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<span>Federation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Australia_Acts_1986" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Australia_Acts_1986"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The Australia Acts 1986</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Australia_Acts_1986-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_of_the_governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_the_governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Role of the governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_the_governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lieutenant-governors_and_administrators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lieutenant-governors_and_administrators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lieutenant-governors and administrators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lieutenant-governors_and_administrators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backgrounds_of_governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backgrounds_of_governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Backgrounds of governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backgrounds_of_governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_changes_and_prospects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_changes_and_prospects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Contemporary changes and prospects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_changes_and_prospects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_state_and_territory_governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_state_and_territory_governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Current state and territory governors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_state_and_territory_governors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current state and territory governors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_state_and_territory_governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_state_governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_state_governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Current state governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_state_governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_administrators_of_the_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_administrators_of_the_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Current administrators of the territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_administrators_of_the_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double #bc2422;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#bc2422; border: 1px double #bc2422;"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia"><span style="color:white;"><small>Monarchy of </small><br />Australia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Royal_Standard_of_Australia.svg/250px-Royal_Standard_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Royal_Standard_of_Australia.svg/330px-Royal_Standard_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Royal_Standard_of_Australia.svg/500px-Royal_Standard_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; text-align:center; background:#white; color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">Viceroys</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State Governors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">NSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors of Victoria">Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors of Queensland">Qld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors of Western Australia">WA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors of South Australia">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors of Tasmania">Tas</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Administrators of territories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_heads_of_Norfolk_Island" title="List of administrative heads of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Administrator of the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Australian Indian Ocean Territories</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; text-align:center; background:#white; color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">Vice-regal residences</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_official_residences_of_Australia" title="List of official residences of Australia">List of residences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Canberra" title="Government House, Canberra">Yarralumla (Government House)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_House,_Sydney" title="Admiralty House, Sydney">Admiralty House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Sydney" title="Government House, Sydney">NSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Melbourne" title="Government House, Melbourne">Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Brisbane" title="Government House, Brisbane">Qld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Perth" title="Government House, Perth">WA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Adelaide" title="Government House, Adelaide">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Hobart" title="Government House, Hobart">Tas</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; text-align:center; background:#white; color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">Constitution</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)">Federal Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Parliament#Monarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Parliament">Role in Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_head_of_state_dispute" title="Australian head of state dispute">Head of state dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Australia" title="Monarchism in Australia">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Australia" title="Republicanism in Australia">Republican debate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; text-align:center; background:#white; color:white;;color: 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openings by Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_toast" title="Loyal toast">Loyal toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jubilees_of_British_monarchs" title="List of jubilees of British monarchs">List of jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demise_of_the_Crown" title="Demise of the Crown">Demise of the Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force_VIP_aircraft" title="Royal Australian Air Force VIP aircraft">Royal Australian Air Force VIP aircraft</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #bc2422;border-bottom:1px solid #bc2422;font-size:95%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Australia_(converted).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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#8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia"><span style="color:white;"><small>Politics of</small><br />Australia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/110px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/165px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color:#222; text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Monarchy</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarch</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mostyn" title="Sam Mostyn">Sam Mostyn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Executive</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Australia">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Marles" title="Richard Marles">Richard Marles</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)">Federal Executive Council</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_ministries" title="List of Australian ministries">Ministry</a> <a href="/wiki/Albanese_ministry" title="Albanese ministry">Albanese ministry</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Legislature</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Australian Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg/60px-Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg/120px-Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Australian_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2022_Australian_Senate.svg/60px-2022_Australian_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2022_Australian_Senate.svg/120px-2022_Australian_Senate.