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id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Professional career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Military service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indiana_state_treasurer_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indiana_state_treasurer_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Indiana state treasurer election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indiana_state_treasurer_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayor_of_South_Bend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_of_South_Bend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Mayor of South Bend </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mayor_of_South_Bend-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Mayor of South Bend subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Mayor_of_South_Bend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 First term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Second term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Increased_national_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Increased_national_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Increased national profile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Increased_national_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succession_as_mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession_as_mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Succession as mayor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession_as_mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DNC_chairmanship_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DNC_chairmanship_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 DNC chairmanship campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DNC_chairmanship_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 2020 presidential campaign </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2020_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2020 presidential campaign subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2020_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Post-presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretary_of_Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretary_of_Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Secretary of Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Secretary_of_Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Secretary of Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Secretary_of_Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nomination_and_confirmation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomination_and_confirmation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Nomination and confirmation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomination_and_confirmation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_as_secretary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_as_secretary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Work as secretary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_as_secretary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Aviation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Other actions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Political positions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political positions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infrastructure_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Social issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voting_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Voting rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voting_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_finance_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_finance_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Campaign finance reform </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_finance_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statehood_advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statehood_advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Statehood advocacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statehood_advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Climate change </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Economic beliefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Workers'_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Workers'_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Workers' rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Workers'_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.10 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.11 Health care </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.12 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Electoral history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Pete Buttigieg</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" > 52 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="بيت بوتجيج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيت بوتجيج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%AC" title="پیت بوتیجج – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیت بوتیجج" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C" title="পিট বুটিজেজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিট বুটিজেজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CF%84_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B6" title="Πιτ Μπούτιτζετζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιτ Μπούτιτζετζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC%D8%AC" title="پیت بودجج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیت بودجج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B6%80%ED%8B%B0%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%80" title="피트 부티지지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피트 부티지지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Փիթ Բութիջիչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փիթ Բութիջիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%92%27%D7%92%27" title="פיט בוטיג'ג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיט בוטיג'ג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="പീറ്റ് ബൂട്ടിജിജ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പീറ്റ് ബൂട്ടിജിജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%DA%86" title="پيت بوداچيدچ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پيت بوداچيدچ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8" title="ピート・ブティジェッジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピート・ブティジェッジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Буттиджич, Пит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Буттиджич, Пит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="پیت بوتیجیج – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیت بوتیجیج" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9F%D0%B8%D1%9F" title="Пит Бутиџиџ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пит Бутиџиџ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88" title="พีต บูติเจิจ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พีต บูติเจิจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Піт Буттіджедж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піт Буттіджедж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%B1%E5%90%89" title="彼得·布塔朱吉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彼得·布塔朱吉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Pete Buttigieg" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7173106#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (born 1982)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mayor Pete" redirects here. For the documentary film, see <a href="/wiki/Mayor_Pete_(film)" title="Mayor Pete (film)">Mayor Pete (film)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Pete Buttigieg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg,_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg/220px-Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg/330px-Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg/440px-Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4787" data-file-height="5985" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2022</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">19th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">United States Secretary of Transportation</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office February 3, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polly_Trottenberg" title="Polly Trottenberg">Polly Trottenberg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Chao" title="Elaine Chao">Elaine Chao</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">32nd <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">Mayor of South Bend</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 1, 2012 – January 1, 2020</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Luecke" title="Steve Luecke">Steve Luecke</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Mueller_(Indiana_politician)" title="James Mueller (Indiana politician)">James Mueller</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg</div> (1982-01-19) January 19, 1982 (age 42) <a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chasten_Buttigieg" title="Chasten Buttigieg">Chasten Glezman</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>2018)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Buttigieg" title="Joseph Buttigieg">Joseph Buttigieg</a> Anne Montgomery</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>) <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford" title="Pembroke College, Oxford">Pembroke College, Oxford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_politics_and_economics" title="Philosophy, politics and economics">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_signature_(1).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pete Buttigieg's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png/128px-Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png/192px-Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png/256px-Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="172" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">U.S. Navy Reserve</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Service years</th><td class="infobox-data">2009–2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Intelligence" title="Office of Naval Intelligence">Naval Intelligence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Service Commendation Medal">Joint Service Commendation Medal</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg%27s_opening_statement_on_his_nomination_to_be_U.S._Secretary_of_Transportation.ogg" title="File:Pete Buttigieg's opening statement on his nomination to be U.S. Secretary of Transportation.ogg">Pete Buttigieg's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="306" data-mwtitle="Pete_Buttigieg's_opening_statement_on_his_nomination_to_be_U.S._Secretary_of_Transportation.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Pete_Buttigieg%27s_opening_statement_on_his_nomination_to_be_U.S._Secretary_of_Transportation.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/Pete_Buttigieg%27s_opening_statement_on_his_nomination_to_be_U.S._Secretary_of_Transportation.ogg/Pete_Buttigieg%27s_opening_statement_on_his_nomination_to_be_U.S._Secretary_of_Transportation.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Pete Buttigieg's opening statement on his nomination to be <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of Transportation">U.S. Secretary of Transportation</a> Recorded January 21, 2021</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="2310" /></a></td> <td style="background:#34AAE0; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;">This article is part of a series about <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Buttigieg</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Political positions of Pete Buttigieg">Political positions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Electoral_history">Electoral history</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">Mayor of South Bend, Indiana</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Mayoralty of Pete Buttigieg">Tenure</a></li> <li>Elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_South_Bend_mayoral_election" title="2011 South Bend mayoral election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_South_Bend_mayoral_election" title="2015 South Bend mayoral election">2015</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="Flag of South Bend, Indiana">New city flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_South_Shore_Line_station_in_South_Bend" title="Proposed South Shore Line station in South Bend">Proposal for new train station</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">Endorsements</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">United States Secretary of Transportation</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet of Joe Biden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Indiana_State_Treasurer_election" title="2010 Indiana State Treasurer election">2010 Indiana State Treasurer election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017 DNC chairmanship campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasten_Buttigieg" title="Chasten Buttigieg">Chasten Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Buttigieg" title="Joseph Buttigieg">Joseph Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitting_Home_PAC" title="Hitting Home PAC">Hitting Home PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortest_Way_Home" title="Shortest Way Home">Shortest Way Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust:_America%27s_Best_Chance" title="Trust: America's Best Chance">Trust: America's Best Chance</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_signature_(1).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png/120px-Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png/180px-Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png/240px-Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="172" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg/50px-United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg/75px-United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg/100px-United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="248" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pete_Buttigieg_series" title="Template:Pete Buttigieg series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pete_Buttigieg_series" title="Template talk:Pete Buttigieg series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pete_Buttigieg_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pete Buttigieg series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #3333FF; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Liberalism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#3333FF; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism#United_States" title="Classical liberalism">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism#United_States" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern/Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">Civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">Due process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_Principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Harm Principle">Harm Principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_internationalism" title="Liberal internationalism">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_egalitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal egalitarianism">Legal egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">Social equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unalienable_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Unalienable rights">Unalienable rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Deal" title="Fair Deal">Fair Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy" title="Jacksonian democracy">Jacksonian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal_coalition" title="New Deal coalition">New Deal coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America_movement" title="Young America movement">Young America movement</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Steele_Commager" title="Henry Steele Commager">Commager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Frank" title="Thomas Frank">Frank (Thomas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hofstadter" title="Richard Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Ingersoll" title="Robert G. Ingersoll">Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Ireland" title="Patricia Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">King (Coretta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Martin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Maddow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauli_Murray" title="Pauli Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Pinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Rorty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Schlesinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Edward_Smith" title="Stephen Edward Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Sontag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Trilling" title="Lionel Trilling">Trilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Monroe_Trotter" title="William Monroe Trotter">Trotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Frank_Ward" title="Lester Frank Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wellstone" title="Paul Wellstone">Wellstone</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacey_Abrams" title="Stacey Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams"> Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Aguilar" title="Pete Aguilar">Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton (Bill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Clinton (Hillary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Cuomo (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo">Cuomo (Mario)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Frank (Barney)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Glasser" title="Ira Glasser">Glasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gompers" title="Samuel Gompers">Gompers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Garfield_Hays" title="Arthur Garfield Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_K._Javits" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob K. Javits">Javits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Kennedy (Joseph)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Kennedy (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">King (Coretta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Martin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kinzinger" title="Adam Kinzinger">Kinzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Newsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Eleanor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wellstone" title="Paul Wellstone">Wellstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Yarborough</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(streamer)" title="Destiny (streamer)">Bonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamelle_Bouie" title="Jamelle Bouie">Bouie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carville" title="James Carville">Carville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Chait" title="Jonathan Chait">Chait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Nehisi_Coates" title="Ta-Nehisi Coates">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Colbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Croly" title="Herbert Croly">Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Dowd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxane_Gay" title="Roxane Gay">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hayes" title="Chris Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Howe" title="Irving Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianna_Huffington" title="Arianna Huffington">Huffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel" title="Jimmy Kimmel">Kimmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Klein" title="Ezra Klein">Klein (Ezra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Klein" title="Naomi Klein">Klein (Naomi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Maddow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meyers" title="Seth Meyers">Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(political_strategist)" title="Tim Miller (political strategist)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Moyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Noah" title="Trevor Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Polgreen" title="Lydia Polgreen">Polgreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Uygur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Yglesias" class="mw-redirect" title="Matt Yglesias">Yglesias</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Blackmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Breyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Cardozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Darrow" title="Clarence Darrow">Darrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan" title="John Marshall Harlan">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hamilton_Houston" title="Charles Hamilton Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">K. B. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">Souter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Tribe" title="Laurence Tribe">Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Warren</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Administration_party" title="Anti-Administration party">Anti-Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="National Democratic Party (United States)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">Progressive Party</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive Party</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> (historically, factions) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-tan_faction" title="Black-and-tan faction">Black-and-tans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-Breeds_(politics)" title="Half-Breeds (politics)">Half-Breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Republicans">Rockefeller Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Roosevelt Republicans">Roosevelt Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_Republicans_(Reconstruction_era)" title="Moderate Republicans (Reconstruction era)">Moderate Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwumps" title="Mugwumps">Mugwumps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party (factions)</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress" title="Center for American Progress">Center for American Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Budget_and_Policy_Priorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Budget and Policy Priorities">Center for Budget and Policy Priorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute" title="Roosevelt Institute">Roosevelt Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Constitution_Society" title="American Constitution Society">American Constitution Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Humanist_Association" title="American Humanist Association">American Humanist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_United_for_Separation_of_Church_and_State" title="Americans United for Separation of Church and State">Americans United for Separation of Church and State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennan_Center_For_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Brennan Center For Justice">Brennan Center For Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Justice_Works" title="Equal Justice Works">Equal Justice Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way" title="People for the American Way">People for the American Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NARAL" class="mw-redirect" title="NARAL">NARAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Southern Center for Human Rights">Southern Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNCC" class="mw-redirect" title="SNCC">SNCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Prospect" title="The American Prospect">The American Prospect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_with_Jon_Stewart" title="The Problem with Jon Stewart">The Problem with Jon Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourners" title="Sojourners">Sojourners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Points_Memo" title="Talking Points Memo">Talking Points Memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThinkProgress" title="ThinkProgress">ThinkProgress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_American_academics" title="Political views of American academics">Liberal bias in academia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias_in_the_United_States" title="Media bias in the United States">Liberal bias in the media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Liberal_Imagination" title="The Liberal Imagination">The Liberal Imagination</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern liberalism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Left" title="American Left">American Left</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/15px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/22px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/30px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberalism_US" title="Template:Liberalism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberalism_US" title="Template talk:Liberalism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberalism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberalism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈbuːtɪdʒədʒ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3b\/En-us-Buttigieg-2.ogg\/En-us-Buttigieg-2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Buttigieg-2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-us-Buttigieg-2.ogg/En-us-Buttigieg-2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Buttigieg-2.ogg" title="File:En-us-Buttigieg-2.