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and the use of musical instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-psalmos_and_the_use_of_musical_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Denominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Practice of singing only Psalms in worship</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laon_1562_Ps1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Laon_1562_Ps1.jpg/220px-Laon_1562_Ps1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="398" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Laon_1562_Ps1.jpg/330px-Laon_1562_Ps1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Laon_1562_Ps1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Psalm_1" title="Psalm 1">Psalm 1</a> from the 1562 edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Genevan_Psalter" title="Genevan Psalter">Genevan Psalter</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Exclusive psalmody</b> is the practice of singing only the biblical <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> in <a href="/wiki/Congregational_singing" title="Congregational singing">congregational singing</a> as <a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">worship</a>. Today it is practised by several Protestant, especially <a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed</a> denominations. <a href="/wiki/Hymns" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymns">Hymns</a> besides the Psalms have been composed by Christians since the earliest days of the church, but psalms were preferred by the <a href="/wiki/Early_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early church">early church</a> and used almost exclusively until the end of the fourth century.<sup id="cite_ref-old_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> and many other reformers, including those associated with the Reformed tradition, used hymns as well as psalms, but <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> preferred the Psalms and they were the only music allowed for worship in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>. This became the norm for the next 200 years of <a href="/wiki/Reformed_worship" title="Reformed worship">Reformed worship</a>. Hymnody became acceptable again for the Reformed in the middle of the nineteenth century, though several denominations, notably the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Presbyterian">Reformed Presbyterians</a>, continue the practice of exclusive psalmody. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_psalmody&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The singing of <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">psalms</a> was included in the <a href="/wiki/Synagogue_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Synagogue service">synagogue service</a> at the time of Jesus. <a href="/wiki/Early_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christians">Early Christians</a> appropriated this tradition, as well as many other elements of synagogue worship. The <a href="/wiki/Congregational_singing" title="Congregational singing">whole congregation may have sung</a>, or there may have been a <a href="/wiki/Cantor_(church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantor (church)">cantor</a> who would sing each verse with the congregation responding by singing "<a href="/wiki/Hallelujah" title="Hallelujah">Hallelujah</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-old_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 36">: 36 </span></sup> Such a pattern appears outside the psalms; each song in the obscure early Christian poetry collection known as the <a href="/wiki/Odes_of_Solomon" title="Odes of Solomon">Odes of Solomon</a> concludes with a "Hallelujah", indicating a similar liturgical purpose for its ancient users.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Psalms of David formed the core of <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_music" title="Liturgical music">liturgical music</a> for the early church, to which other songs from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testaments</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canticle" title="Canticle">canticles</a>) were added.<sup id="cite_ref-old_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 37">: 37 </span></sup> In addition, early Christians wrote original compositions for singing in worship alongside biblical texts.<sup id="cite_ref-old_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 38">: 38 </span></sup> Soon after the New Testament period, psalmody took a preferred position in the worship of the church. There was some hymn-writing in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern churches">Eastern churches</a>, but in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">West</a> psalms and canticles were used almost exclusively until the time of <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose of Milan">Ambrose of Milan</a> at the end of the fourth century. Even then, the psalms were not completely replaced by original hymns.<sup id="cite_ref-old_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, new church music was written in order to revive the practice of congregational singing, which had been replaced by the singing of <a href="/wiki/Monastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic">monastic</a> choirs in Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-old_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42">: 42 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> and leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed</a> wing of the Reformation in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Constance</a>, and elsewhere wrote music for psalm texts as well as original hymns, but <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> used biblical psalms almost exclusively in the <i><a href="/wiki/Genevan_Psalter" title="Genevan Psalter">Genevan Psalter</a></i>, though it contained some gospel canticles and <a href="/wiki/Catechetical" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechetical">catechetical</a> songs. This <a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">psalter</a> was to become a prototype for <a href="/wiki/Reformed_worship" title="Reformed worship">Reformed worship</a>, but Calvin did not object to the use of original hymns in other churches, and he did not appeal to scripture in his preface to the psalter justifying his preference for the Psalms.