%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cocteau_Twins_-_Los_Angeles_Times_%281985%29.jpg/255px-Cocteau_Twins_-_Los_Angeles_Times_%281985%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cocteau_Twins_-_Los_Angeles_Times_%281985%29.jpg/340px-Cocteau_Twins_-_Los_Angeles_Times_%281985%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1515" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption>Newspaper clipping of Cocteau Twins, 1985</figcaption></figure> <p>A.J. Ramirez of <i><a href="/wiki/PopMatters" title="PopMatters">PopMatters</a></i> recognises an evolutionary line from <a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">gothic rock</a> to dream pop.<sup id="cite_ref-goth_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goth-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early 1980s gothic-derived "<a href="/wiki/Ethereal_wave" title="Ethereal wave">ethereal wave</a>" subgenre, with its <a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">effects</a>-laden guitar sounds and female vocals, led to the dream pop and shoegaze scenes; it was represented by <a href="/wiki/Cocteau_Twins" title="Cocteau Twins">Cocteau Twins</a> and labels such as <a href="/wiki/4AD_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="4AD Records">4AD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Projekt_Records" title="Projekt Records">Projekt Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernard2013-99_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernard2013-99-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> describes "modern dream pop" as originating with the early 1980s work of Cocteau Twins and their contemporaries.<sup id="cite_ref-rs_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rs-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>'s Jason Ankeny credits the Cocteau Twins' "distinctly ethereal" sound and singer <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fraser" title="Elizabeth Fraser">Elizabeth Fraser</a>'s operatic, indecipherable vocals with defining their label, the UK-based 4AD.<sup id="cite_ref-all_2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-all_2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Paste_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Paste Magazine">Paste</a></i>, the band crystallized their "swelling, euphoric" dream pop sound on the 1984 album <i><a href="/wiki/Treasure_(Cocteau_Twins_album)" title="Treasure (Cocteau Twins album)">Treasure</a></i>, with guitarist <a href="/wiki/Robin_Guthrie" title="Robin Guthrie">Robin Guthrie</a> conjuring an array of "woozy textures from his arsenal of effects pedals."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1984 album <i><a href="/wiki/It%27ll_End_in_Tears" title="It'll End in Tears">It'll End in Tears</a></i> by 4AD's "dream-pop supergroup" <a href="/wiki/This_Mortal_Coil" title="This Mortal Coil">This Mortal Coil</a><sup id="cite_ref-rs_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rs-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was conceived by label head <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Watts-Russell" title="Ivo Watts-Russell">Ivo Watts-Russell</a> and featured members of Cocteau Twins and <a href="/wiki/Dead_Can_Dance" title="Dead Can Dance">Dead Can Dance</a>. The album helped "set the template for dream pop" and associated the formerly gothic-affiliated UK label with the style.<sup id="cite_ref-Best_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Best-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The album's 1983 single, the <a href="/wiki/Tim_Buckley" title="Tim Buckley">Tim Buckley</a> cover "<a href="/wiki/Song_to_the_Siren#This_Mortal_Coil_version" title="Song to the Siren">Song to the Siren</a>", became an influential work in the genre, and saw success in the <a href="/wiki/UK_Indie_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Indie Chart">UK Indie Chart</a>, remaining there consistently for two years.<sup id="cite_ref-Best_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Best-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other early acts to touch on the style included <a href="/wiki/Lori_and_the_Chameleons" class="mw-redirect" title="Lori and the Chameleons">Lori and the Chameleons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dif_Juz" title="Dif Juz">Dif Juz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Durutti_Column" title="The Durutti Column">the Durutti Column</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-keymag_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keymag-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Vini_Reilly" title="Vini Reilly">Vini Reilly</a> of the Durutti Column "embodied the cliché of the suicidal dream-pop guitarist in the mid-1980s" with his "narcotic performances" presaging later acts such as <a href="/wiki/My_Bloody_Valentine_(band)" title="My Bloody Valentine (band)">My Bloody Valentine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_500" title="Galaxie 500">Galaxie 500</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dif Juz album <i><a href="/wiki/Extractions_(album)" title="Extractions (album)">Extractions</a></i> (1985) would expand the dream pop sound, incorporating saxophone, shifting tonalities, and off-kilter rhythms.<sup id="cite_ref-vinyl_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vinyl-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Film director <a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a>, unable to obtain the rights to This Mortal Coil's version of "Song to the Siren" for his 1986 film <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Velvet_(film)" title="Blue Velvet (film)">Blue Velvet</a></i>, enlisted composer <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Badalamenti" title="Angelo Badalamenti">Angelo Badalamenti</a> and singer <a href="/wiki/Julee_Cruise" title="Julee Cruise">Julee Cruise</a> to record a replacement track. The result was "Mysteries of Love", described by <i>Rolling Stone</i> as a significant development of the dream pop sound which "gave the genre its <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthy</a> sheen".<sup id="cite_ref-rs_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rs-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trio of Cruise, Lynch and Badalamenti later recorded the 1989 album <i><a href="/wiki/Floating_into_the_Night" title="Floating into the Night">Floating into the Night</a></i>, which further elaborated on the style and featured the <i><a href="/wiki/Twin_Peaks" title="Twin Peaks">Twin Peaks</a></i> theme and UK top 10 single "<a href="/wiki/Falling_(Julee_Cruise_song)" title="Falling (Julee Cruise song)">Falling</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-rs_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rs-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_1980s–1990s:_Shoegaze_scene"><span id="Late_1980s.E2.80.931990s:_Shoegaze_scene"></span>Late 1980s–1990s: Shoegaze scene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_pop&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Late 1980s–1990s: Shoegaze scene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></div> <p>The term "dreampop" was coined in the late 1980s by Alex Ayuli of <a href="/wiki/A.R._Kane" title="A.R. Kane">A.R. Kane</a> to describe his band's eclectic sound, which blended effects-laden guitar with <a href="/wiki/Dub_music" title="Dub music">dub</a> production and <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machine</a> backing, among other elements.<sup id="cite_ref-King2012_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King2012-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group released their 1987 EP <i>Lollita</i> on 4AD, with production by Cocteau Twins guitarist Robin Guthrie.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i> describes their debut album <i><a href="/wiki/69_(album)" title="69 (album)">Sixty Nine</a></i> (1988) as a "crucial document" of the dream pop movement, commenting that the group "aimed to emulate an ethereality that could just as easily become nightmarish", resulting in music that feels "just out of reach."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their "dreampop" label was subsequently adopted by music critic <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a> to describe that group<sup id="cite_ref-reynoldsretro.blogspot.com_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reynoldsretro.blogspot.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later extended to the nascent <a href="/wiki/Shoegazing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoegazing">shoegazing</a> scene in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReynoldsNYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reynolds describes the movement as "a wave of hazy <a href="/wiki/Neo-psychedelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-psychedelic">neo-psychedelic</a> groups" characterised by a "blurry, blissful sound", and credits the influence of the "ethereal soundscapes" of Cocteau Twins as well as more distorted styles of American <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReynoldsNYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1990s, "dream pop" and "shoegazing" were interchangeable and regionally dependent terms, with "dream pop" being the name by which "shoegazing" was typically known in America.<sup id="cite_ref-Kieron_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieron-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AllMusic describes the dream pop label as covering both the "loud, shimmering feedback" of <a href="/wiki/My_Bloody_Valentine_(band)" title="My Bloody Valentine (band)">My Bloody Valentine</a> and the "post-Velvet Underground guitar rock" of <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_500" title="Galaxie 500">Galaxie 500</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> My Bloody Valentine showcased a unique dream pop sound on their 1988 debut album <i><a href="/wiki/Isn%27t_Anything" title="Isn't Anything">Isn't Anything</a></i>, with guitarist <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Shields" title="Kevin Shields">Kevin Shields</a> employing a <a href="/wiki/Glide_guitar" title="Glide guitar">tremolo-arm technique</a> in order to produce "an amorphous drone, at once visceral and disembodied".