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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bermuda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bermuda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bermuda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bermuda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debate_over_full_citizenship_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debate_over_full_citizenship_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Debate over full citizenship rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debate_over_full_citizenship_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration_of_citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration_of_citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Restoration of citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration_of_citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_and_loss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_and_loss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Acquisition and loss</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_and_loss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rights_and_privileges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rights_and_privileges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rights and privileges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rights_and_privileges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restrictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restrictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Restrictions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Restrictions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Restrictions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Restrictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_Overseas_Territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Overseas_Territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>British Overseas Territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Overseas_Territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislation_and_case_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation_and_case_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Legislation and case law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation_and_case_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_debates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_debates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Parliamentary debates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_debates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Dependent_Territories_citizens&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="British Dependent Territories citizens">British Dependent Territories citizens</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of British nationality</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_citizen" title="British Overseas 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-color:grey;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">British citizenship and<br />nationality law</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Introduction</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British nationality law</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_British_nationality_law" title="History of British nationality law">History</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Nationality classes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subjects</a><br /><small><i>(under the British Nationality Act 1981)</i></small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Overseas Territories citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)" title="British National (Overseas)">British Nationals (Overseas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_citizen" title="British Overseas citizen">British Overseas citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_protected_person" title="British protected person">British protected persons</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_passport" title="British passport">British passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Right of abode in the United Kingdom">Right of abode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">Indefinite leave to remain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">Belonger status</a><br /><small><i>(in certain <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>)</i></small></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Law relating to former territories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_Hong_Kong" title="British nationality law and Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_in_the_American_Colonies" title="Nationality law in the American Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Relevant legislation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1948" title="British Nationality Act 1948">British Nationality Act 1948</a> / <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_Act_1949" title="Ireland Act 1949">Ireland Act 1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Immigrants_Act_1962" title="Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962">Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962</a> / <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Immigrants_Act_1968" title="Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_1971" title="Immigration Act 1971">Immigration Act 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_(Falkland_Islands)_Act_1983" title="British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983">British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:POV" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:POV">non-POV</a> and non-relevant content copied from other articles.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen" title="Special:EditPage/British Overseas Territories citizen">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>British Overseas Territories citizen</b> (<b>BOTC</b>), formerly called <b>British Dependent Territories citizen</b> (<b>BDTC</b>), is a member of a class of <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British nationality</a> granted to people connected with one or more of the populated <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>, other than the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>. </p><p>This category was created to differentiate between British nationals with strong ties to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and those connected only with an overseas territory (other than <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>), both of which groups had shared <i>Citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies</i> (CUKC) before 1 January 1983. The primary right of citizenship, that of <a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode" title="Right of abode">abode</a> in the United Kingdom, had been taken away from colonial CUKCs by 1968 and 1971 <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts of Parliament">acts of Parliament</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unless they retained it through a qualifying connection with the United Kingdom. Under the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a>, which went into effect on 1 January 1983, colonial CUKCs (other than Gibraltarians and Falkland Islanders) without a qualifying connection to the United Kingdom became <i>British Dependent Territories</i> citizens (renamed <i>British Overseas Territories</i> citizenship in 2002), a citizenship which did not include right of abode anywhere – not even in the territories in which they were born. (CUKCs born in the United Kingdom, Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, or the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> all became <a href="/wiki/British_Citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="British Citizens">British Citizens</a>, with right of abode in the United Kingdom.) </p><p>Those with British Overseas Territories citizenship remained <a href="/wiki/British_national" class="mw-redirect" title="British national">British nationals</a> (subject to British sovereignty), but not <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British citizens</a>. (Although British Overseas Territories Citizenship is a class of British nationality, it is not a citizenship of a British Overseas Territory or of the British Overseas Territories collectively, as the name may imply.) As the United Kingdom is a Commonwealth Realm, all British Nationals, including BDTCs, remained <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizens</a>, though free movement by citizens of other Commonwealth countries into the United Kingdom had ended with the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Immigrants_Act_1962" title="Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962">Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warwick_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warwick-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The British Overseas Territories are not members of the Commonwealth in their own rights, as the Commonwealth is a community of independent nations – which none of the Territories are.) </p><p>BOTC status does