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">BOO-tij-əj</a>;<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> born January 19, 1982) is an American politician and former naval officer who is serving as the 19th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">United States secretary of transportation</a>. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, he served as the 32nd <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">mayor of South Bend, Indiana</a>, from 2012 to 2020, which earned him the nickname "Mayor Pete". Buttigieg is a graduate of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, attending the latter on a <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholarship</a>. In 2007, he began three years of work at the <a href="/wiki/Management_consulting" title="Management consulting">management consulting</a> firm <a href="/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey & Company</a>. From 2009 to 2017, he was an <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Intelligence" title="Office of Naval Intelligence">intelligence officer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">United States Navy Reserve</a>, attaining the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">lieutenant</a>. He was mobilized and <a href="/wiki/Military_deployment#United_States" title="Military deployment">deployed</a> to the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a> for seven months in 2014. Before being elected as mayor of South Bend in <a href="/wiki/2011_South_Bend_mayoral_election" title="2011 South Bend mayoral election">2011</a>, Buttigieg worked on the political campaigns of Democrats <a href="/wiki/Jill_Long_Thompson" title="Jill Long Thompson">Jill Long Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Donnelly" title="Joe Donnelly">Joe Donnelly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, and ran unsuccessfully as the Democratic nominee for <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Treasurer" title="Indiana State Treasurer">Indiana State Treasurer</a> in <a href="/wiki/2010_Indiana_State_Treasurer_election" title="2010 Indiana State Treasurer election">2010</a>. While serving as South Bend's mayor, Buttigieg <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">came out</a> as gay in 2015. He married <a href="/wiki/Chasten_Buttigieg" title="Chasten Buttigieg">Chasten Glezman</a>, a schoolteacher and writer, in June 2018. Buttigieg declined to seek a third term as mayor. Buttigieg ran in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>, launching <a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">his campaign</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a> on April 14, 2019. He became one of the first openly gay men to launch a major party presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a> Despite initially low expectations, he gained significant momentum in mid-2019 when he participated in several <a href="/wiki/Town_hall_meeting" title="Town hall meeting">town hall meetings</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">television debates</a>. Buttigieg narrowly won the <a href="/wiki/2020_Iowa_Democratic_caucuses" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a> and placed a close second in the <a href="/wiki/2020_New_Hampshire_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 New Hampshire Democratic primary">New Hampshire primary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nilsen-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> By winning Iowa, he became the first openly gay candidate to win a presidential primary or caucus. Buttigieg dropped out of the race on March 1, 2020, and endorsed <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> the following day. President-elect Biden named Buttigieg as his nominee for Secretary of Transportation in December 2020. His nomination was confirmed on February 2, 2021, by a vote of 86–13, making him the first openly gay Cabinet secretary in U.S. history.<a href="#cite_note-11">[c]</a> Nominated at age 38, he is also the youngest Cabinet member in the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Biden administration</a> and the youngest person ever to serve as Secretary of Transportation. Press reports had mentioned Buttigieg as a <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">possible running mate</a> for <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> upon the start of her <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024 presidential campaign</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a> though he was ultimately not selected.<a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2></div> Pete Buttigieg was born on January 19, 1982, in <a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a>, to Jennifer "Anne" Montgomery and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anthony_Buttigieg_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Anthony Buttigieg II">Joseph Anthony Buttigieg II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTsuccessor-17">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> He is an only child. His parents met and married while employed as faculty at <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_University" title="New Mexico State University">New Mexico State University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> His father was born in <a href="/wiki/Hamrun" title="Hamrun">Hamrun, Malta</a>, and emigrated to the United States to pursue his doctorate.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo_20200228-20">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Laviola-21">[18]</a> Buttigieg's father embarked on a career as a professor of English at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a> near South Bend.<a href="#cite_note-Laviola-21">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Trebay-180618-22">[19]</a> Buttigieg's mother also taught at the University of Notre Dame for 29 years.<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> His father, a translator of Marxist philosopher <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Prison_Notebooks" title="Prison Notebooks">Prison Notebooks</a> and the editor of a three-volume English edition, influenced his son's decision to study literature in college.<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> Buttigieg was valedictorian of the class of 2000 at <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_High_School_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="St. Joseph High School (South Bend, Indiana)">St. Joseph High School</a> in South Bend.<a href="#cite_note-2010Bio-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> That year, he won first prize in the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a>'s Profiles in Courage essay contest. He traveled to Boston where he accepted the award and met <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a> and other members of the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a>. The subject of his essay was the integrity and political courage of then <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, one of only two <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent politicians</a> in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-DeCosta-Klipa-190402-28">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[d]</a> In 2000, Buttigieg was one of two students chosen to be a delegate from Indiana to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Youth_Program" title="United States Senate Youth Program">United States Senate Youth Program</a>,<a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> an annual scholarship competition sponsored jointly by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> and the Hearst Foundations.<a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> In his last high-school year, Pete Buttigieg was named the school <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a>, voted senior class president and chosen Most Likely to be U.S. President.<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> After graduating from high school, Buttigieg attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>, where he majored in history and literature.<a href="#cite_note-Alfaro-190123-34">[30]</a> He became president of the Student Advisory Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Institute_of_Politics" title="Harvard Institute of Politics">Harvard Institute of Politics</a> and worked on the institute's annual study of youth attitudes on politics.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-35">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a> His undergraduate thesis, The Quiet American's Errand into the Wilderness, examined the influence of <a href="/wiki/Puritanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritanism">Puritanism</a> on U.S. foreign policy as reflected in <a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/The_Quiet_American" title="The Quiet American">The Quiet American</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> He graduated <a href="/wiki/Magna_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna cum laude">magna cum laude</a> from Harvard in 2004, and was elected a member of <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harvard_Gazette-39">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> Buttigieg was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholarship</a> to study at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harvard_Gazette-39">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> In 2007, he received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree with <a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification#First-class_honours" title="British undergraduate degree classification">first-class honours</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_politics,_and_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy, politics, and economics">philosophy, politics, and economics</a> after studying at <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford" title="Pembroke College, Oxford">Pembroke College, Oxford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WallaceWells-42">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> At Oxford, he was an editor of the Oxford International Review,<a href="#cite_note-timesunion2march-46">[42]</a> and was a co-founder<a href="#cite_note-timesunion2march-46">[42]</a> and member of the Democratic Renaissance Project, an informal debate and discussion group of approximately a dozen Oxford students.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_career">Professional career</h3></div> Before graduating from college, Buttigieg was an investigative intern at <a href="/wiki/WMAQ-TV" title="WMAQ-TV">WMAQ-TV</a>, Chicago's <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> affiliate.<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> He also interned for Democrat <a href="/wiki/Jill_Long_Thompson" title="Jill Long Thompson">Jill Long Thompson</a> during her unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana#District_2" title="2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">2002 congressional bid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> After college, Buttigieg worked on <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>'s <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_presidential_campaign,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004">2004 presidential campaign</a> as a policy and research specialist for several months in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-toosmart-51">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> From 2004 to 2005, Buttigieg was conference director of the Cohen Group.<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> In 2006, he lent assistance to <a href="/wiki/Joe_Donnelly" title="Joe Donnelly">Joe Donnelly</a>'s successful <a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana#District_2" title="2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">congressional campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> After earning his Oxford degree, in 2007, Buttigieg became a consultant at the Chicago office of <a href="/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey & Company</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10yearsoftaxreturns-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> where he worked on energy, retail, economic development, and logistics for three years.<a href="#cite_note-Truman-57">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> His clients at McKinsey included the <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">health insurer</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_of_Michigan" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan">Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan</a>, electronics retailer <a href="/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a>, Canadian supermarket chain <a href="/wiki/Loblaws" title="Loblaws">Loblaws</a>, two nonprofit environmentalist groups, the <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Natural Resources Defense Council">Natural Resources Defense Council</a> and Energy Foundation, and several U.S. government agencies, the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy Department</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense Department</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">Postal Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> He took a leave of absence from McKinsey in 2008 to become research director for Jill Long Thompson's unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/2008_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2008 Indiana gubernatorial election">campaign for Indiana governor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> His work at McKinsey included trips to Iraq and Afghanistan, which he rarely discusses.<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> Buttigieg left McKinsey in 2010 in order to focus full-time on his campaign for Indiana state treasurer.<a href="#cite_note-10yearsoftaxreturns-55">[51]</a> Buttigieg has been involved with the <a href="/wiki/Truman_National_Security_Project" title="Truman National Security Project">Truman National Security Project</a> since 2005 and serves as a fellow with expertise in Afghanistan and Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-Truman-57">[53]</a> He was named to the organization's board of advisors in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-35">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_service">Military service</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Afghanistan_5.jpg_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pete_Afghanistan_5.jpg_large.jpg/220px-Pete_Afghanistan_5.jpg_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pete_Afghanistan_5.jpg_large.jpg/330px-Pete_Afghanistan_5.jpg_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pete_Afghanistan_5.jpg_large.jpg/440px-Pete_Afghanistan_5.jpg_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1894" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg in 2014 during his service in Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> Buttigieg joined the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy Reserve">U.S. Navy Reserve</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Direct_commission_officer" title="Direct commission officer">direct commission officer (DCO)</a> program and was sworn in as an <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">ensign</a> in naval intelligence in September 2009.<a href="#cite_note-stripes-66">[62]</a> He took a seven-month leave during his mayoral term to deploy to Afghanistan in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> While there, Buttigieg was part of a unit assigned to identify and disrupt terrorist finance networks. Part of this was done at <a href="/wiki/Bagram_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagram Air Base">Bagram Air Base</a>, but he was also an armed driver for his commander on more than 100 trips into <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, where he was tasked with watching out for ambushes and explosive devices along the roads and ensuring that the vehicle was guarded. Buttigieg has jokingly referred to this role as "military <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a>".<a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-71">[67]</a> Also, while deployed in Afghanistan, Buttigieg was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Threat_Finance_Cell" title="Afghan Threat Finance Cell">Afghan Threat Finance Cell</a>, a counterterrorism unit that targeted <a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a> financing.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> Buttigieg was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Service Commendation Medal">Joint Service Commendation Medal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> and he left the U.S. Navy Reserve in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-abcnewsNavyReserve-75">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jamerson_Kesling_2019x-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indiana_state_treasurer_election">Indiana state treasurer election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2010_Indiana_State_Treasurer_election" title="2010 Indiana State Treasurer election">2010 Indiana State Treasurer election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PeteButtigieg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PeteButtigieg.JPG/220px-PeteButtigieg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PeteButtigieg.JPG/330px-PeteButtigieg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PeteButtigieg.JPG/440px-PeteButtigieg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1341" data-file-height="1589" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg campaign photo for <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Treasurer" title="Indiana State Treasurer">Indiana State Treasurer</a> in March 2010</figcaption></figure> Buttigieg was the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Treasurer" title="Indiana State Treasurer">state treasurer of Indiana</a> in 2010. He received 37.5 percent of the vote, losing to <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> incumbent <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mourdock" title="Richard Mourdock">Richard Mourdock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Groppe-190414-79">[75]</a> Much of Buttigieg's campaign had focused on criticizing Mourdock for investing state <a href="/wiki/Pension" title="Pension">pension</a> funds in <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a> <a href="/wiki/Junk_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Junk bonds">junk bonds</a>, and for having subsequently filed a lawsuit against <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Chapter_11_reorganization" title="Chrysler Chapter 11 reorganization">Chrysler's bankruptcy restructuring</a>, which Buttigieg argued imperiled Chrysler jobs in the state of Indiana.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mayor_of_South_Bend">Mayor of South Bend</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Mayoralty of Pete Buttigieg">Mayoralty of Pete Buttigieg</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term">First term</h3></div> Buttigieg ran for the Democratic nomination for <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">mayor of South Bend</a> in 2011. In a <a href="/wiki/WNIT_(TV)" title="WNIT (TV)">PBS Michiana – WNIT</a> broadcast, he expressed his desire to reinvigorate South Bend, especially with respect to job creation and education.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> Buttigieg campaigned on other issues, such as pursuing international investment,<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> increasing presence of police and other safety professionals,<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> and improving city services.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> Buttigieg won his primary election against four opponents on May 3, 2011, receiving 7,663 votes.<a href="#cite_note-Sout110504-87">[83]</a> Buttigieg was elected mayor of South Bend in the <a href="/wiki/2011_South_Bend_mayoral_election" title="2011 South Bend mayoral election">November 2011 general election</a> with 10,991 of the 14,883 votes cast, or 74 percent of all votes.<a href="#cite_note-fuller2014-88">[84]</a> He defeated Republican nominee Norris W. Curry Jr. and <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> nominee Patrick M. Farrell.<a href="#cite_note-Sout111109-89">[85]</a> Buttigieg took office in January 2012 at the age of 29, becoming the second-youngest mayor in South Bend history<a href="#cite_note-91">[e]</a> and the youngest incumbent mayor, at the time, of a U.S. city with at least 100,000 residents.<a href="#cite_note-fuller2014-88">[84]</a> After a federal investigation ruled that South Bend police had illegally recorded telephone calls of several officers, Buttigieg demoted police chief Darryl Boykins in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-92">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[f]</a> Buttigieg also dismissed the department's communications director, who had discovered the recordings but continued to record the line at Boykins's command.<a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-92">[87]</a> The police communications director alleged that the recordings captured four senior police officers making racist remarks and discussing illegal acts.