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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Focusing_illusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Focusing illusion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Focusing_illusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Teaching </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_Amos_Tversky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_Amos_Tversky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Partnership with Amos Tversky </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_Amos_Tversky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Awards and recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Honorary degrees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_contributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_contributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notable contributions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_contributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Daniel Kahneman</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" > 66 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دانيال كانمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دانيال كانمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ডেনিয়েল কাহনেমেন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ডেনিয়েল কাহনেমেন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniel_Kaneman" title="Deniel Kaneman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Deniel Kaneman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86" title="دنیل کانمن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دنیل کانمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ড্যানিয়েল কানেমান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ড্যানিয়েল কানেমান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Даніэль Канеман – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даніэль Канеман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Даниел Канеман – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Даниел Канеман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دانييل كانيمان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دانييل كانيمان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86" title="دنیل کانمن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دنیل کانمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%8B%88%EC%96%BC_%EC%B9%B4%EB%84%88%EB%A8%BC" title="대니얼 카너먼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대니얼 카너먼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Դանիել Քանեման – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դանիել Քանեման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="डैनियल कान्नमैन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डैनियल कान्नमैन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="דניאל כהנמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דניאל כהנמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="დანიელ კანემანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დანიელ კანემანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denjels_Kanemans" title="Denjels Kanemans – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Denjels Kanemans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Даниел Канеман – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Даниел Канеман" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دانيال كانمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دانيال كانمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Даниель Каннеман – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Даниель Каннеман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="ダニエル・カーネマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダニエル・カーネマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%84_%DA%A9%DB%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86" title="ڈینیئل کہنیمن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈینیئل کہنیمن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Канеман, Даниэль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Канеман, Даниэль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8E%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8E%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دانیێل کانێمان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دانیێل کانێمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Данијел Канеман – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Данијел Канеман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="டேனியல் கானமென் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டேனியல் கானமென்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Даниел Канеман – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Даниел Канеман" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="แดเนียล คาฮ์นะมัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แดเนียล คาฮ์นะมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Деніел Канеман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Деніел Канеман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%A9%DB%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86" title="ڈینئیل کہنیمن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈینئیل کہنیمن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%BC" title="丹尼尔·卡尼曼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="丹尼尔·卡尼曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Daniel Kahneman" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E6%9B%BC" title="丹尼·加利曼 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="丹尼·加利曼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%BC" title="丹尼尔·卡尼曼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Israeli-American psychologist and economist (1934–2024)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Daniel Kahneman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="he">דניאל כהנמן</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Kahneman_(3283955327)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Daniel_Kahneman_%283283955327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Daniel_Kahneman_%283283955327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Daniel_Kahneman_%283283955327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Daniel_Kahneman_%283283955327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Daniel_Kahneman_%283283955327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Daniel_Kahneman_%283283955327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="818" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Kahneman in 2009</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1934-03-05)March 5, 1934 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 27, 2024(2024-03-27) (aged 90) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, New York, U.S.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American, Israeli</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>) <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_bias" title="Cognitive bias">Cognitive biases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_theory" title="Prospect theory">Prospect theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_aversion" title="Loss aversion">Loss aversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedonic_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedonic psychology">Hedonic psychology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li>Irah Kahneman</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1978; died 2018)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Tversky" title="Barbara Tversky">Barbara Tversky</a> (2020–2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">APA</a> Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a> <a href="/wiki/Grawemeyer_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grawemeyer Award">Grawemeyer Award</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">APA</a> Lifetime Achievement Award (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Scientific career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li>Economics</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (1993–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (1986–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a> (1978–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Study_in_the_Behavioral_Sciences" title="Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences">Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford">Stanford</a> (1972–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> (1961–77)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oskicat.berkeley.edu/record=b12138684~S1">An analytical model of the semantic differential</a> (1961)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Susan_M._Ervin-Tripp" title="Susan M. Ervin-Tripp">Susan M. Ervin-Tripp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anat_Ninio" title="Anat Ninio">Anat Ninio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avishai_Henik" title="Avishai Henik">Avishai Henik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Fischhoff" title="Baruch Fischhoff">Baruch Fischhoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziv_Carmon" title="Ziv Carmon">Ziv Carmon</a></li> <li>Nathan Novemsky</li> <li>Maria Stone</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Kahneman_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_11_Aug_2013_b0381l2v.flac" title="File:Daniel Kahneman BBC Radio4 Desert Island Discs 11 Aug 2013 b0381l2v.flac"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Daniel Kahneman's voice</div></a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="41" data-mwtitle="Daniel_Kahneman_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_11_Aug_2013_b0381l2v.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Daniel_Kahneman_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_11_Aug_2013_b0381l2v.flac/Daniel_Kahneman_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_11_Aug_2013_b0381l2v.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Daniel_Kahneman_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_11_Aug_2013_b0381l2v.flac/Daniel_Kahneman_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_11_Aug_2013_b0381l2v.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Daniel_Kahneman_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_11_Aug_2013_b0381l2v.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Kahneman_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_11_Aug_2013_b0381l2v.flac" title="File:Daniel Kahneman BBC Radio4 Desert Island Discs 11 Aug 2013 b0381l2v.flac">Recorded August 2013</a> from the BBC Radio 4 programme <a href="/wiki/Desert_Island_Discs" title="Desert Island Discs">Desert Island Discs</a></div></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.princeton.edu/kahneman/">scholar.princeton.edu/kahneman/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Daniel Kahneman (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkɑːnəmən/</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: דניאל כהנמן; March 5, 1934 – March 27, 2024) was an Israeli-American psychologist best known for his work on the <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment">judgment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">decision-making</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">behavioral economics</a>, for which he was awarded the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a>. Kahneman's published empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. Kahneman became known as the "grandfather of behavioral economics."<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a> and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors that arise from <a href="/wiki/Heuristics_in_judgment_and_decision_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Heuristics in judgment and decision making">heuristics and biases</a>, and developed <a href="/wiki/Prospect_theory" title="Prospect theory">prospect theory</a>. In 2011, Kahneman was named by <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> magazine in its list of top global thinkers.<a href="#cite_note-ForeignPolicy_November_2011-5">[5]</a> In the same year, his book <a href="/wiki/Thinking,_Fast_and_Slow" title="Thinking, Fast and Slow">Thinking, Fast and Slow</a>, which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world. Kahneman was professor <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a> of psychology and public affairs at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Princeton_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Princeton School of Public and International Affairs">Princeton School of Public and International Affairs</a>. Kahneman was a founding partner of TGG Group, a business and philanthropy consulting company. He was married to cognitive psychologist and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> Fellow <a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a>, who died in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-NobelPrize_Bio_2002-7">[7]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Daniel Kahneman was born in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>, on March 5, 1934.<a href="#cite_note-:11-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9">[9]</a> His parents were <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Jews">Lithuanian Jews</a> who had emigrated to France in the early 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-9">[9]</a> He spent his childhood years in Paris. Kahneman and his family were in Paris when it was <a href="/wiki/Paris_in_World_War_II" title="Paris in World War II">occupied by Nazi Germany</a> in 1940. His father, Efrayim, was picked up in the first major round-up of <a href="/wiki/French_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="French Jews">French Jews</a>, but he was released after six weeks due to the intervention of his employer, <a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">La Cagoule</a> backer <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Schueller" title="Eugène Schueller">Eugène Schueller</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MLTUP2016-10">[10]</a>: 52  The family was on the run for the remainder of the war but survived except for Efrayim who died of <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> in 1944.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-9">[9]</a> Kahneman and his family then moved to <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">British Mandatory Palestine</a> in 1948, just before the creation of the state of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel_(1948%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Israel (1948–present)">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NobelPrize_Bio_2002-7">[7]</a> Kahneman wrote of his experience in <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Nazi-occupied France</a>, explaining in part why he entered the field of psychology: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">It must have been late 1941 or early 1942. Jews were required to wear the Star of David and to obey a 6 p.m. curfew. I had gone to play with a Christian friend and had stayed too late. I turned my brown sweater inside out to walk the few blocks home. As I was walking down an empty street, I saw a German soldier approaching. He was wearing the black uniform that I had been told to fear more than others – the one worn by specially recruited SS soldiers. As I came closer to him, trying to walk fast, I noticed that he was looking at me intently. Then he beckoned me over, picked me up, and hugged me. I was terrified that he would notice the star inside my sweater. He was speaking to me with great emotion, in German. When he put me down, he opened his wallet, showed me a picture of a boy, and gave me some money. I went home more certain than ever that my mother was right: people were endlessly complicated and interesting.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>NobelPrize Bio 2002</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_early_career">Education and early career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education and early career">edit</a>]</div> In 1954, Kahneman received his Bachelor of Science degree, with a major in psychology and a minor in mathematics, from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>. Israeli intellectual <a href="/wiki/Yeshayahu_Leibowitz" title="Yeshayahu Leibowitz">Yeshayahu Leibowitz</a>, whom Kahneman describes as influential in his intellectual development, was Kahneman's chemistry teacher at <a href="/wiki/Beit-Hakerem_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit-Hakerem High School">Beit-Hakerem High School</a>, and Kahneman's physiology professor at university.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> Kahneman was average in mathematics, but he thrived in psychology.<a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[12]</a> Kahneman was led to psychology when he discovered in his teens that he was more interested in why people believe in God than in whether God exists, and more interested in indignation than in ethics.<a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[12]</a> In 1954, he began his military service as a second lieutenant, serving for a year in infantry.<a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[12]</a> He then served in the psychology department of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defense Forces">Israeli Defense Forces</a>. He developed a structured interview for combat recruits, which remained in use in the IDF for several decades. Kahneman describes his military service as a "very important period" in his life.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In 1958, he went to the United States to study for his PhD in Psychology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>. His 1961 dissertation, advised by <a href="/wiki/Susan_M._Ervin-Tripp" title="Susan M. Ervin-Tripp">Susan Ervin</a>, examined relations between adjectives in the <a href="/wiki/Semantic_differential" title="Semantic differential">semantic differential</a> and allowed him to "engage in two of [his] favorite pursuits: the analysis of complex correlational structures and <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">FORTRAN</a> programming".