CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1856 Heraklion earthquake - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b39df466-3145-4da9-b86b-d7fc849f431f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1856_Heraklion_earthquake","wgTitle":"1856 Heraklion earthquake","wgCurRevisionId":1257266539,"wgRevisionId":1257266539,"wgArticleId":66290566,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 location test","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles using Mw magnitude scale","Coordinates on Wikidata","EQ articles using 'aftershock'","1856 earthquakes","1856 disasters in Europe","1856 in Greece","1856 in the Ottoman Empire","1856 disasters in Asia","1856 disasters in Africa","19th-century disasters in the Ottoman Empire","October 1856 events", "Earthquakes in Greece","Earthquakes in Europe","Natural disasters in Malta","Earthquakes in Turkey","Earthquakes in the Middle East","Earthquakes in Egypt","Earthquakes in Israel","Earthquakes in Syria","Earthquakes in the Levant","Earthquakes in Crete","Heraklion"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1856_Heraklion_earthquake","wgRelevantArticleId":66290566,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false, "wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":35.5,"lon":26},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q28038710","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1856 Heraklion earthquake - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_Heraklion_earthquake"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_Heraklion_earthquake"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1856_Heraklion_earthquake rootpage-1856_Heraklion_earthquake skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1856+Heraklion+earthquake" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1856+Heraklion+earthquake" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1856+Heraklion+earthquake" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1856+Heraklion+earthquake" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tectonic_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tectonic_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tectonic background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tectonic_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earthquake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earthquake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Earthquake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earthquake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Effects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Malta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elsewhere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elsewhere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Elsewhere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elsewhere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1856 Heraklion earthquake</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_1856" title="زلزال هيراكليون 1856 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زلزال هيراكليون 1856" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF_(1856)" title="Σεισμός στη Ρόδο (1856) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σεισμός στη Ρόδο (1856)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9D_(1856)" title="רעידת האדמה בכרתים (1856) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רעידת האדמה בכרתים (1856)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potres_v_Iraklionu_(1856)" title="Potres v Iraklionu (1856) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Potres v Iraklionu (1856)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreetan_maanj%C3%A4ristys_1856" title="Kreetan maanjäristys 1856 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kreetan maanjäristys 1856" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_Girit_depremi" title="1856 Girit depremi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1856 Girit depremi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28038710#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1856_Heraklion_earthquake" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1856_Heraklion_earthquake" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1856_Heraklion_earthquake"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1856_Heraklion_earthquake"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/1856_Heraklion_earthquake" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/1856_Heraklion_earthquake" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&oldid=1257266539" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&id=1257266539&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1856_Heraklion_earthquake"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1856_Heraklion_earthquake"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28038710" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&params=35.5_N_26_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">26°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.5°N 26.0°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.5; 26.0</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Earthquake affecting the Ottoman Empire (present-day Crete, Greece)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1856 Heraklion earthquake</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greece_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1856 Heraklion earthquake is located in Greece"><img alt="1856 Heraklion earthquake is located in Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:87.838%;left:63.889%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-20px;top:-20px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1856 Heraklion earthquake"><img alt="1856 Heraklion earthquake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/40px-Bullseye1.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/60px-Bullseye1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/80px-Bullseye1.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1610" /></span></span></div></div></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Greece</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1856 Heraklion earthquake is located in Mediterranean"><img alt="1856 Heraklion earthquake is located in Mediterranean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png/250px-Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png/375px-Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png/500px-Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png 2x" data-file-width="1754" data-file-height="862" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.789%;left:66.667%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-20px;top:-20px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1856 Heraklion earthquake"><img alt="1856 Heraklion earthquake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/40px-Bullseye1.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/60px-Bullseye1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/80px-Bullseye1.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1610" /></span></span></div></div></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Mediterranean</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> time</th><td class="infobox-data">1856-10-12 00:45</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local date</th><td class="infobox-data">11–12 October 1856</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local time</th><td class="infobox-data">02:38 am or 02:45 am <a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">2 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magnitude</th><td class="infobox-data">7.7–8.3 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000004-QINU`"'</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M<sub>w</sub></span></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depth</th><td class="infobox-data">61–100 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Epicenter</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&params=35.5_N_26_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">26°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.5°N 26.0°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.5; 26.0</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Intraplate</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Maximum">Max.