<a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-92">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-95">[89]</a> Buttigieg has written that his "first serious mistake as mayor" came shortly after taking office in 2012, when he decided to ask for Boykins's resignation. Backed by supporters and legal counsel, Boykins requested reinstatement. When Buttigieg denied his request, Boykins, as the city's first African American police chief, sued the city for racial discrimination,<a href="#cite_note-96">[90]</a> arguing that the taping policy had existed under previous police chiefs, who were white.<a href="#cite_note-:4-97">[91]</a> Buttigieg settled the lawsuits brought by Boykins and the four officers out of court for over $800,000.<a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-92">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[92]</a> A federal judge ruled in 2015 that Boykins's recordings violated the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Privacy_Act" title="Electronic Communications Privacy Act">Federal Wiretap Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Buckley-95">[89]</a> Buttigieg came under pressure from political opponents to release the eight tapes, but he said that it was not possible to release seven of them, citing the Federal Wiretap Act.<a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-92">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-95">[89]</a> It was unclear if releasing the eighth tape would violate any laws.<a href="#cite_note-Buckley-95">[89]</a> St. Joseph County Superior Court Judge Steve Hostetler heard a case for the release of five cassette tapes.<a href="#cite_note-:4-97">[91]</a> Judge Hostetler ruled that the cassette tapes must be released to the South Bend City Council in May 2021.<a href="#cite_note-99">[93]</a> As mayor, Buttigieg promoted a number of development and redevelopment projects.<a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a> Buttigieg was a leading figure behind the creation of a nightly laser-light display along downtown South Bend's St. Joseph River trail as public art. The project cost $700,000, which was raised from private funds.<a href="#cite_note-Sikich-101">[95]</a> The "River Lights" installation was unveiled in May 2015 as part of the city's 150th anniversary celebrations.<a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-92">[87]</a> He also oversaw the city's launching of a <a href="/wiki/3-1-1" class="mw-redirect" title="3-1-1">3-1-1</a> system in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-102">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-2013budgetproposal-103">[97]</a> Buttigieg's administration oversaw the sale of numerous city-owned properties.<a href="#cite_note-104">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-sellblackthornwndu1-105">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[101]</a> One of Buttigieg's signature programs was the "Vacant and Abandoned Properties Initiative". Known locally as 1,000 Properties in 1,000 Days, it was a project to repair or demolish blighted properties across South Bend.<a href="#cite_note-VAHI-108">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a> The program reached its goal two months before its scheduled end date in November 2015.<a href="#cite_note-110">[104]</a> By the thousandth day of the program, before Buttigieg's first term ended, nearly 40 percent of the targeted houses were repaired, and 679 were demolished or under contract for demolition.<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a> Buttigieg took note of the fact that many homes within communities of color were the ones demolished, leading to early distrust between the city and these communities.<a href="#cite_note-vox-112">[106]</a> While mayor, Buttigieg served for seven months in Afghanistan as a lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">U.S. Navy Reserve</a>, returning to the United States on September 23, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-ReturntoUSA-113">[107]</a> In his absence, Deputy Mayor Mark Neal, South Bend's city <a href="/wiki/Comptroller#United_States" title="Comptroller">comptroller</a>, served as executive from February 2014 until Buttigieg returned to his role as mayor in October 2014.<a href="#cite_note-fuller2014-88">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReturntoUSA-113">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a> In 2015, during the controversy over <a href="/wiki/Religious_Freedom_Restoration_Act_(Indiana)" title="Religious Freedom Restoration Act (Indiana)">Indiana Senate Bill 101</a> – the original version of which was widely criticized for allowing discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people – Buttigieg emerged as a leading opponent of the legislation. Amid his reelection campaign, he <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">came out</a> as <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">gay</a> and expressed his solidarity with the LGBTQ community.<a href="#cite_note-2015gay-115">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term">Second term</h3></div> Buttigieg announced in 2014 that he would seek a second term in <a href="/wiki/2015_South_Bend_mayoral_election" title="2015 South Bend mayoral election">2015</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a> He won the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> primary with approximately 78 percent of the vote, defeating Henry Davis Jr., the city councilman from the second district.<a href="#cite_note-118">[112]</a> In November 2015, he was elected to his second term as mayor with over 80 percent of the vote, defeating Republican Kelly Jones by a margin of 8,515 to 2,074 votes.<a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> After winning reelection, Buttigieg signed an executive order helping to establish a recognized <a href="/wiki/City_identification_card" title="City identification card">city identification card</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> To improve South Bend's downtown area, Buttigieg proposed a Smart Streets urban development program in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-92">[87]</a> In early 2015 – after traffic studies and public hearings – he secured a <a href="/wiki/Bond_issue" class="mw-redirect" title="Bond issue">bond issue</a> for the program backed by <a href="/wiki/Tax_increment_financing" title="Tax increment financing">tax increment financing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Blasko-122">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-ParrottSmart-123">[117]</a> Smart Streets was a <a href="/wiki/Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">complete streets</a> implementation program<a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a> aimed at improving economic development and urban vibrancy as well as road safety.<a href="#cite_note-Vibrant-125">[119]</a> Elements of the project were finished in 2016,<a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-92">[87]</a> and was officially completed in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Vibrant-125">[119]</a> The project was credited with spurring private development in the city.<a href="#cite_note-ParrottSmart-123">[117]</a> In a new phase of the Vacant and Abandoned Properties Initiative, South Bend partnered with the Notre Dame Clinical Law Center to provide free legal assistance to qualifying applicants wishing to acquire vacant lots and, with local nonprofits, to repair or construct homes and provide low-income home ownership assistance using South Bend <a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Urban_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing and Urban Development">Housing and Urban Development</a> funds.<a href="#cite_note-126">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CN_Train,_Former_Studebaker_Factory_(15100168261).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CN_Train%2C_Former_Studebaker_Factory_%2815100168261%29.jpg/220px-CN_Train%2C_Former_Studebaker_Factory_%2815100168261%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CN_Train%2C_Former_Studebaker_Factory_%2815100168261%29.jpg/330px-CN_Train%2C_Former_Studebaker_Factory_%2815100168261%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CN_Train%2C_Former_Studebaker_Factory_%2815100168261%29.jpg/440px-CN_Train%2C_Former_Studebaker_Factory_%2815100168261%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2317" data-file-height="1555" /></a><figcaption>Studebaker Building 84 in 2014</figcaption></figure> The City of South Bend partnered with the State of Indiana and private developers to break ground on a $165 million renovation of the former <a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> complex in 2016, hoping that the redevelopment would facilitate industrial and housing units.<a href="#cite_note-swoon-128">[122]</a> This development is in the Renaissance District, which includes nearby Ignition Park.<a href="#cite_note-howhassoutbendchanged-129">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a> In 2017, it was announced that the long-abandoned Studebaker Building 84, also known as Ivy Tower, would have its exterior renovated with $3.5 million in Regional Cities funds from the State of Indiana and another $3.5 million from South Bend tax increment financing, with plans for the building and other structures in its complex to serve as a technology hub.<a href="#cite_note-131">[125]</a> The website Best Cities later ranked South Bend number 39 on its 2020 list of the 100 best small cities in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, citing Buttigieg's efforts to revitalize the Studebaker factory and Downtown South Bend.<a href="#cite_note-132">[126]</a> Under Buttigieg, the city also began a smart sewer program, the first phase of which was finished in 2017 at a cost of $150 million.<a href="#cite_note-howhassoutbendchanged-129">[123]</a> The effort used federal funds<a href="#cite_note-madecheaper-133">[127]</a> and by 2019 had reduced the combined sewer overflow by 75 percent.<a href="#cite_note-howhassoutbendchanged-129">[123]</a> The impetus for the effort was a fine that the EPA had levied against the city in 2011 for <a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water Act</a> violations.<a href="#cite_note-howhassoutbendchanged-129">[123]</a> In 2019, Buttigieg asked for the city to be released from an agreement with the EPA brokered under his mayoral predecessor Steve Luecke, in which South Bend had agreed to make hundreds of millions of dollars in further improvements to its sewer system by 2031.<a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a> The Common Council approved Buttigieg's request to enable his administration to develop a city climate plan in April 2019; Buttigieg signed a contract with the Chicago firm Delta Institute to help develop it.<a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a> In late November 2019, the city's Common Council voted 7–0 to approve the resultant Carbon Neutral 2050 plan, setting the goal of meeting the Paris Agreement's 26 percent emission reduction by 2025, and aiming for a further reductions of 45 percent by 2035.<a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a> Supporting private development in South Bend was another initiative Buttigieg continued during his second term.<a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-feb272017-140">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> By 2019, the city had seen $374 million in private investment for <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use developments</a> since Buttigieg had taken office, by one estimate.<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sikich-101">[95]</a> By another account, Downtown South Bend saw roughly $200 million in private investment during Buttigieg's tenure.<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20041231_14_NICTD_South_Bend,_IN_(8873027699).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/20041231_14_NICTD_South_Bend%2C_IN_%288873027699%29.jpg/220px-20041231_14_NICTD_South_Bend%2C_IN_%288873027699%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/20041231_14_NICTD_South_Bend%2C_IN_%288873027699%29.jpg/330px-20041231_14_NICTD_South_Bend%2C_IN_%288873027699%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/20041231_14_NICTD_South_Bend%2C_IN_%288873027699%29.jpg/440px-20041231_14_NICTD_South_Bend%2C_IN_%288873027699%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>In 2018, Buttigieg proposed moving the city's <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_Line" title="South Shore Line">South Shore Line</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Airport_station" title="South Bend Airport station">station</a>, from the airport to downtown</figcaption></figure> With respect to infrastructure, Buttigieg promoted <a href="/wiki/Proposed_South_Shore_Line_station_in_South_Bend" title="Proposed South Shore Line station in South Bend">the idea of moving the city's South Shore Line station from South Bend International Airport to the city's downtown</a> in August 2018.<a href="#cite_note-sbtdowntownstation1-144">[138]</a> He made it a goal to have the city complete this project by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-engineeringstudy-145">[139]</a> Also, South Bend launched Commuters Trust, a new <a href="/wiki/Employer_transportation_benefits_in_the_United_States" title="Employer transportation benefits in the United States">transportation benefit program</a> created in collaboration with local employers and transportation providers, including <a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Transpo" title="South Bend Transpo">South Bend Transpo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft">Lyft</a>, in 2019. The program was made possible by a $1 million three-year grant from <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Philanthropies" title="Bloomberg Philanthropies">Bloomberg Philanthropies</a> Mayors Challenge.<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> Furthermore, under Buttigieg, South Bend invested $50 million in the city's parks, many of which had been neglected during the preceding decades.<a href="#cite_note-Sikich-101">[95]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_Rally_20200605064_(49975052738).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Black_Lives_Matter_Rally_20200605064_%2849975052738%29.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter_Rally_20200605064_%2849975052738%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Black_Lives_Matter_Rally_20200605064_%2849975052738%29.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter_Rally_20200605064_%2849975052738%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Black_Lives_Matter_Rally_20200605064_%2849975052738%29.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter_Rally_20200605064_%2849975052738%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption>Protestors marching in response to the death of Eric Logan</figcaption></figure> After a white South Bend police officer shot and killed Eric Logan, an African American man, in June 2019, Buttigieg was drawn from his presidential campaign to focus on the emerging public reaction. Police body cameras were not turned on during Logan's death.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-148">[142]</a> Soon after Logan's death, Buttigieg presided over a town hall meeting attended by disaffected activists from the African American community as well as relatives of the deceased man. The local police union accused Buttigieg of making decisions for political gain.<a href="#cite_note-Gabriel-190624-149">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-Steinhauser-190625-150">[144]</a> Buttigieg secured $180,000 in November 2019 to commission a review of South Bend's police department policies and practices, to be conducted by Chicago-based consulting firm 21CP Solutions.<a href="#cite_note-151">[145]</a> Some African Americans have accused Buttigieg of racism for his response to this and other incidents. Former South Bend councilman Henry Davis Jr. alleged that Buttigieg "perpetuated and tolerated" systemic racism in the city. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Harriot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Harriot (page does not exist)">Michael Harriot</a>, senior writer at <a href="/wiki/The_Root_(magazine)" title="The Root (magazine)">The Root</a>, accused Buttigieg of "racist paternalism" for saying that children of color lack role models that promote the value of education. Many African Americans also point to Buttigieg's firing of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darryl_Boykins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darryl Boykins (page does not exist)">Darryl Boykins</a>, South Bend's first black chief of police. Boykins claimed that Buttigieg used a scandal—involving secret tapes of white police officers making racist comments—as a pretext for firing him.<a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Increased_national_profile">Increased national profile</h4></div> In the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2016 United States Senate election in Indiana">2016 U.S. Senate election in Indiana</a>, he campaigned on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> Senate nominee <a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[149]</a> and criticized Bayh's opponent, <a href="/wiki/Todd_Young" title="Todd Young">Todd Young</a>, for having voiced support in 2010 for retaining the military's <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">don't ask, don't tell</a> policy, which Bayh had <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Ask,_Don%27t_Tell_Repeal_Act_of_2010" title="Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010">voted to repeal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[150]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016 Democratic presidential primaries</a>, Buttigieg endorsed <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[151]</a> He also endorsed Democratic nominee Lynn Coleman in <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana#District_2" title="2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">that year's election</a> for <a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 2nd congressional district">Indiana's 2nd congressional district</a>, which included South Bend.<a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Bruni" title="Frank Bruni">Frank Bruni</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> published a 2016 column praising Buttigieg's work as mayor, with a headline asking if he might be "the first gay president".<a href="#cite_note-FrankBruni-159">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> cited him as one of the Democratic Party's talents in a November 2016 profile on the outgoing president conducted by <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a> As Buttigieg's national profile grew following his run in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election</a>, Buttigieg increased his out-of-city travel.<a href="#cite_note-161">[155]</a> By early 2018, there was speculation that Buttigieg would run for either governor or president in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-jfk1-162">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[157]</a> For the <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_elections" title="2018 United States elections">2018 midterms</a>, Buttigieg founded the political action committee (PAC) <a href="/wiki/Hitting_Home_PAC" title="Hitting Home PAC">Hitting Home PAC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a> That October, Buttigieg personally endorsed 21 congressional candidates.<a href="#cite_note-indianapolismonthlynovember2018-165">[159]</a> He also later endorsed Mel Hall, Democratic nominee in <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana#District_2" title="2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">the 2018 election</a> for Indiana's 2nd congressional district.<a href="#cite_note-166">[160]</a> Buttigieg campaigned for Joe Donnelly's reelection campaign in the <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2018 United States Senate election in Indiana">United States Senate election in Indiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[161]</a> Buttigieg campaigned for candidates in more than a dozen states, including early presidential primary states such as <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, a move indicating potential interest in running for president.<a href="#cite_note-indianapolismonthlynovember2018-165">[159]</a> He officially announced his run on January 23, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-168">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Succession_as_mayor">Succession as mayor</h4></div> Buttigieg announced that he would not seek a third term as mayor of South Bend in December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-169">[163]</a> Buttigieg endorsed <a href="/wiki/James_Mueller_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mueller (mayor)">James Mueller</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2019_South_Bend_mayoral_election" title="2019 South Bend mayoral election">2019 South Bend mayoral election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sbt1-170">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> Mueller was a high-school classmate of Buttigieg's and his mayoral chief of staff, and later executive director of the South Bend Department of Community Investment.<a href="#cite_note-sbt1-170">[164]</a> Mueller's campaign promised to continue the progress that had been made under Buttigieg's mayoralty.<a href="#cite_note-abc57a-172">[166]</a> Buttigieg appeared in campaign advertisements for Mueller and donated to Mueller's campaign.<a href="#cite_note-173">[167]</a> Mueller won the May 2019 <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> primary with 37 percent of the vote in a crowded field.<a href="#cite_note-174">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-sbt1-170">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[169]</a> In the November 2019 general election, Mueller defeated Republican nominee Sean M. Haas with 63 percent of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-176">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[171]</a> Mueller took office on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> 2020.<a href="#cite_note-NYTsuccessor-17">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="DNC_chairmanship_campaign">DNC chairmanship campaign</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DNC_Winter_Meet_0063_%27Pick_Pete%27_Buttigieg_(33134449016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/DNC_Winter_Meet_0063_%27Pick_Pete%27_Buttigieg_%2833134449016%29.jpg/220px-DNC_Winter_Meet_0063_%27Pick_Pete%27_Buttigieg_%2833134449016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/DNC_Winter_Meet_0063_%27Pick_Pete%27_Buttigieg_%2833134449016%29.jpg/330px-DNC_Winter_Meet_0063_%27Pick_Pete%27_Buttigieg_%2833134449016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/DNC_Winter_Meet_0063_%27Pick_Pete%27_Buttigieg_%2833134449016%29.jpg/440px-DNC_Winter_Meet_0063_%27Pick_Pete%27_Buttigieg_%2833134449016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg campaigning for DNC chairman in 2017</figcaption></figure> In January 2017, Buttigieg announced his candidacy for chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> (DNC) in its 2017 chairmanship election.<a href="#cite_note-178">[172]</a> He built a national profile as an emerging <a href="/wiki/Dark_horse" title="Dark horse">dark horse</a> in the race for the chairmanship with the backing of former DNC chairman <a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Howard Dean</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> governor <a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a>, Indiana senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Donnelly" title="Joe Donnelly">Joe Donnelly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a> senator <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Heitkamp" title="Heidi Heitkamp">Heidi Heitkamp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Seitz-Wald-179">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fritze-180">[174]</a> Buttigieg campaigned on the need for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> to empower its <a href="/wiki/Millennials" title="Millennials">millennial</a> members.