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Australian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Australian Senate">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Sue_Lines" title="Sue Lines">Sue Lines</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia)">Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Penny_Wong" title="Penny Wong">Penny Wong</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Dick" title="Milton Dick">Milton Dick</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Australia)" title="Leader of the House (Australia)">Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Burke" title="Tony Burke">Tony Burke</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Australia)" title="Opposition (Australia)">Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Australia)">Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dutton" title="Peter Dutton">Peter Dutton</a> (LP)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_ministry_of_Peter_Dutton" title="Shadow ministry of Peter Dutton">Shadow Ministry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia" title="Judiciary of Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_High_Court_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gageler" title="Stephen Gageler">Stephen Gageler</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Keane" title="Patrick Keane">Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Gordon" title="Michelle Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Edelman" title="James Edelman">Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Steward_(judge)" title="Simon Steward (judge)">Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Gleeson" title="Jacqueline Gleeson">Gleeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Beech-Jones" title="Robert Beech-Jones">Beech-Jones</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Australia" title="Federal Court of Australia">Federal Court of Australia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Federal_Court_of_Australia" title="List of judges of the Federal Court of Australia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Debra_Mortimer" title="Debra Mortimer">Debra Mortimer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Federal_Court_of_Australia" title="List of judges of the Federal Court of Australia">List of Judges</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Circuit_and_Family_Court_of_Australia" title="Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia">Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Family_Court_of_Australia" title="List of judges of the Family Court of Australia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Will_Alstergren" title="Will Alstergren">Will Alstergren</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Family_Court_of_Australia" title="List of judges of the Family Court of Australia">List of Judges</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia#Australian_court_hierarchy" title="Judiciary of Australia">State and territory courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_legal_system" title="Australian legal system">Australian legal system</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Australia" title="Elections in Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b>Recent elections</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Australian_federal_election" title="2022 Australian federal election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Australian_federal_election" title="2019 Australian federal election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Australian_federal_election" title="2016 Australian federal election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Australian_federal_election" title="2013 Australian federal election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_federal_election" title="2010 Australian federal election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Australian_federal_election" title="2007 Australian federal election">2007</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Australia" title="Electoral system of Australia">Federal electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorates_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives">Electoral divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_federal_by-elections" title="List of Australian federal by-elections">By-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Australia" title="Referendums in Australia">Referendums and plebiscites</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voter_registration_in_Australia" title="Voter registration in Australia">Voter registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_spill" title="Leadership spill">Leadership spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of political parties in Australia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_Australia" title="Political funding in Australia">Political funding</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">States and territories</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Governors and administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiers_and_chief_ministers_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Premiers and chief ministers of the Australian states and territories">Premiers and chief ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliaments_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Parliaments of the Australian states and territories">Parliaments and assemblies</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia#State_and_territory_courts_and_tribunals" title="Judiciary of Australia">State courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_systems_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Electoral systems of the Australian states and territories">State electoral systems</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia" title="Local government in Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Local government</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_New_South_Wales" title="Local government areas of New South Wales">NSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Victoria" title="Local government in Victoria">Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Queensland" title="Local government in Queensland">Qld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Western_Australia" title="Local government areas of Western Australia">WA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_South_Australia" title="Local government areas of South Australia">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Local government areas of Tasmania">Tas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Local government areas of the Northern Territory">NT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_local_government_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of local government political parties in Australia">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Australia" title="Foreign relations of Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Foreign relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade" title="Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade">Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Penny_Wong" title="Penny Wong">Penny Wong</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Australia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Australia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Australia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Australia">in Australia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_passport" title="Australian passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Australian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Australian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Australia" title="Visa policy of Australia">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Australia and the United Nations">Australia and the United Nations</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Australia–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Australia–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Australia–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Australia–Canada relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Australia–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Australia–China relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Australia–India relations">India</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia#Ideology_in_Australian_politics" title="Politics of Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Ideologies</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_politics_in_Australia" title="Christian politics in Australia">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_Australia" title="Environmental movement in Australia">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Australia" title="Far-right politics in Australia">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansonism" title="Hansonism">Hansonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Australia" title="Monarchism in Australia">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Australia" title="Multiculturalism in Australia">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Australia" title="Republicanism in Australia">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Australia" title="Irreligion in Australia">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Australia" title="Socialism in Australia">Socialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #00843D;border-bottom:1px solid #00843D;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a><div class="center"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_South_Wales" title="Portal:New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Victoria" title="Portal:Victoria">Victoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Queensland" title="Portal:Queensland">Queensland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Western_Australia" title="Portal:Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Australia" title="Portal:South Australia">South Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tasmania" title="Category:Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Category:Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northern_Territory" title="Category:Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Australia_sidebar" title="Template:Politics of Australia sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Australia_sidebar" title="Template talk:Politics of Australia sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Australia_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Australia sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Each Australian <a href="/wiki/States_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Australia">state</a> has a governor to represent <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia's monarch</a> within it. The governors are the nominal chief executives of the states, performing the same constitutional and ceremonial functions at the state level as does the <a href="/wiki/Governor-general_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-general of Australia">governor-general of Australia</a> at the national or federal level. In practice, with notable exceptions the governors are generally required by <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">convention</a> to act on the <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advice (constitutional)">advice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Premiers_of_the_Australian_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiers of the Australian states">state premiers</a> or the other members of a state's cabinet. </p><p>Australia's state governors are not subject to the constitutional authority of the governor-general, but are direct representatives of the monarch. This means, for example, that the governor-general may not issue pardons or commutations of sentence for any state offences, or issue any state honours.