</abbr> intensity</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="background-color:rgba(164, 0, 0); padding:4px; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Modified_Mercalli_intensity_scale#mmi-11" title="Modified Mercalli intensity scale"><span style="color:white;">MMI XI (<i>Extreme</i>)</span></a></span>–<span style="background-color:rgba(128, 0, 0); padding:4px; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Modified_Mercalli_intensity_scale#mmi-12" title="Modified Mercalli intensity scale"><span style="color:white;">MMI XII (<i>Extreme</i>)</span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tsunami</th><td class="infobox-data">Unlikely</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Aftershocks</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">600+ dead<br />600+ injured</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1856 Heraklion earthquake</b>, also known as the <b>Crete earthquake</b> or <b>Rhodes earthquake</b>, occurred on the morning of October 12 at 02:45 am local time.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This extremely catastrophic <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> had an estimated magnitude of 7.7 to 8.3 at a depth of approximately 61 to 100 km.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earthquake was felt over a very wide area extending from <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, the effects of the earthquake were cataclysmic, over 500 bodies were recovered in the city of <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a>. Shockwaves from the earthquake were felt intensely, covering all of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>; present-day <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> where damage and human losses were reported. In <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, the <a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ajn_%C4%A6adid_Tower" title="Għajn Ħadid Tower">Għajn Ħadid Tower</a>—a coastal watchtower built around the year 1638—was severely damaged in the earthquake, when its upper floor collapsed. In <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt, the earthquake destroyed buildings, created <a href="/wiki/Seiche" title="Seiche">seiches</a> in canals, and killed several people. Off the Egyptian and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> coasts, sailors reported feeling a <a href="/wiki/Seaquake" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaquake">seaquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PAPADOPOULOS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAPADOPOULOS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tectonic_background">Tectonic background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tectonic background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along the southern coast of the <a href="/wiki/Dodecanese" title="Dodecanese">Dodecanese Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, Crete and the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African plate</a> made of oceanic crust is <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subducting</a> beneath the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_plate" title="Aegean Sea plate">Aegean Sea plate</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_plate" title="Eurasian plate">Eurasian plate</a>) along a <a href="/wiki/Convergent_boundary" title="Convergent boundary">convergent plate boundary</a> at a rate of 5 to 10 mm/yr. The interface of the subduction zone occasionally ruptures in large <a href="/wiki/Megathrust_earthquake" title="Megathrust earthquake">megathrust earthquakes</a> such as those in <a href="/wiki/365_Crete_earthquake" title="365 Crete earthquake">365</a> and <a href="/wiki/1303_Crete_earthquake" title="1303 Crete earthquake">1303</a>. Tsunamis are produced along the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Trench" title="Hellenic Trench">Hellenic Trench</a> as one side of the fault is suddenly thrust upwards, displacing trillions of liters of seawater during a massive earthquake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earthquake">Earthquake</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Earthquake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Heraklion earthquake of 1856 was an <a href="/wiki/Intraplate_earthquake" title="Intraplate earthquake">intermediate-depth earthquake</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Hypocenter" title="Hypocenter">hypocenter</a> <a href="/wiki/Depth_of_focus_(tectonics)" title="Depth of focus (tectonics)">depth</a> of 60 to 90 km, occurring on a fault within the subducting <a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African plate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The epicenter is most likely located off the northern coast of Crete, based on evaluating where the strongest isoseismic contours were. For a moment magnitude 7.7 (M<sub>w</sub> ) event, the estimated fault dimensions is 64 km × 64 km at a depth of 90 km beneath the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a> while an 8.1–8.3 M<sub>w</sub> would involve a 120 km × 120 km fault rupture at a deeper depth of 130 km.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earthquake caused widespread damage not just in Greece, but in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, where additional deaths and damage was reported. An exact time of occurrence is still debated between 02:38 am or 02:45 am.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earthquake reached <a href="/wiki/Seismic_intensity_scales" title="Seismic intensity scales">XI (<i>Extreme</i>)</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity scale</a> in the central part of Crete. The city of <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a> was almost destroyed, with only 18 or 40 of the 3,600 houses left standing. The seaside cities of <a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a> were also severely damaged. A total of 538 inhabitants of Crete were killed while 637 persons were injured. On the island of <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, several villages were destroyed and the coast experienced uplift. Ground failures were widely observed amidst the destruction. Sixty people died on the island. The island of <a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Thera</a> also reported some damage.<sup id="cite_ref-NGDC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGDC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Kasos" title="Kasos">Kasos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karpathos" title="Karpathos">Karpathos</a>, 8,000 homes were wiped-out, and there were 20 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On mainland Greece, the earthquake was felt in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina">Ioannina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyparissia" title="Kyparissia">Kyparissia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malta">Malta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Malta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghajn_Hadid_Tower_closer_view.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ghajn_Hadid_Tower_closer_view.JPG/250px-Ghajn_Hadid_Tower_closer_view.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ghajn_Hadid_Tower_closer_view.JPG/375px-Ghajn_Hadid_Tower_closer_view.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ghajn_Hadid_Tower_closer_view.JPG/500px-Ghajn_Hadid_Tower_closer_view.JPG 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of the <a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ajn_%C4%A6adid_Tower" title="Għajn Ħadid Tower">Għajn Ħadid Tower</a> after the earthquake.