not give the holder <a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode" title="Right of abode">right of abode</a> in the United Kingdom, but since 2002, almost all BOTCs simultaneously hold British citizenship, except for those connected only with the territory of <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>, as well as those who have registered or naturalised as BOTCs since that date. Nationals of this class who are not also full citizens are subject to immigration controls when entering the UK. As of 2024, about 106,000 BOTCs hold valid <a href="/wiki/British_passport" title="British passport">British passports</a> with this status and enjoy consular protection when travelling abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_territories">The territories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British Overseas Territories are <a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Ocean territory">British Indian Ocean territory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a>, the sovereign base areas of <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a></div> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a>, colonies of the British Empire were known as <a href="/wiki/Crown_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown colonies">Crown colonies</a> (although those with internal representative government were distinguished as <i>self-governing colonies</i>) of which there were a large number. Many of these became independent or parts of other countries before the new status was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-jaunay_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaunay-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All natural-born <a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subjects</a> previously held the unrestricted right of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">free movement</a> in any part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Originally the status of <i>subject</i> implied fealty or duties to <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> without any inherent rights, but at the time of the Act's passing this term had already long been archaic as the Crown's <i>subjects</i> had steadily accrued citizenship rights with the formation of the Parliament of England, with its House of Commons and House of Lords.) By 1981, the status of <i>British Subject</i> had already become interchangeable in meaning with <i>British citizen</i> and <i>British national</i>. </p><p>As different areas of the empire were delegated legislative power from London, these territories gradually enacted their own laws governing entry and residence rights. However, these local laws did not affect British subjects' rights under UK domestic law, most particularly the right-of-abode in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which were not subject to the locality the citizen was born or resided in, or the degree of local autonomy within that region. Several of the largest self-governing colonies achieved <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominion</a> status (starting with <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> in 1867), placing their governments on an equal footing to, but retaining links with, that of the United Kingdom. (The dominions collectively were the <i>Commonwealth</i> referred to in the phrase <i>the British Empire and Commonwealth</i>.) </p><p>Following the Second World War, all of the dominions and many colonies quickly chose complete political independence. Together with the United Kingdom (including its remaining colonies) all these territories formed a new <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> (usually abbreviated to just "Commonwealth"). While each Commonwealth nation distinguished its own citizens, with the British Government's <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1948" title="British Nationality Act 1948">British Nationality Act 1948</a> categorising subjects from the United Kingdom and its remaining overseas territories as <i>Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies</i> (CUKCs),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subject</a></i> was retained as an umbrella nationality encompassing all Commonwealth citizens, including CUKCs, so that those "belonging" to one territory would not be considered <a href="/wiki/Alien_(law)" title="Alien (law)">aliens</a> in another.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although colonies that had not become independent <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a> remained under British sovereignty, they also had an accepted right to determine local immigration policy.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All CUKCs initially retained the right to enter and live in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigration from the <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">former colonies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> was restricted by the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Immigrants_Act_1962" title="Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962">Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962</a>. Citizens of the new Commonwealth countries who had a qualifying link to the United Kingdom (who had been born in the United Kingdom, or who had a father or grandfather born in the United Kingdom) retained CUKC, becoming dual-nationals. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Immigrants_Act_1968" title="Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968">Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968</a> removed the rights of free entry, work, and abode in the United Kingdom from those British Subjects who were not born in, or possessed of a qualifying connection to, the United Kingdom. This applied not only CUKCs from Commonwealth countries, but also to those Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies in the remaining colonies. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_1971" title="Immigration Act 1971">Immigration Act 1971</a> introduced the concept of <i>patriality</i>, by which only British subjects (i.e. CUKCs and Commonwealth citizens) with sufficiently strong links to the <a href="/wiki/British_Islands" title="British Islands">British Islands</a> (e.g. being born in the islands or having a parent or a grandparent who was born there) had <i><a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of abode (United Kingdom)">right of abode</a></i>, meaning they were exempt from immigration control and had the right to enter, live and work in the islands. The act, therefore, had <i>de facto</i> created two types of CUKCs: those with right of abode in the UK, and those without right of abode in the UK (who might or might not have right of abode in a Crown colony or another country). Despite differences in immigration status being created, there was no <i>de jure</i> difference between the two in a nationality context, as the 1948 Act still specified one tier of citizenship throughout the UK and its colonies. This changed in 1983, when the 1948 Act was replaced by a multi-tier nationality system. </p><p>The current principal British nationality law in force, since 1 January 1983, is the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a>, which established the system of multiple categories of British nationality. To date, six tiers were created: <i>British citizens</i>, <i>British Overseas Territories citizens</i>, <i>British Overseas citizens</i>, <i>British Nationals (Overseas)</i>, <i>British subjects</i>, and <i>British protected persons</i>. Only British citizens and certain Commonwealth citizens have the automatic right of abode in the UK, with the latter holding residual rights they had prior to 1983. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bermuda">Bermuda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bermuda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The introduction of patriality for the colonial CUKCs in 1968 and 1971, and the change of their citizenships in 1983, removed the rights granted them irrevocably by <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charters</a> at the founding of the colonies. <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> (fully <i>The Somers Isles or Islands of Bermuda</i>), by example, had been officially settled by the <a href="/wiki/London_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Company">London Company</a> (which had been in occupation of the archipelago since the 1609 wreck of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_Venture" title="Sea Venture">Sea Venture</a>) in 1612 (with a Lieutenant-Governor and sixty settlers joining the three Sea Venture survivors left there in 1610), when it received its Third Royal Charter from <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James I</a>, amending the boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Colony">First Colony of Virginia</a> far enough across the Atlantic to include Bermuda. The citizenship rights guaranteed to settlers by King James I in the original royal charter of the 10 April 1606, thereby applied to Bermudians: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Alsoe wee doe, for us, our heires and successors, declare by theise presentes that all and everie the parsons being our subjects which shall dwell and inhabit within everie or anie of the saide severall Colonies and plantacions and everie of theire children which shall happen to be borne within the limitts and precincts of the said severall Colonies and plantacions shall have and enjoy all liberties, franchises and immunites within anie of our other dominions to all intents and purposes as if they had been abiding and borne within this our realme of Englande or anie other of our saide dominions.