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The office of governor ("governor in chief" was an early title) is the oldest constitutional office in Australia. The title was first used with the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">Governor of New South Wales</a>, and dates back to 1788 to the day on which the area (which is now the city of Sydney) became the first British settlement in Australia. Each of the subsequent five states in Australia was also founded as a British colony, and a governor was appointed by the British government to exercise executive authority over the colony. The first governors of the colonies, and their dates of appointment, are as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_South_Wales#1788:_Establishment_of_the_colony" title="History of New South Wales">New South Wales</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Phillip" title="Arthur Phillip">Captain Arthur Phillip</a> (7 February 1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_Australia#Swan_River_Colony" title="History of Western Australia">Western Australia</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Stirling_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="James Stirling (Royal Navy officer)">Captain James Stirling</a> (6 February 1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Australia#British_preparation_for_establishing_a_colony" title="History of South Australia">South Australia</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Hindmarsh" title="John Hindmarsh">Captain John Hindmarsh</a> (28 December 1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tasmania#European_arrival" title="History of Tasmania">Tasmania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Young" title="Henry Young">Sir Henry Fox Young</a> (8 January 1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Victoria#Separation_from_New_South_Wales" title="History of Victoria">Victoria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hotham" title="Charles Hotham">Sir Charles Hotham</a> (22 May 1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Queensland#Exploration" title="History of Queensland">Queensland</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Bowen" title="George Bowen">Sir George Bowen</a> (10 December 1859)</li></ul> <p>Only in New South Wales and South Australia was the date of the appointment of the first governor the actual date of the colony's foundation. The settlement which became Queensland was founded in 1824, but was not <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Queensland" title="Separation of Queensland">separated from New South Wales</a> until 1859. In Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia executive authority was exercised by a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-Governor">Lieutenant-Governor</a> for some years before the first Governor was appointed; Tasmania was founded in 1804, Western Australia in 1828 and Victoria in 1835. </p><p>New South Wales and Tasmania (which was known as <a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a> until 1855) were founded as penal colonies, and their governors (lieutenant-governors in Tasmania) exercised more or less absolute authority. Tasmania in particular was run as a virtual prison camp in its early years. The Governors were also <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commanders-in-chief</a>, and the troops under their command were the real basis of their authority. </p><p>From the 1820s, however, the increasing number of free settlers in the colonies led to a process of constitutional reform which gradually reduced the powers of the governors. New South Wales was given its first legislative body, the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Council" title="New South Wales Legislative Council">New South Wales Legislative Council</a>, in 1825. Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia, which were not founded as penal settlements, moved rapidly towards constitutional government after their establishment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federation">Federation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Federation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the six colonies federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, there were some suggestions that the position of state governor should be abolished or that its appointment be made by the Governor-General as is done in <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant governor (Canada)">Canada</a>. However, the states insisted on retaining their separate links to the Crown, a concept that can be compared to the American system of separate sovereignty for state and federal governments. The states were concerned that Commonwealth-appointed governors might be used to do the federal government's bidding, up to and including use of a Governor's reserve powers to dismiss a recalcitrant state government. To ensure that state governments would be free from such extra-constitutional intervention or coercion, state governors continued to be appointed by the monarch on the <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional_law)" title="Advice (constitutional law)">advice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Colonial Secretary</a> in London, usually after an informal consultation with the state government. </p><p>The post of governor was again called into question during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Depression</a> of the 1930s, when the cost of maintaining six vice-regal establishments (as well as a governor-general in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>) drew criticism from the labour movement and others. During this period some states (notably Western Australia) left the position unfilled as an economy measure for some years, and the vice-regal functions were filled by the state chief justices with the title of administrator. But no state attempted to abolish the post of governor, and this could not have been done at this time without the consent of the Crown (acting on the advice of the British government). </p><p>The political role of the governor became a matter of controversy in 1932 when the Governor of New South Wales, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Game" title="Philip Game">Sir Philip Game</a>, used his reserve power to dismiss the premier, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lang_(Australian_politician)" title="Jack Lang (Australian politician)">Jack Lang</a>, on the grounds that Lang was acting illegally. All governors at this time were British, and most were from the upper classes and political conservatives, and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> governments always suspected that they had an enemy in Government House. Most governors, however, tried to act impartially, and some were genuinely popular. </p><p>From the 1940s the states, particularly those with Labor governments, began to appoint Australians to the post of governor. The first Australian governors of each of the states, and their dates of appointment, were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Northcott" title="John Northcott">Sir John Northcott</a> (1 August 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lavarack" title="John Lavarack">Sir John Lavarack</a> (1 October 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Mitchell_(Australian_politician)" title="James Mitchell (Australian politician)">Sir James Mitchell</a> (5 October 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Harrison_(Australian_governor)" title="James Harrison (Australian governor)">Sir James Harrison</a> (4 December 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Burbury" title="Stanley Burbury">Sir Stanley Burbury</a> (5 December 1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Winneke" title="Henry Winneke">Sir Henry Winneke</a> (3 June 1974)</li></ul> <p>The first colonies were penal settlements and the early colonial governors were military officers who ruled under martial law. Once the governors' role moved from the executive to the ceremonial, most governors were drawn from the ranks of retired officers. Although a few members of the <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peerage</a> served as governors (the most prominent being <a href="/wiki/William_Lygon,_7th_Earl_Beauchamp" title="William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp">Earl Beauchamp</a> in New South Wales), the Australian colonial capitals were small towns and considered not grand enough to attract senior members of the British aristocracy. Even when Australians replaced Britons as governors, most continued to be retired Army, Navy or Air Force officers until the 1970s. </p><p>The last non-Australian governor of an Australian state was Rear Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Trowbridge" title="Richard