<sup id="cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReynoldsNYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Galaxie 500 provided a "cornerstone" of the genre in their 1989 album <i><a href="/wiki/On_Fire_(Galaxie_500_album)" title="On Fire (Galaxie 500 album)">On Fire</a></i>, with their downtempo, <a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">reverb</a>-laden sound becoming influential.<sup id="cite_ref-paste1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paste1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UK bands acts as A.R. Kane, My Bloody Valentine and <a href="/wiki/Ride_(band)" title="Ride (band)">Ride</a> played an influential role in the development of the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-LA_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other prominent acts to emerge from the movement include <a href="/wiki/Slowdive" title="Slowdive">Slowdive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chapterhouse_(band)" title="Chapterhouse (band)">Chapterhouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReynoldsNYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1990 Cocteau Twins album <i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_or_Las_Vegas" title="Heaven or Las Vegas">Heaven or Las Vegas</a></i> proved an iconic release in the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-Best_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Best-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Spin_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin Magazine">Spin</a></i> credited My Bloody Valentine's "landmark" 1991 album <i><a href="/wiki/Loveless_(album)" title="Loveless (album)">Loveless</a></i> with "crystalizing (and obliterating) the genres of dream pop and shoegaze guitar rock."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK band <a href="/wiki/Lush_(band)" title="Lush (band)">Lush</a> became an influential act in the genre during the 1990s, with Robin Guthrie producing their 1992 debut album <i><a href="/wiki/Spooky_(album)" title="Spooky (album)">Spooky</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-LA_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1993 album <i><a href="/wiki/So_Tonight_That_I_Might_See" title="So Tonight That I Might See">So Tonight That I Might See</a></i> by American band <a href="/wiki/Mazzy_Star" title="Mazzy Star">Mazzy Star</a> reflected a dream pop sound specific to "the glitzy decay that is L.A.", according to <i>Pitchfork</i>; that publication called the album a "dream pop classic".<sup id="cite_ref-pitchfork_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pitchfork-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late 1980s dream pop of A.R. Kane and My Bloody Valentine influenced 1990s acts such as <a href="/wiki/Seefeel" title="Seefeel">Seefeel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insides_(band)" title="Insides (band)">Insides</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who began incorporating elements such as <a href="/wiki/Music_sample" class="mw-redirect" title="Music sample">samples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">sequenced</a> rhythms.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">Ambient pop</a> music is described by AllMusic as "essentially an extension of the dream pop that emerged in the wake of the shoegazer movement", distinct for its incorporation of electronic textures and techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Sample_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample (music)">sampling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ambient_pop_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambient_pop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bowery_Electric" title="Bowery Electric">Bowery Electric</a>'s 1996 album <i><a href="/wiki/Beat_(Bowery_Electric_album)" title="Beat (Bowery Electric album)">Beat</a></i> was described by <i>Long Live Vinyl</i> as an important touchstone of both dream pop and <a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">trip hop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vinyl_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vinyl-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s:_Contemporary_developments">2000s: Contemporary developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_pop&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2000s: Contemporary developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2007 album <i><a href="/wiki/Person_Pitch" title="Person Pitch">Person Pitch</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Panda_Bear_(musician)" title="Panda Bear (musician)">Panda Bear</a> combined Beach Boys-influenced dream pop with modern <a href="/wiki/Sampledelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampledelic">sampledelic</a> techniques, winning acclaim and exerting a wide influence.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the music associated with the 2009-coined term "<a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">chillwave</a>" could be considered dream pop.<sup id="cite_ref-chillinp4k_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chillinp4k-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2010 album <i><a href="/wiki/Teen_Dream" title="Teen Dream">Teen Dream</a></i> by Baltimore duo <a href="/wiki/Beach_House_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach House (band)">Beach House</a> established the group as purveyors of modern dream pop that drew on the "languid reveries" of Cocteau Twins, Mazzy Star and Galaxie 500.<sup id="cite_ref-Best_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Best-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group's success in the late 2000s solidified the popularity of dream pop with <a href="/wiki/Millennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennial">millennial</a> listeners.<sup id="cite_ref-reverb.com_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reverb.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_artists">List of artists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_pop&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_dream_pop_artists" title="List of dream pop artists">List of dream pop artists</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_pop&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_pop" title="Noise pop">Noise pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethereal_wave" title="Ethereal wave">Ethereal wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_pop&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bernard2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bernard2013_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olivier Bernard: <i>Anthologie de l'ambient</i>, Camion Blanc, 2013, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-357-794151" title="Special:BookSources/2-357-794151">2-357-794151</a><br />"L'ethereal wave s'est développée à partir du gothic rock ... Cela est rendu par des effets d'écho, de reverb et de delay très imposants sur les guitares... On relève une prédominance d'un chant féminin haut perché ou très ample et de voix masculines soufflées, douces at contemplatives. Les paroles sont parfois difficilement compréhensibles... L'ethereal wave (et notamment les Cocteau Twins) a grandement influencé le shoegaze et la dream pop. Les labels principaux promouvant le genre sont 4AD et Projekt Records."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goth-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-goth_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goth_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamirez2009" class="citation web cs1">Ramirez, A.J. (31 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popmatters.com/post/115525-bela-lugosis-dead-thirty-years-of-goth-gloom-and-post-post-punk/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Bela Lugosi's Dead': 30 Years of Goth, Gloom, and Post-Post-Punk"</a>. <i>PopMatters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PopMatters&rft.atitle=%27Bela+Lugosi%27s+Dead%27%3A+30+Years+of+Goth%2C+Gloom%2C+and+Post-Post-Punk&rft.date=2009-10-31&rft.aulast=Ramirez&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popmatters.com%2Fpost%2F115525-bela-lugosis-dead-thirty-years-of-goth-gloom-and-post-post-punk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reverb.