<a href="#cite_note-NobelPrize_Bio_2002-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Academic career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cognitive_psychology">Cognitive psychology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cognitive psychology">edit</a>]</div> Kahneman received a bachelor's degree in psychology and mathematics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1954 and a degree in psychology from the University of California, Berkeley，in 1961, and went on to become a lecturer in psychology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem later in 1961<a href="#cite_note-NobelPrize_Bio_2002-7">[7]</a> and was promoted to senior lecturer in 1966. His early work focused on visual perception and attention.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> From 1965 to 1966, he was a visiting scientist at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, a fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies and a lecturer in <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">cognitive psychology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in 1966 to 1967, and during the summers of 1968 and 1969 he was a visiting scientist at the <a href="/wiki/MRC_Cognition_and_Brain_Sciences_Unit" title="MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit">Applied Psychology Research Unit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. His work on attention led to a book, Attention and Effort, in which he presented a theory of effort based on studies of pupillary changes during mental tasks.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Kahneman also developed rules of counterfactual thinking, and published "Norm Theory" with Dale Miller.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judgment_and_decision-making">Judgment and decision-making</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judgment and decision-making">edit</a>]</div> Kahneman's lengthy collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a> began in 1969, after Tversky gave a guest lecture at one of Kahneman's seminars at Hebrew University.<a href="#cite_note-NobelPrize_Bio_2002-7">[7]</a> Their first jointly written paper, "Belief in the Law of Small Numbers," was published in 1971. They published seven journal articles in the years 1971 to 1979. They flipped a coin to determine whose name would appear first on their initial paper and alternated thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Their article "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases" introduced the notion of <a href="/wiki/Anchoring_(cognitive_bias)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchoring (cognitive bias)">anchoring</a>. Kahneman and Tversky spent an entire year at an office in the Van Leer Institute in Jerusalem, writing this paper. They spent more than three years revising an early version of <a href="/wiki/Prospect_theory" title="Prospect theory">prospect theory</a> that was completed in early 1975. The final version was published in 1979 in <a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a>, the leading economic journal at the time.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> That paper became the most cited in economics. Its success was due to its synthesis of ideas and results discussed at the time about economic behavior under risk in a simple model, whose predictions were systematically supported by psychological experiments. The pair also teamed with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Slovic" title="Paul Slovic">Paul Slovic</a> to edit a compilation entitled "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases" (1982) that was a summary of their work and of other recent advances that had influenced their thinking. Kahneman was ultimately awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics</a> in 2002 "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty".<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In the introduction of "Thinking, Fast and Slow", Kahneman acknowledges and shares that "our collaboration on judgment and decision making was the reason for the Nobel Prize that I received in 2002, which <a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a> would have shared had he not died, aged fifty-nine, in 1996".<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Kahneman left Hebrew University in 1978 to take a position at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NobelPrize_Bio_2002-7">[7]</a> In 2021, Kahneman co-authored a book with <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Sibony" title="Olivier Sibony">Olivier Sibony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a>, titled <a href="/wiki/Noise:_A_Flaw_in_Human_Judgment" title="Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment">Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The Harvard psychologist and author <a href="/wiki/Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Steven Pinker</a> said of Kahneman that: "His central message could not be more important, namely, that human reason left to its own devices is apt to engage in a number of fallacies and systematic errors, so if we want to make better decisions in our personal lives and as a society, we ought to be aware of these biases and seek workarounds. That's a powerful and important discovery."<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behavioral_economics">Behavioral economics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Behavioral economics">edit</a>]</div> Kahneman and Tversky both spent the academic year 1977 to 1978 at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, Kahneman as a fellow at the school's <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Study_in_the_Behavioral_Sciences" title="Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences">Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences</a> interdisciplinary research lab and Tversky with a visiting appointment at the university's psychology department.<a href="#cite_note-:8-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a> was a visiting professor at the Stanford branch of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a> during that same year.<a href="#cite_note-:8-22">[22]</a> According to Kahneman: "We soon became friends, and have ever since had a considerable influence on each other's thinking."<a href="#cite_note-NobelPrize_Bio_2002-7">[7]</a> Building in part on prospect theory and Kahneman and Tversky's body of work, Thaler published "Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice" in 1980, a paper which Kahneman called "the founding text of behavioral economics".<a href="#cite_note-NobelPrize_Bio_2002-7">[7]</a> Richard Thaler obtained a grant from the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Sage_Foundation" title="Russell Sage Foundation">Russell Sage Foundation</a> to spend the academic year 1984 to 1985 with Kahneman at the University of British Columbia.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Together with Kahneman's friend Jack Knetsch they worked on two papers on fairness and on the endowment effect.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> From 1979 to 1986, Kahneman published multiple articles and chapters.<a href="#cite_note-:5-25">[25]</a> Kahneman published one chapter during the years 1987 to 1989.<a href="#cite_note-:5-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> A few papers on decision making appeared after that hiatus, notably cumulative prospect theory, and an explanation of risk-taking by unrealistic "bold forecasts", but the focus of Kahneman's research from that time was the study of subjective experience.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_of_utility">Variants of utility</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Variants of utility">edit</a>]</div> Economists distinguish experienced utility—in the sense of <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">utilitarianism</a>—from decision utility, which is the utility explained by and derived from choices.<a href="#cite_note-:2-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> The experienced utility of an episode is formalized as the temporal integration of momentary utility.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> Kahneman further distinguished the expected utility from both remembered and predicted utility. Predicted utility (better known as <a href="/wiki/Affective_forecasting" title="Affective forecasting">affective forecasting</a>)<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> is the predicted experienced utility for a future experience.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Remembered utility is the evaluation of a past experience.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-29">[29]</a> The essential finding of many experiments is that memories of experienced utility are systematically inaccurate. Furthermore, the remembered evaluation of past episodes (remembered utility) is the best predictor of subsequent decision utility.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> One of the cognitive biases of remembered utility is called the <a href="/wiki/Peak%E2%80%93end_rule" title="Peak–end rule">peak–end rule</a>. It affects how people remember the pleasantness or unpleasantness of experiences. It states that a person's overall impression of past events is determined, for the most part, not by the total pleasure and suffering it contained, but by how it felt at its peak and at its end.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> For example, the memory of a painful colonoscopy is improved if the examination is extended by three minutes in which the scope is still inside but not moved anymore, resulting in a moderately uncomfortable sensation. This extended colonoscopy, despite involving more pain overall, is remembered less negatively due to the reduced pain at the end. This even increases the likelihood for the patient to return for subsequent procedures.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Happiness_and_life_satisfaction">Happiness and life satisfaction</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Happiness and life satisfaction">edit</a>]</div> The analysis of the experienced utility of short episodes readily extends to the broader notion of happiness. This connection led Kahneman, together with <a href="/wiki/Ed_Diener" title="Ed Diener">Ed Diener</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Schwarz" title="Norbert Schwarz">Norbert Schwarz</a> to organize a workshop, which yielded a book that covered a range of topics in hedonic psychology, which they defined as "the study of what makes experiences and life pleasant or unpleasant.<a href="#cite_note-:4-38">[38]</a> It is concerned with feelings of pleasure and pain, of interest and boredom, of joy and sorrow, and of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. It is also concerned with the whole range of circumstances, from the biological to the societal, that occasion suffering and enjoyment.<a href="#cite_note-:4-38">[38]</a> Most studies of well-being use retrospective questions such as "How happy are you these days?". A smaller number of studies use experience sampling, in which people are probed at random times during the day, and asked to rate their experience of the present moment. Much later (source TED talk) Kahneman described this distinction in terms of two selves: the experiencing self, which is aware of pleasure and pain as they are happening, and the remembering self, which shows the aggregate pleasure and pain over an extended period of time.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Kahneman initially believed that the happiness of the experiencing self is the true measure of well-being. Around 2000, he assembled a team consisting of <a href="/wiki/Alan_Krueger" title="Alan Krueger">Alan Krueger</a>, David Schkade, Norbert Schwarz and Arthur Stone. The mission of the team was to create a measure of experienced happiness that economists could take seriously. As a more practical substitute to the experience sampling techniques of the time, the team developed The Day-Reconstruction Method, in which participants described the day as a sequence of episodes, and rated the experience on several affective dimensions.<a href="#cite_note-:6-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Kahneman also participated in the formulation of the well-being module of the Gallup World Poll.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The effort to measure experienced happiness was only partly successful. Measures of affect are routinely included in well-being questionnaires, but the idea that experienced happiness is the better concept did not hold. Kahneman defined happiness in terms of "what I experience here and now",<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> but says that in reality humans pursue life satisfaction,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> which "is connected to a large degree to social yardsticks—achieving goals, meeting expectations".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Focusing_illusion">Focusing illusion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Focusing illusion">edit</a>]</div> With David Schkade, Kahneman developed the notion of the <a href="/wiki/Focusing_illusion" title="Focusing illusion">focusing illusion</a> to explain in part the mistakes people make when estimating the effects of different scenarios on their future happiness (also known as <a href="/wiki/Affective_forecasting" title="Affective forecasting">affective forecasting</a>, which has been studied extensively by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gilbert_(psychologist)" title="Daniel Gilbert (psychologist)">Daniel Gilbert</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:6-40">[40]</a> The "illusion" occurs when people consider the impact of one specific factor on their overall happiness, they tend to greatly exaggerate the importance of that factor, while overlooking the numerous other factors that would in most cases have a greater impact.<a href="#cite_note-:7-48">[48]</a> In what has been considered his most famous dictum,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Kahneman described the illusion in Thinking, Fast and Slow, writing: “Nothing in life is as important as you think it is when you are thinking about it.”<a href="#cite_note-:2-29">[29]</a> A good example is provided by Kahneman and Schkade's 1998 paper, "Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction". In that paper, students in the <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwest</a> and in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> reported similar levels of life satisfaction, but the Midwesterners thought their Californian peers would be happier. The only distinguishing information the Midwestern students had when making these judgments was the fact that their hypothetical peers lived in California. Thus, they "focused" on this distinction, thereby overestimating the effect of the weather in California on its residents' satisfaction with life.<a href="#cite_note-:7-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching">Teaching</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Teaching">edit</a>]</div> Kahneman taught at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem from 1970–1978. He then became a professor at the University of British Columbia, leaving in 1986. Next, he taught at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1986 to 1994.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Thereafter, Kahneman was a senior scholar and faculty member emeritus at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Department_of_Psychology" title="Princeton University Department of Psychology">Department of Psychology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princeton_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Princeton School of Public and International Affairs">Princeton School of Public and International Affairs</a>. He was also a fellow at Hebrew University and a <a href="/wiki/The_Gallup_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gallup Organization">Gallup</a> Senior Scientist.<a href="#cite_note-Gallup_Bio-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnership_with_Amos_Tversky">Partnership with Amos Tversky</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Partnership with Amos Tversky">edit</a>]</div> Kahneman and <a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a>'s collaboration helped launch the field of behavioral economics.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Kahneman and Tversky first crossed paths in the Psychology department at the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-:10-53">[53]</a> In the period between 1971 and 1979 they published work on judgment and decision-making that led to Kahneman winning the Nobel Prize.<a href="#cite_note-:10-53">[53]</a> During this period they were described as “inseparable” and as “soul mates”.<a href="#cite_note-MLTUP2016-10">[10]</a> After leaving Israel in 1978 and accepting positions at different universities, the intensity and exclusivity of their earlier period of joint collaboration was reduced.<a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[12]</a> According to Kahneman the collaboration "tapered off" in the early 1980s, although they tried to revive it,<a href="#cite_note-:11-8">[8]</a> but the period when Kahneman published almost exclusively with Tversky ended in 1983, when he published two papers with <a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a>, his wife since 1978.<a href="#cite_note-:5-25">[25]</a> Factors contributing to this estrangement included Tversky receiving most of the external credit for the output of the partnership, and a reduction in the generosity with which Tversky and Kahneman interacted with each other,<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> leading Kahneman to say, “I eventually divorced him”. However, they would continue to publish together until the end of Tversky's life, and worked together on the introduction to an edited collection of papers related to their work during the last six month's of Tversky's life.<a href="#cite_note-:10-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> Kahneman's first wife was Irah Kahneman,<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> an Israeli social researcher, with whom he had two children. They were later divorced.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Kahneman's daughter, Lenore Shoham, who works in technology, collaborated with her father on his Nobel lecture.