<sup id="cite_ref-old_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42, 45">: 42, 45 </span></sup> </p><p>Once the <i>Genevan Psalter</i> was translated into German in 1573, exclusive psalmody became the dominant mode of Reformed congregational singing for 200 years following John Calvin everywhere but in <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Hungary" title="Reformed Church in Hungary">Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-benedict_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benedict-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 496">: 496 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglicans</a> had no theological objection to hymns, but they failed to nurture a tradition of English-language hymnody.<sup id="cite_ref-white_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104">: 104 </span></sup> Works like the 1562 English <i><a href="/wiki/Sternhold_and_Hopkins_Psalter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sternhold and Hopkins Psalter">Sternhold and Hopkins Psalter</a></i> were popular among the Reformed. Literal translations of the Psalms began to be preferred by the Reformed over the looser translations of the <i>Genevan</i> and <i>Sternhold and Hopkins</i> psalters in the latter part of the sixteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-old_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 46">: 46 </span></sup> Some of the most influential psalters of the seventeenth century were the <i>Scottish Psalter</i> of 1635 and the <i><a href="/wiki/Bay_Psalm_Book" title="Bay Psalm Book">Bay Psalm Book</a></i> of 1640, which was the first book printed in America.<sup id="cite_ref-old_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47">: 47 </span></sup> </p><p>Seventeenth-century Reformed theologians did not reach a consensus on the propriety of hymns in worship, and several argued that they were permissible, including <a href="/wiki/John_Ball_(Puritan)" title="John Ball (Puritan)">John Ball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Leigh_(writer)" title="Edward Leigh (writer)">Edward Leigh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ford_(minister)" title="Thomas Ford (minister)">Thomas Ford</a> also seems to have favored an inclusive rather than exclusive psalmody, while clearly preferring biblical psalms.<sup id="cite_ref-haykin_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haykin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 297–298">: 297–298 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Keach" title="Benjamin Keach">Benjamin Keach</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Particular_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Particular Baptist">Particular Baptist</a>, introduced hymn-singing in his congregation in 1673,<sup id="cite_ref-haykin_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haykin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 297">: 297 </span></sup> leading to a debate with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Marlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac Marlow (page does not exist)">Isaac Marlow</a>, who opposed congregational singing altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-haykin_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haykin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 300">: 300 </span></sup> By the end of the seventeenth century, hymn-singing was on its way to being acceptable among English Baptists.<sup id="cite_ref-haykin_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haykin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 308">: 308 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1719, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Watts" title="Isaac Watts">Isaac Watts</a>, an early eighteenth-century English <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a> minister, published <i>Psalms of David, Imitated in the Language of the New Testament,</i> in which "imitated" means "interpreted," rather than being a strict translation. Some complained that his psalms were not translations at all, but paraphrases. Watts also wrote many hymns, many of which imitated the psalms. The rise of <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">pietism</a> in the eighteenth century led to an even greater dominance of hymns,<sup id="cite_ref-old_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47–48">: 47–48 </span></sup> and many of the Reformed reintroduced hymns in the early eighteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-benedict_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benedict-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 196">: 196 </span></sup> Hymnody became acceptable for <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterians</a> and Anglicans around the middle of the nineteenth century, though the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Presbyterian">Reformed Presbyterians</a> continue to insist on exclusive <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> psalmody.<sup id="cite_ref-white_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 76">: 76 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Possible_Biblical_basis">Possible Biblical basis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_psalmody&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Possible Biblical basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The practice of exclusive psalmody is sometimes based on a strict (sometimes called '<a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a>') interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Regulative_principle_of_worship" title="Regulative principle of worship">regulative principle of worship</a>, the teaching that only scriptural elements may be included in worship. However, John Calvin did not invoke such a principle in his justification for the practice. Later exclusive psalmodists contended that since God has given Christians a collection of 150 worship songs and provides scriptural examples of them being sung, God requires these songs to be used in public worship and forbids others to be sung (2 Chronicles 5:13, 2 Chronicles 20:21, 2 Chronicles 29:30, Ezra 3:11, Exodus 15:1). As such, "psalms, hymns and spiritual songs" in Ephesians 5:19 and Colossians 3:16 would serve as a <a href="/wiki/Hendiatris" title="Hendiatris">hendiatris</a>, referring to the various titles of the Psalms as used in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>. </p><p>Another basis would be the Christology of the Psalms, especially seen in Hebrews 2:12 quoting Psalm 22:22 as the words of Christ, demonstrating Christ being among the congregants during worship. The clean, pure and holy one of Psalm 24, who is able to stand perfectly before the Father, would also be the King of glory, and the only Mediator who can lead the congregation to worship the Father (John 14:6). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objections">Objections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_psalmody&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Objections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One counterargument to the doctrine is the fact that exclusive psalmody (EP) implicitly prohibits the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> (NT) revealed name of Jesus in sung worship. The EP position is that the word ישוע ("yeshua") is used many times in the Psalms and it is the root source of the name of Jesus. The assertion is that this satisfies any requirement concerning the use of Jesus' name in sung worship. The complication arises when the context of the word in the Psalms is considered. ישוע is always used to speak of salvation, not directly as the name of the One who is the revealed source and author of salvation, namely Jesus. This may be theological/linguistic gymnastics to support a false conclusion. It is widely understood by the Christian community that the Old Testament, including the Psalms, only speak of Jesus in "types and shadows", not directly using His revealed NT name. The argument claims that to rightfully sing of Jesus as Lord and Savior, one must sing incorporating the proper name of Jesus (i.e., Joshua, Yeshua, Ἰησοῦς, ישוע) to refer to the revealed Jesus, which the Psalms do not do. </p><p>An additional objection to the doctrine aligned to the <a href="/wiki/Regulative_Principle_of_Worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulative Principle of Worship">Regulative Principle of Worship</a> is as follows: </p><p>1. The Psalms are a trustworthy guide to proper worship. </p><p>2. The Psalms command that we sing of the works and deeds of the Lord: </p><p>[Psalm 9:11 ESV] Sing praises to the LORD, who sits enthroned in Zion! Tell among the peoples his deeds! </p><p>[Psalm 105:2 ESV] Sing to him, sing praises to him; tell of all his wondrous works! </p><p>[Psalm 107:22 ESV] And let them offer sacrifices of thanksgiving, and tell of his deeds in songs of joy! </p><p>3. The works and deeds of the Lord Jesus are most fully revealed in the New Testament. </p><p>4. The Psalms command new songs (Psalms 33:3, Psalms 40:3, Psalms 96:1, Psalms 98:1, Psalms 144:9, Psalms 149:1). </p><p>Therefore, the argument goes, new songs concerning the works and deeds of Jesus from the NT are commanded and required for proper worship. </p><p>Additionally, EP doctrine does not allow the "whole council of God" to be included in sung worship, vs allowing it in all other elements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="psalmos_and_the_use_of_musical_instruments"><i>psalmos</i> and the use of musical instruments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_psalmody&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: psalmos and the use of musical instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One objection to the non-use of musical instruments is that the Greek word ψαλμός (<i>psalmos</i>) literally means " a striking of strings".<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://biblehub.com/greek/5568.htm">[1]</a> This means that the use of musical instruments is implied by the word itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Denominations">Denominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_psalmody&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Denominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> denominations practising exclusive psalmody: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Presbyterian_Church#Second_split" title="Bible Presbyterian Church">American Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Presbyterian_Churches" title="Associated Presbyterian Churches">Associated Presbyterian Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Free_Church" title="Australian Free Church">Australian Free Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_(Australia)" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church (Australia)">Evangelical Presbyterian Church</a> in Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(Continuing)" title="Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Eastern_Australia" title="Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia">Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Presbyterian churches">Reformed Presbyterian churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Australia" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Australia">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Australia</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ireland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_North_America" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America">Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Malawi" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Malawi">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Presbyterian_Church_(Australia)" title="Southern Presbyterian Church (Australia)">Southern Presbyterian Church</a> in Australia</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igreja_Puritana_Reformada_no_Brasil_(Puritan_Reformed_Church_in_Brazil)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igreja Puritana Reformada no Brasil (Puritan Reformed Church in Brazil) (page does not exist)">Igreja Puritana Reformada no Brasil (Puritan Reformed Church in Brazil)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrim_Covenant_Church_(Singapore)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pilgrim Covenant Church (Singapore) (page does not exist)">Pilgrim Covenant Church (Singapore)</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Reformed">Dutch Reformed</a> denominations practising exclusive psalmody: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Reformed_Churches_of_North_America" title="Free Reformed Churches of North America">Free Reformed Churches of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Jemaat_Protestan_di_Indonesia" title="Gereja Jemaat Protestan di Indonesia">Gereja Jemaat Protestan di Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Reformed_Congregations" title="Heritage Reformed Congregations">Heritage Reformed Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Reformed_Congregations" title="Netherlands Reformed