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reverb.com_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reverb.com_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reverb.com_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFumo2018" class="citation web cs1">Fumo, Dante (16 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reverb.com/news/how-to-record-dream-pop-in-your-home-studio">"How to Record Dream Pop in Your Home Studio"</a>. <i>Reverb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reverb&rft.atitle=How+to+Record+Dream+Pop+in+Your+Home+Studio&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft.aulast=Fumo&rft.aufirst=Dante&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freverb.com%2Fnews%2Fhow-to-record-dream-pop-in-your-home-studio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathaniel Wice / Steven Daly: "The dream pop bands were lionized by the capricious British music press, which later took to dismissing them as "shoegazers" for their affectless stage presence.", Alt. Culture: An A-To-Z Guide to the '90s-Underground, Online, and Over-The-Counter, p.73, HarperCollins Publishers 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-0627-3383-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-0627-3383-4">0-0627-3383-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weiss2012-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-weiss2012_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2012" class="citation journal cs1">Weiss, Dan (6 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laweekly.com/music/slutwave-tumblr-rap-rape-gaze-obscure-musical-genres-explained-2409158">"Slutwave, Tumblr Rap, Rape Gaze: Obscure Musical Genres Explained"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/LA_Weekly" title="LA Weekly">LA Weekly</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Weekly&rft.atitle=Slutwave%2C+Tumblr+Rap%2C+Rape+Gaze%3A+Obscure+Musical+Genres+Explained&rft.date=2012-07-06&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laweekly.com%2Fmusic%2Fslutwave-tumblr-rap-rape-gaze-obscure-musical-genres-explained-2409158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ambient_pop-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ambient_pop_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ambient_pop_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/style/ambient-pop-ma0000012263">"Ambient Pop"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Ambient+Pop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fambient-pop-ma0000012263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chillinp4k-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chillinp4k_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chillinp4k_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbebe2011" class="citation web cs1">Abebe, Nitsuh (22 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pitchfork.com/features/why-we-fight/8009-why-we-fight-16/">"Chillin' in Plain Sight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=Chillin%27+in+Plain+Sight&rft.date=2011-07-22&rft.aulast=Abebe&rft.aufirst=Nitsuh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Ffeatures%2Fwhy-we-fight%2F8009-why-we-fight-16%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMDreampop-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AMDreampop_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonn.d." class="citation web cs1">Anon (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/style/dream-pop-ma0000012303">"Dream Pop"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Dream+Pop&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fdream-pop-ma0000012303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReynoldsNYT-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReynoldsNYT_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1991" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Reynolds, Simon</a> (1 December 1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/01/arts/pop-view-dream-pop-bands-define-the-times-in-britain.html?pagewanted=1">"Pop View; 'Dream-Pop' Bands Define the Times in Britain"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pop+View%3B+%27Dream-Pop%27+Bands+Define+the+Times+in+Britain&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F12%2F01%2Farts%2Fpop-view-dream-pop-bands-define-the-times-in-britain.html%3Fpagewanted%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goddard-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goddard_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goddard, Michael et al. (2013) <i>Resonances: Noise and Contemporary Music</i>, Bloomsbury Academic, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-5937-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-5937-3">978-1-4411-5937-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bogdanov-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bogdanov_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogdanov_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bogdanov, Vladimir (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/reader/0879306289#reader_0879306289"><i>The AllMusic Guide to Electronica</i></a>, Backbeat UK, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-628-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-628-1">978-0-87930-628-1</a>, p. ix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paste1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-paste1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paste1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paste1_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2020" class="citation web cs1">Staff (21 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pastemagazine.com/music/best/dream-pop-albums-of-all-time-cocteau-twins/">"The 25 Best Dream Pop Albums of All Time"</a>. <i>Paste</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paste&rft.atitle=The+25+Best+Dream+Pop+Albums+of+All+Time&rft.date=2020-08-21&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastemagazine.com%2Fmusic%2Fbest%2Fdream-pop-albums-of-all-time-cocteau-twins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic_guide-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_guide_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_guide_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogdanov,_Vladimir2001" class="citation book cs1">Bogdanov, Vladimir (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allmusicguidetoe00vlad"><i>All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music</i></a> (4th ed.). Backbeat Books. pp. ix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-628-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-628-1"><bdi>978-0-87930-628-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Music+Guide+to+Electronica%3A+The+Definitive+Guide+to+Electronic+Music&rft.pages=ix&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-628-1&rft.au=Bogdanov%2C+Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fallmusicguidetoe00vlad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-class-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-class_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-class_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-class_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiseman-Trowse2008" class="citation book cs1">Wiseman-Trowse, Nathan (30 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=egeMDAAAQBAJ&rdid=book-egeMDAAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_vpt_read"><i>Performing Class in British Popular Music</i></a>. Springer. pp. 148–154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230594975" title="Special:BookSources/9780230594975"><bdi>9780230594975</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Performing+Class+in+British+Popular+Music&rft.pages=148-154&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008-09-30&rft.isbn=9780230594975&rft.aulast=Wiseman-Trowse&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%3Fid%3DegeMDAAAQBAJ%26rdid%3Dbook-egeMDAAAQBAJ%26rdot%3D1%26source%3Dgbs_vpt_read&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen21-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allen21_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen21_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen21_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2021" class="citation web cs1">Allen, Jim (13 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/beach-boys-godfathers-of-dream-pop/">"How The Beach Boys Became The Godfathers Of Dream Pop"</a>. <i>UDiscover Music</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UDiscover+Music&rft.atitle=How+The+Beach+Boys+Became+The+Godfathers+Of+Dream+Pop&rft.date=2021-12-13&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.udiscovermusic.com%2Fstories%2Fbeach-boys-godfathers-of-dream-pop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeriso2021" class="citation web cs1">Deriso, Nick (16 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ultimateclassicrock.com/post-pet-sounds-beach-boys-songs/">"Top 10 Post-'Pet Sounds' Beach Boys Songs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Classic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate Classic Rock">Ultimate Classic Rock</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ultimate+Classic+Rock&rft.atitle=Top+10+Post-%27Pet+Sounds%27+Beach+Boys+Songs&rft.date=2021-05-16&rft.aulast=Deriso&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fultimateclassicrock.com%2Fpost-pet-sounds-beach-boys-songs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-violet-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-violet_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://readdork.com/features/violets-tracks-to-listen-to-on-tour-playlist/">"Violet's 'tracks to listen to on tour' playlist, feat. Spinn, Kylie, Swim Deep and more"</a>. <i>Dork</i>. 16 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dork&rft.atitle=Violet%27s+%27tracks+to+listen+to+on+tour%27+playlist%2C+feat.+Spinn%2C+Kylie%2C+Swim+Deep+and+more&rft.date=2019-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freaddork.com%2Ffeatures%2Fviolets-tracks-to-listen-to-on-tour-playlist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaumont2020" class="citation web cs1">Beaumont, Marc (13 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/the-velvet-underground-s-loaded-at-50-how-being-ignored-birthed-a-classic-album-b1720985.html">"The Velvet Underground's Loaded at 50"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+Velvet+Underground%27s+Loaded+at+50&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.aulast=Beaumont&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-velvet-underground-s-loaded-at-50-how-being-ignored-birthed-a-classic-album-b1720985.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keymag-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keymag_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keymag_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Nathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.keymag.co.uk/features/gateway-to-dream-pop">"Gateway to Dream Pop"</a>. <i>Keymag</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keymag&rft.atitle=Gateway+to+Dream+Pop&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.keymag.