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>These rights were confirmed in the royal charter granted to the London Company's spin-off, the <a href="/wiki/Somers_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Somers Isles">Company of the City of London for the Plantacion of The Somers Isles</a>, in 1615 on Bermuda being separated from Virginia: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And wee doe for vs our heires and successors declare by these Pnts, that all and euery persons being our subjects which shall goe and inhabite wthin the said Somer Ilandes and every of their children and posterity which shall happen to bee borne within the limits thereof shall haue and enjoy all libertyes franchesies and immunities of free denizens and natural subjectes within any of our dominions to all intents and purposes, as if they had beene abiding and borne wthin this our Kingdome of England or in any other of our Dominions<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In regards to former CUKCs of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">St. Helena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Beaumont" title="Tim Beaumont">Lord Beaumont of Whitley</a> stated in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> debate on the British Overseas Territories Bill on 10 July 2001: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Citizenship was granted irrevocably by Charles I. It was taken away, quite wrongly, by Parliament in surrender to the largely racist opposition to immigration at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>After passage of the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a>, CUKCs were reclassified into different nationality groups based on their ancestry and birthplace: CUKCs with right of abode in the United Kingdom or who were closely connected with the UK, the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> became <i>British Citizens</i> while those connected with any other remaining colony became <i>British Dependent Territories Citizens</i> (BDTCs).<sup id="cite_ref-BNA1981_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNA1981-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, CUKCs did not have automatic right of abode in the colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Right of abode in the territories is dependent on possession of <a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">belonger status</a>, regardless of which type of British citizenship is possessed.<sup id="cite_ref-Barbosa44_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbosa44-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aside from different categories of a citizenship, the 1981 Act also ceased to recognise Commonwealth citizens as British subjects. </p><p>The results of the Acts of 1968, 1971, and 1981 were the cause of much anger underlying these changes. Observing that Gibraltar and the Falkland Islands retained full British Citizenship caused particular anger. Bermuda, which had absorbed considerable immigration from the United Kingdom since the 1940s despite having its own immigration controls (of the 71,176 persons estimated to reside in Bermuda in 2018, 30% were not born in Bermuda, of which those born in the United Kingdom are the largest demographic group). As this immigration has been sustained for decades (the 1950 census showed 2,718 residents who had been born in the United Kingdom, out of a population of about 30,000), a substantial portion of the 70% who were born in Bermuda have parents or grandparents born in the United Kingdom. </p><p>The majority of Bermudians who retained right of abode in the United Kingdom after 1 January 1983 were, however, white (with whites making up a third of the population). Very few black Bermudians retained right of abode in the United Kingdom through a forebear born in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although after the 1 January 1983 any BDTC who legally resided in the United Kingdom for five years (generally with a student's visa or a work permit) was entitled to have <i>leave to remain</i> entered into his or her passport, this was an avenue that few black Bermudians could utilise, as not many could afford to study in the United Kingdom, and fewer still were able to obtain a work permit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debate_over_full_citizenship_rights">Debate over full citizenship rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Debate over full citizenship rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of nationality reclassification in 1983, the largest group of BDTCs (2.5 million people) was associated with <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British government was unwilling to grant full citizenship and immigration rights to Hongkongers,<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon163_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon163-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fearing a mass migration to the UK after the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">transfer of sovereignty to China</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration_of_citizenship">Restoration of citizenship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Restoration of citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a></div> <p>Almost five years after Hong Kong was transferred to China, Parliament restored access to full British citizenship and right of abode in the United Kingdom to virtually all British Dependent Territories citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sole exception to this was for those living in <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>, which were excluded due to their status as military bases as specified in the <a href="/wiki/London-Z%C3%BCrich_Agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="London-Zürich Agreements">treaty establishing Cyprus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradshaw479_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw479-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any person who was a BDTC before 21 May 2002<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> automatically became a British citizen on that date,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and children born after that date to BDTCs also automatically acquire full citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the Act renamed the status British Overseas Territories citizenship, mirroring the name change for the territories themselves as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradshaw479_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw479-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquisition_and_loss">Acquisition and loss</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Acquisition and loss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British nationality law</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_(%2Boverseas_territories_and_crown_dependencies)_in_the_World_(single_zoom).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/United_Kingdom_%28%2Boverseas_territories_and_crown_dependencies%29_in_the_World_%28single_zoom%29.svg/290px-United_Kingdom_%28%2Boverseas_territories_and_crown_dependencies%29_in_the_World_%28single_zoom%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/United_Kingdom_%28%2Boverseas_territories_and_crown_dependencies%29_in_the_World_%28single_zoom%29.svg/435px-United_Kingdom_%28%2Boverseas_territories_and_crown_dependencies%29_in_the_World_%28single_zoom%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/United_Kingdom_%28%2Boverseas_territories_and_crown_dependencies%29_in_the_World_%28single_zoom%29.svg/580px-United_Kingdom_%28%2Boverseas_territories_and_crown_dependencies%29_in_the_World_%28single_zoom%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="1964" /></a><figcaption>British Overseas Territories citizens may originate from any of the 14 territories (shown in red).</figcaption></figure> <p>There are four ways to acquire British Overseas Territories citizenship: by birth, adoption, descent, or naturalisation. </p><p>Individuals born in a territory automatically receive BOTC status if at least one parent is a BOTC or has <a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">belonger status</a>. Children born to British citizen parents who are not settled in an overseas territory are not BOTCs at birth. Parents do not necessarily need to be connected with the same overseas territory to pass on BOTC status.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoBOTC_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoBOTC-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, a child born in an overseas territory may be registered as a BOTC if either parent becomes a BOTC or settles in any overseas territory subsequent to birth. A child who lives in the same territory until age 10 and is not absent for more than 90 days in each year is also entitled to registration as a BOTC.