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> His son, Michael Kahneman, has <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>; Kahneman was quoted as saying that Michael "would have been a very brilliant economist."<a href="#cite_note-guardian-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> His second wife was the cognitive psychologist <a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a>, from 1978 until her death in 2018. They lived part-time in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> From 2020, he lived in New York City with <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Tversky" title="Barbara Tversky">Barbara Tversky</a>, the widow of his long-time collaborator <a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> Kahneman's paternal uncle was <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Shlomo_Kahaneman" title="Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman">Rabbi Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Ponevezh_Yeshiva" title="Ponevezh Yeshiva">Ponevezh Yeshiva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> In 2015, Kahneman said he had always been "far on the left of the spectrum in Israeli politics".<a href="#cite_note-:9-63">[63]</a> He described himself as a very hard worker, "a worrier" and "not a jolly person", who is "quite capable of great enjoyment, and I've had a great life".<a href="#cite_note-:9-63">[63]</a> Richard Thaler called his close friend an "avid pessimist." Thaler, a self-described optimist stated that he failed to convince Kahneman to spend less time worrying as Kahneman "claimed this was rational because he would not be disappointed as much with the outcomes of life."<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Kahneman died on March 27, 2024, three weeks after his 90th birthday.<a href="#cite_note-WP-65">[65]</a> Former colleague and Princeton faculty member, <a href="/wiki/Eldar_Shafir" title="Eldar Shafir">Eldar Shafir</a> said that Kahneman "was a giant in the field" and that "many areas in the social sciences simply have not been the same since he arrived on the scene. He will be greatly missed."<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Behavioural economist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a> said Kahneman's work was "one of the most important accomplishments of 20th century science," and added, "It's hard to think of any psychologist whose work has influenced so many different fields."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Kahneman and Tversky were “the founders of our field”, said <a href="/wiki/Ulrike_Malmendier" title="Ulrike Malmendier">Ulrike Malmendier</a>, a behavioral economist and member of the German official council of economic experts.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In 1982, he received (joint with Amos Tversky), the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions from the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>In 1992, he received the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Consumer_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Society for Consumer Psychology">Society for Consumer Psychology</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>In 1995, he was selected for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apadiv1.org/awards-grants/apply/5tg8qboyearxv91mmm0vht/">Hilgard Award</a> for Lifetime Contributions to General Psychology<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>In 1995, he received (joint with Amos Tversky), the Warren Medal of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Experimental_Psychologists" title="Society of Experimental Psychologists">Society of Experimental Psychologists</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li>In 2001, he was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li>In 2002, Kahneman received the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a>, despite being a research psychologist, for his work in prospect theory. Kahneman stated he has never taken a single economics course – that everything that he knows of the subject he and Tversky learned from their collaborators <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a> and Jack Knetsch.</li> <li>Kahneman, co-recipient with Tversky, earned the 2003 <a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a> <a href="/wiki/Grawemeyer_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grawemeyer Award">Grawemeyer Award</a> for Psychology.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>In 2004, he was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li>In 2005, he received the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Community-Prizes/Decision-Analysis-Society/Decision-Analysis-Publication-Award">Decision Analysis Publication Award</a> (for best paper published in 2003) by the Decision Analysis Society<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li>In 2006, he received the Kampe de Feriet Award from the Society for Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>In 2006, he received the Thomas Schelling Prize for intellectual contribution to public policy through the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Kennedy School for Public Policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>In 2006, he received (joint with Amos Tversky) the Frank P. Ramsey Medal of the Decision Analysis Society<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li>In 2007, he was presented with the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a>'s <a href="/wiki/APA_Award_for_Lifetime_Contributions_to_Psychology" title="APA Award for Lifetime Contributions to Psychology">Award for Outstanding Lifetime Contributions to Psychology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-APA_April_2007-81">[81]</a></li> <li>In 2008, he received the John McGovern Award Lecture of <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">The American Association for the Advancement of Science</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li>In 2008, Kahneman was elected to be a Corresponding Fellow at the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li>In 2010, he received the Tufts University, <a href="/wiki/Leontief_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Leontief Prize">Leontief Prize</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li>In 2011, he became a Distinguished Fellow of The <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li>In both 2011 and 2012, he made the <a href="/wiki/50_Most_Influential_(Bloomberg_Markets_ranking)" class="mw-redirect" title="50 Most Influential (Bloomberg Markets ranking)">Bloomberg 50 most influential people in global finance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_The_50_Most_Influential_People_in_Global_Finance-86">[86]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍]</li> <li>On November 9, 2011, he was awarded the Talcott Parsons Prize by the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li>His book <a href="/wiki/Thinking,_Fast_and_Slow" title="Thinking, Fast and Slow">Thinking, Fast and Slow</a> was the winner of the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times_Book_Prize" title="Los Angeles Times Book Prize">Los Angeles Times Book Award for Current Interest</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes_April_2012-88">[88]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> Communication Award for the best book published in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li>In 2012, he was accepted as corresponding academician at the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a> (Economic and Financial Sciences).<a href="#cite_note-RACEF_June_2012-90">[90]</a></li> <li>In 2013, he received the McGovern Award in Science by the <a href="/wiki/Cosmos_Club" title="Cosmos Club">Cosmos Club</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li>In 2013, he received the SAGE-CASBS Award for Social Science<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li>On August 8, 2013, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> announced that Daniel Kahneman would be a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li>In December 2018, Kahneman was named a Gold Medal Honoree by <a href="/wiki/The_National_Institute_of_Social_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Institute of Social Sciences">The National Institute of Social Sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li>In 2015, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Eco2015-95">[95]</a></li> <li>In 2019, Kahneman received the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Plate_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Plate Award">Golden Plate Award</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li>In 2023, he was presented with the Helen Dinerman Award of the <a href="/wiki/World_Association_for_Public_Opinion_Research" title="World Association for Public Opinion Research">World Association for Public Opinion Research</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>2001, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li>2002, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Trento" title="University of Trento">University of Trento</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li>2003, <a href="/wiki/The_New_School" title="The New School">The New School</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li>2003, <a href="/wiki/Ben-Gurion_University_of_the_Negev" title="Ben-Gurion University of the Negev">Ben-Gurion University of the Negev</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li>2004, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li>2004, <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_East_Anglia" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of East Anglia">The University of East Anglia</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li>2004, <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li>2005, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan" title="University of Milan">University of Milan</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li>2006, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Université de Paris I">Université de Paris I</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li>2006, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li>2007, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rome_La_Sapienza" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Rome La Sapienza">University of Rome La Sapienza</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li>2009, <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus University">Erasmus University</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li>2009, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li>2010, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li>2011, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie-Mellon_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie-Mellon University">Carnegie-Mellon University</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li>2013, <a href="/wiki/Icahn_School_of_Medicine_at_Mount_Sinai" title="Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai">Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li>2013, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>2014, <a href="/wiki/The_Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hebrew University of Jerusalem">The Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li>2014, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li>2015, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li>2016, <a href="/wiki/Stellenbosch_University" title="Stellenbosch University">Stellenbosch University</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li>2016, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Haifa" title="University of Haifa">University of Haifa</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li>2021, <a href="/wiki/HEC_Paris" title="HEC Paris">HEC Paris</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li>2023, <a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_contributions">Notable contributions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable contributions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchoring_effect" title="Anchoring effect">Anchoring-and-adjusting</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attribute_substitution" title="Attribute substitution">Attribute substitution</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Availability_heuristic" title="Availability heuristic">Availability heuristic</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_rate_fallacy" title="Base rate fallacy">Base rate fallacy</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_bias" title="Cognitive bias">Cognitive bias</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunction_fallacy" title="Conjunction fallacy">Conjunction fallacy</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator_game" title="Dictator game">Dictator game</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(social_sciences)" title="Framing (social sciences)">Framing (social sciences)</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_aversion" title="Loss aversion">Loss aversion</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimism_bias" title="Optimism bias">Optimism bias</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak%E2%80%93end_rule" title="Peak–end rule">Peak–end rule</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_fallacy" title="Planning fallacy">Planning fallacy</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_theory" title="Prospect theory">Prospect theory</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumulative_prospect_theory" title="Cumulative prospect theory">Cumulative prospect theory</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_class_forecasting" title="Reference class forecasting">Reference class forecasting</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representativeness_heuristic" title="Representativeness heuristic">Representativeness heuristic</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulation_heuristic" title="Simulation heuristic">Simulation heuristic</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_quo_bias" title="Status quo bias">Status quo bias</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKahneman1973" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel (1973). Attention and Effort. Prentice-Hall.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Attention+and+Effort&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanSlovicTversky1982" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Slovic, Paul; Tversky, Amos (1982). Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judgment+Under+Uncertainty%3A+Heuristics+and+Biases&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Slovic%2C+Paul&rft.au=Tversky%2C+Amos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanDienerSchwarz1999" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Diener, E.; Schwarz, N. (1999). Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology. Russell Sage Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Well-Being%3A+The+Foundations+of+Hedonic+Psychology&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Diener%2C+E.&rft.au=Schwarz%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanTversky2000" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Tversky, Amos (2000). Choices, Values and Frames. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Choices%2C+Values+and+Frames&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Tversky%2C+Amos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanGilovichGriffin2002" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Gilovich, Thomas; Griffin, Dale (2002). Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521792608" title="Special:BookSources/9780521792608"><bdi>9780521792608</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heuristics+and+Biases%3A+The+Psychology+of+Intuitive+Judgment&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780521792608&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Gilovich%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Griffin%2C+Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahneman2011" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel (2011). <a href="/wiki/Thinking,_Fast_and_Slow" title="Thinking, Fast and Slow">Thinking, Fast and Slow</a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780374275631" title="Special:BookSources/9780374275631"><bdi>9780374275631</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thinking%2C+Fast+and+Slow&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780374275631&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> (Reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>, December 22, 2011, pp. 40–44)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanSibonySunstein2021" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Sibony, Olivier; Sunstein, Cass R. (2021). <a href="/wiki/Noise:_A_Flaw_in_Human_Judgment" title="Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment">Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment</a>. William Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780008308995" title="Special:BookSources/9780008308995"><bdi>9780008308995</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Noise%3A+A+Flaw+in+Human+Judgment&rft.pub=William+Collins&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780008308995&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Sibony%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Sunstein%2C+Cass+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Fooled_by_Randomness" title="Fooled by Randomness">Fooled by Randomness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economists" title="List of economists">List of economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Israeli Nobel laureates">List of Israeli Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Jewish Nobel laureates">List of Jewish Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics">List of Nobel laureates in Economics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/nobel-prize-winning-economist-daniel-kahneman-who-upended-field-dies-at-90">"Nobel-winning behavioral economist Daniel Kahneman, who upended his field, dies at 90 | The Times of Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Nobel-winning+behavioral+economist+Daniel+Kahneman%2C+who+upended+his+field%2C+dies+at+90+%26%23124%3B+The+Times+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fnobel-prize-winning-economist-daniel-kahneman-who-upended-field-dies-at-90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJr2024" class="citation news cs1">Jr, Robert D. Hershey (March 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/business/daniel-kahneman-dead.html">"Daniel Kahneman, Who Plumbed the Psychology of Economics, Dies at 90"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved April 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Daniel+Kahneman%2C+Who+Plumbed+the+Psychology+of+Economics%2C+Dies+at+90&rft.date=2024-03-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Jr&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.