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Fgateway-to-dream-pop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergstrom2011" class="citation web cs1">Bergstrom, John (14 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popmatters.com/135411-george-harrison-all-things-must-pass-2496093467.html">"George Harrison: All Things Must Pass"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PopMatters" title="PopMatters">PopMatters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PopMatters&rft.atitle=George+Harrison%3A+All+Things+Must+Pass&rft.date=2011-01-14&rft.aulast=Bergstrom&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popmatters.com%2F135411-george-harrison-all-things-must-pass-2496093467.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernard2013-99-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bernard2013-99_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"L'ethereal wave s'est développée à partir du gothic rock ... Cela est rendu par des effets d'écho, de reverb et de delay très imposants sur les guitares ... On relève une prédominance d'un chant féminin haut perché ou très ample et de voix masculines soufflées, douces at contemplatives. Les paroles sont parfois difficilement compréhensibles ... L'ethereal wave (et notamment les Cocteau Twins) a grandement influencé le shoegaze et la dream pop. Les labels principaux promouvant le genre sont 4AD et Projekt Records."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rs-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rs_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rs_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rs_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rs_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrow2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Grow, Kory (25 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/tv/news/dream-team-the-semi-mysterious-story-behind-the-music-of-twin-peaks-20140725">"Dream Team: The Semi-Mysterious Story Behind the Music of 'Twin Peaks'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. Wenner Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Dream+Team%3A+The+Semi-Mysterious+Story+Behind+the+Music+of+%27Twin+Peaks%27&rft.date=2014-07-25&rft.aulast=Grow&rft.aufirst=Kory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fdream-team-the-semi-mysterious-story-behind-the-music-of-twin-peaks-20140725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-all_2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-all_2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnkeny" class="citation web cs1">Ankeny, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/cocteau-twins-p3932/biography">"Cocteau Twins' Biography"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Cocteau+Twins%27+Biography&rft.aulast=Ankeny&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fcocteau-twins-p3932%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenfield" class="citation web cs1">Schoenfield, Zach. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pastemagazine.com/music/best-albums/dream-pop-albums-of-all-time-cocteau-twins">"The 25 Best Dream Pop Albums of All Time"</a>. <i>Paste</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paste&rft.atitle=The+25+Best+Dream+Pop+Albums+of+All+Time&rft.aulast=Schoenfield&rft.aufirst=Zach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastemagazine.com%2Fmusic%2Fbest-albums%2Fdream-pop-albums-of-all-time-cocteau-twins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Best-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Best_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Best_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Best_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Best_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman2018" class="citation web cs1">Berman, Judy (16 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-30-best-dream-pop-albums/?page=3">"The 30 Best Dream Pop Albums"</a>. <i>Pitchfork</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=The+30+Best+Dream+Pop+Albums&rft.date=2018-04-16&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Ffeatures%2Flists-and-guides%2Fthe-30-best-dream-pop-albums%2F%3Fpage%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnknown" class="citation web cs1">Unknown. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/2490-keep-breathing/">"The Durutti Column: Keep Breathing Album Review"</a>. <i>Pitchfork</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=The+Durutti+Column%3A+Keep+Breathing+Album+Review&rft.au=Unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Freviews%2Falbums%2F2490-keep-breathing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vinyl-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vinyl_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vinyl_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://longlivevinyl.net/2019/10/30/the-essential-dreampop/">"The Top 40 Essential Dreampop Vinyl"</a>. <i>Long Live Vinyl</i>. 30 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Long+Live+Vinyl&rft.atitle=The+Top+40+Essential+Dreampop+Vinyl&rft.date=2019-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flonglivevinyl.net%2F2019%2F10%2F30%2Fthe-essential-dreampop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King2012-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-King2012_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2012" class="citation book cs1">King, Richard (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iCPH4iyQf3MC&pg=PT206"><i>How Soon is Now?: The Madmen and Mavericks who made Independent Music 1975-2005</i></a>. Faber & Faber. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-27832-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-27832-9"><bdi>978-0-571-27832-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Soon+is+Now%3F%3A+The+Madmen+and+Mavericks+who+made+Independent+Music+1975-2005&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-571-27832-9&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCPH4iyQf3MC%26pg%3DPT206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biography-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-biography_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnkeny" class="citation web cs1">Ankeny, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ar-kane-mn0000921542/biography">"A.R. Kane Biography"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=A.R.+Kane+Biography&rft.aulast=Ankeny&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Far-kane-mn0000921542%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreland2021" class="citation web cs1">Moreland, Quinn (14 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/ar-kane-69/">"A.R. Kane: 69 Album Review"</a>. <i>Pitchfork</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=A.R.+Kane%3A+69+Album+Review&rft.date=2021-02-14&rft.aulast=Moreland&rft.aufirst=Quinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Freviews%2Falbums%2Far-kane-69%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reynoldsretro.blogspot.com-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reynoldsretro.blogspot.com_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reynoldsretro.blogspot.com/2008/06/ar-kane-interview-melody-maker-july-25.html">"A.R. Kane features 1987-2012"</a>. <i>ReynoldsRetro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReynoldsRetro&rft.atitle=A.R.+Kane+features+1987-2012&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freynoldsretro.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F06%2Far-kane-interview-melody-maker-july-25.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kieron-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kieron_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyler2016" class="citation web cs1">Tyler, Kieron (17 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theartsdesk.com/new-music/reissue-cds-weekly-still-dream-story-shoegaze">"Reissue CDs Weekly: Still in a Dream - A Story of Shoegaze"</a>. <i>The Arts Desk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Arts+Desk&rft.atitle=Reissue+CDs+Weekly%3A+Still+in+a+Dream+-+A+Story+of+Shoegaze&rft.date=2016-01-17&rft.aulast=Tyler&rft.aufirst=Kieron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartsdesk.com%2Fnew-music%2Freissue-cds-weekly-still-dream-story-shoegaze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/dream-pop-ma0000012303">"Dream Pop Genre Overview"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Dream+Pop+Genre+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fdream-pop-ma0000012303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LA-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LA_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LA_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOUMANO1992" class="citation web cs1">OUMANO, ELENA (May 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-01-ca-1463-story.html">"Dream Pop Landscape Is Very Lush"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Dream+Pop+Landscape+Is+Very+Lush&rft.date=1992-05&rft.aulast=OUMANO&rft.aufirst=ELENA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1992-05-01-ca-1463-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p6-UYTO7l1MC&q=loveless+dream+pop&pg=PA78">"100 Greatest Albums 1985-2005: No.22 'Loveless'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a></i>. July 2005. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0886-3032">0886-3032</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210720122400/https://books.google.com/books?id=p6-UYTO7l1MC&q=loveless+dream+pop&pg=PA78">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spin&rft.atitle=100+Greatest+Albums+1985-2005%3A+No.22+%27Loveless%27&rft.pages=78&rft.date=2005-07&rft.issn=0886-3032&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp6-UYTO7l1MC%26q%3Dloveless%2Bdream%2Bpop%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pitchfork-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pitchfork_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreland2020" class="citation web cs1">Moreland, Quinn (14 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/mazzy-star-so-tonight-that-i-might-see/">"Mazzy Star: So Tonight That I Might See"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=Mazzy+Star%3A+So+Tonight+That+I+Might+See&rft.date=2020-06-14&rft.aulast=Moreland&rft.aufirst=Quinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Freviews%2Falbums%2Fmazzy-star-so-tonight-that-i-might-see%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2011" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Simon (2011). <i>Bring the Noise: 20 Years Writing About Hip Rock and Hip Hop</i>. Soft Skull. p. 190.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bring+the+Noise%3A+20+Years+Writing+About+Hip+Rock+and+Hip+Hop&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Soft+Skull&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1994" class="citation cs2">Reynolds, Simon (1994), "Quique – Seefeel review", <i><a href="/wiki/Spin_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin Magazine">Spin</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spin&rft.atitle=Quique+%E2%80%93+Seefeel+review&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOinonen" class="citation web cs1">Oinonen, Janne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/reviews/albums/panda-bear-tomboy-52835">"Tomboy - Panda Bear"</a>. <i>The Line of Best Fit</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Line+of+Best+Fit&rft.atitle=Tomboy+-+Panda+Bear&rft.aulast=Oinonen&rft.aufirst=Janne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelineofbestfit.com%2Freviews%2Falbums%2Fpanda-bear-tomboy-52835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schilling2015-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schilling2015_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchilling2015" class="citation web cs1">Schilling, Dave (8 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grantland.com/hollywood-prospectus/that-was-a-thing-the-brief-history-of-the-totally-made-up-chillwave-music-genre/">"That Was a Thing: The Brief History of the Totally Made-Up Chillwave Music Genre"</a>. <i>Grantland.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grantland.com&rft.atitle=That+Was+a+Thing%3A+The+Brief+History+of+the+Totally+Made-Up+Chillwave+Music+Genre&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft.aulast=Schilling&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrantland.com%2Fhollywood-prospectus%2Fthat-was-a-thing-the-brief-history-of-the-totally-made-up-chillwave-music-genre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADream+pop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Avant-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">Hardcore punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">Post-hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">Riot grrrl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-punk" title="Proto-punk">Proto-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_rock_genres" title="Category:Alternative rock genres">Styles and<br />fusion genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_country" title="Alternative country">Alternative country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_country" title="Gothic country">Gothic country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_dance" title="Alternative dance">Alternative dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_alternative_rock" title="Christian alternative rock">Christian alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_rock" title="College rock">College rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_cabaret" title="Dark cabaret">Dark cabaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolewave" title="Dolewave">Dolewave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geek_rock" title="Geek rock">Geek rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wizard_rock" title="Wizard rock">Wizard rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">Post-grunge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">Indie folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Sound">Dunedin Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Underground" title="Paisley Underground">Paisley Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">Math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_rave" title="New rave">New rave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowcore" title="Slowcore">Slowcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metal" title="Industrial metal">Industrial metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alternative" title="Latin alternative">Latin alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baggy" title="Baggy">Baggy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangue_bit" title="Mangue bit">Mangue bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-psychedelia" title="Neo-psychedelia">Neo-psychedelia</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackgaze" title="Blackgaze">Blackgaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_gaze" title="Nu gaze">Nu gaze</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_new_wave" title="New wave of new wave">New wave of new wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_pop" title="Noise pop">Noise pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_rock" title="Pagan rock">Pagan rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk_revival" title="Post-punk revival">Post-punk revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-metal" title="Post-metal">Post-metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">Slacker rock</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Alternative_metal" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_metal" title="Alternative metal">Alternative metal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_metal" title="Funk metal">Funk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_H%C3%A4rte" title="Neue Deutsche Härte">Neue Deutsche Härte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">Nu metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal" title="Rap metal">Rap metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Airplay" title="Alternative Airplay">Alternative Airplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorak_(slang)" title="Anorak (slang)">Anorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alternative_rock_artists" title="List of alternative rock artists">Artists</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C86" title="C86">C86</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">Campus radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">Independent music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Independent record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_music" title="Lo-fi music">Lo-fi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lollapalooza" title="Lollapalooza">Lollapalooza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_music" title="Outsider music">Outsider music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_rock" title="Category:Alternative rock">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Goth_subculture" style="text-align:center;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:black; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Goth_subculture" title="Template:Goth subculture"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Goth_subculture" title="Template talk:Goth subculture"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Goth_subculture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Goth subculture"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Goth_subculture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture"><span style="color:white">Goth subculture</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Associated music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothabilly" title="Gothabilly">Gothabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_country" title="Gothic country">Gothic country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">Dark wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethereal_wave" title="Ethereal wave">Ethereal wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_wave_(music)" title="Cold wave (music)">Cold wave</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable bands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">The Cure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Death" title="Christian Death">Christian Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_(band)" title="Bauhaus (band)">Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_and_the_Banshees" title="Siouxsie and the Banshees">Siouxsie and the Banshees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Division" title="Joy Division">Joy Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sisters_of_Mercy" title="The Sisters of Mercy">The Sisters of Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Damned_(band)" title="The Damned (band)">The Damned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Sex_Fiend" title="Alien Sex Fiend">Alien Sex Fiend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Can_Dance" title="Dead Can Dance">Dead Can Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocteau_Twins" title="Cocteau Twins">Cocteau Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fields_of_the_Nephilim" title="Fields of the Nephilim">Fields of the Nephilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gothic_rock_artists" title="List of gothic rock artists">List of gothic rock artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(musician)" title="Robert Smith (musician)">Robert Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Murphy_(musician)" title="Peter Murphy (musician)">Peter Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_Sioux" title="Siouxsie Sioux">Siouxsie Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Curtis" title="Ian