<sup id="cite_ref-RegistrationChildren_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RegistrationChildren-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, an adopted child automatically become a BOTC on the effective day of adoption if either parent is a BOTC or has belonger status. In all cases that an individual is a British Overseas Territories citizen at birth or adoption within the territories, that person is a BOTC <i>otherwise than by descent</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoBOTC_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoBOTC-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Individuals born outside of the territories are BOTCs <i>by descent</i> if either parent is a BOTC <i>otherwise than by descent</i>. Unmarried BOTC fathers cannot automatically pass down their BOTC status, and it would be necessary for them to register children as BOTCs. </p><p>A child, now an adult, born abroad before 1 July 2006, (not in the UK or one of its Territories), to an unmarried BOTC born-father, is denied the right to claim his/her BOTC fathers' citizenship-by-descent. However, after a strong campaign by a group called <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botccampaign.org">'British Overseas Territories Citizenship Campaign'</a> led by US-based actor and advocate <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.botccampaign.org/">Trent Lamont Miller</a>, a son of a British Montserrat-born father, the Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a> announced in a policy statement on 24 March 2021<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the UK Government's intends to remove this discrimination through additional legislation which will provide a retrospective right to register for nationality purposes. In that same announcement, Patel stated the Government also intends to remove discrimination against children born abroad before 1 January 1981 to BOTC mothers. Amendments will be made to the British Nationality Act 1981. In 2014, the same rights were made retrospective for children born to UK mainland British fathers. BOTC children of descent were intentionally left out. The new legislation will rectify this anomaly. Here are the key areas to be rectified:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><b>1. Children born before 1 January 1983 to BOTC mothers</b> Before 1 January 1983 women could not pass on British nationality to a child born outside the UK and Colonies. Provisions to allow for children born before 1983 to British citizen mothers to be registered as British citizens were introduced in the Nationality, Immigration, and Asylum Act 2002, but were not extended to BOTC mothers. This was because the registration provision was introduced to extend a concession announced in 1979 for the registration of children of UK-born mothers. The aim in 2002 was to cover those who could have been registered as children on the basis of that concession but had not applied in time. The criteria introduced - that the person would (if women could have passed on citizenship at that time) have become a citizen of the UK and Colonies and acquired a right of abode in the UK - aimed to cover those who had a maternal connection with the UK. The registration criteria were extended in legislation in 2009, but as this was introduced as an unexpected Lord's amendment there was no time to consult with BOT governments about the implications of doing something for BOTCs, which could have an impact on territory migration. </p><p><b>2. Children born before 1 July 2006 to BOTC fathers</b> Similarly, children born to British unmarried fathers could not acquire British nationality through their father before 1 July 2006. Registration provisions were introduced for people born to unmarried British citizen fathers before 1 July 2006 to be registered as citizens by section 65 of the Immigration Act 2014. These provide for a person to register as a British citizen if they would have acquired that status automatically under the British Nationality Act 1981, had their father been married to their mother. </p><p>Section 65 was introduced at a very late stage in the Bill debates: it was recognised that each overseas territory has its own immigration law, and to create a route for people to become British overseas territories citizens (which could give a right of abode in a territory) would require wider consultation with governors and territory governments, which was not possible prior to the introduction of that Act. Corresponding provisions were not therefore included for British overseas territories citizenship. </p><p><b>3. British Overseas Territories Act 2002</b> The British Overseas Territories Act 2002 provided that anyone who was a BOTC on 21 May 2002 automatically became a British citizen. Equally, it allowed for British citizenship to be acquired through birth in an overseas territory or to a relevant parent from an overseas territory. This means that people in the above groups have missed out on both BOTC and British citizenship. The British Nationality Act 1981, therefore, needs to be amended to allow them to acquire the statuses they would have had if the law had not been discriminatory. </p><p>If a parent is a BOTC <i>by descent</i>, additional requirements apply to register children as BOTCs. Parents serving in Crown service who have children abroad are exempted from these circumstances, and their children would be BOTCs <i>otherwise than by descent</i> as if they had been born on their home territory.<sup id="cite_ref-RegistrationChildren_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RegistrationChildren-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foreigners and non-BOTC British nationals may naturalise as British Overseas Territories citizens after residing in a territory for more than five years and possessing belonger status or permanent residency for more than one year. The residency requirement is reduced to three years if an applicant is married to a BOTC. All applicants for naturalisation and registration are normally considered by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_viceregal_representatives_of_Elizabeth_II#British_overseas_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of viceregal representatives of Elizabeth II">governor of the relevant territory</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> retains discretionary authority to grant BOTC status.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2004, BOTC applicants aged 18 or older are required to take an oath of allegiance to the Sovereign and loyalty pledge to the relevant territory during their citizenship ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British Overseas Territories citizenship can be relinquished by a declaration made to the governor of the connected territory, provided that a person already possesses or intends to acquire another nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BOTC status can be deprived if it was fraudulently acquired<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or if an individual is solely connected with a territory that becomes independent and that person gains the new country's citizenship. The last territory to have done so is <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BDTCs connected with <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> also had their status removed at the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">transfer of sovereignty</a> in 1997, but were able to register for <a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)" title="British National (Overseas)">British National (Overseas)</a> status before the handover.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rights_and_privileges">Rights and privileges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rights and privileges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>British Overseas Territories citizens are exempted from obtaining a visa or entry certificate when visiting the United Kingdom for less than six months.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are eligible to apply for two-year <a href="/wiki/Working_holiday_visa" title="Working holiday visa">working holiday visas</a> and do not face annual quotas or sponsorship requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When travelling in other countries, they may seek British consular protection.<sup id="cite_ref-BOTCtype_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTCtype-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BOTCs are not considered foreign nationals when residing in the UK and are entitled to certain rights as <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizens</a>. These include exemption from registration with local police,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> voting eligibility in UK elections,<sup id="cite_ref-RepPeople1983_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RepPeople1983-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ability to enlist in the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British Overseas Territories citizens are also eligible to serve in non-reserved <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">Civil Service</a> posts,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> be granted <a href="/wiki/British_honours" class="mw-redirect" title="British honours">British honours</a>, receive <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peerages</a>, and sit in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BNA1981_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNA1981-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If given <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">indefinite leave to remain</a> (ILR), they are eligible to stand for election to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and local government.