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Maltese Islands">Maltese Islands</a>, the earthquake was felt much stronger than most earthquakes from Greece when felt on the islands, making this very unusual and of interest to many seismologists. The quake disrupted the night and woke everyone on the island. The shaking lasted between 22 and 60 seconds, causing many residents to lose their balance and threw down many items in houses. Large cracks developed in the homes of some places such as <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gozo_Region" title="Gozo Region">Gozo Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many churches had cracks in the walls and domes and had hanging crucifixes falling off. In some cases, the damage was more serious, some churches experiencing a total collapse. The dome of <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Mdina" title="St Paul's Cathedral, Mdina">Saint Paul's Cathedral in Mdina</a> collapsed from the inside, which caused some <a href="/wiki/British_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="British pound">£</a>1,000 in damages.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another church, the <a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmelite Church">Carmelite Church</a>, had its <a href="/wiki/Steeple" title="Steeple">steeple</a> rebuilt because the earthquake had damaged it so severely. </p><p>Damage to structures corresponded to intensity VII, higher than expected for the 1,000 km distance from the earthquake in Greece. A typical earthquake should only be felt with intensities IV–V. The occurrence of very strong shaking is likely attributed to <a href="/wiki/Long_period_ground_motion" title="Long period ground motion">long period ground motion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was this earthquake that collapsed the <a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ajn_%C4%A6adid_Tower" title="Għajn Ħadid Tower">Għajn Ħadid Tower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An eyewitness present at the tower one month before the earthquake said large cracks opened in the ground around the tower.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, the shaking was still perceivable and strong enough to cause damage. Shaking intensity in the <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> capital reached VII–VIII. Three distinct shocks were felt with durations between one and two minutes. Twenty homes collapsed and another 200 were affected, while some 20 mosques were also crippled. <a href="/wiki/Seiches" class="mw-redirect" title="Seiches">Seiches</a> in canals caused water to splash all over while clocks stopped working as a result of the ground motions. At least ten people died in the city. Following the aftermath, many survivors slept outside their homes for fear of a collapse during the night for several days.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, only some old construction fell but there were no major implications to the city. Two people were killed and some injuries were sustained to people. Around the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a>, collapses of homes and falling <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minarets</a> killed an additional number of people in the towns of <a href="/wiki/Tanta" title="Tanta">Tanta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Damanhur" title="Damanhur">Damanhur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other parts of the delta, many residents found it difficult to stand, which terrified many. Ground motions were strong enough to shift furniture and cause water in tanks to slosh around. Sailors off the coasts reported feeling the strong earthquake as well.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsewhere">Elsewhere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Elsewhere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shaking was also felt in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pozzallo" title="Pozzallo">Pozzallo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, Italy where some minor damage occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shock also caused damage to places like <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>. Eyewitnesses along the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> reported a small "tsunami" wave.<sup id="cite_ref-PAPADOPOULOS_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAPADOPOULOS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effects from the earthquake was felt in the entire <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> region and Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-NGDC_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGDC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the book <i>Domestic Life in Palestine</i>, author <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Eliza_Rogers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Eliza Rogers (page does not exist)">Mary Eliza Rogers</a> described her experience of the strong tremors in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Israel but she dated the event incorrectly between the night of 10 and 11 October.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Greece" title="List of earthquakes in Greece">List of earthquakes in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="List of earthquakes in Turkey">List of earthquakes in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Egypt" title="List of earthquakes in Egypt">List of earthquakes in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seismic_risk_in_Malta" title="Seismic risk in Malta">Seismic risk in Malta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFY._AltinokB._AlparN._ÖzerC._Gazioglu2005" class="citation journal cs1">Y. Altinok; B. Alpar; N. Özer; C. Gazioglu (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00299270/document">"1881 and 1949 earthquakes at the Chios-Cesme Strait (Aegean Sea) and their relation to tsunamis"</a>. <i>Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences</i>. <b>5</b> (5). Copernicus Publications s on behalf of the European Geosciences Union: 717–725. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005NHESS...5..717A">2005NHESS...5..717A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fnhess-5-717-2005">10.5194/nhess-5-717-2005</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14989944">14989944</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Hazards+and+Earth+System+Sciences&rft.atitle=1881+and+1949+earthquakes+at+the+Chios-Cesme+Strait+%28Aegean+Sea%29+and+their+relation+to+tsunamis&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=717-725&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A14989944%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fnhess-5-717-2005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005NHESS...5..717A&rft.au=Y.+Altinok&rft.au=B.+Alpar&rft.au=N.+%C3%96zer&rft.au=C.+Gazioglu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-00299270%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geophysics.geo.auth.gr/the_seisnet/WEBSITE_2005/station_index_en.html">"Seismicity Catalog (550 B.C. – 2010)"</a>. <i>Seismological Station</i>. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seismological+Station&rft.atitle=Seismicity+Catalog+%28550+B.C.+%E2%80%93+2010%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeophysics.geo.auth.gr%2Fthe_seisnet%2FWEBSITE_2005%2Fstation_index_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapadopoulos,_GerassimosVassilopoulos,_A.2001" class="citation book cs1">Papadopoulos, Gerassimos; Vassilopoulos, A. (2001). "Historical and Archaeological Evidence of Earthquakes and Tsunamis Felt in the Kythira Strait, Greece.". <i>Tsunami Research at the End of a Critical Decade</i>. Kluwer. pp. 119–183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-5909-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-481-5909-3"><bdi>978-90-481-5909-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historical+and+Archaeological+Evidence+of+Earthquakes+and+Tsunamis+Felt+in+the+Kythira+Strait%2C+Greece.