Trowbridge">Richard Trowbridge</a>, who was governor of Western Australia from 1980 to 1983. <a href="/wiki/Davis_McCaughey" title="Davis McCaughey">Davis McCaughey</a>, born in Northern Ireland, was not an Australian citizen at the time his appointment as governor of Victoria was announced in 1985,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was a long-time resident of Australia and took up citizenship before commencing his term in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1960s the governors continued to be appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of the United Kingdom">Monarch of the United Kingdom</a>, acting on the advice of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary (who replaced the Colonial Secretary). While usually acting on the recommendation of the state premier, the role of the British government was more than nominal. In 1975 the British government refused to accept premier Sir <a href="/wiki/Joh_Bjelke-Petersen" title="Joh Bjelke-Petersen">Joh Bjelke-Petersen's</a> request that Sir <a href="/wiki/Colin_Hannah" title="Colin Hannah">Colin Hannah's</a> term as Queensland governor be extended due to Hannah's impartial public comments on the Whitlam government. It was not until 1986, with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Australia_Act_1986" title="Australia Act 1986">Australia Acts</a> through the state, Australian and British parliaments, that governors became appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of Australia">Monarch of Australia</a> on the direct advice of the relevant premier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Australia_Acts_1986">The Australia Acts 1986</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Australia Acts 1986"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the Commonwealth of Australia became largely sovereign in external and federal affairs over a period beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Conference_of_1923" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Conference of 1923">Imperial Conference of 1923</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_Adoption_Act_1942" title="Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942">adoption of the Statute of Westminster in 1942</a>, the states remained colonial dependencies of Britain, subject to the authority of the British government and Imperial Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State laws were still invalid if they conflicted with British laws due to the <i><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Laws_Validity_Act_1865" title="Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865">Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865</a></i>. Additionally, state governors continued to be appointed by the Queen of the United Kingdom (not the legally distinct Queen of Australia) on the advice of the British <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(United_Kingdom)" title="Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)">Foreign Secretary</a>. Generally, the premier of each state recommended a prospective governor to the foreign secretary, who almost always acted in accordance with that recommendation. However, in 1976 the Foreign Secretary refused to advise the Queen to extend extend the term of Sir <a href="/wiki/Colin_Hannah" title="Colin Hannah">Colin Hannah</a> as governor, as recommended by Queensland premier Sir <a href="/wiki/Joh_Bjelke-Petersen" title="Joh Bjelke-Petersen">Joh Bjelke-Petersen</a>, on the grounds of the governor's partisan comments on the federal Whitlam government.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, the Parliament of New South Wales passed the <i>Constitutional Powers (New South Wales) Act</i>, requesting that the Commonwealth Parliament legislate to address the constitutional anomaly of the United Kingdom Government's role in the constitutional affairs of the state. Eventually, identical <a href="/wiki/Australia_Act_1986" title="Australia Act 1986">Australia Acts</a> were passed by the Commonwealth Parliament and the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1986, thus removing what remaining authority London had over affairs in Canberra. Under section 7 of these Acts, the King now receives advice on the appointment and termination of appointments of state governors from the relevant state premier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_of_the_governors">Role of the governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Role of the governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_State_Governors_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Australian_State_Governors_rank_insignia.svg/80px-Australian_State_Governors_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Australian_State_Governors_rank_insignia.svg/120px-Australian_State_Governors_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Australian_State_Governors_rank_insignia.svg/160px-Australian_State_Governors_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a><figcaption>State governor's rank insignia<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>The role of state governor in modern times is broken down into constitutional, ceremonial and social responsibilities. Regarding constitutional practices, in most cases the governor observes the convention to act on the advice of the state's cabinet (and/or premier). Nevertheless, the state governors, like the governor-general, retain the full panoply of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve powers">reserve powers</a> of the Crown. This has been shown on two recent occasions. </p><p>In 1987 the Governor of Queensland, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Campbell_(judge)" title="Walter Campbell (judge)">Sir Walter Campbell</a>, refused to accept the advice of the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National Party</a> premier, <a href="/wiki/Joh_Bjelke-Petersen" title="Joh Bjelke-Petersen">Joh Bjelke-Petersen</a>, to dismiss five of his ministers and call fresh elections. Campbell believed that Bjelke-Petersen had lost the confidence of his own party and was behaving irrationally. He was also reluctant to call an election for a legislature that was barely a year old, and felt that the situation was a political rather than a constitutional matter. Bjelke-Petersen subsequently resigned. </p><p>In 1989 the Governor of Tasmania, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Bennett" title="Phillip Bennett">Sir Phillip Bennett</a>, refused to grant a fresh dissolution to the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a> premier, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Gray_(Australian_politician)" title="Robin Gray (Australian politician)">Robin Gray</a>, after Gray lost his majority in the recent election. Although no one party had a majority in the new House of Assembly, Bennett had already been assured that the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Greens" title="Tasmanian Greens">Tasmanian Greens</a> would support a minority Labor government under <a href="/wiki/Michael_Field_(politician)" title="Michael Field (politician)">Michael Field</a>. Bennett thus took the view that Gray no longer had enough support to govern and could not advise him to call a second election. Gray then resigned; Bennett then commissioned Field as premier. </p><p>In the event of a <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a>'s death, incapacity, removal, resignation or absence overseas, each of the state governors has a <a href="/wiki/Dormant_commission" title="Dormant commission">dormant commission</a> to become the <a href="/wiki/Administrator_(Australia)" title="Administrator (Australia)">Administrator of the Commonwealth</a>, that is, to take on the Governor-General's duties until he returns from overseas or a new appointment is made. The convention has been that the longest-serving state governor is appointed administrator. When <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hollingworth" title="Peter Hollingworth">Peter Hollingworth</a> resigned in May 2003, Sir <a href="/wiki/Guy_Green_(judge)" title="Guy Green (judge)">Guy Green</a>, Governor of Tasmania, took on that role, serving until Major-General <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jeffery_(Australian_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jeffery (Australian Army officer)">Michael Jeffery</a> took office in August 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lieutenant-governors_and_administrators">Lieutenant-governors and administrators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lieutenant-governors and administrators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A lieutenant-governor takes on the responsibilities of a governor when that post is vacant or when the governor is out of the state or unable to act. In some states the lieutenant governor is also the chief justice. An administrator takes on those duties if both the governor and lieutenant-governor are not able to act for the above reasons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Backgrounds_of_governors">Backgrounds of governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Backgrounds of governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1976, South Australia appointed <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Nicholls" title="Douglas Nicholls">Sir Douglas Nicholls</a> as the first (and, to date, the only) <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aborigine" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aborigine">Aboriginal</a> governor of an Australian state. Governors of non-Anglo-Australian background have been appointed in recent years. These include <a href="/wiki/Ken_Michael" title="Ken Michael">Ken Michael</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a>; Western