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All British Overseas Territories citizens other than those solely connected with <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a> became British citizens on 21 May 2002, and children born on qualified overseas territories to British citizens since that date are both BOTCs and British citizens <i>otherwise than by descent</i>. Prior to 2002, only BOTCs from Gibraltar and the Falkland Islands were given unrestricted access to citizenship. BOTCs naturalised after that date may also become British citizens by registration at the <a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_home_secretary" title="Powers of the home secretary">discretion of the Home Secretary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Becoming a British citizen has no effect on BOTC status; BOTCs may also simultaneously be British citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restrictions">Restrictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Restrictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_British_Overseas_Territories_citizens" title="Visa requirements for British Overseas Territories citizens">Visa requirements for British Overseas Territories citizens</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Overseas_Territories">British Overseas Territories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: British Overseas Territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">Belonger status</a></div> <p>Although British Overseas Territories citizenship is granted to individuals who are closely connected to particular territories, each territory maintains separate immigration policies and different requirements for conferring <a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">belonger status</a>. BOTC status by itself does not grant its holders right of abode or the right to work in any of the territories<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and confers no entitlements other than the right to apply for a BOTC passport.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, there are circumstances in which BOTCs do not have right of abode in the territory that they derive their citizenship from.<sup id="cite_ref-Barbosa44_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbosa44-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BOTCs who are part of this group and have no other nationality are <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">stateless</a> because they are deprived of the right to enter the country that claims them as nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, neither BOTCs nor full British citizens who are not belongers of a given territory may vote or stand for public office in that jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Right of abode in the United Kingdom">Right of abode in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>British Overseas Territories citizens are subject to immigration controls and have neither the right of abode nor the right to work in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-BOTCtype_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTCtype-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BOTCs other than Gibraltarians are also required to pay a "<a href="/wiki/Immigration_health_surcharge" title="Immigration health surcharge">health surcharge</a>" to access <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> benefits when residing in the UK for longer than six months<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and do not qualify for most welfare programmes.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since 2002, almost all BOTCs are also British citizens and have UK right of abode.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When exercising that right and entering the UK for a period of more than six months, they must travel with British citizen passports or other valid passports endorsed with a certificate of entitlement for right of abode.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union">European Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union</a> on 31 January 2020, full British citizens were <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">European Union citizens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EU2019/592_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU2019/592-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most British Overseas Territories citizens were not EU citizens and did not enjoy <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement_for_workers_in_the_European_Union" title="Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union">freedom of movement</a> in other EU countries. They were,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continue to be, exempted from obtaining visas when visiting the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EU2019/592_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU2019/592-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gibraltar was the sole exception to this; BOTCs connected to that territory were also EU citizens and did have freedom of movement within the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/commonwealth-immigration-control-legislation.htm">"Commonwealth Immigration control and legislation: The Commonwealth Immigration Act 1962"</a>. <i>nationalarchives.gov.uk</i>. British Government National Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904140510/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/commonwealth-immigration-control-legislation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>In 1967, Asians from Kenya and Uganda, fearing discrimination from their own national governments, began to arrive in Britain. They had retained their British citizenship following independence, and were therefore not subject to the act. The Conservative Enoch Powell and his associates campaigned for tighter controls. The Labour government responded with the Commonwealth Immigration Act of 1968. It extended control to those without a parent or grandparent who was born in or was a citizen of the UK.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalarchives.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Commonwealth+Immigration+control+and+legislation%3A+The+Commonwealth+Immigration+Act+1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fcabinetpapers%2Fthemes%2Fcommonwealth-immigration-control-legislation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/commonwealth-migration-since-1945/">"Commonwealth migration since 1945: What was the context and impact of migration in modern Britain?"</a>. <i>National Archives</i>. Government of the united Kingdom<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>There was a significant demand for labour which came not only from the Caribbean but also from mainland Europe, Ireland, India, and Pakistan. However, it was opposition to Commonwealth and empire immigration that stood out, with a reluctance for example to accept skilled Caribbean labour. While wanting to allow entry to white people from the old Commonwealth, the government did not want to appear racist in any plans to restrict immigration from elsewhere in the empire and Commonwealth as governments of the newly emerging black Commonwealth took offence at moves to restrict movement to Britain from their respective countries while not applying the same rules to those from the white Commonwealth.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=Commonwealth+migration+since+1945%3A+What+was+the+context+and+impact+of+migration+in+modern+Britain%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Feducation%2Fresources%2Fcommonwealth-migration-since-1945%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warwick-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warwick_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarwick2007" class="citation web cs1">Warwick, Professor (of Political Science) John (24 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://john-warwick.blogspot.com/2007/09/race-and-development-of-immigration.html">"Race and the development of Immigration policy during the 20th century"</a>. <i>Race and the development of Immigration policy during the 20th century</i>. Professor John Warwick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128160137/http://john-warwick.blogspot.com/2007/09/race-and-development-of-immigration.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Race+and+the+development+of+Immigration+policy+during+the+20th+century&rft.atitle=Race+and+the+development+of+Immigration+policy+during+the+20th+century&rft.date=2007-09-24&rft.aulast=Warwick&rft.aufirst=Professor+%28of+Political+Science%29+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjohn-warwick.