<a href="#cite_note-Seitz-Wald-179">[173]</a> Buttigieg pledged to resign as mayor if elected DNC chair.<a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">U.S. Secretary of Labor</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Tom Perez</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Ellison" title="Keith Ellison">Keith Ellison</a> quickly emerged as the favored candidates of a majority of DNC members. Buttigieg withdrew from the race on the day of the election without endorsing a candidate, and Perez was elected chairman after two rounds of voting.<a href="#cite_note-Seitz-Wald-179">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020_presidential_campaign">2020 presidential campaign</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Progressivism" title="Category:Progressivism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Purple" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/75px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/113px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/150px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">Anti-nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">BLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_for_the_Common_Good" title="Economy for the Common Good">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_movement" title="Ethical movement">Ethical movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indivisible_movement" title="Indivisible movement">Indivisible movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Conservatism">Progressive Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Progressive Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">Social hygiene</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Resistance_(American_political_movement)" title="The Resistance (American political movement)">The Resistance</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloward%E2%80%93Piven_strategy" title="Cloward–Piven strategy">Cloward–Piven strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_measures_of_economic_progress" title="Broad measures of economic progress">Broad measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">Economic growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inward_light" title="Inward light">Inward light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_universalism" title="Moral universalism">Moral universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of progress">Philosophy of progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education_in_Latin_America#Educational_progressivism" title="Inclusive education in Latin America">In Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_stack" title="Progressive stack">Progressive stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Progressive nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization" title="Social organization">Social organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">Social progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">List of countries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific progress">Scientific progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructivism" title="Social constructivism">Social constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_essentialism" title="Strategic essentialism">Strategic essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">Reparations for slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Reparations for slavery in the United States">In the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity Unionism">Solidarity unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_childlessness" title="Voluntary childlessness">Voluntary childlessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott (Edith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Abbott" title="Grace Abbott">Abbott (Grace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Ahmed_(strategist)" title="Imran Ahmed (strategist)">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Alinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Alexander" title="Michelle Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajamu_X" title="Ajamu X">Ajamu X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Archer" title="Deborah Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Belmont" title="Alva Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brinton" title="Sam Brinton">Brinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campbell,_Baroness_Campbell_of_Surbiton" title="Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton">Cambell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cloward" title="Richard Cloward">Cloward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Dees" title="Morris Dees">Dees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haben_Girma" title="Haben Girma">Girma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana_Hassan" title="Tirana Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Heumann" title="Judith Heumann">Heumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Huang" title="Margaret Huang">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">Jackson (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Cooper_Jackson" title="Esther Cooper Jackson">Jackson (Esther)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jenkins" title="Andrea Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetta_Kahane" title="Anetta Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">King (Shaun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ludmer" title="Maurice Ludmer">Ludmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Mahogany" title="Honey Mahogany">Mahogany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_McBride" title="Sarah McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Page#Activism" title="Elliot Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rothblatt" title="Gabriel Rothblatt">Rothblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Seligmann" title="Herbert J. Seligmann">Seligmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Smeeth" title="Ruth Smeeth">Smeeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Soros (Alexander)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">Soros (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha_Walia" title="Harsha Walia">Walia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Windsor#Activism" title="Edith Windsor">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong_(activist)" title="Alice Wong (activist)">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imani_Barbarin" title="Imani Barbarin">Barbarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Conover" title="Adam Conover">Conover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Criado_Perez" title="Caroline Criado Perez">Criado Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Kate_Dale" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauren Kate Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcy_Darnovsky" title="Marcy Darnovsky">Darnovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Dearden" title="Lizzie Dearden">Dearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Duberman" title="Martin Duberman">Duberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau_(speechwriter)" title="Jon Favreau (speechwriter)">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Fiorentini" title="Francesca Fiorentini">Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Glaude" title="Eddie Glaude">Glaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Hartmann" title="Thom Hartmann">Hartmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medhi_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Medhi Hasan">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karine_Jean-Pierre#MoveOn_and_political_commentary" title="Karine Jean-Pierre">Jean-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Jennings" title="Jazz Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Kasparian" title="Ana Kasparian">Kasparian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Klein" title="Ezra Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Klippenstein" title="Ken Klippenstein">Klippenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Kulinski" title="Kyle Kulinski">Kulinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Levy_(writer)" title="Ariel Levy (writer)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lovett" title="Jon Lovett">Lovett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Marsh" title="Jeffrey Marsh">Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Miller" title="Stephanie Miller">Miller (Stephanie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Monroe" title="Jack Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Okrent" title="Daniel Okrent">Okrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn" title="Zoë Quinn">Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Rather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Reich (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Reid" title="Joy Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Seder" title="Sam Seder">Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simpson_(journalist)" title="Mark Simpson (journalist)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keffals" title="Keffals">Sorrenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" title="David Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vietor" title="Tommy Vietor">Vietor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Uygur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Wise" title="Tim Wise">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_L._Allen" title="Anita L. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Anderson" title="Carol Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha_Benjamin" title="Ruha Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liat_Ben-Moshe" title="Liat Ben-Moshe">Ben-Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Black" title="Edwin Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Bornstein" title="Kate Bornstein">Bornstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Brand" title="Adolf Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drucilla_Cornell" title="Drucilla Cornell">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Brown_Douglas" title="Kelly Brown Douglas">Douglas (Kelly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">Fredrickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelynn_M._Hammonds" title="Evelynn M. Hammonds">Hammonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_E._Helms" title="Janet E. Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibram_X._Kendi" title="Ibram X. Kendi">Kendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Meyers" title="Robin Meyers">Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Money" title="John Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Oastler#Political_philosophy" title="Richard Oastler">Oastler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Ostrowski" title="Marius Ostrowski">Ostrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Irvin_Painter" title="Nell Irvin Painter">Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Patterson" title="Orlando Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Peled-Elhanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Reich (Wilhelm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Roberts" title="Dorothy Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rothstein" title="Richard Rothstein">Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Saini" title="Angela Saini">Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Stein" title="Abby Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_TallBear" title="Kim TallBear">TallBear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Welsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Wilderson_III" title="Frank B. Wilderson III">Wilderson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff" title="Shoshana Zuboff">Zuboff</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Breed" title="London Breed">Breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Casar" title="Greg Casar">Casar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Finke" title="Leigh Finke">Finke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Hessel" title="Stéphane Hessel">Hessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Jayapal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Lee" title="Summer Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Frost" title="Maxwell Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_McBride" title="Sarah McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Merkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Murphy" title="Emily Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Obrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilhan_Omar" title="Ilhan Omar">Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pocan" title="Mark Pocan">Pocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Raskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Eleanor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_Ware" title="Butch Ware">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Watson_Coleman" title="Bonnie Watson Coleman">Watson Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson (Harold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_Yamamoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Yamamoto">Yamamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky" title="Grigory Yavlinsky">Yavlinsky</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Superman" title="Man and Superman">Man and Superman</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Conspiracy" title="The Open Conspiracy">The Open Conspiracy</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism" title="The Mass Psychology of Fascism">The Mass Psychology of Fascism</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Sexualit%C3%A4t_im_Kulturkampf" title="Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf">Sexuality in the Cultural Struggle</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Report" title="Beveridge Report">Beveridge Report</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rules_for_Radicals" title="Rules for Radicals">Rules for Radicals</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Manifesto_II" title="Humanist Manifesto II">Humanist Manifesto II</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Hating" title="Woman Hating">Woman Hating</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Athena" title="Black Athena">Black Athena</a> (1987–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Racial_Contract" title="The Racial Contract">The Racial Contract</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Against_the_Weak" title="War Against the Weak">War Against the Weak</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People" title="The Invention of the Jewish People">The Invention of the Jewish People</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Jim_Crow" title="The New Jim Crow">The New Jim Crow</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sanders_book)" title="The Speech (Sanders book)">The Speech</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution_(Sanders_book)" title="Our Revolution (Sanders book)">Our Revolution</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rage" title="White Rage">White Rage</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_of_Law" title="The Color of Law">The Color of Law</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_(book)" title="Inferior (book)">Inferior</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg#Not_All_Dead_White_Men" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Not All Dead White Men</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Women:_Exposing_Data_Bias_in_a_World_Designed_for_Men" title="Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men">Invisible Women</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Be_an_Antiracist" title="How to Be an Antiracist">How to Be an Antiracist</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_After_Technology" title="Race After Technology">Race After Technology</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior:_The_Return_of_Race_Science" title="Superior: The Return of Race Science">Superior</a> (2019)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeu_Antonio_Foundation" title="Amadeu Antonio Foundation">Amadeu Antonio Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sexual_Health_Association" title="American Sexual Health Association">ASHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">BLMGNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Genetics_and_Society" title="Center for Genetics and Society">CGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennan_Center_for_Justice" title="Brennan Center for Justice">Brennan Center for Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Alliance" title="Democracy Alliance">Democracy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Ella Baker Center for Human Rights">Ella Baker Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Network_Against_Racism" title="European Network Against Racism">ENAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Coefficients_(dining_club)" title="Coefficients (dining club)">Coefficients</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Immigration_Reform_Movement" title="Fair Immigration Reform Movement">FIRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_not_Hate" title="Hope not Hate">Hope not Hate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lesbian,_Gay,_Bisexual,_Trans_and_Intersex_Association" title="International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association">ILGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_Against_Racism" title="International Committee Against Racism">InCAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">IPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_one_is_illegal" title="No one is illegal">No one is illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Welfare_Rights_Organization" title="National Welfare Rights Organization">NWRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(2006_organization)" title="Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)">New SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">OSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution" title="Our Revolution">Our Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way" title="People for the American Way">PFAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">PA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">PI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_League" title="Progressive League">Progressive League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Majority" title="Progressive Majority">Progressive Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProgressNow" title="ProgressNow">ProgressNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Flare" title="Red Flare">Red Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">RWJF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_for_the_People" title="Science for the People">SftP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tides_Foundation" title="Tides Foundation">Tides Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crooked_Media" title="Crooked Media">Crooked Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTXT" title="CTXT">CTXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel_(website)" title="Jezebel (website)">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_the_Lightbearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucifer the Lightbearer">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg/220px-PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg/330px-PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg/440px-PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4982" data-file-height="3321" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg announcing his <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">candidacy for president in 2020</a> on April 14, 2019</figcaption></figure> On January 23, 2019, Buttigieg announced that he was forming an exploratory committee to run for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> in the upcoming <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNNExploratory-182">[176]</a> Buttigieg sought the Democratic Party nomination for president.<a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-184">[178]</a> If he had been elected, he would have been the youngest and first openly gay American president.<a href="#cite_note-CNNExploratory-182">[176]</a> Amid the start of Buttigieg's presidential effort, on February 12, 2019, he published his debut book, <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a> <a href="/wiki/Shortest_Way_Home" title="Shortest Way Home">Shortest Way Home</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[179]</a> Two months later, Buttigieg officially launched his campaign on April 14, 2019, in South Bend.<a href="#cite_note-186">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNNPeteAnnounce-187">[181]</a> Buttigieg described himself as a <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> and a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">democratic capitalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beauchamp-188">[182]</a> Historian David Mislin identifies Buttigieg as a pragmatic progressive in the tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a> movement once strong in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[183]</a> Buttigieg identifies <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_capture" title="Regulatory capture">regulatory capture</a> as a significant problem in American society.<a href="#cite_note-Beauchamp-188">[182]</a> Initially regarded as a long-shot candidate,<a href="#cite_note-190">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a> Buttigieg rose into the top-tier of candidates in the primary by December 2019.<a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a> In early February 2020, Buttigieg led the <a href="/wiki/2020_Iowa_Democratic_caucuses" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses">2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses</a> results with 26.2 percent to <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>' 26.1 percent, winning 14 delegates to Sanders's 12.<a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a> The <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_Victory_Fund" title="LGBTQ Victory Fund">LGBTQ Victory Fund</a>, Buttigieg's first national endorsement,<a href="#cite_note-196">[g]</a> noted the historical first of an openly gay candidate winning a state presidential primary.<a href="#cite_note-197">[190]</a> Buttigieg finished second behind Sanders in the <a href="/wiki/2020_New_Hampshire_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 New Hampshire Democratic primary">New Hampshire primary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsen-7">[5]</a> After placing fourth in the <a href="/wiki/2020_South_Carolina_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 South Carolina Democratic primary">South Carolina primary</a> with 8.2 percent of the vote, behind <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (48.7 percent), Bernie Sanders (19.8 percent), and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Steyer" title="Tom Steyer">Tom Steyer</a> (11.3 percent), Buttigieg dropped out of the race on March 1, 2020, and endorsed Biden.<a href="#cite_note-epstein-198">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-BidenEndorse-199">[192]</a> A 2023 study by <a href="/wiki/Political_scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scientists">political scientists</a> from <a href="/wiki/Loyola_Marymount_University" title="Loyola Marymount University">Loyola Marymount University</a> reported how different aspects of Buttigieg's biography affected voters' views on his electability as a US President. The authors concluded, that "His military background... successfully countered voter discrimination, suggesting that some gay candidates may close the gap once voters learn more about their story."