Curtis">Ian Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Eldritch" title="Andrew Eldritch">Andrew Eldritch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Cave" title="Nick Cave">Nick Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Peterson" title="Cassandra Peterson">Cassandra Peterson/Elvira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_O" title="Eva O">Eva O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinah_Cancer" title="Dinah Cancer">Dinah Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Richards" title="Monica Richards">Monica Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Hammer" title="Lisa Hammer">Lisa Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozz_Williams" title="Rozz Williams">Rozz Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitane_DeMone" title="Gitane DeMone">Gitane DeMone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Morrison" title="Patricia Morrison">Patricia Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_McCoy" title="Carl McCoy">Carl McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fraser" title="Elizabeth Fraser">Elizabeth Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Hammer" title="Doc Hammer">Doc Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Gerrard" title="Lisa Gerrard">Lisa Gerrard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Perry" title="Brendan Perry">Brendan Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Black" title="Bethany Black">Bethany Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wednesday_Mourning" title="Wednesday Mourning">Wednesday Mourning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camden_Town" title="Camden Town">Camden Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(nightclub)" title="Neo (nightclub)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantasy_Theater" title="Phantasy Theater">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Dark_Alternative_Movement" title="Singapore Dark Alternative Movement">Singapore Dark Alternative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_goth_scene" title="Toronto goth scene">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable club nights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F_Club" title="F Club">F Club (1977–1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Phonographique" title="Le Phonographique">Le Phonographique (1979–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batcave_(club)" title="Batcave (club)">Batcave (1982–1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrowerkz#Slimelight" title="Electrowerkz">Slimelight (1987–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Guild" title="Death Guild">Death Guild (1993–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmortis" title="Xmortis">Xmortis (2004–)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wave-Gotik-Treffen" title="Wave-Gotik-Treffen">Wave-Gotik-Treffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%27era_Luna_Festival" title="M'era Luna Festival">M'era Luna Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_Dead_Festival" title="Drop Dead Festival">Drop Dead Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumous_Gothic_Festival" title="Lumous Gothic Festival">Lumous Gothic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitby_Goth_Weekend" title="Whitby Goth Weekend">Whitby Goth Weekend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convergence_(goth_festival)" title="Convergence (goth festival)">Convergence (goth festival)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bats_Day_in_the_Fun_Park" title="Bats Day in the Fun Park">Bats Day in the Fun Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Goth_Day" title="World Goth Day">World Goth Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gothic_festivals" title="List of gothic festivals">List of gothic festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Art and fashion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Gothic" title="New Gothic">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fashion" title="Gothic fashion">Fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybergoth" title="Cybergoth">Cybergoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Goth" title="Health Goth">Health Goth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Bernstein" title="Drew Bernstein">Lip Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Beauty" title="Gothic Beauty">Gothic Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mortem" title="Rose Mortem">Rose Mortem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gorey" title="Edward Gorey">Edward Gorey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_hair" title="Big hair">Big hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Deathhawk">Deathhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backcombing" title="Backcombing">Backcombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winklepickers" class="mw-redirect" title="Winklepickers">Winklepickers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Film and literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Addams_Family" title="The Addams Family">The Addams Family</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triana_Orpheus" class="mw-redirect" title="Triana Orpheus">Triana Orpheus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crow" title="The Crow">The Crow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Goodbye_Family" title="The Goodbye Family">The Goodbye Family</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Munsters" title="The Munsters">The Munsters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sandman_(comic_book)" title="The Sandman (comic book)">The Sandman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Craft_(film)" title="The Craft (film)">The Craft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_83" title="Gypsy 83">Gypsy 83</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black">Shades of black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_music_subcultures" title="Suicide in music subcultures">Suicide in music subcultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseur" title="Poseur">Poseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_culture" title="Dark culture">Dark culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall_goth" title="Mall goth">Mall goth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pop_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pop_music" title="Template:Pop music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pop_music" title="Template talk:Pop music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pop_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pop music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pop_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stylistic origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Styles_of_pop_music" title="Styles of pop music">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music">Adult contemporary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_adult_contemporary" title="Christian adult contemporary">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">Quiet storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_adult_contemporary" title="Rhythmic adult contemporary">Rhythmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative pop">Alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Underground" title="Paisley Underground">Paisley Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Avant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_music" title="Beach music">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brill_Building_(genre)" title="Brill Building (genre)">Brill Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubblegum_music" title="Bubblegum music">Bubblegum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bro-country" title="Bro-country">Bro-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pop" title="Cowboy pop">Cowboy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cringe_pop" title="Cringe pop">Cringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">Dancehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">Dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_polo" title="Disco polo">Disco polo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">Hypnagogic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_sound" title="Dunedin sound">Dunedin sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twee_pop" title="Twee pop">Twee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatic_pop" title="Operatic pop">Operatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_pop" title="Orchestral pop">Orchestral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rap" title="Pop rap">Pop rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_pop" title="Emo pop">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_metal" title="Pop metal">Pop metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-punk" title="Pop-punk">Pop-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_pop" title="Psychedelic pop">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_age_pop" title="Space age pop">Space age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_pop" title="Sunshine pop">Sunshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_pop" title="Swamp pop">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurepop" title="Futurepop">Futurepop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">Teen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_pop" title="Wonky pop">Wonky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_popular_music" title="African popular music">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_pop" title="Moroccan pop">Moroccan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_popular_music" title="American popular music">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina#Popular_music" title="Music of Argentina">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Brazilian (MPB)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Tropipop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop" title="Arabic pop">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pop_music" title="Azerbaijani pop music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-pop" title="C-pop">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantopop" title="Cantopop">Cantopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_popular_music" title="Hakka popular music">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_pop" title="Hokkien pop">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandopop" title="Mandopop">Mandopop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyao" title="Xinyao">Xinyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinoiserie music">Chinoiserie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English_pop" title="Hong Kong English pop">Hong Kong English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pop" title="Indian pop">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmi" title="Filmi">Filmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_pop" title="Hindutva pop">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_pop" title="Indo pop">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">Ryūkōka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-pop" title="Q-pop">Kazakhstani</a></li> <li>Korean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Korea#Pop_music" title="Music of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_pop" title="Lao pop">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian pop">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani pop music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_pop_music" title="Thai pop music">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austropop" title="Austropop">Austropop</a></li> <li>Balkan pop-folk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_pop_music" title="British pop music">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederpop" title="Nederpop">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">New pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europop" title="Europop">Europop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_pop_music" title="French pop music">French pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French Mandopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">Yé-yé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_pop" title="Hungarian pop">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_popular_music#Rock_and_pop" title="Italian popular music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Pop_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabiz_(music_genre)" title="Rabiz (music genre)">Rabiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_popular%C4%83" title="Muzică populară">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_pop" title="Russian pop">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_pop" title="Serbian pop">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_popular_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish popular music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish pop music">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Soviet_Union#Popular_music" title="Music of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VIA_music" class="mw-redirect" title="VIA music">VIA music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_in_Ukraine" title="Pop music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">Celebrity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_soxer_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby soxer (music)">Bobby soxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaeng_fan" title="Sasaeng fan">Sasaeng fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teenybopper" title="Teenybopper">Teenybopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol#Fan_culture" title="Japanese idol"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Wota</i></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Honorific nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_automation" title="Pop music automation">Pop music automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_pedagogy" title="Popular music pedagogy">Popular music pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">Talent agent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_idol" title="Teen idol">Teen idol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_band" title="Boy band">Boy band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group">Girl group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form" title="Verse–chorus form">Verse–chorus form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_band" title="Virtual band">Virtual band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Psychedelic_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Psychedelic_music" title="Template:Psychedelic music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Psychedelic_music" title="Template talk:Psychedelic music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Psychedelic_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Psychedelic music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Psychedelic_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By prefix <br /> and style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychedelic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">Folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Weird_America" title="New Weird America">New Weird America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_funk" title="Psychedelic funk">Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_pop" title="Psychedelic pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rap" title="Psychedelic rap">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_soul" title="Psychedelic soul">Soul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_soul" title="Cinematic soul">Cinematic soul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_trance" title="Psychedelic trance">Trance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goa_trance" title="Goa trance">Goa trance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitzhonot" title="Nitzhonot">Nitzhonot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psydub" title="Psydub">Psydub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suomisaundi" title="Suomisaundi">Suomisaundi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-psychedelia" title="Neo-psychedelia">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_rock" title="Acid rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_techno" title="Acid techno">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_trance" title="Acid trance">Trance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">Chillwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream-beat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dream-beat">Dream-beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freakbeat" title="Freakbeat">Freakbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">Hypnagogic pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_occult_psychedelia" title="Italian occult psychedelia">Italian occult psychedelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-psychedelia" title="Neo-psychedelia">Neo-psychedelia</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Underground" title="Paisley Underground">Paisley Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampledelia" title="Sampledelia">Sampledelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zamrock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subcultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat Generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_culture" title="Cannabis culture">Cannabis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadhead" title="Deadhead">Deadhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_scene" title="Freak scene">Freak scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">Jam band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age_travellers" title="New Age travellers">New Age travellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Rave culture">Rave culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_sound" title="San Francisco sound">San Francisco sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Summer_of_Love" title="Second Summer of Love">Second Summer of Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_of_Love" title="Summer of Love">Summer of Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_underground" title="UK underground">UK underground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acid_rock_artists" title="List of acid rock artists">Acid rock artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neo-psychedelia_artists" title="List of neo-psychedelia artists">Neo-psychedelia artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychedelic_folk_artists" title="List of psychedelic folk artists">Psychedelic folk artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychedelic_pop_artists" title="List of psychedelic pop artists">Psychedelic pop artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychedelic_rock_artists" title="List of psychedelic rock artists">Psychedelic rock artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Psychedelic rock in Australia and New Zealand">Psychedelic rock in Australia and New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock_in_Latin_America" title="Psychedelic rock in Latin America">Psychedelic rock in Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">Psychedelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LSD_art" title="LSD art">LSD art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_drug" title="Psychedelic drug">Psychedelic drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_era" title="Psychedelic era">Psychedelic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_experience" title="Psychedelic