Australia), Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Gobbo" title="James Gobbo">James Gobbo</a> (Italian; Victoria), <a href="/wiki/David_de_Kretser" title="David de Kretser">David de Kretser</a> (Sri Lankan/Ceylonese; Victoria), Dame <a href="/wiki/Marie_Bashir" title="Marie Bashir">Marie Bashir</a> (Lebanese; New South Wales), <a href="/wiki/Alex_Chernov" title="Alex Chernov">Alex Chernov</a> (Russian: Victoria), and <a href="/wiki/Hieu_Van_Le" title="Hieu Van Le">Hieu Van Le</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a>; South Australia). Sir <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Nathan" title="Matthew Nathan">Matthew Nathan</a>, Governor of Queensland from 1920 to 1925, was Australia's only Jewish governor until the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Linda_Dessau" title="Linda Dessau">Linda Dessau</a> as Governor of Victoria in 2015. </p><p>South Australia was also the first state to <a href="/wiki/List_of_female_state_governors_in_Australia" title="List of female state governors in Australia">appoint a woman as governor</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Roma_Mitchell" title="Roma Mitchell">Dame Roma Mitchell</a> took office in 1991. With the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Young" title="Jeannette Young">Jeannette Young</a> on 1 November 2021, Queensland currently has four female governors, more than any other state. Queensland is also the first state to have had two female governors in succession (<a href="/wiki/Penelope_Wensley" title="Penelope Wensley">Penelope Wensley</a> succeeded <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Quentin Bryce</a>), followed by Tasmania (<a href="/wiki/Kate_Warner" title="Kate Warner">Kate Warner</a> in 2014 and <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Baker" title="Barbara Baker">Barbara Baker</a> in 2021) and then Victoria in 2023. South Australia now has three female governors following the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Frances_Adamson" title="Frances Adamson">Frances Adamson</a> who was sworn in on 7 October 2021. With the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gardner" title="Margaret Gardner">Margaret Gardner</a> who was sworn in on 9 August 2023; New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria will have had two each whilst Western Australia has only one so far. The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, the only mainland territory to have an administrator, has had two female administrators (<a href="/wiki/Sally_Thomas" title="Sally Thomas">Sally Thomas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vicki_O%27Halloran" title="Vicki O'Halloran">Vicki O'Halloran</a>). Since 2021, every state Governor apart from that of Western Australia has been a woman. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Landy" title="John Landy">John Landy</a>, a former governor of Victoria, and <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Jackson-Nelson" title="Marjorie Jackson-Nelson">Marjorie Jackson-Nelson</a>, a former governor of South Australia, are former Australian Olympic medallists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_changes_and_prospects">Contemporary changes and prospects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Contemporary changes and prospects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> received self-government on 1 July 1978 under its own <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Administrator of the Northern Territory">administrator</a> appointed by the governor-general. The Commonwealth <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">prime minister</a>, not the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Chief Minister of the Northern Territory">Chief Minister of the Northern Territory</a>, advises the governor-general on the appointment of the administrator. </p><p>In the lead up to the <a href="/wiki/1999_Australian_republic_referendum" title="1999 Australian republic referendum">1999 republican referendum</a>, state governments were required to consider state links to the Crown and thus the validity of appointing the governor through the Queen. At a constitutional convention in <a href="/wiki/Gladstone,_Queensland" title="Gladstone, Queensland">Gladstone, Queensland</a>, the states indicated that, if the referendum was successful, governors should be appointed by the parliament,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> although agreement on the exact method of appointment was not reached. As the referendum failed, no state altered the appointment method. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_state_and_territory_governors">Current state and territory governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current state and territory governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_state_governors">Current state governors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current state governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Portrait</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Term </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beazley" title="Margaret Beazley">Margaret Beazley</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Beazley_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Margaret_Beazley_2018.jpg/60px-Margaret_Beazley_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Margaret_Beazley_2018.jpg/120px-Margaret_Beazley_2018.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="267" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales"><img alt="New South Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">Governor of New South Wales</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002019-05-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">2 May 2019</span><br />(<span data-sort-value="7003215600000000000♠"></span>5 years, 329 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Baker" title="Barbara Baker">Barbara Baker</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbara_Baker_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Barbara_Baker_2022.jpg/50px-Barbara_Baker_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Barbara_Baker_2022.jpg/75px-Barbara_Baker_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Barbara_Baker_2022.jpg/100px-Barbara_Baker_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1673" data-file-height="2231" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania"><img alt="Tasmania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tasmania" title="Governor of Tasmania">Governor of Tasmania</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-06-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">16 June 2021</span><br />(<span data-sort-value="7003138000000000000♠"></span>3 years, 284 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frances_Adamson" title="Frances Adamson">Frances Adamson</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances_Adamson_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Frances_Adamson_%281%29.jpg/50px-Frances_Adamson_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Frances_Adamson_%281%29.jpg/75px-Frances_Adamson_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Frances_Adamson_%281%29.jpg/100px-Frances_Adamson_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="2126" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia"><img alt="South Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_South_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_South_Australia.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">Governor of South Australia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-10-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">7 October 2021</span><br />(<span data-sort-value="7003126700000000000♠"></span>3 years, 171 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Young" title="Jeannette Young">Jeannette Young</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeannette_Young,_Chief_Health_Officer,_Queensland_Government,_2020_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Jeannette_Young%2C_Chief_Health_Officer%2C_Queensland_Government%2C_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/50px-Jeannette_Young%2C_Chief_Health_Officer%2C_Queensland_Government%2C_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Jeannette_Young%2C_Chief_Health_Officer%2C_Queensland_Government%2C_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Jeannette_Young%2C_Chief_Health_Officer%2C_Queensland_Government%2C_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Jeannette_Young%2C_Chief_Health_Officer%2C_Queensland_Government%2C_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Jeannette_Young%2C_Chief_Health_Officer%2C_Queensland_Government%2C_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland"><img alt="Queensland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Queensland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Queensland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Queensland.svg/60px-Flag_of_Queensland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Queensland" title="Governor of Queensland">Governor of Queensland</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-11-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 November 2021</span><br />(<span data-sort-value="7003124200000000000♠"></span>3 years, 146 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dawson_(governor)" title="Chris Dawson (governor)">Chris Dawson</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chris_Dawson_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chris_Dawson_2022.jpg/60px-Chris_Dawson_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chris_Dawson_2022.jpg/120px-Chris_Dawson_2022.