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Phishing for Information: Spearphishing Attachment, Sub-technique T1598.002 - Enterprise | MITRE ATT&CK®

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Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: <a href="/techniques/T1585">Establish Accounts</a> or <a href="/techniques/T1586">Compromise Accounts</a>) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.</p><p>All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon the recipient populating information then returning the file.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ducklin, P. (2020, October 2). Serious Security: Phishing without links – when phishers bring along their own web pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020."data-reference="Sophos Attachment"><sup><a href="https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2020/10/02/serious-security-phishing-without-links-when-phishers-bring-along-their-own-web-pages/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ryan Hanson. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved October 23, 2020."data-reference="GitHub Phishery"><sup><a href="https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span> The text of the spearphishing email usually tries to give a plausible reason why the file should be filled-in, such as a request for information from a business associate. Adversaries may also use information from previous reconnaissance efforts (ex: <a href="/techniques/T1593">Search Open Websites/Domains</a> or <a href="/techniques/T1594">Search Victim-Owned Websites</a>) to craft persuasive and believable lures.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID:&nbsp;</span>T1598.002 </div> </div> <!--stop-indexing-for-search--> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-technique of:&nbsp;</span> <a href="/techniques/T1598">T1598</a> </div> </div> <!--start-indexing-for-search--> <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">&#9432;</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactic:</span> <a href="/tactics/TA0043">Reconnaissance</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">&#9432;</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms:&nbsp;</span>PRE </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Contributors:&nbsp;</span>Philip Winther; Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos; Sebastian Salla, McAfee </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version:&nbsp;</span>1.1 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created:&nbsp;</span>02 October 2020 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified:&nbsp;</span>31 May 2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button live"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T1598.002" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1598/002/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T1598.002" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1598/002/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a><!--do not change this line without also changing versions.py--> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0035"> G0035 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0035"> Dragonfly </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0035">Dragonfly</a> has used spearphishing with Microsoft Office attachments to enable harvesting of user credentials.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018."data-reference="US-CERT TA18-074A"><sup><a href="https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1008"> G1008 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1008"> SideCopy </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1008">SideCopy</a> has crafted generic lures for spam campaigns to collect emails and credentials for targeting efforts.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Threat Intelligence Team. (2021, December 2). SideCopy APT: Connecting lures victims, payloads to infrastructure. Retrieved June 13, 2022."data-reference="MalwareBytes SideCopy Dec 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/12/sidecopy-apt-connecting-lures-to-victims-payloads-to-infrastructure" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0121"> G0121 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0121"> Sidewinder </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0121">Sidewinder</a> has sent e-mails with malicious attachments that lead victims to credential harvesting websites.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."data-reference="ATT Sidewinder January 2021"><sup><a href="https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-6') id="scite-ref-6-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Rewterz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021."data-reference="Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="5" aria-describedby="qtip-5">[6]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-7') id="scite-ref-7-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."data-reference="Cyble Sidewinder September 2020"><sup><a href="https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="6" aria-describedby="qtip-6">[7]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1033"> G1033 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1033"> Star Blizzard </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1033">Star Blizzard</a> has sent emails to establish rapport with targets eventually sending messages with attachments containing links to credential-stealing sites.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-8') id="scite-ref-8-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft Threat Intelligence. (2022, August 15). Disrupting SEABORGIUM’s ongoing phishing operations. Retrieved June 13, 2024."data-reference="Microsoft Star Blizzard August 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/08/15/disrupting-seaborgiums-ongoing-phishing-operations/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="7" aria-describedby="qtip-7">[8]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-9') id="scite-ref-9-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CISA, et al. (2023, December 7). Russian FSB Cyber Actor Star Blizzard Continues Worldwide Spear-phishing Campaigns. Retrieved June 13, 2024."data-reference="CISA Star Blizzard Advisory December 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-341a" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="8" aria-describedby="qtip-8">[9]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-10') id="scite-ref-10-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft Threat Intelligence. (2023, December 7). Star Blizzard increases sophistication and evasion in ongoing attacks. Retrieved February 13, 2024."data-reference="StarBlizzard"><sup><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/12/07/star-blizzard-increases-sophistication-and-evasion-in-ongoing-attacks/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="9" aria-describedby="qtip-9">[10]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-11') id="scite-ref-11-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Shields, W. (2024, January 18). Russian threat group COLDRIVER expands its targeting of Western officials to include the use of malware. Retrieved June 13, 2024."data-reference="Google TAG COLDRIVER January 2024"><sup><a href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/google-tag-coldriver-russian-phishing-malware/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="10" aria-describedby="qtip-10">[11]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1054"> M1054 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1054"> Software Configuration </a> </td> <td> <p>Use anti-spoofing and email authentication mechanisms to filter messages based on validity checks of the sender domain (using SPF) and integrity of messages (using DKIM). Enabling these mechanisms within an organization (through policies such as DMARC) may enable recipients (intra-org and cross domain) to perform similar message filtering and validation.