experience">Psychedelic experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychedelic literature">Psychedelic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drug_culture" title="Category:Drug culture">Category:Drug culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hippie_movement" title="Category:Hippie movement">Category:Hippie movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychedelic_musical_groups" title="Category:Psychedelic musical groups">Category:Psychedelic musical groups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_music" title="Template:Rock music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_music" title="Template talk:Rock music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)#Backbeat" title="Beat (music)">Backbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">Rock band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">Electric guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Electric bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">Drum kit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres by<br />decade of origin<br /><span class="nobold">(sub-subgenres <br />not included)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_rock" title="Instrumental rock">Instrumental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">Surf music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">Blues rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">Boogie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Comedy rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_rock" title="Flamenco rock">Flamenco rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_rock" title="Occult rock">Occult rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">Arena rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cock_rock" title="Cock rock">Cock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_rock" title="Funk rock">Funk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">Glam rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">Heartland rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">Pub rock (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">Pub rock (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_rock" title="Shock rock">Shock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">Yacht rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">Rap rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">Slacker rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rock" title="Tropical rock">Trop rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">Math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_rock" title="Viking rock">Viking rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_rock" title="American rock">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert Scene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_Canada" title="Rock music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica#Rock_music" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_rock" title="Haitian rock">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Albania" title="Rock music in Albania">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belarus" title="Rock music in Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belgium" title="Rock music in Belgium">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rock music in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_music" title="British rock music">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Rock" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Denmark" title="Rock music in Denmark">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rock music in the Netherlands">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indorock" title="Indorock">Indorock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Estonia" title="Rock music in Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Finland" title="Rock music in Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_France" title="Rock music in France">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Germany" title="Rock music in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Greece" title="Rock music in Greece">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Hungary" title="Rock music in Hungary">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Iceland" title="Rock music in Iceland">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Italy" title="Rock music in Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Latvia" title="Rock music in Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Lithuania" title="Rock music in Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Rock_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Norway" title="Rock music in Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Poland" title="Rock music in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Portugal" title="Rock music in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Romania" title="Rock music in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Serbia" title="Rock music in Serbia">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Slovenia" title="Rock music in Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Sweden" title="Popular music in Sweden">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Switzerland" title="Rock music in Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ukraine" title="Rock music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li>Yugoslavian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Art_rock" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Hard_rock_and_heavy_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Hard rock and heavy metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Extreme_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Extreme metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Neo-rockabilly" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Neo-rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music_in_Yugoslavia" title="New wave music in Yugoslavia">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Post-punk" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Punk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_rock" title="Bangladeshi rock">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia#Cambodian_rock_and_pop" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodian_rock_(1960s%E2%80%931970s)" title="Cambodian rock (1960s–1970s)">1959–1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_rock" title="Chinese rock">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisrock" title="Bisrock">Bisrock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rock" title="Indian rock">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_West_Bengal" title="Rock music of West Bengal">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rock" title="Indonesian rock">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rock" title="Iranian rock">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_rock" title="Israeli rock">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_rock" title="Korean rock">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_rock" title="Malaysian rock">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rock" title="Nepalese rock">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rock" title="Pakistani rock">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_rock" title="Taiwanese rock">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_rock" title="Thai rock">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Angola" title="Rock music in Angola">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Sahara desert region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zambian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_New_Zealand" title="Rock music in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_rock" title="Active rock">Active rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">Album-oriented rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">Classic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_rock" title="Mainstream rock">Mainstream rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">Modern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>History</li><li>Culture</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_rock_music" title="List of years in rock music">List of years in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_rock_and_roll" title="Origins of rock and roll">Origins of rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_effects_of_rock_music" title="Social effects of rock music">Social effects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Racism" title="Rock Against Racism">Rock Against Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Sexism" title="Rock Against Sexism">Rock Against Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_and_the_fall_of_communism" title="Rock music and the fall of communism">Rock music and the fall of communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_rock" title="Women in rock">Women in rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">List of rock genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorik" title="Motorik">Motorik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_concert" title="Rock concert">Rock concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_festival" title="Rock festival">Rock festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_musical" title="Rock musical">Rock musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">Rock opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnerian_rock" title="Wagnerian rock">Wagnerian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span 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class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schilling2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592330#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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