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia"><img alt="Western Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Western_Australia" title="Governor of Western Australia">Governor of Western Australia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-07-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 July 2022</span><br />(<span data-sort-value="7002986000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 255 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gardner" title="Margaret Gardner">Margaret Gardner</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Gardner_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Margaret_Gardner_2017.jpg/60px-Margaret_Gardner_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Margaret_Gardner_2017.jpg/120px-Margaret_Gardner_2017.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1621" data-file-height="2465" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)"><img alt="Victoria (state)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">Governor of Victoria</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-08-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 August 2023</span><br />(<span data-sort-value="7002596000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 230 days) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_administrators_of_the_territories">Current administrators of the territories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Current administrators of the territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Portrait</th> <th>Region</th> <th>Term</th> <th>Title </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Plant_(public_servant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Plant (public servant) (page does not exist)">George Plant</a></td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island"><img alt="Norfolk Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></span> Norfolk Island</td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-06-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 June 2023</span><br />(<span data-sort-value="7002665000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 299 days)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_heads_of_Norfolk_Island" title="List of administrative heads of Norfolk Island">Administrator of Norfolk Island</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Heggie" title="Hugh Heggie">Hugh Heggie</a></td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory"><img alt="Northern Territory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_the_Northern_Territory.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_the_Northern_Territory.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Northern Territory</td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-02-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">2 February 2023</span><br />(<span data-sort-value="7002784000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 53 days)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Administrator of the Northern Territory">Administrator of the Northern Territory</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Farzian_Zainal" title="Farzian Zainal">Farzian Zainal</a></td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island"><img alt="Christmas Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> Christmas Island<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands"><img alt="Cocos (Keeling) Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> Cocos (Keeling) Islands</td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-06-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 June 2023</span><br />(<span data-sort-value="7002647000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 281 days)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Administrator of Australian Indian Ocean Territories</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/32px-British_Empire_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/48px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/64px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="849" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:British_Empire" title="Portal:British Empire">British Empire portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/122422778">"Irishman Victorian Governor"</a>. <i>The Canberra Times</i>. 24 December 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Irishman+Victorian+Governor&rft.date=1985-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F122422778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernors+of+the+Australian+states" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/122422778">"Dr Davis McCaughey, Victorian Governor-designate"</a>. <i>The Canberra Times</i>. 25 January 1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Dr+Davis+McCaughey%2C+Victorian+Governor-designate&rft.date=1986-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F122422778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernors+of+the+Australian+states" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTwomey2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Twomey_(academic)" title="Anne Twomey (academic)">Twomey, Anne</a> (1 March 2018). "Chapter 4: Independence". In Saunders, C; Stone, A (eds.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of the Australian Constitution</i>. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">167–</span>168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191058318" title="Special:BookSources/9780191058318"><bdi>9780191058318</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Independence&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+Australian+Constitution&rft.place=New+York%2C+USA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E167-%3C%2Fspan%3E168&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft.isbn=9780191058318&rft.aulast=Twomey&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernors+of+the+Australian+states" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTwomey2006" class="citation book cs1">Twomey, Anne (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chameleoncrownqu0000twom"><i>The chameleon crown: the Queen and her Australian governors</i></a>. Annandale, N.S.W: The Federation Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">62–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-629-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-629-3"><bdi>978-1-86287-629-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+chameleon+crown%3A+the+Queen+and+her+Australian+governors&rft.place=Annandale%2C+N.S.W&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.pub=The+Federation+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86287-629-3&rft.aulast=Twomey&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchameleoncrownqu0000twom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernors+of+the+Australian+states" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403033245/http://www.army.gov.au/~/media/Files/Army%20Dress%20Manual/Chapters%20and%20complete%20version/Chapter%204%20%20Badges%20and%20Emblems%20Combined%2006%20Jun%2014.pdf">"Chapter 4: Badges and Emblems"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Army Dress Manual</i>. Canberra: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a>. 6 June 2014. p. 4H1–1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.gov.au/~/media/Files/Army%20Dress%20Manual/Chapters%20and%20complete%20version/Chapter%204%20%20Badges%20and%20Emblems%20Combined%2006%20Jun%2014.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Army+Dress+Manual&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Badges+and+Emblems&rft.pages=4H1-1&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.gov.au%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FArmy%2520Dress%2520Manual%2FChapters%2520and%2520complete%2520version%2FChapter%25204%2520%2520Badges%2520and%2520Emblems%2520Combined%252006%2520Jun%252014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernors+of+the+Australian+states" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style 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href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Bahamas" title="Governor-General of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Belize" title="Governor-General of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Grenada" title="Governor-General of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Jamaica" title="Governor-General of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Governor-General of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Governor-General of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Tuvalu" title="Governor-General of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-national</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australian state governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Queensland" title="Governor of Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tasmania" title="Governor of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Western_Australia" title="Governor of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant governor (Canada)">Canadian lieutenant governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_British_Columbia" title="Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia"> British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Manitoba" title="Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Brunswick" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Representative" title="King's Representative">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Guernsey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Jersey">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Anguilla" title="Governor of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_the_British_Antarctic_Territory" title="Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Governor of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Governor