&rft.btitle=Tsunami+Research+at+the+End+of+a+Critical+Decade&rft.pages=119-183&rft.pub=Kluwer&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-481-5909-3&rft.au=Papadopoulos%2C+Gerassimos&rft.au=Vassilopoulos%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAPADOPOULOS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PAPADOPOULOS_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAPADOPOULOS_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._A._PapadopoulosE._DaskalakiA._FokaefsN._Giraleas" class="citation journal cs1">G. A. Papadopoulos; E. Daskalaki; A. Fokaefs; N. Giraleas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001548/http://www.seahellarc.gr/files/20091123154851Papadopoulos_et_al.JET.pdf">"Tsunami hazard in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Strong earthquakes and tsunamis in the west Hellenic Arc and Trench system"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seahellarc.gr/files/20091123154851Papadopoulos_et_al.JET.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Earthquake+and+Tsunami&rft.atitle=Tsunami+hazard+in+the+eastern+Mediterranean+Sea%3A+Strong+earthquakes+and+tsunamis+in+the+west+Hellenic+Arc+and+Trench+system&rft.au=G.+A.+Papadopoulos&rft.au=E.+Daskalaki&rft.au=A.+Fokaefs&rft.au=N.+Giraleas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seahellarc.gr%2Ffiles%2F20091123154851Papadopoulos_et_al.JET.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapazachos,_B.1996" class="citation journal cs1">Papazachos, B. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4401%2Fag-4023">"Large seismic faults in the Hellenic arc"</a>. <i>Annals of Geophysics</i>. <b>39</b> (5). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4401%2Fag-4023">10.4401/ag-4023</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Large+seismic+faults+in+the+Hellenic+arc&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4401%2Fag-4023&rft.au=Papazachos%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4401%252Fag-4023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKkallas,_CharalamposC._PapazachosA._SkarlatoudisChrysanthi,_Ventouzi2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kkallas, Charalampos; C. Papazachos; A. Skarlatoudis; Chrysanthi, Ventouzi; D. Boore; B. Margaris. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daveboore.com/pubs_online/16eceE_KKALLAS_final2.pdf">"Explaining the large anomalous damage patterns of large (M7+) intermediate-depth earthquakes in the southern Aegean Sea"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>16th European Conference on: Earthquake Engineering Thessaloniki</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=16th+European+Conference+on%3A+Earthquake+Engineering+Thessaloniki&rft.atitle=Explaining+the+large+anomalous+damage+patterns+of+large+%28M7%2B%29+intermediate-depth+earthquakes+in+the+southern+Aegean+Sea&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Kkallas%2C+Charalampos&rft.au=C.+Papazachos&rft.au=A.+Skarlatoudis&rft.au=Chrysanthi%2C+Ventouzi&rft.au=D.+Boore&rft.au=B.+Margaris.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daveboore.com%2Fpubs_online%2F16eceE_KKALLAS_final2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZohar,_M.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Zohar, M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10950-017-9686-9">"A newly discovered historical earthquake or merely a chronological mistake? Report of Mary Eliza Rogers from October 10, 1856"</a>. <i>Journal of Seismology</i>. <b>21</b> (5): 1285–1290. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSeis..21.1285Z">2017JSeis..21.1285Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10950-017-9686-9">10.1007/s10950-017-9686-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:135012529">135012529</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Seismology&rft.atitle=A+newly+discovered+historical+earthquake+or+merely+a+chronological+mistake%3F+Report+of+Mary+Eliza+Rogers+from+October+10%2C+1856&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1285-1290&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A135012529%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10950-017-9686-9&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017JSeis..21.1285Z&rft.au=Zohar%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10950-017-9686-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGDC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NGDC_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NGDC_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Geophysical_Data_Center_/_World_Data_Service_(NGDC/WDS)1972" class="citation cs2">National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2005"><i>Significant Earthquake Database</i></a> (Data Set), <a href="/wiki/National_Geophysical_Data_Center" title="National Geophysical Data Center">National Geophysical Data Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K">10.7289/V5TD9V7K</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Significant+Earthquake+Database&rft.pub=National+Geophysical+Data+Center%2C+NOAA&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K&rft.au=National+Geophysical+Data+Center+%2F+World+Data+Service+%28NGDC%2FWDS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngdc.noaa.gov%2Fhazel%2Fview%2Fhazards%2Fearthquake%2Fevent-more-info%2F2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_JusseretManuel_Sintubin2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-location-test">Simon Jusseret; Manuel Sintubin (9 June 2017). Written at Leuven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_JInDwAAQBAJ&q=Cairo+earthquake+1856&pg=PA179"><i>Earthquakes and Minoan Crete: breaking the myth through interdisciplinarity</i></a>. Belgium: Leuven University Press. pp. 178–180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789462701052" title="Special:BookSources/9789462701052"><bdi>9789462701052</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earthquakes+and+Minoan+Crete%3A+breaking+the+myth+through+interdisciplinarity&rft.place=Belgium&rft.pages=178-180&rft.pub=Leuven+University+Press&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft.isbn=9789462701052&rft.au=Simon+Jusseret&rft.au=Manuel+Sintubin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_JInDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DCairo%2Bearthquake%2B1856%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrech2009" class="citation news cs1">Grech, Herman (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/we-cannot-be-complacent-about-earthquakes-expert.252515">"We cannot be complacent about earthquakes – expert"</a>. <i>Times of Malta</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Malta&rft.atitle=We+cannot+be+complacent+about+earthquakes+%E2%80%93+expert&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Grech&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofmalta.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2Fwe-cannot-be-complacent-about-earthquakes-expert.252515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalea2007" class="citation journal cs1">Galea, Pauline (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/3053/3096">"Seismic history of the Maltese islands and considerations on seismic risk"</a>. <i>Annals of Geophysics</i>. <b>50</b> (6).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Seismic+history+of+the+Maltese+islands+and+considerations+on+seismic+risk&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Galea&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annalsofgeophysics.eu%2Findex.php%2Fannals%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F3053%2F3096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauline_Galea2007" class="citation journal cs1">Pauline Galea (December 2007). "Seismic history of the Maltese islands and considerations on seismic risk". <i>Annals of Geophysics</i>. <b>50</b> (6). University of Malta. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.604.1015">10.1.1.604.1015</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Seismic+history+of+the+Maltese+islands+and+considerations+on+seismic+risk&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.604.1015%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.au=Pauline+Galea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIannucci,_R.Martino,_S.Paciello,_A.2020" class="citation journal cs1">Iannucci, R.; Martino, S.; Paciello, A. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10950-019-09898-z">"Investigation of cliff instability at Għajn Ħadid Tower (Selmun Promontory, Malta) by integrated passive seismic techniques"</a>. <i>Journal of Seismology</i>. <b>24</b> (4): 897–916. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JSeis..24..897I">2020JSeis..24..897I</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10950-019-09898-z">10.1007/s10950-019-09898-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:209672820">209672820</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Seismology&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+cliff+instability+at+G%C4%A7ajn+%C4%A6adid+Tower+%28Selmun+Promontory%2C+Malta%29+by+integrated+passive+seismic+techniques&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=897-916&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A209672820%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10950-019-09898-z&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020JSeis..24..897I&rft.au=Iannucci%2C+R.&rft.au=Martino%2C+S.&rft.au=Paciello%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10950-019-09898-z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Mifsud" class="citation web cs1">Simon Mifsud. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryarchitecture.com:80/index.php/Fortifications/ghajn-hadid-tower-and-ahrax-tower.html">"Għajn Ħadid Tower and Aħrax Tower"</a>. <i>MilitaryArchitecture.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MilitaryArchitecture.com&rft.atitle=G%C4%A7ajn+%C4%A6adid+Tower+and+A%C4%A7rax+Tower&rft.au=Simon+Mifsud&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryarchitecture.com%3A80%2Findex.php%2FFortifications%2Fghajn-hadid-tower-and-ahrax-tower.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadawy,_A.Korrat,_I.El-Hadidy,_M.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Badawy, A.; Korrat, I.; El-Hadidy, M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10950-016-9621-5">"Update earthquake risk assessment in Cairo, Egypt"</a>. <i>J Seismol</i>. <b>21</b> (4): 571–589. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSeis..21..571B">2017JSeis..21..571B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10950-016-9621-5">10.1007/s10950-016-9621-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:133402193">133402193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Seismol&rft.atitle=Update+earthquake+risk+assessment+in+Cairo%2C+Egypt&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=571-589&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A133402193%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10950-016-9621-5&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017JSeis..21..571B&rft.au=Badawy%2C+A.&rft.au=Korrat%2C+I.&rft.au=El-Hadidy%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10950-016-9621-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/earthquakes-in-malta/">"Earthquakes in Malta"</a>. <i>Maltese History & Heritage</i>. 25 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maltese+History+%26+Heritage&rft.atitle=Earthquakes+in+Malta&rft.date=2013-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvassallohistory.wordpress.com%2Fearthquakes-in-malta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Jusseret_and_Manuel_Sintubin2013" class="citation journal cs1">Simon Jusseret and Manuel Sintubin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/srl/article-abstract/84/1/94/144109/The-Origins-of-an-Old-Myth-Sir-Arthur-Evans-Claude?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"The Origins of an Old Myth: Sir Arthur Evans, Claude Schaeffer and the Seismic Destruction of Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean Civilizations"</a>. <i>Seismological Research Letters</i>. <b>84</b> (1): 94–100. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SeiRL..84...94J">2013SeiRL..84...94J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1785%2F0220120098">10.1785/0220120098</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:110029713">110029713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seismological+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+an+Old+Myth%3A+Sir+Arthur+Evans%2C+Claude+Schaeffer+and+the+Seismic+Destruction+of+Late+Bronze+Age+Eastern+Mediterranean+Civilizations&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=94-100&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A110029713%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1785%2F0220120098&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013SeiRL..84...94J&rft.au=Simon+Jusseret+and+Manuel+Sintubin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.geoscienceworld.org%2Fssa%2Fsrl%2Farticle-abstract%2F84%2F1%2F94%2F144109%2FThe-Origins-of-an-Old-Myth-Sir-Arthur-Evans-Claude%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fxnnk2inWT0C&q=The+Seismicity+of+Egypt,+Arabia+and+the+Red+Sea:+A+Historical+Review"><i>The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea: A Historical Review</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521020251" title="Special:BookSources/9780521020251"><bdi>9780521020251</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seismicity+of+Egypt%2C+Arabia+and+the+Red+Sea%3A+A+Historical+Review&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780521020251&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfxnnk2inWT0C%26q%3DThe%2BSeismicity%2Bof%2BEgypt%2C%2BArabia%2Band%2Bthe%2BRed%2BSea%3A%2BA%2BHistorical%2BReview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._N._AmbraseysC._P._MelvilleR._D._Adams1994" class="citation book cs1">N. N. Ambraseys; C. P. Melville; R. D. Adams (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fxnnk2inWT0C&q=The+Seismicity+of+Egypt,+Arabia+and+the+Red+Sea:+A+Historical+Review"><i>The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea: A Historical Review</i></a>. London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 69–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511524912">10.1017/CBO9780511524912</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780511524912" title="Special:BookSources/9780511524912"><bdi>9780511524912</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seismicity+of+Egypt%2C+Arabia+and+the+Red+Sea%3A+A+Historical+Review&rft.place=London&rft.pages=69-70&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511524912&rft.isbn=9780511524912&rft.au=N.+N.+Ambraseys&rft.au=C.+P.+Melville&rft.au=R.+D.+Adams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfxnnk2inWT0C%26q%3DThe%2BSeismicity%2Bof%2BEgypt%2C%2BArabia%2Band%2Bthe%2BRed%2BSea%3A%2BA%2BHistorical%2BReview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+Heraklion+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earthquakes_in_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_Greece" title="Template:Earthquakes in Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquakes_in_Greece" title="Template talk:Earthquakes in Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes_in_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes in Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earthquakes_in_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Greece" title="List of earthquakes in Greece">Earthquakes in Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/479_BC_Potidaea_earthquake" title="479 BC Potidaea earthquake">479 BC Potidaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/464_BC_Sparta_earthquake" title="464 BC Sparta earthquake">464 BC Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/426_BC_Malian_Gulf_tsunami" title="426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami">426 BC Malian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/226_BC_Rhodes_earthquake" title="226 BC Rhodes