<a href="#cite_note-200">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-presidential_campaign">Post-presidential campaign</h3></div> In April 2020, Buttigieg launched Win The Era PAC, a new <a href="/wiki/Super-PAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Super-PAC">super PAC</a> to raise money and distribute it to down-ballot Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-201">[194]</a> The PAC focused on local elected positions, and its list of endorsements included candidates such as <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Jaime Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cal_Cunningham" title="Cal Cunningham">Cal Cunningham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gina_Ortiz_Jones" title="Gina Ortiz Jones">Gina Ortiz Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Hunschofsky" title="Christine Hunschofsky">Christine Hunschofsky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Levar_Stoney" title="Levar Stoney">Levar Stoney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-moreno-202">[195]</a> On June 8, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a> announced that it had hired Buttigieg as a teacher and researcher for the 2020–21 academic year.<a href="#cite_note-203">[196]</a> Also, in October 2020, Buttigieg released his second book, <a href="/wiki/Trust:_America%27s_Best_Chance" title="Trust: America's Best Chance">Trust: America's Best Chance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AP-204">[197]</a> Buttigieg acted as a surrogate for Biden's campaign in the general election.<a href="#cite_note-205">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[199]</a> He delivered a speech on the closing night of the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 Democratic National Convention</a>,<a href="#cite_note-207">[200]</a> and also announced Indiana's votes during the convention's roll call.<a href="#cite_note-208">[201]</a> On September 5, 2020, Buttigieg was announced to be a member of the advisory council of the Biden-Harris Transition Team, which was planning the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">presidential transition of Joe Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[203]</a> Ahead of <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#Vice_presidential_debate_(University_of_Utah)" title="2020 United States presidential debates">the vice presidential debate</a>, Buttigieg played the role as a stand-in for Republican vice president <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> to prepare vice presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>. Buttigieg was selected to perform this role because of his experience working with Pence during their simultaneous tenures as mayor of South Bend and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">governor of Indiana</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-211">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harris_swears_in_Buttigieg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Harris_swears_in_Buttigieg.jpg/220px-Harris_swears_in_Buttigieg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Harris_swears_in_Buttigieg.jpg/330px-Harris_swears_in_Buttigieg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Harris_swears_in_Buttigieg.jpg/440px-Harris_swears_in_Buttigieg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1687" /></a><figcaption>Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> swears in Buttigieg as Transportation secretary on February 3, 2021</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomination_and_confirmation">Nomination and confirmation</h3></div> Following the end of his presidential campaign, Buttigieg was considered a possible Cabinet appointee in Joe Biden's administration.<a href="#cite_note-212">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[206]</a> After Biden was declared the winner of the election on November 7, 2020, Buttigieg was again mentioned as a possible nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="US Ambassador to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_Ambassador_to_China" class="mw-redirect" title="US Ambassador to China">Ambassador to China</a> or <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[207]</a> On December 15, 2020, Biden announced that he would nominate Buttigieg as his Secretary of Transportation.<a href="#cite_note-215">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[210]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Senate_Commerce_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Commerce Committee">Senate Commerce Committee</a> advanced Buttigieg's nomination to the full Senate with a vote of 21–3.<a href="#cite_note-218">[211]</a> Buttigieg was confirmed on February 2, 2021, with a vote of 86–13,<a href="#cite_note-219">[212]</a> and was sworn in the next morning.<a href="#cite_note-220">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_as_secretary">Work as secretary</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_Union_Station_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_Union_Station_%281%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_Union_Station_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_Union_Station_%281%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_Union_Station_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_Union_Station_%281%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_Union_Station_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg visits <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington Union Station</a> on his first full day as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></figcaption></figure> As Secretary of Transportation, Buttigieg has worked on re-organizing the department's internal policy structure, including carrying out a thorough review process of rules enacted under the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[215]</a> For example, Buttigieg reinstated an <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>-era pilot program which ensures local hiring for <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">public works</a> projects on May 19, 2021, with the goal of helping minorities and disadvantaged individuals. This program had been revoked in 2017 during the Trump administration, when the Department of Transportation returned to rules established during the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> administration, which banned geographic-based hiring preferences.<a href="#cite_note-223">[216]</a> Buttigieg addressed the African American Mayors Association in late February 2021 to discuss systemic racism. He argued that misguided investments in the federal transport and infrastructure policy had contributed to racial inequity.<a href="#cite_note-224">[217]</a> In early March 2021, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> noted that Buttigieg had mentioned <a href="/wiki/Racial_equality" title="Racial equality">racial equity</a> in almost every interview he gave to the press as it related to his work at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[218]</a> In late June 2022, Buttigieg launched a $1 billion Reconnecting Communities pilot program to establish racial equity in roads.<a href="#cite_note-226">[219]</a> Using money from the <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a>, the program aims to reconnect cities and neighborhoods divided by roads through projects such as rapid bus lines, pedestrian walkways, and planning studies.<a href="#cite_note-227">[220]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_hugging_Barack_Obama_at_the_COP26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pete_Buttigieg_hugging_Barack_Obama_at_the_COP26.jpg/220px-Pete_Buttigieg_hugging_Barack_Obama_at_the_COP26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pete_Buttigieg_hugging_Barack_Obama_at_the_COP26.jpg/330px-Pete_Buttigieg_hugging_Barack_Obama_at_the_COP26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pete_Buttigieg_hugging_Barack_Obama_at_the_COP26.jpg/440px-Pete_Buttigieg_hugging_Barack_Obama_at_the_COP26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1509" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP26 climate summit</a> in Glasgow on November 9, 2021</figcaption></figure>After the 2021 birth of his twins, Buttigieg took a <a href="/wiki/Parental_leave" title="Parental leave">parental leave</a>. This became a point of prominent criticism and ridicule from conservative and Republican figures. Some political analysts have noted <a href="/wiki/Homophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homophobic">homophobic</a> tones to the attacks on Buttigieg's decision to take a parental leave.<a href="#cite_note-228">[221]</a> After conservatives criticized him for taking a paternity leave, Buttigieg declared that he would not apologize for "taking care of my premature newborn infant twins. The work that we are doing is joyful, fulfilling, wonderful work."<a href="#cite_note-Kindelan-229">[222]</a> According to his department, Buttigieg had been on paid leave since mid-August 2021, where for a month he was "mostly offline except for major agency decisions and matters that could not be delegated", and he "has been ramping up activities since then", making many media appearances in early October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-230">[223]</a> The White House had approved Buttigieg's leave.<a href="#cite_note-Kindelan-229">[222]</a> After passage of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Insider</a> called Buttigieg "the most powerful transportation secretary ever", as the department now has $210 billion of discretionary grants to award.<a href="#cite_note-231">[224]</a> President Biden named him to the White House Competition Council, which coordinated policies to promote economic competition.<a href="#cite_note-:1-232">[225]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_East_Palestine,_Ohio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_East_Palestine%2C_Ohio_%281%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_East_Palestine%2C_Ohio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_East_Palestine%2C_Ohio_%281%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_East_Palestine%2C_Ohio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_East_Palestine%2C_Ohio_%281%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Buttigieg_visits_East_Palestine%2C_Ohio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg in <a href="/wiki/East_Palestine,_Ohio" title="East Palestine, Ohio">East Palestine, Ohio</a> on February 23, 2023</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aviation">Aviation</h4></div> After serious issues that had occurred in United States passenger aviation in 2022 such as <a href="/wiki/2022_Southwest_Airlines_scheduling_crisis" title="2022 Southwest Airlines scheduling crisis">Southwest Airlines' holiday meltdown</a>, Buttigieg faced criticism for not taking enough action to penalize negligent airlines.<a href="#cite_note-233">[226]</a> Buttigieg subsequently directed the Department of Transportation to address monopolization and consumer rights in the industry.<a href="#cite_note-:1-232">[225]</a> President Biden and Secretary Buttigieg launched flightrights.gov, an airline customer service dashboard that informs airline customers of the compensation they are entitled to after flight cancellations or delays.<a href="#cite_note-advocate.com-234">[227]</a> He also created a chief competition officer position in the department. In March 2023, Buttigieg opposed the proposed merger of <a href="/wiki/Spirit_Airlines" title="Spirit Airlines">Spirit Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frontier_Airlines" title="Frontier Airlines">Frontier Airlines</a> as anticompetitive.<a href="#cite_note-:1-232">[225]</a> In December 2023, the Department of Transportation imposed a record fine of $140 million on <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Airlines" title="Southwest Airlines">Southwest Airlines</a> for mass violations of <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protection laws</a> in 2022 when the company cancelled flights and left more than 2 million passengers stranded.<a href="#cite_note-235">[228]</a> On October 30, 2024, Buttigieg announced that a rule had taken effect requiring airlines to automatically provide refunds to passengers whose flights are canceled and do not accept another flight, as well as if paid services are not provided.<a href="#cite_note-236">[229]</a> Buttigieg supports The Junk Fee Prevention Act. If enacted on the federal level it would lower fees relating to spending money on some forms of entertainment, hotel rooms, airport related services, and travel.<a href="#cite_note-advocate.com-234">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h4></div> Buttigieg informed Congress in late March 2021 that the Biden administration was planning to prioritize the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Program_(Northeast_Corridor)" title="Gateway Program (Northeast Corridor)">Gateway Rail Tunnel Project</a> due to its economic significance.<a href="#cite_note-237">[230]</a> The progress of the project, which was stalled by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">President Trump</a>,<a href="#cite_note-238">[231]</a> was said to be moving faster, according to Senate Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a>. Buttigieg announced the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment" title="Environmental impact assessment">environmental impact assessment</a> of the project—which was largely seen as a sign of major progress on the project.<a href="#cite_note-239">[232]</a> Also, Buttigieg has served as a promoter of the <a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="American Jobs Plan">American Jobs Plan</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[233]</a> and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.<a href="#cite_note-241">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_actions">Other actions</h4></div> Early into his tenure, Buttigieg noted that the United States's actions surrounding <a href="/wiki/Road_traffic_safety" title="Road traffic safety">road traffic safety</a> is lacking and suggested improving the design of roads. Also, while acknowledging how the United States fell behind other <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed countries</a> with respect to bicycle and pedestrian safety, Buttigieg encouraged greater focus on human behavior in infrastructure policy.<a href="#cite_note-242">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[236]</a> Likewise, in March 2021, Buttigieg indicated he was open to <a href="/wiki/Toll_(fee)" title="Toll (fee)">tolls</a> on <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80" title="Interstate 80">Interstate 80</a>, but not the tollage of bridges, suggesting "big picture solutions" instead, like <a href="/wiki/Road_pricing" title="Road pricing">a mileage tax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[238]</a> However, the Biden administration did not include a gas tax or mileage tax in the <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrastructure policy of the Joe Biden administration">infrastructure plan</a> it released that month.<a href="#cite_note-246">[239]</a> In June 2021, the White House created a task force to address supply chain disruptions, with Buttigieg as one of its leaders.<a href="#cite_note-247">[240]</a> By October 2021, global supply bottlenecks had resulted in record shortages of household goods for American consumers. Buttigieg cited high demand and the pandemic as some of the causes for the disruptions, while predicting that the disruptions would "continue into next year".<a href="#cite_note-248">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/2023_Ohio_train_derailment" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Ohio train derailment">On February 3, 2023</a>, a freight train carrying <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_chloride" title="Vinyl chloride">vinyl chloride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butyl_acrylate" title="Butyl acrylate">butyl acrylate</a>, <a href="/wiki/2-Ethylhexyl_acrylate" title="2-Ethylhexyl acrylate">ethylhexyl acrylate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol_monobutyl_ether" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether">ethylene glycol monobutyl ether</a> derailed along the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway" title="Norfolk Southern Railway">Norfolk Southern Railway</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Palestine,_Ohio" title="East Palestine, Ohio">East Palestine, Ohio</a>. Emergency crews conducted a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_burn" title="Controlled burn">controlled burn</a> of the spill at the request of state officials, which released <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">hydrogen chloride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phosgene" title="Phosgene">phosgene</a> into the air. As a result, residents within a 1 mi (1.6 km) radius were evacuated. Buttigieg <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">tweeted</a> on February 13 the Department would "use all relevant authorities to ensure accountability and continue to support safety."<a href="#cite_note-250">[243]</a> On February 23, 2023, <a href="/wiki/NTSB" class="mw-redirect" title="NTSB">NTSB</a> released a preliminary report stating that the wheel bearings overheated, with temperatures as high as 253 °F (141 °C) above the ambient temperature.<a href="#cite_note-251">[244]</a> In the weeks following the derailment, the Transportation Department, under Buttigieg, did not move to reinstate the 2015 rail safety rule aimed at expanding the use of better braking technology, which the Trump administration had revoked. Buttigieg's Transportation Department was contemplating stripping down brake safety rules even further.<a href="#cite_note-252">[245]</a> Buttigieg has faced some criticism from figures on different ends of the political spectrum for his response to the derailment, receiving criticism from Democrats such as <a href="/wiki/Nina_Turner" title="Nina Turner">Nina Turner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilhan_Omar" title="Ilhan Omar">Ilhan Omar</a> and Republicans such as <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Paulina_Luna" title="Anna Paulina Luna">Anna Paulina Luna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[246]</a> Former president Donald Trump also criticized Buttigieg for not having yet visited the site while conducting a visit of his own.<a href="#cite_note-254">[247]</a> In March 2023, Buttigieg appeared on CNN, telling the cable news network that he had failed to anticipate the fallout from the derailment and erred in not visiting East Palestine sooner.<a href="#cite_note-255">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Political positions of Pete Buttigieg">Political positions of Pete Buttigieg</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure_2">Infrastructure</h3></div> During his 2020 campaign for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nomination, Buttigieg proposed spending $1 trillion on U.S. infrastructure projects over the next ten years, estimating that the plan would create at least six million jobs. The plan focused on <a href="/wiki/Green_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Green energy">green energy</a>, protecting tap water from lead, fixing roads and bridges, improving public transportation, repairing schools, guaranteeing broadband internet access, and preparing communities for floods and other natural disasters.<a href="#cite_note-257">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h3></div> Buttigieg supports <a href="/wiki/Abortion_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion rights">abortion rights</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-260">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[254]</a> and the repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Amendment" title="Hyde Amendment">Hyde Amendment</a>, which blocks federal funding for abortion services except in cases of rape, incest, or the life of the mother is in danger.<a href="#cite_note-262">[255]</a> He favors amending civil rights legislation, including the <a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_(United_States)" title="Equality Act (United States)">Federal Equality Act</a>, so that LGBT Americans receive federal non-discrimination protections.<a href="#cite_note-263">[256]</a> Buttigieg supports expanding opportunities for <a href="/wiki/National_service_in_the_United_States" title="National service in the United States">national service</a>, including a voluntary year of national service for those turning 18 years old.<a href="#cite_note-:0-264">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[259]</a> In July 2019, Buttigieg shared his "Douglass Plan", named after <a href="/wiki/Abolitionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionist">abolitionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>, to address systemic racism in America.<a href="#cite_note-:2-267">[260]</a> The initiative would allocate $10 billion to <a href="/wiki/African-American_entrepreneurship" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American entrepreneurship">African American entrepreneurship</a> over five years, grant $25 billion to <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black colleges">historically black colleges</a>, legalize marijuana, expunge drug convictions, halve the federal prison population, and propose a federal New Voting Rights Act designed to increase voting access.<a href="#cite_note-268">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-267">[260]</a> Buttigieg supports abolishing the death penalty,<a href="#cite_note-Steinhauser-190404-269">[262]</a> moving toward reversing criminal sentences for minor drug-related offenses,<a href="#cite_note-Higgins-190404-270">[263]</a> and eliminating incarceration for drug possession offenses.<a href="#cite_note-271">[264]</a> In 2019, Buttigieg called for the United States to decriminalize mental illness and addiction via initiatives such as <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_reentry" title="Prisoner reentry">re-entry</a> programs.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-272">[265]</a> Also, he aspired to decrease incarceration rates because of mental illnesses or substance use by 75 percent during his first term as President of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-273">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-272">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voting_rights">Voting rights</h3></div> Buttigieg favors the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-274">[267]</a> and has also called for <a href="/wiki/Felony_disenfranchisement_in_the_United_States" title="Felony disenfranchisement in the United States">restoring voting rights to felons</a> who have completed their prison sentences.<a href="#cite_note-Higgins-190404-270">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[268]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_finance_reform">Campaign finance reform</h3></div> Buttigieg supports a <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_amendment" title="Campaign finance reform amendment">constitutional amendment on campaign finance</a> to reduce the undue influence of money in politics.