Congregations">Netherlands Reformed Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Reformed_Church" title="Nigeria Reformed Church">Nigeria Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-Reformed_Congregations_in_the_Netherlands" title="Old-Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands">Old-Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands</a> (Oud Gereformeerde Gemeenten in Nederland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-Reformed_Congregations_(unconnected)" title="Old-Reformed Congregations (unconnected)">Old-Reformed Congregations (unconnected)</a> (Oud Gereformeerde Gemeenten buiten verband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Congregations" title="Reformed Congregations">Reformed Congregations</a> (Gereformeerde Gemeenten)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Congregations_in_the_Netherlands" title="Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands">Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands</a> (Gereformeerde Gemeenten in Nederland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Congregations_in_the_Netherlands_(unconnected)" title="Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (unconnected)">Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (unconnected)</a> (Gereformeerde Gemeenten in Nederland (buiten verband))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Congregations_in_North_America" title="Reformed Congregations in North America">Reformed Congregations in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restored_Reformed_Church" title="Restored Reformed Church">Restored Reformed Church</a> (Hersteld Hervormde Kerk)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_psalmody&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metrical_psalter" title="Metrical psalter">Metrical psalter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_psalmody&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-old-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-old_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOld2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Oliphant_Old" title="Hughes Oliphant Old">Old, Hughes Oliphant</a> (2002). <i>Worship: Reformed according to Scripture</i>. Louisville, KY: <a href="/wiki/Westminster_John_Knox_Press" title="Westminster John Knox Press">Westminster John Knox Press</a>. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0664225797" title="Special:BookSources/978-0664225797"><bdi>978-0664225797</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worship%3A+Reformed+according+to+Scripture&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0664225797&rft.aulast=Old&rft.aufirst=Hughes+Oliphant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExclusive+psalmody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charlesworth, James H., ed. and trans. <i>The Odes of Solomon</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford UP</a>, 1973, 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benedict-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-benedict_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-benedict_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedict2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Benedict" title="Philip Benedict">Benedict, Philip</a> (2002). <i>Christ's Churches Purely Reformed</i>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300105070" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300105070"><bdi>978-0300105070</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ%27s+Churches+Purely+Reformed&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0300105070&rft.aulast=Benedict&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExclusive+psalmody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-white-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-white_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-white_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1989" class="citation book cs1">White, James F. (1989). <i>Protestant Worship</i>. Louisville, KY: <a href="/wiki/Westminster_John_Knox" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster John Knox">Westminster/John Knox Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0664250379" title="Special:BookSources/978-0664250379"><bdi>978-0664250379</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Protestant+Worship&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pub=Westminster%2FJohn+Knox+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0664250379&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExclusive+psalmody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haykin-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haykin_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haykin_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haykin_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haykin_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaykinRobinson2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Haykin" title="Michael Haykin">Haykin, Michael A.G.</a>; Robinson, C. Jeffrey (2011). "Particular Baptist Debates about Communion and Hymn-Singing". In Haykin, Michael A.G.; Jones, Jones (eds.). <i>Drawn Into Controversie: Reformed Theological Diversity and Debates Within Seventeenth-Century British Puritanism</i>. <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>, Germany: <a href="/wiki/Vandenhoeck_%26_Ruprecht" title="Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht">Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Particular+Baptist+Debates+about+Communion+and+Hymn-Singing&rft.btitle=Drawn+Into+Controversie%3A+Reformed+Theological+Diversity+and+Debates+Within+Seventeenth-Century+British+Puritanism&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Haykin&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.G.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C.+Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExclusive+psalmody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reformation-presbyterian-church-australian-presbytery.org/">"Reformation Presbyterian Church, Australian Presbytery"</a>. <i>Reformation Presbyterian Church, Australian Presbytery</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reformation+Presbyterian+Church%2C+Australian+Presbytery&rft.atitle=Reformation+Presbyterian+Church%2C+Australian+Presbytery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freformation-presbyterian-church-australian-presbytery.