+Hershey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F03%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fdaniel-kahneman-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpace2024" class="citation web cs1">Space, Social Science (March 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.socialsciencespace.com/2024/03/daniel-kahneman-1934-2024-the-grandfather-of-behavioral-economics/">"Daniel Kahneman, 1934-2024: The Grandfather of Behavioral Economics"</a>. Social Science Space. 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November 28, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200611022413/https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/11/28/the-fp-top-100-global-thinkers-4/">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+FP+Top+100+Global+Thinkers.+71+Daniel+Kahneman&rft.pub=foreignpolicy.com&rft.date=2011-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2011%2F11%2F28%2Fthe-fp-top-100-global-thinkers-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawes.com/2011/2011-12-25.pdf">"The New York Times Best Seller List"</a> (PDF). www.hawes.com. December 25, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729032550/http://www.hawes.com/2011/2011-12-25.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times+Best+Seller+List&rft.pub=www.hawes.com&rft.date=2011-12-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawes.com%2F2011%2F2011-12-25.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NobelPrize_Bio_2002-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NobelPrize_Bio_2002_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NobelPrize_Bio_2002_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NobelPrize_Bio_2002_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NobelPrize_Bio_2002_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NobelPrize_Bio_2002_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NobelPrize_Bio_2002_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NobelPrize_Bio_2002_7-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NobelPrize_Bio_2002_7-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahneman2002" class="citation web cs1">Kahneman, Daniel (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2002/kahneman/biographical/">"Daniel Kahneman: Biographical"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Committee" title="Nobel Committee">Nobel Committee</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814214533/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2002/kahneman-bio.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daniel+Kahneman%3A+Biographical&rft.pub=Nobel+Committee&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2F2002%2Fkahneman%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2002/kahneman/facts/">"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002"</a>. 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Jr. (March 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/business/daniel-kahneman-dead.html">"Daniel Kahneman, Who Plumbed the Psychology of Economics, Dies at 90"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327153103/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/business/daniel-kahneman-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Daniel+Kahneman%2C+Who+Plumbed+the+Psychology+of+Economics%2C+Dies+at+90&rft.date=2024-03-27&rft.aulast=Hershey&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F03%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fdaniel-kahneman-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLTUP2016-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MLTUP2016_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MLTUP2016_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2017" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Michael (2017). The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds. 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Retrieved March 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interviews+with+Max+Raskin&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Daniel+Kahneman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maxraskin.com%2Finterviews%2Fdaniel-kahneman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2002/kahneman/biographical/">"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002"</a>. NobelPrize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814214533/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2002/kahneman-bio.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Sveriges+Riksbank+Prize+in+Economic+Sciences+in+Memory+of+Alfred+Nobel+2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2F2002%2Fkahneman%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkst" class="citation news cs1">Akst, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/daniel-kahneman-how-companies-can-improve-their-hiring-process-11632225600">"Daniel Kahneman: How Companies Can Improve Their Hiring Process"</a>. WSJ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312163342/https://www.wsj.com/articles/daniel-kahneman-how-companies-can-improve-their-hiring-process-11632225600">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Daniel+Kahneman%3A+How+Companies+Can+Improve+Their+Hiring+Process&rft.aulast=Akst&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fdaniel-kahneman-how-companies-can-improve-their-hiring-process-11632225600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanBeatty1966" class="citation journal cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Beatty, Jackson (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1720478">"Pupil Diameter and Load on Memory"</a>. Science. 154 (3756): 1583–1585. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966Sci...154.1583K">1966Sci...154.1583K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.154.3756.1583">10.1126/science.154.3756.1583</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1720478">1720478</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5924930">5924930</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22762466">22762466</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312165328/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1720478">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Pupil+Diameter+and+Load+on+Memory&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=3756&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1583-%3C%2Fspan%3E1585&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22762466%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1966Sci...154.1583K&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.154.3756.1583&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1720478%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5924930&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Beatty%2C+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1720478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahneman1973" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel (1973). Attention and effort. Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780130505187" title="Special:BookSources/9780130505187"><bdi>9780130505187</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Attention+and+effort&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780130505187&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanMiller1986" class="citation journal cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Miller, Dale T. (April 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-295X.93.2.136">"Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives"</a>. The Psychological Review. 93 (2): 136–153. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0033-295X.93.2.136">10.1037/0033-295X.93.2.136</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1939-1471">1939-1471</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517223511/https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-295X.93.2.136">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved March 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Psychological+Review&rft.atitle=Norm+theory%3A+Comparing+reality+to+its+alternatives.&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E136-%3C%2Fspan%3E153&rft.date=1986-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0033-295X.93.2.136&rft.issn=1939-1471&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Miller%2C+Dale+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.apa.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1037%2F0033-295X.93.2.136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonhardt2016" class="citation news cs1">Leonhardt, David (December 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/06/books/review/michael-lewis-undoing-project.html">"From Michael Lewis, the Story of Two Friends Who Changed How We Think About the Way We Think"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315184840/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/06/books/review/michael-lewis-undoing-project.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=From+Michael+Lewis%2C+the+Story+of+Two+Friends+Who+Changed+How+We+Think+About+the+Way+We+Think&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft.aulast=Leonhardt&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F12%2F06%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fmichael-lewis-undoing-project.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Kahneman.html">"Daniel Kahneman"</a>. Econlib. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112033828/https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Kahneman.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daniel+Kahneman&rft.pub=Econlib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.econlib.org%2Flibrary%2FEnc%2Fbios%2FKahneman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahneman2011" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Doubleday Canada. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-67651-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-67651-9"><bdi>978-0-385-67651-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thinking%2C+Fast+and+Slow&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Doubleday+Canada&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-385-67651-9&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanSibonySunstein2021" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Sibony, Olivier; Sunstein, Cass (May 16, 2021). Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment. Little, Brown Spark. pp. 37–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780008308995" title="Special:BookSources/9780008308995"><bdi>9780008308995</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1242782025">1242782025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Noise%3A+A+Flaw+in+Human+Judgment&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+Spark&rft.date=2021-05-16&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1242782025&rft.isbn=9780008308995&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Sibony%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Sunstein%2C+Cass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJr2024" class="citation news cs1">Jr, Robert D. Hershey (March 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/business/daniel-kahneman-dead.html">"Daniel Kahneman, Who Plumbed the Psychology of Economics, Dies at 90"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327153103/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/business/daniel-kahneman-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Daniel+Kahneman%2C+Who+Plumbed+the+Psychology+of+Economics%2C+Dies+at+90&rft.date=2024-03-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Jr&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.+Hershey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F03%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fdaniel-kahneman-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casbs.stanford.edu/casbs-history-behavioral-economics">"CASBS in the History of Behavioral Economics"</a>. Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. July 11, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313204925/https://casbs.stanford.edu/casbs-history-behavioral-economics">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CASBS+in+the+History+of+Behavioral+Economics&rft.pub=Center+for+Advanced+Study+in+the+Behavioral+Sciences&rft.date=2018-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasbs.stanford.edu%2Fcasbs-history-behavioral-economics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.russellsage.org/daniel-kahneman-and-richard-thaler-beginning-behavioral-economics">"Daniel Kahneman and Richard Thaler on the Beginning of Behavioral Economics"</a>. RSF www.russellsage.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312163343/https://www.russellsage.org/daniel-kahneman-and-richard-thaler-beginning-behavioral-economics">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daniel+Kahneman+and+Richard+Thaler+on+the+Beginning+of+Behavioral+Economics&rft.pub=RSF+www.russellsage.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.russellsage.org%2Fdaniel-kahneman-and-richard-thaler-beginning-behavioral-economics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.benefitcostanalysis.org/in-remembrance">"In Remembrance"</a>. www.benefitcostanalysis.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111035543/https://www.benefitcostanalysis.org/in-remembrance">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.benefitcostanalysis.org&rft.atitle=In+Remembrance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.benefitcostanalysis.org%2Fin-remembrance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kahneman.scholar.princeton.edu/publications">"Publications"</a>. Daniel Kahneman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312165329/https://kahneman.scholar.princeton.edu/publications">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daniel+Kahneman&rft.atitle=Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkahneman.scholar.princeton.edu%2Fpublications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahneman1988" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel (1988). Tietz, Reinhard; Albers, Wulf; Selten, Reinhard (eds.). Bounded Rational Behavior in Experimental Games and Markets. Vol. 314. Springer. pp. 11–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-48356-1_2">10.1007/978-3-642-48356-1_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642483561" title="Special:BookSources/9783642483561"><bdi>9783642483561</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bounded+Rational+Behavior+in+Experimental+Games+and+Markets&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-48356-1_2&rft.isbn=9783642483561&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTverskyKahneman1992" class="citation journal cs1">Tversky, Amos; Kahneman, Daniel (October 1, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122574">"Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty"</a>. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 5 (4): 297–323. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00122574">10.1007/BF00122574</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-0476">1573-0476</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Risk+and+Uncertainty&rft.atitle=Advances+in+prospect+theory%3A+Cumulative+representation+of+uncertainty&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E297-%3C%2Fspan%3E323&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00122574&rft.issn=1573-0476&rft.aulast=Tversky&rft.aufirst=Amos&rft.au=Kahneman%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2FBF00122574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanLovallo1993" class="citation journal cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Lovallo, Dan (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2661517">"Timid Choices and Bold Forecasts: A Cognitive Perspective on Risk Taking"</a>. Management Science. 39 (1): 17–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1287%2Fmnsc.39.1.17">10.1287/mnsc.39.1.17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0025-1909">0025-1909</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2661517">2661517</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53685999">53685999</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312163342/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2661517">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Management+Science&rft.atitle=Timid+Choices+and+Bold+Forecasts%3A+A+Cognitive+Perspective+on+Risk+Taking&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=0025-1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53685999%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2661517%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1287%2Fmnsc.39.1.17&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Lovallo%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2661517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_29-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahneman2011" class="citation book cs1">Kahneman, Daniel (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780374533557" title="Special:BookSources/9780374533557"><bdi>9780374533557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thinking%2C+Fast+and+Slow&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+%26+Giroux&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780374533557&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_30-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanWakkerSarin1997" class="citation journal cs1">Kahneman, D.; Wakker, P. P.; Sarin, R. (May 1, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162/003355397555235">"Back to Bentham? Explorations of Experienced Utility"</a>. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 112 (2): 375–406. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2F003355397555235">10.1162/003355397555235</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1765%2F23011">1765/23011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-5533">0033-5533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&rft.atitle=Back+to+Bentham%3F+Explorations+of+Experienced+Utility&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E375-%3C%2Fspan%3E406&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1765%2F23011&rft.issn=0033-5533&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2F003355397555235&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Wakker%2C+P.+P.&rft.au=Sarin%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1162%2F003355397555235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonGilbert2003" class="citation cs2">Wilson, Timothy D; Gilbert, Daniel T (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(03)01006-2">Affective Forecasting</a>, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 35, Elsevier, pp. 345–411, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0065-2601%2803%2901006-2">10.1016/s0065-2601(03)01006-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-015235-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-015235-3"><bdi>978-0-12-015235-3</bdi></a>, retrieved March 13, 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Affective+Forecasting&rft.series=Advances+in+Experimental+Social+Psychology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E345-%3C%2Fspan%3E411&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0065-2601%2803%2901006-2&rft.isbn=978-0-12-015235-3&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Timothy+D&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+Daniel+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2FS0065-2601%2803%2901006-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanSnell1992" class="citation journal cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Snell, Jackie (July 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bdm.3960050304">"Predicting a changing taste: Do people know what they will like?"</a>. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. 5 (3): 187–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fbdm.3960050304">10.1002/bdm.3960050304</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0894-3257">0894-3257</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164704/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bdm.3960050304">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Behavioral+Decision+Making&rft.atitle=Predicting+a+changing+taste%3A+Do+people+know+what+they+will+like%3F&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E187-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&rft.date=1992-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fbdm.3960050304&rft.issn=0894-3257&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Snell%2C+Jackie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1002%2Fbdm.3960050304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFredricksonKahneman1993" class="citation journal cs1">Fredrickson, Barbara L.; Kahneman, Daniel (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45">"Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes"</a>. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 65 (1): 45–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0022-3514.65.1.45">10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1939-1315">1939-1315</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8355141">8355141</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10576590">10576590</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327184532/https://scholar.google.com/scholar_casa?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpsycnet.apa.org%2FdoiLanding%3Fdoi%3D10.1037%2F0022-3514.65.1.45%26">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Personality+and+Social+Psychology&rft.atitle=Duration+neglect+in+retrospective+evaluations+of+affective+episodes&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=1939-1315&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10576590%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8355141&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0022-3514.65.1.45&rft.aulast=Fredrickson&rft.aufirst=Barbara+L.&rft.au=Kahneman%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.apa.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1037%2F0022-3514.65.1.45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnemanFredricksonSchreiberRedelmeier1993" class="citation journal cs1">Kahneman, Daniel; Fredrickson, Barbara L.; Schreiber, Charles A.; Redelmeier, Donald A. (November 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x">"When More Pain Is Preferred to Less: Adding a Better End"</a>. Psychological Science. 4 (6): 401–405. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x">10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0956-7976">0956-7976</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8032668">8032668</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240326045404/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Science&rft.atitle=When+More+Pain+Is+Preferred+to+Less%3A+Adding+a+Better+End&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E401-%3C%2Fspan%3E405&rft.date=1993-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8032668%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0956-7976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Fredrickson%2C+Barbara+L.&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+Charles+A.&rft.au=Redelmeier%2C+Donald+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedelmeierKahneman1996" class="citation journal cs1">Redelmeier, Donald A; Kahneman, Daniel (July 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lww.com/00006396-199607000-00002">"Patients' memories of painful medical treatments: real-time and retrospective evaluations of two minimally invasive procedures"</a>. Pain. 66 (1): 3–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0304-3959%2896%2902994-6">10.1016/0304-3959(96)02994-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0304-3959">0304-3959</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8857625">8857625</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1522819">1522819</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327184531/https://journals.lww.com/pain/abstract/1996/07000/patients__memories_of_painful_medical_treatments_.2.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pain&rft.atitle=Patients%27+memories+of+painful+medical+treatments%3A+real-time+and+retrospective+evaluations+of+two+minimally+invasive+procedures&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1996-07&rft.issn=0304-3959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1522819%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8857625&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0304-3959%2896%2902994-6&rft.aulast=Redelmeier&rft.aufirst=Donald+A&rft.au=Kahneman%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2F00006396-199607000-00002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoRupertWolford2008" class="citation journal cs1">Do, Amy M.; Rupert, Alexander V.; Wolford, George (February 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3758%2FPBR.15.1.96">"Evaluations of pleasurable experiences: The peak–end rule"</a>. 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Retrieved March 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Daniel+Kahneman%2C+Nobel-winning+economist%2C+dies+at+90&rft.date=2024-03-27&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fobituaries%2F2024%2F03%2F27%2Fdaniel-kahneman-dead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaxon2024" class="citation web cs1">Saxon, Jamie (March 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princeton.edu/news/2024/03/28/daniel-kahneman-pioneering-behavioral-psychologist-nobel-laureate-and-giant-field">"Daniel Kahneman, pioneering behavioral psychologist, Nobel laureate and 'giant in the field,' dies at 90"</a>. Princeton University. Retrieved April 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Princeton+University&rft.atitle=Daniel+Kahneman%2C+pioneering+behavioral+psychologist%2C+Nobel+laureate+and+%27giant+in+the+field%2C%27+dies+at+90&rft.date=2024-03-28&rft.aulast=Saxon&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2Fnews%2F2024%2F03%2F28%2Fdaniel-kahneman-pioneering-behavioral-psychologist-nobel-laureate-and-giant-field&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/mar/28/daniel-kahneman-death-age-90-psychologist-nobel-prize-winner-bio">"Daniel Kahneman, renowned psychologist and Nobel prize winner, dies at 90"</a>. The Guardian. March 28, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328152609/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/mar/28/daniel-kahneman-death-age-90-psychologist-nobel-prize-winner-bio">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Daniel+Kahneman%2C+renowned+psychologist+and+Nobel+prize+winner%2C+dies+at+90&rft.date=2024-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2024%2Fmar%2F28%2Fdaniel-kahneman-death-age-90-psychologist-nobel-prize-winner-bio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan" class="citation web cs1">Jordan, Eliana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/news/world/nobel-prize-winning-psychologist-daniel-kahneman-dies-aged-90-k0rbpx1r">"Nobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman dies aged 90"</a>. www.thejc.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328023628/https://www.thejc.com/news/world/nobel-prize-winning-psychologist-daniel-kahneman-dies-aged-90-k0rbpx1r">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thejc.com&rft.atitle=Nobel+Prize-winning+psychologist+Daniel+Kahneman+dies+aged+90&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Eliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fnobel-prize-winning-psychologist-daniel-kahneman-dies-aged-90-k0rbpx1r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandbu2024" class="citation web cs1">Sandbu, Martin (March 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/bcd76311-0bdf-4e53-9af7-2d720a35eaa1">"Daniel Kahneman, Nobel Prize-winning psychologist, 1934-2024"</a>. www.ft.com. Retrieved April 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ft.com&rft.atitle=Daniel+Kahneman%2C+Nobel+Prize-winning+psychologist%2C+1934-2024&rft.date=2024-03-29&rft.aulast=Sandbu&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fbcd76311-0bdf-4e53-9af7-2d720a35eaa1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apa.org/about/awards/scientific-contributions?tab=3">"APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions"</a>. www.apa.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928044039/https://www.apa.org/about/awards/scientific-contributions.aspx?tab=3">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2018. 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Retrieved March 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apadiv1.org&rft.atitle=Apply+for+Awards+Sponsored+by+Division+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapadiv1.org%2Fawards-grants%2Fapply%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sepsych.org/warren-medal-recipients/">"Warren Medal Recipients | The Society of Experimental Psychologists"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201035414/https://www.sepsych.org/warren-medal-recipients/">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved March 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warren+Medal+Recipients+%7C+The+Society+of+Experimental+Psychologists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sepsych.org%2Fwarren-medal-recipients%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/892035.html">"Daniel Kahneman"</a>. www.nasonline.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418133305/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/892035.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasonline.org&rft.atitle=Daniel+Kahneman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fmembers%2F892035.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grawemeyer.org/2003-daniel-kahneman-and-amos-tversky/">"2003 – Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky – Grawemeyer Awards"</a>. July 21, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311203104/http://grawemeyer.org/2003-daniel-kahneman-and-amos-tversky/">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2024. Retrieved March 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2003+%E2%80%93+Daniel+Kahneman+and+Amos+Tversky+%E2%80%93+Grawemeyer+Awards&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrawemeyer.org%2F2003-daniel-kahneman-and-amos-tversky%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Daniel+Kahneman&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. search.amphilsoc.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127103436/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Daniel+Kahneman&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2022. Retrieved June 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DDaniel%2BKahneman%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Community-Prizes/Decision-Analysis-Society/Decision-Analysis-Publication-Award">"Decision Analysis Publication Award"</a>. INFORMS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311203104/https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Community-Prizes/Decision-Analysis-Society/Decision-Analysis-Publication-Award">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2024. Retrieved March 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decision+Analysis+Publication+Award&rft.pub=INFORMS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.informs.org%2FRecognizing-Excellence%2FCommunity-Prizes%2FDecision-Analysis-Society%2FDecision-Analysis-Publication-Award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ipmu.lip6.fr/?KampeDeFerietAward">"IPMU – Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty"</a>. ipmu.lip6.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091114173515/http://ipmu.lip6.fr/?KampeDeFerietAward">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2009. Retrieved March 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ipmu.lip6.fr&rft.atitle=IPMU+%E2%80%93+Information+Processing+and+Management+of+Uncertainty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fipmu.lip6.fr%2F%3FKampeDeFerietAward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFgazetteimport2006" class="citation web cs1">gazetteimport (May 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2006/05/schelling-and-neustadt-winners-named/">"Schelling and Neustadt winners named"</a>. Harvard Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311203104/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2006/05/schelling-and-neustadt-winners-named/">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2024. Retrieved March 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Gazette&rft.atitle=Schelling+and+Neustadt+winners+named&rft.date=2006-05-11&rft.au=gazetteimport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2Fstory%2F2006%2F05%2Fschelling-and-neustadt-winners-named%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINFORMS" class="citation web cs1">INFORMS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Community-Prizes/Decision-Analysis-Society/Frank-P.-Ramsey-Medal">"Frank P. Ramsey Medal"</a>. INFORMS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311203105/https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Community-Prizes/Decision-Analysis-Society/Frank-P.-Ramsey-Medal">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2024. 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Monitor on Psychology. <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714233543/https://www.apa.org/monitor/apr07/towering.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2019. 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Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 5 (4): 297–323. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00122574">10.1007/BF00122574</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-0476">1573-0476</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329122617/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00122574">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2024. 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Retrieved March 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Economic+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Anomalies%3A+The+Endowment+Effect%2C+Loss+Aversion%2C+and+Status+Quo+Bias&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E206&rft.date=1991&rft.issn=0895-3309&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1942711%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Fjep.5.1.193&rft.aulast=Kahneman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Knetsch%2C+Jack+L.&rft.au=Thaler%2C+Richard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1942711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kahneman" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kahneman&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a> at <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233950#P2611" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4928484/">Daniel Kahneman</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/759">Daniel Kahneman</a> on Nobelprize.org <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233950#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> including the Nobel Lecture "Maps of Bounded Rationality"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wenglinskyreview.com/wenglinsky-review-a-journal-of-culture-politics/2017/1/23/kahnemans-fallacies">Kahneman's Fallacies, Thinking, Fast and Slow</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_A._Akerlof" class="mw-redirect" title="George A. Akerlof">George A. Akerlof</a> <a href="/wiki/A._Michael_Spence" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Michael Spence">A. Michael Spence</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Stiglitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph E. Stiglitz">Joseph E. Stiglitz</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics">Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics</a> 2002 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F. Engle III">Robert F. Engle III</a> <a href="/wiki/Clive_W._J._Granger" class="mw-redirect" title="Clive W. J. Granger">Clive W. J. Granger</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Instecon" title="Template:Instecon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Instecon" title="Template talk:Instecon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Instecon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Instecon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Institutional_economics237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional economics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutional economists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Abelshauser" title="Werner Abelshauser">Werner Abelshauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Edwin_Ayres" title="Clarence Edwin Ayres">Clarence Edwin Ayres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_S._Bain" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe S. Bain">Joe S. Bain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimshon_Bichler" title="Shimshon Bichler">Shimshon Bichler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Brady" title="Robert A. Brady">Robert A. Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bromley" title="Daniel Bromley">Daniel Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha-Joon_Chang" title="Ha-Joon Chang">Ha-Joon Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maurice_Clark" title="John Maurice Clark">John Maurice Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">John R. Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Ely" title="Richard T. Ely">Richard T. Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Frank" title="Robert H. Frank">Robert H. Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_Hale_Hamilton" title="Walton Hale Hamilton">Walton Hale Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orris_C._Herfindahl" title="Orris C. Herfindahl">Orris C. Herfindahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_O._Hirschman" title="Albert O. Hirschman">Albert O. Hirschman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hodgson" title="Geoffrey Hodgson">Geoffrey Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Kornai" title="János Kornai">János Kornai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Lewis" title="Hunter Lewis">Hunter Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_W._Markham" title="Jesse W. Markham">Jesse W. Markham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley Clair Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Nitzan" title="Jonathan Nitzan">Jonathan Nitzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Samuels" title="Warren Samuels">Warren Samuels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Simiand" title="François Simiand">François Simiand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stilwell_(economist)" title="Frank Stilwell (economist)">Frank Stilwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Stocking_Sr." title="George W. Stocking Sr.">George W. Stocking Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_P%C3%A5lsson_Syll" title="Lars Pålsson Syll">Lars Pålsson Syll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Thorstein Veblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrence_Wheelwright" title="Edward Lawrence Wheelwright">Edward Lawrence Wheelwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Zimmermann" title="Erich Zimmermann">Erich Zimmermann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_institutional_economics" title="New institutional economics">New institutional economists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu" title="Daron Acemoglu">Daron Acemoglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armen_Alchian" title="Armen Alchian">Armen Alchian </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masahiko_Aoki" title="Masahiko Aoki">Masahiko Aoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_N._S._Cheung" title="Steven N. S. Cheung">Steven N. S. Cheung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Demsetz" title="Harold Demsetz">Harold Demsetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avner_Greif" title="Avner Greif">Avner Greif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_M%C3%A9nard_(economist)" title="Claude Ménard (economist)">Claude Ménard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mancur_Olson" title="Mancur Olson">Mancur Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral economists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Ainslie_(psychologist)" title="George Ainslie (psychologist)">George Ainslie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Ariely" title="Dan Ariely">Dan Ariely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Ashraf" title="Nava Ashraf">Nava Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofer_Azar" title="Ofer Azar">Ofer Azar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Bernheim" title="Douglas Bernheim">Douglas Bernheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bowles_(economist)" title="Samuel Bowles (economist)">Samuel Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Brosnan" title="Sarah Brosnan">Sarah Brosnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Camerer" title="Colin Camerer">Colin Camerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cesarini" title="David Cesarini">David Cesarini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay-Yut_Chen" title="Kay-Yut Chen">Kay-Yut Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Croson" title="Rachel Croson">Rachel Croson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_De_Bondt" title="Werner De Bondt">Werner De Bondt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dolan_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Dolan (academic)">Paul Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Duneier" title="Stephen Duneier">Stephen Duneier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_C._Eckel" title="Catherine C. Eckel">Catherine C. Eckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armin_Falk" title="Armin Falk">Armin Falk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_Fischbacher" title="Urs Fischbacher">Urs Fischbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gintis" title="Herbert Gintis">Herbert Gintis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Gneezy" title="Uri Gneezy">Uri Gneezy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Halpern_(psychologist)" title="David Halpern (psychologist)">David Halpern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Holt" title="Charles A. Holt">Charles A. Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ryan_Just" title="David Ryan Just">David Ryan Just</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Kahneman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djuradj_Caranovic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djuradj Caranovic (page does not exist)">Djuradj Caranovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Kalil" title="Ariel Kalil">Ariel Kalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Katona" title="George Katona">George Katona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_R._Kling" title="Jeffrey R. Kling">Jeffrey R. Kling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Loewenstein" title="George Loewenstein">George Loewenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Loomes" title="Graham Loomes">Graham Loomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_C._Madrian" title="Brigitte C. Madrian">Brigitte C. Madrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_McClelland" title="Gary McClelland">Gary McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Motterlini" title="Matteo Motterlini">Matteo Motterlini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Mullainathan" title="Sendhil Mullainathan">Sendhil Mullainathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Norton_(professor)" title="Michael Norton (professor)">Michael Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rabin" title="Matthew Rabin">Matthew Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Rachlin" title="Howard Rachlin">Howard Rachlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_M._Schmidt" title="Klaus M. Schmidt">Klaus M. Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldar_Shafir" title="Eldar Shafir">Eldar Shafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersh_Shefrin" title="Hersh Shefrin">Hersh Shefrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_Sunde" title="Uwe Sunde">Uwe Sunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Vishny" title="Robert W. Vishny">Robert W. Vishny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Georg Weizsäcker">Georg Weizsäcker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_sociology" title="Economic sociology">Economic sociologists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Beckert" title="Jens Beckert">Jens Beckert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Block" title="Fred L. Block">Fred L. Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Smoot_Coleman" title="James Smoot Coleman">James S. Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_DiMaggio" title="Paul DiMaggio">Paul DiMaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_England" title="Paula England">Paula England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Granovetter" title="Mark Granovetter">Mark Granovetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Angus_MacKenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Angus MacKenzie">Donald Angus MacKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_M._Podolny" title="Joel M. Podolny">Joel M. Podolny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynette_Spillman" title="Lynette Spillman">Lynette Spillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Swedberg" title="Richard Swedberg">Richard Swedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Th%C3%A9venot" title="Laurent Thévenot">Laurent Thévenot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Trigilia" title="Carlo Trigilia">Carlo Trigilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_White" title="Harrison White">Harrison White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviana_Zelizer" title="Viviana Zelizer">Viviana Zelizer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key concepts and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerator_effect" title="Accelerator effect">Accelerator effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administered_prices" title="Administered prices">Administered prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barriers_to_entry" title="Barriers to entry">Barriers to entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounded_rationality" title="Bounded rationality">Bounded rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">Conspicuous consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_leisure" title="Conspicuous leisure">Conspicuous leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_wisdom" title="Conventional wisdom">Conventional wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countervailing_power" title="Countervailing power">Countervailing power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_competition" title="Effective competition">Effective competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herfindahl_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Herfindahl index">Herfindahl index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiding_hand_principle" title="Hiding hand principle">Hiding hand principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirschman_cycle" title="Hirschman cycle">Hirschman cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentalism" title="Instrumentalism">Instrumentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuznets_swing" title="Kuznets swing">Kuznets cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_concentration" title="Market concentration">Market concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_power" title="Market power">Market power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_structure" title="Market structure">Market structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backwardness" title="Backwardness">Penalty of taking the lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satisficing" title="Satisficing">Satisficing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortage_economy" title="Shortage economy">Shortage economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure%E2%80%93conduct%E2%80%93performance_paradigm" title="Structure–conduct–performance paradigm">Structure–conduct–performance paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technostructure" title="Technostructure">Technostructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_two-level_planning" title="Theory of two-level planning">Theory of two-level planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veblen_good" title="Veblen good">Veblen goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veblenian_dichotomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Veblenian dichotomy">Veblenian dichotomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_economics" title="Cultural economics">Cultural economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">Development economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_historical_school_of_economics" title="English historical school of economics">English historical school of economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">Evolutionary economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_economic_thought#French_historical_school" title="Schools of economic thought">French historical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_school_of_economics" title="Historical school of economics">Historical school of economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_realism" title="Legal realism">Legal realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">Microeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post-Keynesian economics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topics_of_game_theory299" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Game_theory" title="Template:Game theory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Game_theory" title="Template talk:Game theory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Game_theory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Game theory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Topics_of_game_theory299" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics of <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">game theory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Definitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congestion_game" title="Congestion game">Congestion game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_game_theory" title="Cooperative game theory">Cooperative game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinacy" title="Determinacy">Determinacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalation_of_commitment" title="Escalation of commitment">Escalation of commitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensive-form_game" title="Extensive-form game">Extensive-form game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-player_and_second-player_win" title="First-player and second-player win">First-player and second-player win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_complexity" title="Game complexity">Game complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_game_theory" title="Graphical game theory">Graphical game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_beliefs" title="Hierarchy of beliefs">Hierarchy of beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_set_(game_theory)" title="Information set (game theory)">Information set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal-form_game" title="Normal-form game">Normal-form game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preference_(economics)" title="Preference (economics)">Preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequential_game" title="Sequential game">Sequential game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_game" title="Simultaneous game">Simultaneous game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_action_selection" title="Simultaneous action selection">Simultaneous action selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solved_game" title="Solved game">Solved game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succinct_game" title="Succinct game">Succinct game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_equilibrium" title="Economic equilibrium">Equilibrium</a> <a href="/wiki/Solution_concept" title="Solution concept">concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayes_correlated_equilibrium" title="Bayes correlated equilibrium">Bayes correlated equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayesian_Nash_equilibrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayesian Nash equilibrium">Bayesian Nash equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berge_equilibrium" title="Berge equilibrium">Berge equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_(game_theory)" title="Core (game theory)"> Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correlated_equilibrium" title="Correlated equilibrium">Correlated equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition-proof_Nash_equilibrium" title="Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium">Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon-equilibrium" title="Epsilon-equilibrium">Epsilon-equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionarily_stable_strategy" title="Evolutionarily stable strategy">Evolutionarily stable strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_measure" title="Gibbs measure">Gibbs equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mertens-stable_equilibrium" title="Mertens-stable equilibrium">Mertens-stable equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markov_perfect_equilibrium" title="Markov perfect equilibrium">Markov perfect equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_equilibrium" title="Nash equilibrium">Nash equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareto_efficiency" title="Pareto efficiency">Pareto efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_Bayesian_equilibrium" title="Perfect Bayesian equilibrium">Perfect