<a href="#cite_note-Turner-190320-276">[269]</a> During his 2020 presidential run, in response to accusation of campaign finance concerns, Buttigieg's campaign told <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> that he did not accept contributions from individuals and organizations such as corporate <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsweek.com-277">[270]</a> In addition, Buttigieg's campaign emphasized that Buttigieg had included critical campaign finance reforms as part of his campaign platform, including pushing to overturn <a href="/wiki/Citizens_United_v._FEC" title="Citizens United v. FEC">Citizens United</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buckley_v._Valeo" title="Buckley v. Valeo">Buckley v. Valeo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsweek.com-277">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statehood_advocacy">Statehood advocacy</h3></div> Buttigieg supports <a href="/wiki/Statehood_movement_in_the_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Statehood movement in the District of Columbia">statehood for the District of Columbia</a>, and said that he would support <a href="/wiki/Statehood_movement_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Statehood movement in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico statehood</a> if desired by the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-274">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_(48891405907).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg/220px-Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg/330px-Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg/440px-Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5263" data-file-height="3509" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg at a town hall meeting in <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines" class="mw-redirect" title="Des Moines">Des Moines</a> on October 12, 2019, with supporters holding signs saying "Climate is a Crisis"</figcaption></figure> During his campaign for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> presidential nomination, Buttigieg stated that, if elected, he would restore the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>' commitment to the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Climate_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Climate Agreement">Paris Climate Agreement</a> and double its pledge to the <a href="/wiki/Green_Climate_Fund" title="Green Climate Fund">Green Climate Fund</a>. He also supports the <a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a> proposed by House Democrats,<a href="#cite_note-Janes-190316-278">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[272]</a> <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panel</a> subsidies, and a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fee_and_dividend" title="Carbon fee and dividend">carbon tax and dividend</a> policy to reduce <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_beliefs">Economic beliefs</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_(48646620607).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg/220px-Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg/330px-Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg/440px-Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="3697" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg speaking at the 2019 Iowa Federation of Labor Convention</figcaption></figure> Buttigieg identifies as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">democratic capitalist</a> and has decried <a href="/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism">crony capitalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pbdemcapitalist-282">[275]</a> He has entertained the possibility of antitrust actions against large technology companies on the basis of privacy and data security concerns.<a href="#cite_note-Lizza-190302-283">[276]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> primary, he supported deficit and debt reduction, arguing that large debt makes it harder to invest in infrastructure, health and safety.<a href="#cite_note-284">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Workers'_rights">Workers' rights</h3></div> In July 2019, he released a plan to strengthen union bargaining power, to raise the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">minimum wage</a> to $15, and to offer national paid family leave.<a href="#cite_note-285">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_2">Education</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_(49405503067).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pete_Buttigieg_%2849405503067%29.jpg/220px-Pete_Buttigieg_%2849405503067%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pete_Buttigieg_%2849405503067%29.jpg/330px-Pete_Buttigieg_%2849405503067%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pete_Buttigieg_%2849405503067%29.jpg/440px-Pete_Buttigieg_%2849405503067%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg speaking to the Iowa State Education Association in 2020</figcaption></figure> Buttigieg's education plan includes a $700 billion investment in universal full-day child care and pre-kindergarten for all children from infancy to age five.<a href="#cite_note-mainsiteedu-286">[279]</a> Buttigieg has also proposed tripling <a href="/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act#Title_I" title="Elementary and Secondary Education Act">Title I</a> funding for schools serving students predominately from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.<a href="#cite_note-287">[280]</a> Other goals include doubling the amount of new teachers of color in the next 10 years, addressing school segregation with a $500 million fund, paying teachers more, expanding mental health services in schools, and creating more after-school programs and summer learning opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-mainsiteedu-286">[279]</a> His plan for debt-free college has called for expanding Pell Grants for low-income students, as well as other investments and reversing Trump's tax cuts for the wealthy.<a href="#cite_note-288">[281]</a> Under Buttigieg's college plan, the bottom 80 percent of students with respect to income would have received free education, while the top 20 percent would have paid for at least some portion of their tuition.<a href="#cite_note-289">[282]</a> Buttigieg has opposed free college tuition for all students because he has believed universally free tuition unfairly subsidizes higher-income families at the expense of lower-income individuals who do not attend college.<a href="#cite_note-Berman-190405-290">[283]</a> This position distinguished Buttigieg from his competitors in the 2020 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-Berman-190405-290">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_VoteVets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pete_Buttigieg_VoteVets.jpg/220px-Pete_Buttigieg_VoteVets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pete_Buttigieg_VoteVets.jpg/330px-Pete_Buttigieg_VoteVets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pete_Buttigieg_VoteVets.jpg/440px-Pete_Buttigieg_VoteVets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Buttigieg speaking with <a href="/wiki/VoteVets.org" title="VoteVets.org">VoteVets.org</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> Buttigieg called for modifying the structure of defense spending,<a href="#cite_note-pbwarhawkwapo-291">[284]</a> while suggesting that he might favor an overall increase in defense spending.<a href="#cite_note-292">[285]</a> Buttigieg has said that he believes the <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan</a> following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> was justified<a href="#cite_note-Lizza-190302-283">[276]</a> but supported the planned withdrawal of American troops from the region with a maintained intelligence presence.<a href="#cite_note-pbs-293">[286]</a> He is a committed supporter of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ward-190403-294">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nahmias-295">[288]</a> favors a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Nahmias-295">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[289]</a> opposes <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank">proposals for Israel to annex</a> the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli-occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Nahmias-295">[288]</a> and disapproves of Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>'s comments in support of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_law_in_the_West_Bank_settlements" title="Israeli law in the West Bank settlements">applying Israeli law</a> in Jewish settlements in the West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-297">[290]</a> In 2008, Buttigieg wrote an op-ed in The New York Times calling on the United States to support the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> independent <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Somaliland">Republic of Somaliland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[291]</a> In June 2019, Buttigieg said: "We will remain open to working with a regime like the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the benefit of the American people. But we can no longer sell out our deepest values for the sake of fossil fuel access and lucrative business deals."<a href="#cite_note-299">[292]</a> He supports ending U.S. support for Saudi Arabia in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[293]</a> Buttigieg has condemned China for its <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_re-education_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinjiang re-education camps">mass detention of ethnic Uyghurs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-301">[294]</a> He criticized Trump's decision to <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">withdraw U.S. troops from Syria</a>, which critics say gave <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> the green light to launch its <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">military offensive</a> against Syrian Kurds.<a href="#cite_note-302">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3></div> Buttigieg opposed Republican <a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_repeal_the_Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Efforts to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">efforts</a> to repeal the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-swoon-128">[122]</a> In 2018, Buttigieg said he favored <a href="/wiki/Medicare_for_All" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicare for All">Medicare for All</a>.<a href="#cite_note-303">[296]</a> During his presidential campaign, Buttigieg has promoted Medicare for All Who Want It, which includes a <a href="/wiki/Public_option" class="mw-redirect" title="Public option">public option</a> for health insurance.<a href="#cite_note-304">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-JuneDebateTran-306">[299]</a> He has spoken favorably of Maryland's <a href="/wiki/All-payer_rate_setting" title="All-payer rate setting">all-payer rate setting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CSPAN-307">[300]</a> Buttigieg has described Medicare for All Who Want It as inclusive, more efficient than the current system, and a possible precursor or "glide path" to <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_health_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-payer health insurance">single-payer health insurance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CSPAN-307">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-JuneDebateTran-306">[299]</a> He also favors a partial expansion of Medicare that would allow Americans ages 50 to 64 to buy into <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a>, and supports proposed legislation, the Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act, that would "create a fund to guarantee up to 12 weeks of partial income for workers to care for newborn children or family members with serious illnesses."<a href="#cite_note-WaPoHealthCare-308">[301]</a> In August 2019, Buttigieg released a $300 billion plan to expand mental health care services and fight addiction.<a href="#cite_note-309">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-272">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3></div> Buttigieg supports <a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals</a> (DACA) and has drawn attention to the Trump administration's aggressive deportation policies. He defended a resident of <a href="/wiki/Granger,_Indiana" title="Granger, Indiana">Granger, Indiana</a>, who was deported after living in the U.S. for 17 years despite regularly checking in with ICE and applying for a green card.<a href="#cite_note-310">[303]</a> Buttigieg has said Trump has been reckless in sending American troops to the southern border, and that it is a measure of last resort.<a href="#cite_note-311">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg/180px-StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg/270px-StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg/360px-StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4067" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._James_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)">Cathedral of St. James</a>, which Buttigieg has attended</figcaption></figure> Buttigieg is a Christian,<a href="#cite_note-312">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn_2019-04-02-313">[306]</a> and he has said his faith has had a strong influence in his life.<a href="#cite_note-:0-264">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-314">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-FrankBruni-159">[153]</a> He was baptized in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as an infant and he attended Catholic schools.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_2019-04-02-313">[306]</a> While at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, Buttigieg began to attend <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Oxford" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford">Christ Church Cathedral</a> and said he felt "more-or-less <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a>" by the time he returned to South Bend.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_2019-04-02-313">[306]</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">St. Augustine</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Martin_(priest,_born_1960)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Martin (priest, born 1960)">James Martin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Garry_Wills" title="Garry Wills">Garry Wills</a> are among his religious influences.<a href="#cite_note-:02-314">[307]</a> A member of the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a>, Buttigieg is a congregant at the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._James_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)">Cathedral of St. James</a> in downtown South Bend.<a href="#cite_note-:0-264">[257]</a> Through his mother, he is the 4th great-grandson of 19th-century U.S. Congressman <a href="/wiki/William_Marshall_Inge" title="William Marshall Inge">William Marshall Inge</a>, who represented Tennessee's 10th District. Besides his native <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, Buttigieg has some knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari language">Dari Persian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-WallaceWells-42">[38]</a> Buttigieg plays guitar and piano,<a href="#cite_note-316">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[310]</a> and in 2013 performed with the South Bend Symphony Orchestra as a guest piano soloist with <a href="/wiki/Ben_Folds" title="Ben Folds">Ben Folds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-318">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[312]</a> Buttigieg was a 2014 <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Institute" title="Aspen Institute">Aspen Institute</a> Rodel Fellow.<a href="#cite_note-City2016-320">[313]</a> Buttigieg came out as gay in a June 2015 piece in the <a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Tribune" title="South Bend Tribune">South Bend Tribune</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2015gay-115">[109]</a> becoming Indiana's first openly gay elected executive.<a href="#cite_note-321">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-blaskotns-323">[316]</a> He was the first elected official in Indiana to come out while in office<a href="#cite_note-pickfight-324">[317]</a> and the highest elected official in Indiana to come out.<a href="#cite_note-blaskotns-323">[316]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_and_Chasten_Buttigieg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pete_and_Chasten_Buttigieg.jpg/220px-Pete_and_Chasten_Buttigieg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pete_and_Chasten_Buttigieg.jpg/330px-Pete_and_Chasten_Buttigieg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pete_and_Chasten_Buttigieg.jpg/440px-Pete_and_Chasten_Buttigieg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Pete and <a href="/wiki/Chasten_Buttigieg" title="Chasten Buttigieg">Chasten Buttigieg</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> Buttigieg announced his engagement to <a href="/wiki/Chasten_Glezman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasten Glezman">Chasten Glezman</a>, a junior high school teacher, in a December 14, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> post.<a href="#cite_note-325">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[319]</a> They had been dating since August 2015 after meeting on the dating app <a href="/wiki/Hinge_(app)" title="Hinge (app)">Hinge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Trebay-180618-22">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-wndu.com-327">[320]</a> They were married on June 16, 2018, in a private ceremony at the Cathedral of St. James.<a href="#cite_note-328">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn_2019-04-02-313">[306]</a> This made Buttigieg the first mayor of South Bend to get married while in office.<a href="#cite_note-953mnc-329">[322]</a> Chasten uses the surname Buttigieg.<a href="#cite_note-330">[323]</a> Buttigieg announced on August 17, 2021, that he and his husband had become parents.<a href="#cite_note-331">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[325]</a> He elaborated on September 4, 2021, that they had adopted two newborn <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_twins" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal twins">fraternal twins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[328]</a> In July 2022, Buttigieg established his permanent residence in <a href="/wiki/Traverse_City,_Michigan" title="Traverse City, Michigan">Traverse City, Michigan</a>, which is Chasten's hometown, and registered to vote in Michigan.<a href="#cite_note-336">[329]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2></div> Buttigieg was a 2015 recipient of the Fenn Award, given by the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library</a> in recognition of his work as mayor.<a href="#cite_note-337">[330]</a> To mark the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_50_%E2%80%93_WorldPride_NYC_2019" title="Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019">50th anniversary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a> in June 2019, <a href="/wiki/Queerty" title="Queerty">Queerty</a> named him one of its "Pride50" people—"trailblazing individuals who actively ensure society remains moving towards <a href="/wiki/LGBT_equality" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT equality">equality</a>, acceptance and dignity for all <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a> people".<a href="#cite_note-338">[331]</a> At the Golden Heart Awards, run by God's Love We Deliver, Buttigieg was awarded the "Golden Heart Award for Outstanding Leadership and Public Service" in October 2019.<a href="#cite_note-339">[332]</a> <a href="/wiki/Equality_California" title="Equality California">Equality California</a>, an LGBT-rights organization, gave Buttigieg and his husband Chasten their Equality Trailblazer Award in August 2020.<a href="#cite_note-340">[333]</a> <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(magazine)" title="Attitude (magazine)">Attitude</a>, a British gay lifestyle magazine, named Buttigieg their 2020 Person of the Year to recognize his groundbreaking run for the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-341">[334]</a> In August 2024, Buttgieg was inducted by the <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_Victory_Fund" title="LGBTQ Victory Fund">LGBTQ Victory Fund</a> into the LGBTQ+ Political Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-342">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[336]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shortest_Way_Home_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortest Way Home (book)">Shortest Way Home: One Mayor's Challenge and a Model for America's Future</a>. New York: Liveright. 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63149-437-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63149-437-6"><bdi>978-1-63149-437-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shortest+Way+Home%3A+One+Mayor%27s+Challenge+and+a+Model+for+America%27s+Future&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Liveright&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-63149-437-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Buttigieg" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Trust:_America%27s_Best_Chance" title="Trust: America's Best Chance">Trust: America's Best Chance</a>. New York: Liveright. 