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-12') id="scite-ref-12-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."data-reference="Microsoft Anti Spoofing"><sup><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="11" aria-describedby="qtip-11">[12]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-13') id="scite-ref-13-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."data-reference="ACSC Email Spoofing"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210708014107/https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="12" aria-describedby="qtip-12">[13]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1017"> M1017 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1017"> User Training </a> </td> <td> <p>Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0015"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0015">DS0015</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0015">Application Log</a> </td> <!-- Add first data component here --> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0015/#Application%20Log%20Content">Application Log Content</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-12') id="scite-ref-12-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."data-reference="Microsoft Anti Spoofing"><sup><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="11" aria-describedby="qtip-11">[12]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-13') id="scite-ref-13-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."data-reference="ACSC Email Spoofing"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210708014107/https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="12" aria-describedby="qtip-12">[13]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0029"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0029">DS0029</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0029">Network Traffic</a> </td> <!-- Add first data component here --> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0029/#Network%20Traffic%20Content">Network Traffic Content</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datacomponent datasource" id="uses-DS0029-Network Traffic Flow"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0029/#Network%20Traffic%20Flow">Network Traffic Flow</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor network data for uncommon data flows. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2020/10/02/serious-security-phishing-without-links-when-phishers-bring-along-their-own-web-pages/" target="_blank"> Ducklin, P. (2020, October 2). Serious Security: Phishing without links – when phishers bring along their own web pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery" target="_blank"> Ryan Hanson. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved October 23, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A" target="_blank"> US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-4" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-4" href="https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/12/sidecopy-apt-connecting-lures-to-victims-payloads-to-infrastructure" target="_blank"> Threat Intelligence Team. (2021, December 2). SideCopy APT: Connecting lures victims, payloads to infrastructure. Retrieved June 13, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-5" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-5" href="https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf" target="_blank"> Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-6" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-6" href="https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis" target="_blank"> Rewterz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-7" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-7" href="https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/" target="_blank"> Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="8.0"> <li> <span id="scite-8" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-8" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/08/15/disrupting-seaborgiums-ongoing-phishing-operations/" target="_blank"> Microsoft Threat Intelligence. (2022, August 15). Disrupting SEABORGIUM’s ongoing phishing operations. Retrieved June 13, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-9" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-9" href="https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-341a" target="_blank"> CISA, et al. (2023, December 7). Russian FSB Cyber Actor Star Blizzard Continues Worldwide Spear-phishing Campaigns. Retrieved June 13, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-10" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-10" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/12/07/star-blizzard-increases-sophistication-and-evasion-in-ongoing-attacks/" target="_blank"> Microsoft Threat Intelligence. (2023, December 7). Star Blizzard increases sophistication and evasion in ongoing attacks. Retrieved February 13, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-11" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-11" href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/google-tag-coldriver-russian-phishing-malware/" target="_blank"> Shields, W. (2024, January 18). Russian threat group COLDRIVER expands its targeting of Western officials to include the use of malware. Retrieved June 13, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-12" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-12" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide" target="_blank"> Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-13" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-13" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210708014107/https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf" target="_blank"> Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--stop-indexing-for-search--> <!-- search overlay for entire page -- not displayed inline --> <div class="overlay search" id="search-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="overlay-inner"> <!-- text input for searching --> <div class="search-header"> <div class="search-input"> <input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="search"> </div> <div class="search-icons"> <div class="search-parsing-icon spinner-border" style="display: none" id="search-parsing-icon"></div> <div class="close-search-icon" id="close-search-icon">&times;</div> </div> </div> <!-- results and controls for loading more results --> <div id="search-body" class="search-body"> <div class="results" id="search-results"> <!-- content will be appended here on search --> </div> <div id="load-more-results" class="load-more-results"> <button class="btn btn-default" id="load-more-results-button">load more results</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1"> <!-- footer elements --> <footer class="col footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2"> <div class="footer-center-responsive my-auto"> <a href="https://www.mitre.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="MITRE"> <img src="/theme/images/mitrelogowhiteontrans.gif" class="mitre-logo-wtrans"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 footer-responsive-break"></div> <div class="footer-link-group"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/engage-with-attack/contact" class="footer-link">Contact Us</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/terms-of-use" class="footer-link">Terms of Use</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/privacy" class="footer-link">Privacy Policy</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/changelog.html" class="footer-link" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" data-html="true" title="ATT&amp;CK content v16.1&#013;Website v4.2.1">Website Changelog</a></u> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <small class="px-3"> &copy;&nbsp;2015&nbsp;-&nbsp;2024, The MITRE Corporation. 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