Bayesian equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_equilibrium" title="Proper equilibrium">Proper equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantal_response_equilibrium" title="Quantal response equilibrium">Quantal response equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-perfect_equilibrium" title="Quasi-perfect equilibrium">Quasi-perfect equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_dominance" title="Risk dominance">Risk dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satisfaction_equilibrium" title="Satisfaction equilibrium">Satisfaction equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-confirming_equilibrium" title="Self-confirming equilibrium">Self-confirming equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequential_equilibrium" title="Sequential equilibrium">Sequential equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapley_value" title="Shapley value">Shapley value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_Nash_equilibrium" title="Strong Nash equilibrium">Strong Nash equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subgame_perfect_equilibrium" title="Subgame perfect equilibrium">Subgame perfection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trembling_hand_perfect_equilibrium" title="Trembling hand perfect equilibrium">Trembling hand equilibrium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strategy_(game_theory)" title="Strategy (game theory)">Strategies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backward_induction" title="Backward induction">Backward induction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid_shading" title="Bid shading">Bid shading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collusion" title="Collusion">Collusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheap_talk" title="Cheap talk">Cheap talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-escalation" title="De-escalation">De-escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_escalation" title="Conflict escalation">Escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_induction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward induction">Forward induction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grim_trigger" title="Grim trigger">Grim trigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markov_strategy" title="Markov strategy">Markov strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pairing_strategy" title="Pairing strategy">Pairing strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_dominance" title="Strategic dominance">Dominant strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_(game_theory)" title="Strategy (game theory)">Pure strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_(game_theory)#Mixed_strategy" title="Strategy (game theory)">Mixed strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy-stealing_argument" title="Strategy-stealing argument">Strategy-stealing argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tit_for_tat" title="Tit for tat">Tit for tat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Game_theory_game_classes" title="Category:Game theory game classes">Classes of games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">Auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargaining_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Bargaining problem">Bargaining problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_game" title="Global game">Global game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intransitive_game" title="Intransitive game">Intransitive game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean-field_game_theory" title="Mean-field game theory">Mean-field game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-player_game" title="N-player game">n-player game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_information" title="Perfect information">Perfect information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poisson_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisson games">Large Poisson game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_game" title="Potential game">Potential game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeated_game" title="Repeated game">Repeated game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screening_game" title="Screening game">Screening game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signaling_game" title="Signaling game">Signaling game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strictly_determined_game" title="Strictly determined game">Strictly determined game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic_game" title="Stochastic game">Stochastic game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetric_game" title="Symmetric game">Symmetric game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-sum_game" title="Zero-sum game">Zero-sum game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_games_in_game_theory" title="List of games in game theory">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinite_chess" title="Infinite chess">Infinite chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draughts" class="mw-redirect" title="Draughts">Checkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-pay_auction" title="All-pay auction">All-pay auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner%27s_dilemma" title="Prisoner's dilemma">Prisoner's dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift-exchange_game" title="Gift-exchange game">Gift-exchange game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optional_prisoner%27s_dilemma" title="Optional prisoner's dilemma">Optional prisoner's dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveler%27s_dilemma" title="Traveler's dilemma">Traveler's dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordination_game" title="Coordination game">Coordination game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_(game)" title="Chicken (game)">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centipede_game" title="Centipede game">Centipede game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_signaling_game" title="Lewis signaling game">Lewis signaling game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer%27s_dilemma" title="Volunteer's dilemma">Volunteer's dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_auction" title="Dollar auction">Dollar auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_sexes_(game_theory)" title="Battle of the sexes (game theory)">Battle of the sexes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_hunt" title="Stag hunt">Stag hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matching_pennies" title="Matching pennies">Matching pennies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimatum_game" title="Ultimatum game">Ultimatum game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_mail_game" title="Electronic mail game">Electronic mail game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_paper_scissors" title="Rock paper scissors">Rock paper scissors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_game" title="Pirate game">Pirate game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator_game" title="Dictator game">Dictator game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_goods_game" title="Public goods game">Public goods game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blotto_game" title="Blotto game">Blotto game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_attrition_(game)" title="War of attrition (game)">War of attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Farol_Bar_problem" title="El Farol Bar problem">El Farol Bar problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_division" title="Fair division">Fair division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_cake-cutting" title="Fair cake-cutting">Fair cake-cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_competition" title="Bertrand competition">Bertrand competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cournot_competition" title="Cournot competition">Cournot competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stackelberg_competition" title="Stackelberg competition">Stackelberg competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadlock_(game_theory)" title="Deadlock (game theory)">Deadlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unscrupulous_diner%27s_dilemma" title="Unscrupulous diner's dilemma">Diner's dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guess_2/3_of_the_average" title="Guess 2/3 of the average">Guess 2/3 of the average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhn_poker" title="Kuhn poker">Kuhn poker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargaining_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Bargaining problem">Nash bargaining game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_puzzles" title="Induction puzzles">Induction puzzles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator_game#Trust_game" title="Dictator game">Trust game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_and_monster_game" title="Princess and monster game">Princess and monster game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_problem" title="Rendezvous problem">Rendezvous problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuit%E2%80%93evasion" title="Pursuit–evasion">Pursuit game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aumann%27s_agreement_theorem" title="Aumann's agreement theorem">Aumann's agreement theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_theorem_(game_theory)" title="Folk theorem (game theory)">Folk theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimax" title="Minimax">Minimax theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_equilibrium" title="Nash equilibrium">Nash's theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negamax" title="Negamax">Negamax theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purification_theorem" title="Purification theorem">Purification theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_principle" title="Revelation principle">Revelation principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprague%E2%80%93Grundy_theorem" title="Sprague–Grundy theorem">Sprague–Grundy theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zermelo%27s_theorem_(game_theory)" title="Zermelo's theorem (game theory)">Zermelo's theorem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_W._Tucker" title="Albert W. Tucker">Albert W. Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Augustin_Cournot" title="Antoine Augustin Cournot">Antoine Augustin Cournot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Rubinstein" title="Ariel Rubinstein">Ariel Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Kahneman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._Levine" title="David K. Levine">David K. Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kreps" title="David M. Kreps">David M. Kreps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Gillies" title="Donald B. Gillies">Donald B. Gillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Fudenberg" title="Drew Fudenberg">Drew Fudenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_W._Kuhn" title="Harold W. Kuhn">Harold W. Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Moulin" title="Hervé Moulin">Hervé Moulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conway" class="mw-redirect" title="John Conway">John Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Mertens" title="Jean-François Mertens">Jean-François Mertens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Tour_Chayes" title="Jennifer Tour Chayes">Jennifer Tour Chayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John Harsanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash Jr.">John Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Binmore" title="Kenneth Binmore">Kenneth Binmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Lloyd Shapley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Dresher" title="Melvin Dresher">Melvin Dresher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrill_M._Flood" title="Merrill M. Flood">Merrill M. Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Bondareva" title="Olga Bondareva">Olga Bondareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Morgenstern" title="Oskar Morgenstern">Oskar Morgenstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Young" title="Peyton Young">Peyton Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Axelrod (political scientist)">Robert Axelrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert Aumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger Myerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bowles_(economist)" title="Samuel Bowles (economist)"> Samuel Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Scotchmer" title="Suzanne Scotchmer">Suzanne Scotchmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Search optimizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha%E2%80%93beta_pruning" title="Alpha–beta pruning">Alpha–beta pruning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_window" title="Aspiration window">Aspiration window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_variation_search" title="Principal variation search">Principal variation search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max%5En_algorithm" title="Max^n algorithm">max^n algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranoid_algorithm" title="Paranoid algorithm">Paranoid algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_SMP" title="Lazy SMP">Lazy SMP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bounded_rationality" title="Bounded rationality">Bounded rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combinatorial_game_theory" title="Combinatorial game theory">Combinatorial game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confrontation_analysis" title="Confrontation analysis">Confrontation analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coopetition" title="Coopetition">Coopetition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_game_theory" title="Evolutionary game theory">Evolutionary game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_game_theory" title="Glossary of game theory">Glossary of game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_theorists" title="List of game theorists">List of game theorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_games_in_game_theory" title="List of games in game theory">List of games in game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-win_situation" title="No-win situation">No-win situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topological_game" title="Topological game">Topological game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences207" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_laureates" title="Template:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_laureates" title="Template talk:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">John R. Hicks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich August von Hayek</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich" title="Leonid Kantorovich">Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">James E. Meade</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">Sir Arthur Lewis</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan Jr.</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Harry M. Markowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Merton H. Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharpe" title="William F. Sharpe">William F. Sharpe</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald H. Coase</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass C. North</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John C. Harsanyi</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash Jr.">John F. Nash Jr.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas Jr.</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Merton" title="Robert C. Merton">Robert C. Merton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Myron S. Scholes</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Robert A. Mundell</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel L. McFadden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George A. Akerlof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">A. Michael Spence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph E. Stiglitz</a></li> <li>2002: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Kahneman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" title="Robert F. Engle">Robert F. Engle III</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Clive W.J. Granger</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" title="Finn E. Kydland">Finn E. Kydland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott" title="Edward C. Prescott">Edward C. Prescott</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert J. Aumann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas C. Schelling</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund S. Phelps</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric S. Maskin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger B. Myerson</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter A. Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dale_T._Mortensen" title="Dale T. Mortensen">Dale T. Mortensen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Pissarides" title="Christopher A. Pissarides">Christopher A. Pissarides</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Lloyd S. Shapley</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Eugene F. Fama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart_(economist)" title="Oliver Hart (economist)">Oliver Hart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard H. Thaler</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Paul Romer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Guido Imbens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Diamond" title="Douglas Diamond">Douglas Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Dybvig" title="Philip H. Dybvig">Philip H. Dybvig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2023 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu" title="Daron Acemoglu">Daron Acemoglu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_Johnson_(economist)" title="Simon Johnson (economist)">Simon Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_A._Robinson" title="James A. Robinson">James A. Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2002_Nobel_Prize_laureates753" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2002_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2002 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2002_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:2002 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2002_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2002 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2002_Nobel_Prize_laureates753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2002 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John Bennett Fenn</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a> (Switzerland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2002 Nobel Prize in Literature">2002</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a> (Hungary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a> (Italy, United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">John E. Sulston</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Kahneman</a> (Israel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prizes" title="1997 Nobel Prizes">1997</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prizes" title="1998 Nobel Prizes">1998</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prizes" title="1999 Nobel Prizes">1999</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prizes" title="2000 Nobel Prizes">2000</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prizes" title="2001 Nobel Prizes">2001</a></dd> <dd>2002 </dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prizes" title="2003 Nobel Prizes">2003</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prizes" title="2004 Nobel Prizes">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prizes" title="2005 Nobel Prizes">2005</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prizes" title="2006 Nobel Prizes">2006</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prizes" title="2007 Nobel Prizes">2007</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Israeli_Nobel_laureates255" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Nobel_laureates" title="Template:Israeli Nobel laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_Nobel_laureates" title="Template talk:Israeli Nobel laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_Nobel_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli Nobel laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Israeli_Nobel_laureates255" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Israeli Nobel laureates">Israeli Nobel laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a>)</li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a>)</li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a>)</li> <li>2002: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Kahneman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economics</a>)</li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a>)</li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert Aumann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economics</a>)</li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a>)</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a>)</li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a>)</li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economics</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicate a Nobel Memorial Prize, i.e. not one of the original Prizes bequested by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Psychology793" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#BFD7FF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Psychology" title="Template:Psychology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Psychology" title="Template talk:Psychology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Psychology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Psychology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Psychology793" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#DFEBFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_psychology" title="History of psychology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychology" title="Philosophy of psychology">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">Psychologist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Basic_science_(psychology)" title="Basic science (psychology)">Basic psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_psychology" title="Abnormal psychology">Abnormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_neuroscience" title="Affective neuroscience">Affective neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_science" title="Affective science">Affective science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">Behavioral genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience" title="Behavioral neuroscience">Behavioral neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism">Behaviorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">Cognitive</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cognitivism_(psychology)" title="Cognitivism (psychology)">Cognitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience" title="Cognitive neuroscience">Cognitive neuroscience</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_cognitive_neuroscience" title="Social cognitive neuroscience">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_psychology" title="Comparative psychology">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-cultural_psychology" title="Cross-cultural psychology">Cross-cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_psychology" title="Cultural psychology">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">Developmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_psychology" title="Differential psychology">Differential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_psychology" title="Ecological psychology">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestalt_psychology" title="Gestalt psychology">Gestalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_psychology" title="Mathematical psychology">Mathematical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_psychology" title="Moral psychology">Moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropsychology" title="Neuropsychology">Neuropsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_psychology" title="Personality psychology">Personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psycholinguistics" title="Psycholinguistics">Psycholinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysiology" title="Psychophysiology">Psychophysiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_psychology" title="Quantitative psychology">Quantitative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoretical_psychology" title="Theoretical psychology">Theoretical</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Psi-stylized.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="stylized letter psi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/50px-Psi-stylized.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/75px-Psi-stylized.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/100px-Psi-stylized.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="123" data-file-height="124" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Applied_psychology" title="Applied psychology">Applied psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalistic_psychology" title="Anomalistic psychology">Anomalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Applied behavior analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_testing" title="Psychological testing">Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_psychology" title="Clinical psychology">Clinical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaching_psychology" title="Coaching psychology">Coaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_psychology" title="Community psychology">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counseling_psychology" title="Counseling psychology">Counseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_psychology" title="Critical psychology">Critical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_psychology" title="Feminist psychology">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychology" title="Forensic psychology">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_psychology" title="Health psychology">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_psychology" title="Humanistic psychology">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_organizational_psychology" title="Industrial and organizational psychology">Industrial and organizational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_psychology" title="Legal psychology">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_psychology" title="Media psychology">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_psychology" title="Medical psychology">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_psychology" title="Military psychology">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Music psychology">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology" title="Occupational health psychology">Occupational health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastoral psychology">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_psychology" title="Political psychology">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">Positive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_psychology" title="School psychology">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_psychology" title="Sport psychology">Sport and exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicidology" title="Suicidology">Suicidology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_psychology" title="Systems psychology">Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_psychology" title="Traffic psychology">Traffic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_research_methods" title="List of psychological research methods">Methodologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archival_research" title="Archival research">Archival research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_epigenetics" title="Behavioral epigenetics">Behavior epigenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_study" title="Case study">Case study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_analysis" title="Content analysis">Content analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_subject_research" title="Human subject research">Human subject research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interview_(research)" title="Interview (research)">Interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysics" title="Psychophysics">Psychophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualitative_psychological_research" title="Qualitative psychological research">Qualitative research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_psychological_research" title="Quantitative psychological research">Quantitative research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-report_inventory" title="Self-report inventory">Self-report inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_methodology" title="Survey methodology">Statistical surveys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavior" title="Behavior">Behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Behavioral engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">Behavioral genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience" title="Behavioral neuroscience">Behavioral neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">Cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competence_(polyseme)" title="Competence (polyseme)">Competence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">Emotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">Feelings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Human factors and ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terror_management_theory" title="Terror management theory">Terror management theory</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychologists" title="List of psychologists">Psychologists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thorndike" title="Edward Thorndike">Edward Thorndike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Watson" title="John B. Watson">John B. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_L._Hull" title="Clark L. Hull">Clark L. Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lewin" title="Kurt Lewin">Kurt Lewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Allport" title="Gordon Allport">Gordon Allport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Guilford" title="J. P. Guilford">J. P. Guilford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Rogers" title="Carl Rogers">Carl Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Erikson" title="Erik Erikson">Erik Erikson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_O._Hebb" title="Donald O. Hebb">Donald O. Hebb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hilgard" title="Ernest Hilgard">Ernest Hilgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Cattell" title="Raymond Cattell">Raymond Cattell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal E. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Bruner" title="Jerome Bruner">Jerome Bruner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_T._Campbell" title="Donald T. Campbell">Donald T. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Eysenck" title="Hans Eysenck">Hans Eysenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McClelland" title="David McClelland">David McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Festinger" title="Leon Festinger">Leon Festinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lazarus" title="Richard Lazarus">Richard Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Schachter" title="Stanley Schachter">Stanley Schachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zajonc" title="Robert Zajonc">Robert Zajonc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Brown_(psychologist)" title="Roger Brown (psychologist)">Roger Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endel_Tulving" title="Endel Tulving">Endel Tulving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kohlberg" title="Lawrence Kohlberg">Lawrence Kohlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulric_Neisser" title="Ulric Neisser">Ulric Neisser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kagan" title="Jerome Kagan">Jerome Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mischel" title="Walter Mischel">Walter Mischel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Aronson" title="Elliot Aronson">Elliot Aronson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Kahneman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ekman" title="Paul Ekman">Paul Ekman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner_(psychologist)" title="Michael Posner (psychologist)">Michael Posner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_McEwen" title="Bruce McEwen">Bruce McEwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Squire" title="Larry Squire">Larry Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Nisbett" title="Richard E. Nisbett">Richard E. Nisbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman">Martin Seligman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Diener" title="Ed Diener">Ed Diener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_E._Taylor" title="Shelley E. Taylor">Shelley E. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Anderson_(psychologist)" title="John Robert Anderson (psychologist)">John Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_C._Kessler" title="Ronald C. Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._LeDoux" title="Joseph E. LeDoux">Joseph E. LeDoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Davidson" title="Richard Davidson">Richard Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Fiske" title="Susan Fiske">Susan Fiske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Baumeister" title="Roy Baumeister">Roy Baumeister</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychology_lists" title="Category:Psychology lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_counseling" title="Outline of counseling">Counseling topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_branches_of_psychology" title="List of branches of psychology">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychology_organizations" title="List of psychology organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_psychology" title="Outline of psychology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychologists" title="List of psychologists">Psychologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychotherapies" title="List of psychotherapies">Psychotherapies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_research_methods" title="List of psychological research methods">Research methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_schools" title="List of psychological schools">Schools of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_psychology" title="Timeline of psychology">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_psychology_articles" title="Index of psychology articles">Topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#DFEBFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psychology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:psychology">Wiktionary definition</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:en:Psychology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:en:Psychology">Wiktionary category</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Psychology">Wikisource</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Psychology" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Psychology">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Psychology">Wikiquote</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Psychology">Wikinews</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Psychology">Wikibooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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