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63149-877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63149-877-0"><bdi>978-1-63149-877-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trust%3A+America%27s+Best+Chance&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Liveright&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-63149-877-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Buttigieg" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/2010_Indiana_State_Treasurer_election" title="2010 Indiana State Treasurer election">Indiana State Treasurer election, 2010</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[337]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mourdock" title="Richard Mourdock">Richard Mourdock</a> (incumbent) </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">1,053,527 </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">62.46 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Pete Buttigieg </td> <td style="text-align:right">633,243 </td> <td style="text-align:right">37.54 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;">1,686,770 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/2011_South_Bend_mayoral_election" title="2011 South Bend mayoral election">South Bend mayoral election, 2011</a> Democratic primary<a href="#cite_note-sos2011-345">[338]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Pete Buttigieg </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">7,663 </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">54.90 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Michael J. Hamann </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,798 </td> <td style="text-align:right">20.05 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Dvorak" title="Ryan Dvorak">Ryan Dvorak</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,041 </td> <td style="text-align:right">14.62 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Barrett Berry </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,424 </td> <td style="text-align:right">10.20 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Felipe N. Merino </td> <td style="text-align:right">32 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.23 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;">13,958 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption>South Bend mayoral election, 2011<a href="#cite_note-sos2011-345">[338]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Pete Buttigieg </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">10,991 </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">73.85 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Norris W. Curry Jr. </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,884 </td> <td style="text-align:right">19.38 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#FED105;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> </td> <td class="fn">Patrick M. Farrell </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,008 </td> <td style="text-align:right">6.77 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;">14,883 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/2015_South_Bend_mayoral_election" title="2015 South Bend mayoral election">South Bend mayoral election, 2015</a> Democratic primary<a href="#cite_note-sos2015-346">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[340]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Pete Buttigieg (incumbent) </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">8,369 </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">77.68 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Henry L. Davis, Jr. </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,405 </td> <td style="text-align:right">22.32 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;">10,774 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption>South Bend mayoral election, 2015<a href="#cite_note-sos2015-346">[339]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Pete Buttigieg (incumbent) </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">8,515 </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">80.41 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Kelly S. Jones </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,074 </td> <td style="text-align:right">19.59 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;">10,589 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[341]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">18,448,092 </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em">51.5 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">9,536,123 </td> <td style="text-align:right">26.6 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,781,720 </td> <td style="text-align:right">7.8 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,475,323 </td> <td style="text-align:right">6.9 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Pete Buttigieg </td> <td style="text-align:right">913,023 </td> <td style="text-align:right">2.6 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">524,559 </td> <td style="text-align:right">1.5 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">270,792 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.8 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Steyer" title="Tom Steyer">Tom Steyer</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">258,907 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.7 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">160,416 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.5 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Others </td> <td style="text-align:right">458,477 </td> <td style="text-align:right">1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;">35,827,432 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100.00 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#f5f5f5" colspan="5">2021 United States <a href="/wiki/Senate_confirmation" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate confirmation">Senate confirmation</a> to be <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th style="width: 9em;">February 2, 2021 <a href="#cite_note-349">[342]</a> </th> <th colspan="3">Party </th> <th rowspan="3">Total </th></tr> <tr style="height:5px"> <th> </th> <td style="background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"> </td> <td style="background-color:#DDDDBB"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Independent_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (United States)">Independent</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Yes </td> <td>48 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>86 </td></tr> <tr> <td>No </td> <td>0 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f5f5f5" colspan="5"><div style="float:right;">Simple majority (51 of 99 votes) required – Nomination confirmed</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rhodes_Scholars" title="List of Rhodes Scholars">List of Rhodes Scholars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Sometimes pronounced with a <a href="/wiki/Stress_and_vowel_reduction_in_English#Unstressed_full_vowels" title="Stress and vowel reduction in English">strong vowel</a> as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-ɛdʒ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">-⁠ej</a>, as reflected in his <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> re-spelling of "boot-edge-edge", or possibly <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-ɪdʒ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">-⁠ij</a> to approximate the original <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> pronunciation <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">[bʊtːɪˈd͡ʒɪːt͡ʃ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/07\/Buttigieg-Maltese.ogg\/Buttigieg-Maltese.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Buttigieg-Maltese.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Buttigieg-Maltese.ogg/Buttigieg-Maltese.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Buttigieg-Maltese.ogg" title="File:Buttigieg-Maltese.ogg">ⓘ</a> (spelled Buttiġieġ).<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Prior to Buttigieg's 2020 presidential candidacy, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Karger" title="Fred Karger">Fred Karger</a>, who is also openly gay, sought the <a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican Party nomination</a> in <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Grenell" title="Richard Grenell">Richard Grenell</a>, who is also gay, was appointed Acting <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in 2020; however, the Director of National Intelligence is not a Cabinet secretary, but rather a Cabinet-level official.<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> For more information, see <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">United States presidential line of succession</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> When Buttigieg wrote his Profiles in Courage essay in 2000, <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Virgil Goode</a> was also an independent politician in the U.S. House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax_III" title="Schuyler Colfax III">Schuyler Colfax III</a> had become mayor in 1898 at age 28.<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Boykins had first been appointed in 2008 by Mayor <a href="/wiki/Steve_Luecke" title="Steve Luecke">Steve Luecke</a>, and he was reappointed by Buttigieg earlier in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-93">[88]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> Buttigieg was endorsed in June 2019 on the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_50th_anniversary" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonewall 50th anniversary">50th anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStracqualursi2019" class="citation web cs1">Stracqualursi, Veronica (January 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/23/politics/how-to-pronounce-pete-buttigieg/index.html">"How to pronounce Pete Buttigieg"</a>. <a 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Retrieved September 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pete+and+Chasten+Buttigieg+Welcome+2+Children+to+Their+Family&rft.date=2021-09-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kavi&rft.aufirst=Aishvarya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F09%2F04%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fpete-chasten-buttigieg-children.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Buttigieg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButtigieg2021" class="citation web cs1">Buttigieg, Pete [@PeteButtigieg] (September 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/PeteButtigieg/status/1434167993769111552">"Chasten and I are beyond thankful for all the kind wishes since first sharing the news that we're becoming parents. We are delighted to welcome Penelope Rose and Joseph August Buttigieg to our family"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). 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Retrieved September 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Voice&rft.atitle=What+Does+Electoral+Victory+Look+Like%3F+Visualizing+Buttigieg%27s+Win&rft.date=2015-05-07&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Kyle+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsouthbendvoice.com%2F2015%2F05%2F07%2Fwhat-does-electoral-victory-look-like-visualizing-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-win%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Buttigieg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreenpapers.com/P20/D">"Democratic Convention 2020"</a>. The Green Papers. September 11, 2020. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Pete Buttigieg at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pete_Buttigieg" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Pete Buttigieg">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Pete_Buttigieg" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Pete Buttigieg">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" class="extiw" title="q:Pete Buttigieg">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Peter_Paul_Montgomery_Buttigieg" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7173106" class="extiw" title="d:Q7173106">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transportation.gov/office-of-secretary">Biography</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">United States Department of Transportation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?petebuttigieg">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7173106#P2190" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6426920/">Pete Buttigieg</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7173106#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P00010298">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/127151">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pete_Buttigieg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pete_Buttigieg" title="Template:Pete Buttigieg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pete_Buttigieg" title="Template talk:Pete Buttigieg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pete_Buttigieg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pete Buttigieg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pete_Buttigieg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Buttigieg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">United States Secretary of Transportation</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">Mayor of South Bend, Indiana</a> (2012–2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mayor of South Bend, IN</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_South_Bend_mayoral_election" title="2011 South Bend mayoral election">2011 election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_South_Bend_mayoral_election" title="2015 South Bend mayoral election">2015 election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Mayoralty of Pete Buttigieg">Mayoralty of Pete Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="Flag of South Bend, Indiana">Flag of South Bend, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_South_Shore_Line_station_in_South_Bend" title="Proposed South Shore Line station in South Bend">Proposed South Shore Line station in South Bend</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo.jpg/80px-Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo.jpg/120px-Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo.jpg/160px-Pete_Buttigieg_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="3235" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020 presidential campaign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines_Flight_1282" title="Alaska Airlines Flight 1282">Alaska Airlines Flight 1282</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden#Secretary_of_Transportation" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet of Joe Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ohio_train_derailment" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Ohio train derailment">East Palestine train derailment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key_Bridge_collapse" title="Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse">Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Indiana_State_Treasurer_election" title="2010 Indiana State Treasurer election">2010 Indiana State Treasurer election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017 DNC chairman election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitting_Home_PAC" title="Hitting Home PAC">Hitting Home PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Political positions of Pete Buttigieg">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Pete_Buttigieg" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral history of Pete Buttigieg">Electoral history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shortest_Way_Home" title="Shortest Way Home">Shortest Way Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust:_America%27s_Best_Chance" title="Trust: America's Best Chance">Trust: America's Best Chance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_Pete_(film)" title="Mayor Pete (film)">Mayor Pete (2021 documentary)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chasten_Buttigieg" title="Chasten Buttigieg">Chasten Buttigieg</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Buttigieg" title="Joseph Buttigieg">Joseph Buttigieg</a> (father)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Michael Griffith</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Treasurer" title="Indiana State Treasurer">Treasurer of Indiana</a> <a href="/wiki/2010_Indiana_elections" title="2010 Indiana elections">2010</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Boland_(politician)" title="Mike Boland (politician)">Mike Boland</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Luecke" title="Steve Luecke">Steve Luecke</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">Mayor of South Bend</a> 2012–2020 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Mueller_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mueller (mayor)">James Mueller</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Chao" title="Elaine Chao">Elaine Chao</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">United States Secretary of Transportation</a> 2021–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Adrianne Todman</a></div>as Acting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a> as Secretary of Transportation </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a></div>as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">U.S. presidential line of succession</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Adrianne Todman</a></div>as Acting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> 14th in line as Secretary of Transportation </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a> Ineligible</div>as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_secretaries_of_transportation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USSecTrans" title="Template:USSecTrans"><abbr title="View 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Boyd">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Brinegar" title="Claude Brinegar">Brinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thaddeus_Coleman_Jr." title="William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brock_Adams" title="Brock Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Goldschmidt" title="Neil Goldschmidt">Goldschmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Lewis" title="Drew Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Burnley_IV" title="James H. Burnley IV">Burnley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_K._Skinner" title="Samuel K. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Card" title="Andrew Card">Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Federico Peña">Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_E._Slater" title="Rodney E. Slater">Slater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Mineta" title="Norman Mineta">Mineta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_E._Peters" title="Mary E. Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_LaHood" title="Ray LaHood">LaHood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Foxx" title="Anthony Foxx">Foxx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Chao" title="Elaine Chao">Chao</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buttigieg</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Department of Transportation"><img alt="Seal of the United States Department of Transportation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg/75px-United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg/113px-United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg/150px-United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="248" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Cabinet_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_U.S._Cabinet" title="Template:Current U.S. Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_U.S._Cabinet" title="Template talk:Current U.S. Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_U.S._Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current U.S. Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Cabinet_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Becerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Blinken</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Cardona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Granholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Haaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Mayorkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">McDonough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Raimondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Su</a>a</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Todman</a>a</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Vilsack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Yellen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="White House Logo"><img alt="White House Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/100px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/150px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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Burns (diplomat)">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Guzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Haines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Prabhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Regan" title="Michael S. Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Thomas-Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Zients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>a acting <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet of Joe Biden</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Joe_Biden_(2021–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biden_cabinet" title="Template:Biden cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biden_cabinet" title="Template talk:Biden cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Biden_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Biden cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Joe_Biden_(2021–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (2021–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="1988" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Walsh" title="Marty Walsh">Marty Walsh</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a> (acting) (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a> (2021–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Adrianne Todman</a> (acting) (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Buttigieg</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Regan" title="Michael S. Regan">Michael S. Regan</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Shalanda Young</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">William J. Burns</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Katherine Tai</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Rouse" title="Cecilia Rouse">Cecilia Rouse</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Bernstein" title="Jared Bernstein">Jared Bernstein</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Isabel Guzman</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a> (2021–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Arati Prabhakar</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Political appointments by Joe Biden">Political appointments by Joe Biden</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidential_line_of_succession_in_the_United_States_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Presidential_Line_of_Succession" title="Template:US Presidential Line of Succession"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Presidential_Line_of_Succession" title="Template talk:US Presidential Line of Succession"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Presidential_Line_of_Succession" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Presidential Line of Succession"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidential_line_of_succession_in_the_United_States_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">Presidential line of succession in the United States of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> (<a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a> (<a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a> (acting)**)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Adrianne Todman</a> (acting)**)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Buttigieg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a>*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>*)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Ineligible to <a href="/wiki/Acting_President_of_the_United_States" title="Acting President of the United States">act as president</a> • ** Ambiguity exists concerning eligibility to act as president</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=South_Bend,_Indiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Bend,_Indiana" title="Template:South Bend, Indiana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_Bend,_Indiana" title="Template talk:South Bend, Indiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Bend,_Indiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South Bend, Indiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=South_Bend,_Indiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_South_Bend%2C_Indiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Bend%2C_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_South_Bend%2C_Indiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Bend%2C_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_South_Bend%2C_Indiana.