earthquake">226 BC Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/365_Crete_earthquake" title="365 Crete earthquake">365 Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1303_Crete_earthquake" title="1303 Crete earthquake">1303 Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1481_Rhodes_earthquake" title="1481 Rhodes earthquake">1481 Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1630_Crete_earthquake" title="1630 Crete earthquake">1630 Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1743_Salento_earthquake" title="1743 Salento earthquake">1743 Salento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1810_Crete_earthquake" title="1810 Crete earthquake">1810 Crete</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1856 Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1861_Eliki_earthquake" title="1861 Eliki earthquake">1861 Eliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_Chios_earthquake" title="1881 Chios earthquake">1881 Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Peloponnese_earthquake" title="1886 Peloponnese earthquake">1886 Peloponnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Atalanti_earthquakes" title="1894 Atalanti earthquakes">1894 Atalanti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1904_Samos_earthquake" title="1904 Samos earthquake">1904 Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Ierissos_earthquake" title="1932 Ierissos earthquake">1932 Ierissos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Kos_earthquake" title="1933 Kos earthquake">1933 Kos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Ionian_earthquake" title="1953 Ionian earthquake">1953 Ionian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Sofades_earthquake" title="1954 Sofades earthquake">1954 Sofades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Amorgos_earthquake" title="1956 Amorgos earthquake">1956 Amorgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Aegean_Sea_earthquake" title="1968 Aegean Sea earthquake">1968 Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Thessaloniki_earthquake" title="1978 Thessaloniki earthquake">1978 Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Gulf_of_Corinth_earthquakes" title="1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquakes">1981 Gulf of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Kalamata_earthquake" title="1986 Kalamata earthquake">1986 Kalamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Athens_earthquake" title="1999 Athens earthquake">1999 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Greece_earthquake" title="2006 Greece earthquake">2006 Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Dodecanese_earthquake" title="2008 Dodecanese earthquake">2008 Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Peloponnese_earthquake" title="2008 Peloponnese earthquake">2008 Peloponnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Aegean_Sea_earthquake" title="2014 Aegean Sea earthquake">2014 Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Lefkada_earthquake" title="2015 Lefkada earthquake">2015 Lefkada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Lesbos_earthquake" title="2017 Lesbos earthquake">2017 Lesbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aegean_Sea_earthquake" title="2017 Aegean Sea earthquake">2017 Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Ionian_Sea_earthquake" title="2018 Ionian Sea earthquake">2018 Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Aegean_Sea_earthquake" title="2020 Aegean Sea earthquake">2020 Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Larissa_earthquake" title="2021 Larissa earthquake">2021 Larissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Arkalochori_earthquake" title="2021 Arkalochori earthquake">2021 Crete I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Lasithi_earthquake" title="2021 Lasithi earthquake">2021 Crete II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earthquakes_in_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="Template:Earthquakes in Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="Template talk:Earthquakes in Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes in Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earthquakes_in_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="List of earthquakes in Turkey">Earthquakes in Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_17_Lydia_earthquake" title="AD 17 Lydia earthquake">AD 17 Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/115_Antioch_earthquake" title="115 Antioch earthquake">115 Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/141_Lycia_earthquake" title="141 Lycia earthquake">141 Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/262_Southwest_Anatolia_earthquake" title="262 Southwest Anatolia earthquake">262 SW Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/447_Constantinople_earthquake" title="447 Constantinople earthquake">447 Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/526_Antioch_earthquake" title="526 Antioch earthquake">526 Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/528_Antioch_earthquake" title="528 Antioch earthquake">528 Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/557_Constantinople_earthquake" title="557 Constantinople earthquake">557 Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/840_Erzurum_earthquake" title="840 Erzurum earthquake">840 Erzurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/847_Damascus_earthquake" title="847 Damascus earthquake">847 Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1114_Marash_earthquake" title="1114 Marash earthquake">1114 Marash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1269_Cilicia_earthquake" title="1269 Cilicia earthquake">1269 Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1509_Constantinople_earthquake" title="1509 Constantinople earthquake">1509 Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1513_Marash_earthquake" title="1513 Marash earthquake">1513 Marash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1598_Amasya%E2%80%93%C3%87orum_earthquake" title="1598 Amasya–Çorum earthquake">1598 Amasya–Çorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1653_Smyrna_earthquake" title="1653 Smyrna earthquake">1653 Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1668_North_Anatolia_earthquake" title="1668 North Anatolia earthquake">1668 North Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1688_Smyrna_earthquake" title="1688 Smyrna earthquake">1688 Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1766_Istanbul_earthquake" title="1766 Istanbul earthquake">1766 Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1766_Marmara_earthquake" title="1766 Marmara earthquake">1766 Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Ahora_earthquake" title="1840 Ahora earthquake">1840 Ahora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855_Bursa_earthquake" title="1855 Bursa earthquake">1855 Bursa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1856 Heraklion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_Erzurum_earthquake" title="1859 Erzurum earthquake">1859 Erzurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Bing%C3%B6l_earthquake" title="1866 Bingöl earthquake">1866 Bingöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Amik_earthquake" title="1872 Amik earthquake">1872 Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Dinar_earthquake" title="1875 Dinar earthquake">1875 Dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_Chios_earthquake" title="1881 Chios earthquake">1881 Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_%C3%87e%C5%9Fme_earthquake" title="1883 Çeşme earthquake">1883 Çeşme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Malatya_earthquake" title="1893 Malatya earthquake">1893 Malatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Istanbul_earthquake" title="1894 Istanbul earthquake">1894 Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_Bal%C4%B1kesir_earthquake" title="1898 Balıkesir earthquake">1898 Balıkesir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_Ayd%C4%B1n%E2%80%93Denizli_earthquake" title="1899 