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExclusive+psalmody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hymns_and_songs_based_on_Psalms" title="Template talk:Hymns and songs based on Psalms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hymns_and_songs_based_on_Psalms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hymns and songs based on Psalms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hymns_and_songs_based_on_psalms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hymns and songs based on <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">psalms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_6" title="Psalm 6">Psalm 6</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Straf_mich_nicht_in_deinem_Zorn" title="Straf mich nicht in deinem Zorn">Straf mich nicht in deinem Zorn</a> (Not in Anger, Mighty God)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_12" title="Psalm 12">Psalm 12 (11)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Ach_Gott,_vom_Himmel_sieh_darein" title="Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein">Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein</a> (O Lord, Look Down from Heaven, Behold)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_14" title="Psalm 14">Psalm 14 (13)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Es_spricht_der_Unweisen_Mund_wohl" title="Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl">Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl</a> (The Mouth of Fools Doth God Confess)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_19" title="Psalm 19">Psalm 19 (18)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Dein_Lob,_Herr,_ruft_der_Himmel_aus" title="Dein Lob, Herr, ruft der Himmel aus">Dein Lob, Herr, ruft der Himmel aus</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_23" title="Psalm 23">Psalm 23 (22)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Love_My_Shepherd_Is" title="The King of Love My Shepherd Is">The King of Love My Shepherd Is</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord%27s_my_Shepherd" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lord's my Shepherd">The Lord's my Shepherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Der_Herr_ist_mein_getreuer_Hirt" title="Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt">Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt</a> (The Lord is my faithful Shepherd)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_31" title="Psalm 31">Psalm 31 (30)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/In_dich_hab_ich_gehoffet,_Herr" title="In dich hab ich gehoffet, Herr">In dich hab ich gehoffet, Herr</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_36" title="Psalm 36">Psalm 36 (35)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Herr,_deine_G%C3%BCt_ist_unbegrenzt" title="Herr, deine Güt ist unbegrenzt">Herr, deine Güt ist unbegrenzt</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_39" title="Psalm 39">Psalm 39 (38)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Farewell" title="Songs of Farewell">Lord, let me know mine end</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_45" title="Psalm 45">Psalm 45 (44)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Wie_sch%C3%B6n_leuchtet_der_Morgenstern" title="Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern">Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern</a> (How Lovely Shines the Morning Star)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_46" title="Psalm 46">Psalm 46 (45)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/A_Mighty_Fortress_Is_Our_God" title="A Mighty Fortress Is Our God">A Mighty Fortress Is Our God</a> (Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_67" title="Psalm 67">Psalm 67 (66)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Es_woll_uns_Gott_gen%C3%A4dig_sein" title="Es woll uns Gott genädig sein">Es woll uns Gott genädig sein</a> (May God Bestow on Us His Grace)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_90" title="Psalm 90">Psalm 90 (89)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Our_God,_Our_Help_in_Ages_Past" title="Our God, Our Help in Ages Past">Our God, Our Help in Ages Past</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_98" title="Psalm 98">Psalm 98 (97)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Nun_singt_ein_neues_Lied_dem_Herren" title="Nun singt ein neues Lied dem Herren">Nun singt ein neues Lied dem Herren</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_100" title="Psalm 100">Psalm 100 (99)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Old_100th" title="Old 100th">All People that on Earth do Dwell</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nun_jauchzt_dem_Herren,_alle_Welt" title="Nun jauchzt dem Herren, alle Welt">Nun jauchzt dem Herren, alle Welt</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_103" title="Psalm 103">Psalm 103 (102)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Praise,_my_soul,_the_King_of_heaven" title="Praise, my soul, the King of heaven">Praise, my soul, the King of heaven</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_124" title="Psalm 124">Psalm 124 (123)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4r_Gott_nicht_mit_uns_diese_Zeit" title="Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit">Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit</a> (If God Had Not Been on Our Side) – <a href="/wiki/Wo_Gott_der_Herr_nicht_bei_uns_h%C3%A4lt" title="Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält">Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_130" title="Psalm 130">Psalm 130 (129)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Aus_tiefer_Not_schrei_ich_zu_dir" title="Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir">Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir</a> (Out of the Depths I Cry to Thee)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_133" title="Psalm 133">Psalm 133 (132)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Hine_Ma_Tov" title="Hine Ma Tov">Hine Ma Tov</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_136" title="Psalm 136">Psalm 136 (135)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Let_us_with_a_gladsome_mind" title="Let us with a gladsome mind">Let us with a gladsome mind</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_137" title="Psalm 137">Psalm 137 (136)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/An_Wasserfl%C3%BCssen_Babylon" title="An Wasserflüssen Babylon">An Wasserflüssen Babylon</a> (By the rivers of Babylon)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_138" title="Psalm 138">Psalm 138 (137)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Mein_ganzes_Herz_erhebet_dich" title="Mein ganzes Herz erhebet dich">Mein ganzes Herz erhebet dich</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_139" title="Psalm 139">Psalm 139 (138)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Herr,_dir_ist_nichts_verborgen" title="Herr, dir ist nichts verborgen">Herr, dir ist nichts verborgen</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_146" title="Psalm 146">Psalm 146 (145)</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Du_meine_Seele_singe" title="Du meine Seele singe">Du meine Seele singe</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #ddddff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Psalm_149" title="Psalm 149">Psalm 149</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Singet_dem_Herrn_ein_neues_Lied" title="Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied">Singt dem Herrn ein neues Lied</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Becker_Psalter" title="Becker Psalter">Becker Psalter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Songs" title="Biblical Songs">Biblical Songs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazhen_Muzh" title="Blazhen Muzh">Blazhen Muzh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Exclusive psalmody</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genevan_Psalter" title="Genevan Psalter">Genevan Psalter</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Babylon" title="Rivers of Babylon">Rivers of Babylon</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Psalms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Psalms" title="Template:Psalms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Psalms" title="Template talk:Psalms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Psalms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Psalms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Psalms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By number<br />(divergent<br />Greek<br />number)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_1" title="Psalm 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_2" title="Psalm 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_3" title="Psalm 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_4" title="Psalm 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_5" title="Psalm 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_6" title="Psalm 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_7" title="Psalm 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_8" title="Psalm 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_9" title="Psalm 9">9 (9a)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_10" title="Psalm 10">10 (9b)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_11" title="Psalm 11">11 (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_12" title="Psalm 12">12 (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_13" title="Psalm 13">13 (12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_14" title="Psalm 14">14 (13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_15" title="Psalm 15">15 (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_16" title="Psalm 16">16 (15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_17" title="Psalm 17">17 (16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_18" title="Psalm 18">18 (17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_19" title="Psalm 19">19 (18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_20" title="Psalm 20">20 (19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_21" title="Psalm 21">21 (20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_22" title="Psalm 22">22 (21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_23" title="Psalm 23">23 (22)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_24" title="Psalm 24">24 (23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_25" title="Psalm 25">25 (24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_26" title="Psalm 26">26 (25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_27" title="Psalm 27">27 (26)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_28" title="Psalm 28">28 (27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_29" title="Psalm 29">29 (28)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_30" title="Psalm 30">30 (29)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_31" title="Psalm 31">31 (30)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_32" title="Psalm 32">32 (31)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_33" title="Psalm 33">33 (32)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_34" title="Psalm 34">34 (33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_35" title="Psalm 35">35 (34)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_36" title="Psalm 36">36 (35)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_37" title="Psalm 37">37 (36)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_38" title="Psalm 38">38 (37)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_39" title="Psalm 39">39 (38)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_40" title="Psalm 40">40 (39)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_41" title="Psalm 41">41 (40)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_42" title="Psalm 42">42 (41)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_43" title="Psalm 43">43 (42)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_44" title="Psalm 44">44 (43)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_45" title="Psalm 45">45 (44)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_46" title="Psalm 46">46 (45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_47" title="Psalm 47">47 (46)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_48" title="Psalm 48">48 (47)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_49" title="Psalm 49">49 (48)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_50" title="Psalm 50">50 (49)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">51 (50)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_52" title="Psalm 52">52 (51)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_53" title="Psalm 53">53 (52)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_54" title="Psalm 54">54 (53)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_55" title="Psalm 55">55 (54)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_56" title="Psalm 56">56 (55)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_57" title="Psalm 57">57 (56)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_58" title="Psalm 