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F09%2Frace-and-development-of-immigration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/commonwealth-immigration-control-legislation.htm">"Commonwealth Immigration control and legislation: The Commonwealth Immigration Act 1962"</a>. <i>nationalarchives.gov.uk</i>. British Government National Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921232746/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/commonwealth-immigration-control-legislation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>Butler oversaw the production of the Bill that became the Commonwealth Immigration Act of 1962. This controlled the immigration of all Commonwealth passport holders (except those who held UK passports). Prospective immigrants now needed to apply for a work voucher, graded according to the applicant's employment prospects.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalarchives.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Commonwealth+Immigration+control+and+legislation%3A+The+Commonwealth+Immigration+Act+1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fcabinetpapers%2Fthemes%2Fcommonwealth-immigration-control-legislation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/number_of_british_passports_issu_10/response/2563215/attach/3/FOI2024%2000932%20Timothy%20Lam%20final%20response.pdf">"Freedom of information request 2024/00932"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. HM Passport Office. 22 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freedom+of+information+request+2024%2F00932&rft.pub=HM+Passport+Office&rft.date=2024-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatdotheyknow.com%2Frequest%2Fnumber_of_british_passports_issu_10%2Fresponse%2F2563215%2Fattach%2F3%2FFOI2024%252000932%2520Timothy%2520Lam%2520final%2520response.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaunay-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jaunay_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaunay.com/BritishTerritories_structure.html">"British Overseas Territories"</a>. <i>Graham Jaunay</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Barbosa</i> [2019] UKPC 41</a>, at para. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Minister_of_Home_Affairs_and_another_v._Barbosa_[2019]_UKPC_41"><i>The Minister of Home Affairs and another v. Barbosa</i> [2019] UKPC 41</a>, at para. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Minister_of_Home_Affairs_and_another_v._Barbosa_[2019]_UKPC_41"><i>The Minister of Home Affairs and another v. Barbosa</i> [2019] UKPC 41</a>, at para. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHansen1999">Hansen 1999</a>, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/36181/36181-h/36181-h.htm"><i>The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London: the first charter April 10, 1606</i></a>, with an introduction by Samuel M. Bemiss, President, Virginia Historical Society. Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation, Williamsburg, Virginia 1957. Transcribed by Project Gutenberg</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letters Patent of King James I, 1615. <i>Memorials of the Discovery and Early Settlement of The Bermudas or Somers Islands</i>, Volume 1, by Lieutenant-General Sir John Henry Lefroy, Royal Artillery, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Bermuda</a> 1871–1877. The Bermuda Memorials Edition, 1981. The Bermuda Historical Society and The Bermuda National Trust (First Edition, London, 1877)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord_Beaumont_of_Whitley2001" class="citation book cs1">Lord Beaumont of Whitley (10 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/2001/jul/10/british-overseas-territories-bill-hl">"British Overseas Territories Bill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. United Kingdom: House of Lords. col. 1014–1037.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=British+Overseas+Territories+Bill&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=col.-1014-1037&rft.pub=House+of+Lords&rft.date=2001-07-10&rft.au=Lord+Beaumont+of+Whitley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F2001%2Fjul%2F10%2Fbritish-overseas-territories-bill-hl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BNA1981-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BNA1981_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNA1981_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Nationality_Act_1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Minister_of_Home_Affairs_and_another_v._Barbosa_[2019]_UKPC_41"><i>The Minister of Home Affairs and another v. Barbosa</i> [2019] UKPC 41</a>, at para. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barbosa44-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barbosa44_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barbosa44_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Minister_of_Home_Affairs_and_another_v._Barbosa_[2019]_UKPC_41"><i>The Minister of Home Affairs and another v. Barbosa</i> [2019] UKPC 41</a>, at para. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord_Waddington2001" class="citation book cs1">Lord Waddington (10 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/2001/jul/10/british-overseas-territories-bill-hl">"British Overseas Territories Bill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Lords. col. 1014–1037.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=British+Overseas+Territories+Bill&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-1014-1037&rft.pub=House+of+Lords&rft.date=2001-07-10&rft.au=Lord+Waddington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F2001%2Fjul%2F10%2Fbritish-overseas-territories-bill-hl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlake1982">Blake 1982</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wyatt" title="Woodrow Wyatt">Lord Wyatt of Weeford</a>, <a href="#CITEREF"Hong_Kong:_British_Passports_Proposal"">"Hong Kong: British Passports Proposal"</a>, col. 863.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dixon163-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dixon163_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1983">Dixon 1983</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Marshall_(British_politician)" title="Jim Marshall (British politician)">Jim Marshall</a>, <a href="#CITEREF"British_Overseas_Territories_Bill"">"British Overseas Territories Bill"</a>, col. 495.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Spring,_Baron_Risby" title="Richard Spring, Baron Risby">Richard Spring</a>, <a href="#CITEREF"British_Overseas_Territories_Bill"">"British Overseas Territories Bill"</a>, col. 483.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bradshaw479-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw479_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw479_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bradshaw" title="Ben Bradshaw">Ben Bradshaw</a>, <a href="#CITEREF"British_Overseas_Territories_Bill"">"British Overseas Territories Bill"</a>, col. 479.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002_(Commencement)_Order_2002">The British Overseas Territories Act 2002 (Commencement) Order 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a>, s. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a>, s. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a>, s. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AutoBOTC-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AutoBOTC_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AutoBOTC_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/633075/automatic-acquisition-BOTC-v1.0.pdf">"Automatic acquisition: BOTC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1.0. <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>. 14 July 2017. pp. 8–9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043226/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/633075/automatic-acquisition-BOTC-v1.0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Automatic+acquisition%3A+BOTC&rft.series=1.0&rft.pages=8-9&rft.pub=Home+Office&rft.date=2017-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F633075%2Fautomatic-acquisition-BOTC-v1.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RegistrationChildren-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RegistrationChildren_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RegistrationChildren_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/633073/registration-as-a-botc-children-v1.0.pdf">"Registration as a BOTC: children"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1.0. <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>. 14 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042737/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/633073/registration-as-a-botc-children-v1.0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Registration+as+a+BOTC%3A+children&rft.series=1.0&rft.pub=Home+Office&rft.date=2017-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F633073%2Fregistration-as-a-botc-children-v1.