Aydın–Denizli earthquake">1899 Aydın–Denizli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Manzikert_earthquake" title="1903 Manzikert earthquake">1903 Manzikert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_M%C3%BCrefte_earthquake" title="1912 Mürefte earthquake">1912 Mürefte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Burdur_earthquake" title="1914 Burdur earthquake">1914 Burdur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Ayval%C4%B1k_earthquake" title="1919 Ayvalık earthquake">1919 Ayvalık</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Pasinler_earthquake" title="1924 Pasinler earthquake">1924 Pasinler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Kars_earthquake" title="1926 Kars earthquake">1926 Kars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Su%C5%9Fehri_earthquake" title="1929 Suşehri earthquake">1929 Suşehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Salmas_earthquake" title="1930 Salmas earthquake">1930 Salmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Erdek%E2%80%93Marmara_Islands_earthquake" title="1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands earthquake">1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Digor_earthquake" title="1935 Digor earthquake">1935 Digor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_K%C4%B1r%C5%9Fehir_earthquake" title="1938 Kırşehir earthquake">1938 Kırşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Erzincan_earthquake" title="1939 Erzincan earthquake">1939 Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Van%E2%80%93Erci%C5%9F_earthquake" title="1941 Van–Erciş earthquake">1941 Van–Erciş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Niksar%E2%80%93Erbaa_earthquake" title="1942 Niksar–Erbaa earthquake">1942 Niksar–Erbaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Adapazar%C4%B1%E2%80%93Hendek_earthquake" title="1943 Adapazarı–Hendek earthquake">1943 Adapazarı–Hendek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Tosya%E2%80%93Ladik_earthquake" title="1943 Tosya–Ladik earthquake">1943 Tosya–Ladik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Bolu%E2%80%93Gerede_earthquake" title="1944 Bolu–Gerede earthquake">1944 Bolu–Gerede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Gulf_of_Edremit%E2%80%93Ayvacik_earthquake" title="1944 Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik earthquake">1944 Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Varto%E2%80%93H%C4%B1n%C4%B1s_earthquake" title="1946 Varto–Hınıs earthquake">1946 Varto–Hınıs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Karl%C4%B1ova_earthquake" title="1949 Karlıova earthquake">1949 Karlıova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Kur%C5%9Funlu_earthquake" title="1951 Kurşunlu earthquake">1951 Kurşunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Hasankale_earthquake" title="1952 Hasankale earthquake">1952 Hasankale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Yenice%E2%80%93G%C3%B6nen_earthquake" title="1953 Yenice–Gönen earthquake">1953 Yenice–Gönen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Fethiye_earthquakes" title="1957 Fethiye earthquakes">1957 Fethiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Abant_earthquake" title="1957 Abant earthquake">1957 Abant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Manyas_earthquake" title="1964 Manyas earthquake">1964 Manyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Varto_earthquake" title="1966 Varto earthquake">1966 Varto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Mudurnu_earthquake" title="1967 Mudurnu earthquake">1967 Mudurnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Bart%C4%B1n_earthquake" title="1968 Bartın earthquake">1968 Bartın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Ala%C5%9Fehir_earthquake" title="1969 Alaşehir earthquake">1969 Alaşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Gediz_earthquake" title="1970 Gediz earthquake">1970 Gediz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bing%C3%B6l_earthquake" title="1971 Bingöl earthquake">1971 Bingöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Lice_earthquake" title="1975 Lice earthquake">1975 Lice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_%C3%87ald%C4%B1ran%E2%80%93Muradiye_earthquake" title="1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye earthquake">1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Erzurum_earthquake" title="1983 Erzurum earthquake">1983 Erzurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Biga_earthquake" title="1983 Biga earthquake">1983 Biga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Malatya_earthquake" title="1986 Malatya earthquake">1986 Malatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Erzincan_earthquake" title="1992 Erzincan earthquake">1992 Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Dinar_earthquake" title="1995 Dinar earthquake">1995 Dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Adana%E2%80%93Ceyhan_earthquake" title="1998 Adana–Ceyhan earthquake">1998 Adana–Ceyhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_%C4%B0zmit_earthquake" title="1999 İzmit earthquake">1999 İzmit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_D%C3%BCzce_earthquake" title="1999 Düzce earthquake">1999 Düzce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Afyon_earthquake" title="2002 Afyon earthquake">2002 Afyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Bing%C3%B6l_earthquake" title="2003 Bingöl earthquake">2003 Bingöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Do%C4%9Fubayaz%C4%B1t_earthquake" title="2004 Doğubayazıt earthquake">2004 Doğubayazıt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F_earthquake" title="2010 Elazığ earthquake">2010 Elazığ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_K%C3%BCtahya_earthquake" title="2011 Kütahya earthquake">2011 Kütahya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Van_earthquakes" title="2011 Van earthquakes">2011 Van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Aegean_Sea_earthquake" title="2014 Aegean Sea earthquake">2014 Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aegean_Sea_earthquake" title="2017 Aegean Sea earthquake">2017 Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Istanbul_earthquake" title="2019 Istanbul earthquake">2019 Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F_earthquake" title="2020 Elazığ earthquake">2020 Elazığ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Iran%E2%80%93Turkey_earthquakes" title="2020 Iran–Turkey earthquakes">2020 Van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Bing%C3%B6l_earthquake" title="2020 Bingöl earthquake">2020 Bingöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Aegean_Sea_earthquake" title="2020 Aegean Sea earthquake">2020 Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_D%C3%BCzce_earthquake" title="2022 Düzce earthquake">2022 Düzce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquakes" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes">2023 Gaziantep–Kahramanmaraş</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earthquakes_in_the_Levant" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbccee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_the_Levant" title="Template:Earthquakes in the Levant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquakes_in_the_Levant" title="Template talk:Earthquakes in the Levant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes_in_the_Levant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes in the Levant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earthquakes_in_the_Levant" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Levant" title="List of earthquakes in the Levant">Earthquakes in the Levant</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbccee;">Classic era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/115_Antioch_earthquake" title="115 Antioch earthquake">115 Antioch earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/363_Galilee_earthquake" title="363 Galilee