58">58 (57)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_59" title="Psalm 59">59 (58)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_60" title="Psalm 60">60 (59)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_61" title="Psalm 61">61 (60)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_62" title="Psalm 62">62 (61)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_63" title="Psalm 63">63 (62)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_64" title="Psalm 64">64 (63)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_65" title="Psalm 65">65 (64)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_66" title="Psalm 66">66 (65)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_67" title="Psalm 67">67 (66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_68" title="Psalm 68">68 (67)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_69" title="Psalm 69">69 (68)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_70" title="Psalm 70">70 (69)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_71" title="Psalm 71">71 (70)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_72" title="Psalm 72">72 (71)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_73" title="Psalm 73">73 (72)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_74" title="Psalm 74">74 (73)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_75" title="Psalm 75">75 (74)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_76" title="Psalm 76">76 (75)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_77" title="Psalm 77">77 (76)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_78" title="Psalm 78">78 (77)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_79" title="Psalm 79">79 (78)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_80" title="Psalm 80">80 (79)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_81" title="Psalm 81">81 (80)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_82" title="Psalm 82">82 (81)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_83" title="Psalm 83">83 (82)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_84" title="Psalm 84">84 (83)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_85" title="Psalm 85">85 (84)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_86" title="Psalm 86">86 (85)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_87" title="Psalm 87">87 (86)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_88" title="Psalm 88">88 (87)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_89" title="Psalm 89">89 (88)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_90" title="Psalm 90">90 (89)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_91" title="Psalm 91">91 (90)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_92" title="Psalm 92">92 (91)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_93" title="Psalm 93">93 (92)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_94" title="Psalm 94">94 (93)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_95" title="Psalm 95">95 (94)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_96" title="Psalm 96">96 (95)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_97" title="Psalm 97">97 (96)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_98" title="Psalm 98">98 (97)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_99" title="Psalm 99">99 (98)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_100" title="Psalm 100">100 (99)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_101" title="Psalm 101">101 (100)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_102" title="Psalm 102">102 (101)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_103" title="Psalm 103">103 (102)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_104" title="Psalm 104">104 (103)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_105" title="Psalm 105">105 (104)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_106" title="Psalm 106">106 (105)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_107" title="Psalm 107">107 (106)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_108" title="Psalm 108">108 (107)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_109" title="Psalm 109">109 (108)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_110" title="Psalm 110">110 (109)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_111" title="Psalm 111">111 (110)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_112" title="Psalm 112">112 (111)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_113" title="Psalm 113">113 (112)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_114" title="Psalm 114">114 (113a)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_115" title="Psalm 115">115 (113b)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_116" title="Psalm 116">116 (114–115)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_117" title="Psalm 117">117 (116)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_118" title="Psalm 118">118 (117)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_119" title="Psalm 119">119 (118)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_120" title="Psalm 120">120 (119)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_121" title="Psalm 121">121 (120)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_122" title="Psalm 122">122 (121)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_123" title="Psalm 123">123 (122)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_124" title="Psalm 124">124 (123)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_125" title="Psalm 125">125 (124)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_126" title="Psalm 126">126 (125)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_127" title="Psalm 127">127 (126)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_128" title="Psalm 128">128 (127)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_129" title="Psalm 129">129 (128)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_130" title="Psalm 130">130 (129)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_131" title="Psalm 131">131 (130)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_132" title="Psalm 132">132 (131)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_133" title="Psalm 133">133 (132)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_134" title="Psalm 134">134 (133)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_135" title="Psalm 135">135 (134)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_136" title="Psalm 136">136 (135)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_137" title="Psalm 137">137 (136)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_138" title="Psalm 138">138 (137)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_139" title="Psalm 139">139 (138)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_140" title="Psalm 140">140 (139)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_141" title="Psalm 141">141 (140)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_142" title="Psalm 142">142 (141)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_143" title="Psalm 143">143 (142)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_144" title="Psalm 144">144 (143)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_145" title="Psalm 145">145 (144)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_146" title="Psalm 146">146 (145)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_147" title="Psalm 147">147 (146–147)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_148" title="Psalm 148">148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_149" title="Psalm 149">149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_150" title="Psalm 150">150</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanonical</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">151</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">152–155</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Orthodox">Syriac Orthodox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Solomon" title="Psalms of Solomon">Psalms of Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_(biblical_figure)" title="Ethan (biblical figure)">Ethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heman_the_Ezrahite" title="Heman the Ezrahite">Heman the Ezrahite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Asaph" title="Psalms of Asaph">Asaph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of psalm</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Asaph" title="Psalms of Asaph">Psalms of Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_of_communal_lament" title="Psalm of communal lament">Communal lament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprecatory_Psalms" title="Imprecatory Psalms">Imprecatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitatory" title="Invitatory">Invitatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudate_psalms" title="Laudate psalms">Laudate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Penitential Psalms">Penitential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_psalms" title="Royal psalms">Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Ascents" title="Song of Ascents">Song of Ascents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallel" title="Hallel">Hallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah" title="Hallelujah">Hallelujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan" title="Leviathan">Leviathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miktam" title="Miktam">Miktam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahab_(term)" title="Rahab (term)">Rahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selah" title="Selah">Selah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshannim" title="Shoshannim">Shoshannim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Psalm_45" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Psalm 45">Queen of Psalm 45</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psalm phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beatus_vir" title="Beatus vir">Beatus vir</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_is_time_to_work_for_the_Lord" title="It is time to work for the Lord">It is time to work for the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_cup_runneth_over" title="My cup runneth over">My cup runneth over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/They_have_pierced_my_hands_and_my_feet" title="They have pierced my hands and my feet">They have pierced my hands and my feet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psalmody</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Exclusive psalmody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_psalm_singing" title="Gaelic psalm singing">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelineau_psalmody" title="Gelineau psalmody">Gelineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsorial_psalmody" title="Responsorial psalmody">Responsorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathisma" title="Kathisma">Kathisma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perek_Shirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Perek Shirah">Perek Shirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pater_Noster_cord" title="Pater Noster cord">Pater Noster cord</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tikkun_HaKlali" title="Tikkun HaKlali">Tikkun HaKlali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Tehillim" title="Midrash Tehillim">Midrash Tehillim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4Q448" title="4Q448">4Q448</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Psalms_Scroll" title="Great Psalms Scroll">Great Psalms Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_5101" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 5101">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 5101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Vindobonensis_Greek_39777" title="Papyrus Vindobonensis Greek 39777">Vindobonensis Greek 39777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Lond.Lit.207" title="P. Lond.Lit.207">P. Lond.Lit.207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor-Schechter_16.320" title="Taylor-Schechter 16.320">Taylor-Schechter 16.320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosiano_O_39_sup." title="Ambrosiano O 39 sup.">Ambrosiano O 39 sup.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_psalmody&oldid=1223956335">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_psalmody&oldid=1223956335</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_terminology" title="Category:Christian terminology">Christian terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psalms" title="Category:Psalms">Psalms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Church_music" title="Category:Church music">Church music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protestant_worship_and_liturgy" title="Category:Protestant worship and liturgy">Protestant worship and liturgy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 May 2024, at 11:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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