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Bend%2C_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Washington_Historic_District" title="West Washington Historic District">West Washington Historic District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="Education in South Bend, Indiana">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Community_School_Corporation" title="South Bend Community School Corporation">South Bend Community School Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_High_School_(Indiana)" title="John Adams High School (Indiana)">John Adams HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_High_School_(Indiana)" title="Clay High School (Indiana)">Clay HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Whitcomb_Riley_High_School" title="James Whitcomb Riley High School">James Whitcomb Riley HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_High_School_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="Washington High School (South Bend, Indiana)">Washington HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_High_School_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="St. Joseph High School (South Bend, Indiana)">St. Joseph HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_School_at_Greenlawn" title="Trinity School at Greenlawn">Trinity School at Greenlawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Clark_School" title="Stanley Clark School">Stanley Clark School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_South_Bend" title="Indiana University South Bend">Indiana University South Bend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballpark_Synagogue" title="Ballpark Synagogue">Ballpark Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Heritage_Center" title="Civil Rights Heritage Center">Civil Rights Heritage Center</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Engman_Public_Natatorium" title="Engman Public Natatorium">Engman Public Natatorium</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="First Presbyterian Church (South Bend, Indiana)">First Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Winds_Field_at_Coveleski_Stadium" title="Four Winds Field at Coveleski Stadium">Four Winds Field at Coveleski Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_Park" title="Ignition Park">Ignition Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Morris Performing Arts Center">Morris Performing Arts Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Museums_at_Washington_and_Chapin" title="The Museums at Washington and Chapin">The Museums at Washington and Chapin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Studebaker_National_Museum" title="Studebaker National Museum">Studebaker National Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pumping_Station" title="North Pumping Station">North Pumping Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Oliver_House" title="Joseph D. Oliver House">Joseph D. Oliver House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Civic_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bend Civic Theatre">South Bend Civic Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippecanoe_Place" title="Tippecanoe Place">Tippecanoe Place</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend_International_Airport" title="South Bend International Airport">South Bend International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend_station" title="South Bend station">South Bend station</a> (Amtrak)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Airport_station" title="South Bend Airport station">South Bend Airport station</a> (NICTD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Transpo" title="South Bend Transpo">South Bend Transpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Street_Station_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Street Station (South Bend, Indiana)">South Street Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="Union Station (South Bend, Indiana)">Union Station</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_South_Shore_Line_station_in_South_Bend" title="Proposed South Shore Line station in South Bend">Proposed new South Shore Line station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Tribune" title="South Bend Tribune">South Bend Tribune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="Flag of South Bend, Indiana">Flag of South Bend, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Cubs" title="South Bend Cubs">South Bend Cubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of people from South Bend, Indiana">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">Mayors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayoral_elections_in_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="Mayoral elections in South Bend, Indiana">Elections</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2016)_2020_United_States_presidential_election_(2024_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2016)_2020_United_States_presidential_election_(2024_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">← 2016</a>) <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D), 306 electoral votes; <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (R), 232 electoral votes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_elections" title="2020 United States elections">2020 United States elections</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election">state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_predictions" title="2020 United States presidential election predictions">Predictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_voting_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Postal voting in the 2020 United States elections">Postal voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2020 United States presidential election">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2020 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_2020_United_States_presidential_electors" title="List of 2020 United States presidential electors">Electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">Electoral College vote count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Oregon" title="Independent Party of Oregon">IPO</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_forums" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential forums">Forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_automatic_delegates_at_the_2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of automatic delegates at the 2020 Democratic National Convention">automatic delegates</a>)</li> <li>Polls (<a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">state</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden-Sanders_Unity_Task_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces">Unity Task Forces</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements_from_organizations" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements from organizations">organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_U.S._Congress_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign U.S. Congress endorsements">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_state_and_territorial_legislative_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign state and territorial legislative endorsements">state & territorial officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_municipal_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign municipal endorsements">municipal officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennet" title="Michael Bennet">Michael Bennet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Political positions of Michael Bloomberg">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Buttigieg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Political positions of Pete Buttigieg">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Tulsi Gabbard 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Amy_Klobuchar" title="Political positions of Amy Klobuchar">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Political positions of Bernie Sanders">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Media coverage of Bernie Sanders">media coverage</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Steyer" title="Tom Steyer">Tom Steyer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Political positions of Elizabeth Warren">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cory_Booker" title="Political positions of Cory Booker">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bullock_(American_politician)" title="Steve Bullock (American politician)">Steve Bullock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Julian_Castro" title="Julian Castro">Julian Castro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Delaney_(Maryland_politician)" title="John Delaney (Maryland politician)">John Delaney</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/John_Delaney_2020_presidential_campaign" title="John Delaney 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Delaney" title="Political positions of John Delaney">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Political positions of Kirsten Gillibrand">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Gleib" title="Ben Gleib">Ben Gleib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Hickenlooper" title="John Hickenlooper">John Hickenlooper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Jay Inslee 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Messam" title="Wayne Messam">Wayne Messam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Seth Moulton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ojeda" title="Richard Ojeda">Richard Ojeda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">Beto O'Rourke</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Beto O'Rourke 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Ryan_(Ohio_politician)" title="Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)">Tim Ryan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sestak" title="Joe Sestak">Joe Sestak</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Swalwell" title="Eric Swalwell">Eric Swalwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson" title="Marianne Williamson">Marianne Williamson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Marianne Williamson 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNYS</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Right_to_Life_Party" title="New York State Right to Life Party">RTLP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Republican Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Polls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Incumbent nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd>endorsements <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">GOP opposition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud" title="Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud">GOP reactions to fraud claims</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ely" title="Bob Ely">Bob Ely</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_(Illinois_politician)" title="Joe Walsh (Illinois politician)">Joe Walsh</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Walsh 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Bill Weld</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Weld 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sanford" title="Mark Sanford">Mark Sanford</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sanford_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Mark Sanford 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2020 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jo Jorgensen</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jo_Jorgensen_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Spike_Cohen" title="Spike Cohen">Spike Cohen</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Eliminated in balloting</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(jurist)" title="Jim Gray (jurist)">Jim Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kokesh" title="Adam Kokesh">Adam Kokesh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Monds" title="John Monds">John Monds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Vermin Supreme 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before or during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Abramson" title="Max Abramson">Max Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Formed exploratory committee but did not run</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Justin_Amash" title="Justin Amash">Justin Amash</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">LMN</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">SA</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">SPUSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Green Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2020 Green Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_National_Convention" title="2020 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Nicole_Walker" title="Angela Nicole Walker">Angela Walker</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Dario Hunter</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ventura" title="Jesse Ventura">Jesse Ventura</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Don_Blankenship" title="Don Blankenship">Don Blankenship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election">Other third-party candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #385AA3;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">Alliance Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a></li> <li>VP nominee: Darcy Richardson</li> <li>AIP VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Abramson" title="Max Abramson">Max Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins_(politician)" title="Phil Collins (politician)">Phil Collins</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Brian_T._Carroll" title="Brian T. Carroll">Brian T. Carroll</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #791a52;"><a href="/wiki/Birthday_Party_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birthday Party (political party)">Birthday Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanye West 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West" title="Views of Kanye West">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 Black;"><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_Roses_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread and Roses (political party)">Bread and Roses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Segal" title="Jerome Segal">Jerome Segal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism & Liberation</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Liberty_Union_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Union Party">LUP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">PFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Peltier" title="Leonard Peltier">Leonard Peltier</a> (withdrew)</li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Progressive_Party" title="Oregon Progressive Party">Progressive Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Dario Hunter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins_(politician)" title="Phil Collins (politician)">Phil Collins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Mackler" title="Jeff Mackler">Jeff Mackler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kishore" title="Joseph Kishore">Joseph Kishore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election">Independent candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Declared</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/VoiceoverPete" title="VoiceoverPete">Pete Accetturo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Charles" title="Mark Charles">Mark Charles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brock_Pierce" title="Brock Pierce">Brock Pierce</a> (▌<a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York" title="Independence Party of New York">IPNY</a> nominee)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jade_Simmons" title="Jade Simmons">Jade Simmons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Perry_Caravello" title="Perry Caravello">Perry Caravello</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Gable" title="Jeremy Gable">Jeremy Gable</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disputes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">during inauguration week</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">U.S. Capitol attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">aftermath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment of Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_commission" title="January 6 commission">January 6 commission</a></li></ul></li> <li>reactions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">international</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot" title="Trump fake electors plot">Trump fake electors plot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_prosecution_of_fake_electors" title="Arizona prosecution of fake electors">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution" title="Georgia election racketeering prosecution">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_prosecution_of_fake_electors" title="Michigan prosecution of fake electors">Michigan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call" title="Trump–Raffensperger phone call">Trump–Raffensperger phone call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_memos" title="Eastman memos">Eastman memos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lawsuits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Pre-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Filed before Election Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Filed during or after Election Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Arizona" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Georgia" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Michigan" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Nevada" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Pennsylvania" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Wisconsin" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Seasons_Total_Landscaping_press_conference" title="Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference">Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections">Russian interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_efforts_to_restrict_voting_following_the_2020_presidential_election" title="Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election">Voting restrictions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#3252B4; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_liberalism_US_footer" title="Template:Modern liberalism US footer"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_liberalism_US_footer" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Modern liberalism US footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_liberalism_US_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern liberalism US footer"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern liberalism in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism#United_States" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social market economy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Left" title="American Left">American Left</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">Core principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">Social equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#1950s" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Richard_Nixon" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">1960s and 1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Liberals_and_civil_rights" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical liberalism in the United States">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Liberalism_during_the_Cold_War" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Harry_S._Truman's_Fair_Deal" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Fair Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Great_Society:_1964–1968" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Great Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Liberal_coalition" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Liberal coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Liberal_Republicans" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Liberal Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Neoconservatives" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Neoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#New_Deal" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrats_(United_States)" title="New Democrats (United States)">New Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Bill_Clinton_administration_and_the_Third_Way" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Third Way</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Under_attack_from_the_New_Left" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Progressive_Era" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Liberals_and_the_Vietnam_War" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Vietnam War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">Significant figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Edith Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Cesar Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Steele_Commager" title="Henry Steele Commager">Henry Steele Commager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">William O. Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gompers" title="Samuel Gompers">Samuel Gompers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hofstadter" title="Richard Hofstadter">Richard Hofstadter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Ireland" title="Patricia Ireland">Patricia Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kazin" title="Alfred Kazin">Alfred Kazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lerner_(rabbi)" title="Michael Lerner (rabbi)">Michael Lerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Rachel Maddow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauli_Murray" title="Pauli Murray">Pauli Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">John Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Trilling" title="Lionel Trilling">Lionel Trilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Monroe_Trotter" title="William Monroe Trotter">William Monroe Trotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Gore Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">Significant politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">John Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo">Mario Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Howard Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Barney Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Javits" title="Jacob Javits">Jacob Javits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_H._La_Guardia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiorello H. La Guardia">Fiorello H. La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Harvey Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wellstone" title="Paul Wellstone">Paul Wellstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Ralph Yarborough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">Major political parties and political organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (since the 1930s)</li> <li>Progressive Party (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">1912</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%9334)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–34)">1924</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Republicans">Rockefeller Republicans</a> (1930s–1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">economic progressivism</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#3252B4; color:white"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/15px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/21px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/42px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Indiana" title="Portal:Indiana">Indiana</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/19px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/29px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/38px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/18px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/27px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/35px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/29px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg/19px-Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg/28px-Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg/37px-Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="223" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:University_of_Oxford" title="Portal:University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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