earthquake">363 Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/526_Antioch_earthquake" title="526 Antioch earthquake">526 Antioch earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/528_Antioch_earthquake" title="528 Antioch earthquake">528 Antioch earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/551_Beirut_earthquake" title="551 Beirut earthquake">551 Beirut earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbccee;">Middle ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/749_Galilee_earthquake" title="749 Galilee earthquake">749 Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/847_Damascus_earthquake" title="847 Damascus earthquake">847 Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/859_Syrian_coast_earthquake" title="859 Syrian coast earthquake">859 Syrian coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1033_Jordan_Valley_earthquake" title="1033 Jordan Valley earthquake">1033 Jordan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1068_Near_East_earthquake" title="1068 Near East earthquake">1068 Near East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1138_Aleppo_earthquake" title="1138 Aleppo earthquake">1138 Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1157_Hama_earthquake" title="1157 Hama earthquake">1157 Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1170_Syria_earthquake" title="1170 Syria earthquake">1170 Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1202_Syria_earthquake" title="1202 Syria earthquake">1202 Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1344_Syria_earthquake" title="1344 Syria earthquake">1344 Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbccee;">Ottoman era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_East_earthquakes_of_1759" class="mw-redirect" title="Near East earthquakes of 1759">1759 Near East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_Latakia_earthquake" title="1796 Latakia earthquake">1796 Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1822_Aleppo_earthquake" title="1822 Aleppo earthquake">1822 Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1834_Jerusalem_earthquake" title="1834 Jerusalem earthquake">1834 Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee_earthquake_of_1837" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilee earthquake of 1837">1837 Galilee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1856 Heraklion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Amik_earthquake" title="1872 Amik earthquake">1872 Amik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbccee;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1927_Jericho_earthquake" title="1927 Jericho earthquake">1927 Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Alexandria_earthquake" title="1955 Alexandria earthquake">1955 Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Chim_earthquake" title="1956 Chim earthquake">1956 Chim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sharm_El_Sheikh_earthquake" title="1969 Sharm El Sheikh earthquake">1969 Sharm El Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Gulf_of_Aqaba_earthquake" title="1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake">1995 Gulf of Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquakes" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes">2023 Turkey–Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&oldid=1257266539">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&oldid=1257266539</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1856_earthquakes" title="Category:1856 earthquakes">1856 earthquakes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1856_disasters_in_Europe" title="Category:1856 disasters in Europe">1856 disasters in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1856_in_Greece" title="Category:1856 in Greece">1856 in Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1856_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:1856 in the Ottoman Empire">1856 in the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1856_disasters_in_Asia" title="Category:1856 disasters in Asia">1856 disasters in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1856_disasters_in_Africa" title="Category:1856 disasters in Africa">1856 disasters in Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_disasters_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:19th-century disasters in the Ottoman Empire">19th-century disasters in the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:October_1856_events" title="Category:October 1856 events">October 1856 events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_Greece" title="Category:Earthquakes in Greece">Earthquakes in Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_Europe" title="Category:Earthquakes in Europe">Earthquakes in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_disasters_in_Malta" title="Category:Natural disasters in Malta">Natural disasters in Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="Category:Earthquakes in Turkey">Earthquakes in Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_the_Middle_East" title="Category:Earthquakes in the Middle East">Earthquakes in the Middle East</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_Egypt" title="Category:Earthquakes in Egypt">Earthquakes in Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_Israel" title="Category:Earthquakes in Israel">Earthquakes in Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_Syria" title="Category:Earthquakes in Syria">Earthquakes in Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_the_Levant" title="Category:Earthquakes in the Levant">Earthquakes in the Levant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_Crete" title="Category:Earthquakes in Crete">Earthquakes in Crete</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heraklion" title="Category:Heraklion">Heraklion</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_location_test" title="Category:CS1 location test">CS1 location test</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mw_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mw magnitude scale">Articles using Mw magnitude scale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EQ_articles_using_%27aftershock%27" title="Category:EQ articles using 'aftershock'">EQ articles using 'aftershock'</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 November 2024, at 01:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1856_Heraklion_earthquake&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-cc877b49b-5bhdf","wgBackendResponseTime":199,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.625","walltime":"0.781","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2566,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":106265,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5417,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":106314,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 674.666 1 -total"," 37.65% 254.027 1 Template:Reflist"," 35.07% 236.628 1 Template:Infobox_earthquake"," 34.04% 229.634 1 Template:Infobox"," 24.86% 167.722 10 Template:Cite_journal"," 12.29% 82.906 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.03% 74.415 3 Template:Navbox"," 9.76% 65.828 1 Template:Earthquakes_in_Greece"," 7.47% 50.379 1 Template:Location_map"," 7.04% 47.520 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.364","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6755434,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nv2q5","timestamp":"20241122185227","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1856 Heraklion earthquake","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1856_Heraklion_earthquake","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q28038710","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q28038710","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-01-04T23:35:16Z","dateModified":"2024-11-14T01:53:19Z","headline":"Earthquake in the Aegean Sea which caused widespread destruction in the Middle East, North Africa and Southern Europe."}</script> </body> </html>