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/972517/CCS207_CCS0820091708-001_Sovereign_Borders_Web_Accessible.pdf">[1]</a> See "Chapter 3 'Ending Anomalies and Delivering Fairness in British Nationality Law' New Plan for Immigration"]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/633053/naturalisation-as-a-botc-at-discretion-v1.0.pdf">"Naturalisation as a BOTC at discretion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1.0. <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>. 14 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043129/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/633053/naturalisation-as-a-botc-at-discretion-v1.0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naturalisation+as+a+BOTC+at+discretion&rft.series=1.0&rft.pub=Home+Office&rft.date=2017-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F633053%2Fnaturalisation-as-a-botc-at-discretion-v1.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/258235/oathofallegiance.pdf">"Oath of allegiance and pledge of loyalty"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/UK_Visas_and_Immigration" title="UK Visas and Immigration">UK Visas and Immigration</a>. 17 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043258/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/258235/oathofallegiance.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Electoral Commission for Northern Ireland. 2 May 2019. p. 10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eoni.org.uk/getmedia/644de0df-8a92-4ca5-9bc1-af99747c8f4a/Local-Council-Elections-2019-Guide-for-Candidates-and-Agents_3">the original</a> on 7 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+for+Candidates+and+Agents%3A+Local+Council+Elections&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Electoral+Commission+for+Northern+Ireland&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoni.org.uk%2Fgetmedia%2F644de0df-8a92-4ca5-9bc1-af99747c8f4a%2FLocal-Council-Elections-2019-Guide-for-Candidates-and-Agents_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/765392/Registration-as-a-British-citizen-other-British-nationals-v2.0.pdf">"Registration as British citizen: other British nationals"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2.0. <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>. 17 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042614/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/765392/Registration-as-a-British-citizen-other-British-nationals-v2.0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Registration+as+British+citizen%3A+other+British+nationals&rft.series=2.0&rft.pub=Home+Office&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F765392%2FRegistration-as-a-British-citizen-other-British-nationals-v2.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/788221/Guide_B_OTA_.pdf">"Guide B(OTA): Registration as a British citizen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>. March 2019. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328215035/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/788221/Guide_B_OTA_.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+B%28OTA%29%3A+Registration+as+a+British+citizen&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Home+Office&rft.date=2019-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F788221%2FGuide_B_OTA_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Minister_of_Home_Affairs_and_another_v._Barbosa_[2019]_UKPC_41"><i>The Minister of Home Affairs and another v. Barbosa</i> [2019] UKPC 41</a>, at para. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gov.tc/immigration/naturalization">"Naturalisation (BOTC)"</a>. Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naturalisation+%28BOTC%29&rft.pub=Government+of+the+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgov.tc%2Fimmigration%2Fnaturalization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaur_[2001]_C-192/99"><i>Kaur</i> [2001] C-192/99</a>, at para. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHouse_of_Commons_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_Fifteenth_Report2019">House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee Fifteenth Report 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-announces-health-surcharge">"UK announces health surcharge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gov.uk" title="Gov.uk">gov.uk</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a>. 27 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211133729/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-announces-health-surcharge">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.uk&rft.atitle=UK+announces+health+surcharge&rft.date=2015-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fuk-announces-health-surcharge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFImmigration_and_Asylum_Act_1999">Immigration and Asylum Act 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Minister_of_Home_Affairs_and_another_v._Barbosa_[2019]_UKPC_41"><i>The Minister of Home Affairs and another v. Barbosa</i> [2019] UKPC 41</a>, at para. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdalondonoffice.co.uk/services/visiting-the-uk/">"Bermudians Visiting the UK & Europe"</a>. Government of Bermuda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118053334/http://bdalondonoffice.co.uk/services/visiting-the-uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bermudians+Visiting+the+UK+%26+Europe&rft.pub=Government+of+Bermuda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdalondonoffice.co.uk%2Fservices%2Fvisiting-the-uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EU2019/592-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EU2019/592_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EU2019/592_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRegulation_(EU)_No_2019/592">Regulation (EU) No 2019/592</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRegulation_(EU)_No_2018/1806">Regulation (EU) No 2018/1806</a> Annex II.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForeign_and_Commonwealth_Office_Parliamentary_Relations_and_Devolution_Team2007" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Foreign and Commonwealth Office Parliamentary Relations and Devolution Team (13 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/166/uceu2502.htm">"Foreign Affairs: Written Evidence - Letter to the Clerk of the Committee from the Parliamentary Relations and Devolution Team, Foreign and Commonwealth Office"</a>. Letter to Clerk of the Select Committee on Foreign Affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014130052/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/166/uceu2502.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Affairs%3A+Written+Evidence+-+Letter+to+the+Clerk+of+the+Committee+from+the+Parliamentary+Relations+and+Devolution+Team%2C+Foreign+and+Commonwealth+Office&rft.date=2007-02-13&rft.au=Foreign+and+Commonwealth+Office+Parliamentary+Relations+and+Devolution+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200607%2Fcmselect%2Fcmfaff%2Fmemo%2F166%2Fuceu2502.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislation_and_case_law">Legislation and case law</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legislation and case law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBritish_Nationality_Act_1981"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/">"British Nationality Act 1981"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1981 c. 61</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=British+Nationality+Act+1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1981%2F61%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBritish_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/8/">"British Overseas Territories Act 2002"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2002 c. 8</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=British+Overseas+Territories+Act+2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2002%2F8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFImmigration_and_Asylum_Act_1999"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/33/section/115/">"Immigration and Asylum Act 1999: Section 115"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1999 c. 33  (s. 115)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+Asylum+Act+1999%26%2358%3B+Section+115&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1999%2F33%2Fsection%2F115%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRegulation_(EU)_No_2018/1806"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1806">Regulation (EU) No 2018/1806 of 14 November 2018 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRegulation_(EU)_No_2019/592"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R0592">Regulation (EU) No 2019/592 of 10 April 2019 amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement, as regards the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRepresentation_of_the_People_Act_1983"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/2/section/4/">"Representation of the People Act 1983: Section 4"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1983 c. 2  (s. 4)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Representation+of+the+People+Act+1983%26%2358%3B+Section+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1983%2F2%2Fsection%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFThe_British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002_(Commencement)_Order_2002"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1252/made">"The British Overseas Territories Act 2002 (Commencement) Order 2002"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 2002/1252</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+British+Overseas+Territories+Act+2002+%28Commencement%29+Order+2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2002%2F1252%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFThe_Minister_of_Home_Affairs_and_another_v._Barbosa_[2019]_UKPC_41"><i>The Minister of Home Affairs and another v. Barbosa</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/2019/41.html">[2019] UKPC 41</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Privy Council</a> (on appeal from Bermuda)</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKaur_[2001]_C-192/99"><i>The Queen v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte: Manjit Kaur</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailii.org/eu/cases/EUECJ/2001/C19299.html">[2001] EUECJ C-192/99</a>, Case C-192/99, <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a></cite></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Publications">Publications</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake1982" class="citation journal cs1">Blake, Charles (1982). "Citizenship, Law and the State: The British Nationality Act 1981". <i>The Modern Law Review</i>. <b>45</b> (2): 179–197. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1095380">1095380</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Citizenship%2C+Law+and+the+State%3A+The+British+Nationality+Act+1981&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=179-197&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1095380%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon1983" class="citation journal cs1">Dixon, David (1983). "Thatcher's People: The British Nationality Act 1981". <i>Journal of Law and Society</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 161–180. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1410230">1410230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Law+and+Society&rft.atitle=Thatcher%27s+People%3A+The+British+Nationality+Act+1981&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=161-180&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1410230%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1972" class="citation journal cs1">Evans, J. M. (1972). "Immigration Act 1971". <i>The Modern Law Review</i>. <b>35</b> (5): 508–524. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2230.1972.tb02363.x">10.1111/j.1468-2230.1972.tb02363.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1094478">1094478</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Immigration+Act+1971&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=508-524&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2230.1972.tb02363.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1094478%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouse_of_Commons_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_Fifteenth_Report2019" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Foreign Affairs Select Committee">Foreign Affairs Select Committee</a> (13 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmfaff/1464/1464.pdf">Global Britain and the British Overseas Territories: Resetting the relationship</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Global+Britain+and+the+British+Overseas+Territories%3A+Resetting+the+relationship&rft.pub=Parliament+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft.au=Foreign+Affairs+Select+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm201719%2Fcmselect%2Fcmfaff%2F1464%2F1464.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Randall_Hansen" title="Randall Hansen">Hansen, Randall</a> (1999). "The Politics of Citizenship in 1940s Britain: The British Nationality Act". <i>Twentieth Century British History</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 67–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ftcbh%2F10.1.67">10.1093/tcbh/10.1.67</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+British+History&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Citizenship+in+1940s+Britain%3A+The+British+Nationality+Act&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-95&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ftcbh%2F10.1.67&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Randall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parliamentary_debates">Parliamentary debates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories_citizen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Parliamentary debates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"British_Overseas_Territories_Bill"" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/2001/nov/22/british-overseas-territories-bill-lords">"British Overseas Territories Bill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>. 22 November 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111509/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/2001/nov/22/british-overseas-territories-bill-lords">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=British+Overseas+Territories+Bill&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=2001-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F2001%2Fnov%2F22%2Fbritish-overseas-territories-bill-lords&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"Hong_Kong:_British_Passports_Proposal"" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1989/mar/23/hong-kong-british-passports-proposal">"Hong Kong: British Passports Proposal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. 23 March 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190111121340/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1989/mar/23/hong-kong-british-passports-proposal">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong%3A+British+Passports+Proposal&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=House+of+Lords&rft.date=1989-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F1989%2Fmar%2F23%2Fhong-kong-british-passports-proposal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"The_Dependent_Territories"" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1997/jun/11/the-dependent-territories">"The Dependent Territories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. 11 June 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303121645/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1997/jun/11/the-dependent-territories">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dependent+Territories&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=House+of+Lords&rft.date=1997-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F1997%2Fjun%2F11%2Fthe-dependent-territories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Overseas+Territories+citizen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_citizenship" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Template:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Template talk:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="Edit this 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navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua & Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_nationality_law" title="Maldivian nationality law">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_nationality_law" title="Maltese nationality law">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_nationality_law" title="Nauruan nationality law">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="Tanzanian nationality law">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Rights, issues, and visas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">Belonger status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_Hong_Kong" title="British nationality law and Hong Kong">British nationality law and Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland">British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Overseas Territories citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">Indefinite leave to remain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Irish nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_permanent_resident" title="Australian permanent resident">Permanent resident (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_resident_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent resident (Canada)">Permanent resident (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Ancestry_Entry_Clearance" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Ancestry Entry Clearance">UK Ancestry Entry Clearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of abode (United Kingdom)">UK right of abode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windrush_scandal" title="Windrush scandal">Windrush scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Acts of Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_(Falkland_Islands)_Act_1983" title="British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983">British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Citizenship Act 1946">Canadian Citizenship Act 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_Act_1949" title="Ireland Act 1949">Ireland Act 1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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