of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montserrat" title="Governor of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pitcairn" title="Governor of Pitcairn">Pitcairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Saint_Helena" title="Governor of Saint Helena">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other viceregal representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lord-lieutenant" title="Lord-lieutenant">United Kingdom lieutenancy areas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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state of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Malawi#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Malta" title="Governor-General of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Mauritius" title="Governor-General of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria#Governor-General" class="mw-redirect" title="List of heads of state of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Sierra_Leone#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Tanzania#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Australia" title="Template:Politics of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Politics of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Australia253" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Politics of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Shadow_cabinet_of_Australia" title="Shadow cabinet of Australia">Shadow Cabinet</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)">Federal Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanese_ministry" title="Albanese ministry">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Australia" title="Foreign relations of Australia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Australia)">Opposition Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia" title="Judiciary of Australia">Lower Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_Adoption_Act_1942" title="Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942">Statute of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_Act_1986" title="Australia Act 1986">Australia Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Australia" title="Electoral system of Australia">Electoral system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Australia" title="Elections in Australia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_federal_by-elections" title="List of Australian federal by-elections">By-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Australia" title="Referendums in Australia">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Australian_elections" title="Timeline of Australian elections">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">State/territory <br /> governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Governors and Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiers_and_chief_ministers_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Premiers and chief ministers of the Australian states and territories">Premiers and Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliaments_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Parliaments of the Australian states and territories">Parliaments and Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Australia)" title="Opposition (Australia)">State and Territory Shadow Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_South_Wales" title="Government of New South Wales">NSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_State_Government" title="Victoria State Government">Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_Government" title="Queensland Government">Qld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Western_Australia" title="Government of Western Australia">WA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Australia" title="Government of South Australia">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Government" title="Tasmanian Government">Tas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Government of the Australian Capital Territory">ACT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory_Government" title="Northern Territory Government">NT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia" title="Local government in Australia">Local <br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_South_Wales" title="Local government in New South Wales">New South Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_New_South_Wales" title="Local government areas of New South Wales">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Northern_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Local government areas of the Northern Territory">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Queensland" title="Local government in Queensland">Queensland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Queensland" title="Local government areas of Queensland">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in South Australia">South Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_South_Australia" title="Local government areas of South Australia">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Tasmania">Tasmania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Local government areas of Tasmania">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Victoria" title="Local government in Victoria">Victoria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Victoria" title="Local government areas of Victoria">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Western Australia">Western Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Western_Australia" title="Local government areas of Western Australia">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of political parties in Australia">Political <br />parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_National_Party_of_Queensland" title="Liberal National Party of Queensland">Liberal National</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_Liberal_Party" title="Country Liberal Party">Country Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Alliance" title="Centre Alliance">Centre Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katter%27s_Australian_Party" title="Katter's Australian Party">Katter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqui_Lambie_Network" title="Jacqui Lambie Network">Lambie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Hanson%27s_One_Nation" title="Pauline Hanson's One Nation">One Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Australia_Party_(2013)" title="United Australia Party (2013)">UAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia#Federal_non-parliamentary_parties" title="List of political parties in Australia">Other parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of historical political parties in Australia">Historical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political <br />terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battler_(underdog)" title="Battler (underdog)">Battlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjelkemander" title="Bjelkemander">Bjelkemander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_stacking" title="Branch stacking">Branch stacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_vacancies_in_the_Australian_Parliament" title="Casual vacancies in the Australian Parliament">Casual vacancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucus_revolt" title="Caucus revolt">Caucus revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne_socialist#_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Champagne socialist">Chardonnay socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_parliament" title="Contempt of parliament">Contempt of parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despatch_box" title="Despatch box">Despatch box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_vote" title="Donkey vote">Donkey vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Dixer" title="Dorothy Dixer">Dorothy Dixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_dissolution" title="Double dissolution">Double dissolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faceless_men" title="Faceless men">Faceless men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_People" title="The Forgotten People">Forgotten People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_voting_ticket" title="Group voting ticket">Group voting ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardworking_Families" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardworking Families">Hardworking Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How-to-vote_card" title="How-to-vote card">How-to-vote card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians_in_Australia" title="Independent politicians in Australia">Independent politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirribilli_agreement" title="Kirribilli agreement">Kirribilli agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langer_vote" title="Langer vote">Langer vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_spill" title="Leadership spill">Leadership spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_belt" title="Mortgage belt">Mortgage belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_secretary" title="Parliamentary secretary">Parliamentary secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playmander" title="Playmander">Playmander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_test" title="Pub test">Pub test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_quiet_Australians" title="The quiet Australians">Quiet Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Responsible government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_family" title="Working family">Working Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worm_(marketing)" title="Worm (marketing)">Worm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Convicts_in_Australia678" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Convicts_in_Australia" title="Template:Convicts in Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Convicts_in_Australia" title="Template talk:Convicts in Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Convicts_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Convicts in Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Convicts_in_Australia678" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">Convicts in Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convict_assignment" title="Convict assignment">Assignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_Day" title="Australia Day">Australia Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipist" title="Emancipist">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_factory" title="Female factory">Female factories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_freedom" title="Certificate of freedom">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia" title="History of Australia">History of Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">1788–1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Holland_(Australia)" title="New Holland (Australia)">New Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_women_in_Australia" title="Convict women in Australia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_penal_colonies" title="List of Australian penal colonies">Penal colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cockatoo_Island" title="Cockatoo Island">Cockatoo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosehill,_New_South_Wales" title="Rosehill, New South Wales">Rosehill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Cove" title="Sydney Cove">Sydney Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreton_Bay" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcliffe,_Queensland" title="Redcliffe, Queensland">Redcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Island" title="Maria Island">Maria Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" title="Port Arthur, Tasmania">Port Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Tasmania" title="Richmond, Tasmania">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risdon_Cove" title="Risdon Cove">Risdon Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Harbour_Penal_Station" title="Macquarie Harbour Penal Station">Macquarie Harbour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Convicts_on_the_West_Coast_of_Tasmania" title="Convicts on the West Coast of Tasmania">History</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Norfolk_Island" title="History of Norfolk Island">History</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltwater_River,_Tasmania" title="Saltwater River, Tasmania">Saltwater River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivans_Cove" title="Sullivans Cove">Sullivans Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_era_of_Western_Australia" title="Convict era of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Fleet" title="First Fleet">First Fleet</a> (1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fleet_(Australia)" title="Second Fleet (Australia)">Second Fleet</a> (1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Fleet_(Australia)" title="Third Fleet (Australia)">Third Fleet</a> (1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Shore_(1794_ship)#Mutiny" title="Lady Shore (1794 ship)"><i>Lady Shore</i> mutiny</a> (1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_convict_rebellion" title="Castle Hill convict rebellion">Castle Hill Rebellion</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Rebellion" title="Rum Rebellion">Rum Rebellion</a> (1808)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu_(1812_ship)" title="Emu (1812 ship)">Capture of the brig <i>Emu</i></a> (1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(1806_Chittagong_ship)" title="Argo (1806 Chittagong ship)"><i>Argo</i> disappearance</a> (1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island_convict_mutinies" title="Norfolk Island convict mutinies">Norfolk Island mutinies</a> (1826–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_mutiny" title="Cyprus mutiny"><i>Cyprus</i> mutiny</a> (1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathurst_Rebellion" title="Bathurst Rebellion">Bathurst Rebellion</a> (1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badger_escape" title="Badger escape"><i>Badger</i> escape</a> (1833)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_escape" title="Frederick escape"><i>Frederick</i> escape</a> (1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_III_(ship)" title="George III (ship)">Wreck of the <i>George III</i></a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hive_shipwreck" title="Hive shipwreck">Wreck of the <i>Hive</i></a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neva_(1813_ship)" title="Neva (1813 ship)">Wreck of the <i>Neva</i></a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_Pot_Uprising" title="Cooking Pot Uprising">Cooking Pot Uprising</a> (1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalpa_rescue" title="Catalpa rescue">Catalpa rescue</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australasian_Anti-Transportation_League" title="Australasian Anti-Transportation League">Anti-Transportation League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Convict_ship" title="Convict ship">Convict ships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Fleet" title="First Fleet">First Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fleet_(Australia)" title="Second Fleet (Australia)">Second Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Fleet_(Australia)" title="Third Fleet (Australia)">Third Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_ships_to_New_South_Wales" title="Convict ships to New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_ships_to_Norfolk_Island" title="Convict ships to Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_ships_to_Tasmania" title="Convict ships to Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_convict_ship_voyages_to_Western_Australia" title="List of convict ship voyages to Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Governors</a> and<br />commandants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Arthur,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet">Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">Bligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bourke" title="Richard Bourke">Bourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brisbane" title="Thomas Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Collins_(lieutenant_governor)" title="David Collins (lieutenant governor)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Darling" title="Ralph Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Davey_(governor)" title="Thomas Davey (governor)">Davey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Denison" title="William Denison">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Eardley-Wilmot,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, 1st Baronet">Eardley-Wilmot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gipps" title="George Gipps">Gipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunter_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Hunter (Royal Navy officer)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Johnston_(British_Marines_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Johnston (British Marines officer)">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Gidley_King" title="Philip Gidley King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Logan" title="Patrick Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachlan_Macquarie" title="Lachlan Macquarie">Macquarie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paterson_(explorer)" title="William Paterson (explorer)">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Phillip" title="Arthur Phillip">Phillip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sorell" title="William Sorell">Sorell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_convicts_transported_to_Australia" title="List of convicts transported to Australia">Notable convicts</a><br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">and personnel</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surgeons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bland" title="William Bland">William Bland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bowes_Smyth" title="Arthur Bowes Smyth">Arthur Bowes Smyth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Redfern" title="William Redfern">William Redfern</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%27Arcy_Wentworth" title="D'Arcy Wentworth">D'Arcy Wentworth</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entrepreneurs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Barratt" title="Enoch Barratt">Enoch Barratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Connor" title="Daniel Connor">Daniel Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cooper_(convict_and_merchant)" title="Daniel Cooper (convict and merchant)">Daniel Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(publisher)" title="John Davies (publisher)">John Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Field_(Australian_pastoralist)" title="William Field (Australian pastoralist)">William Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hutchinson_(superintendent)" title="William Hutchinson (superintendent)">William Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hyde" title="Mary Hyde">Mary Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kable" title="Henry Kable">Henry Kable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Levey" title="Solomon Levey">Solomon Levey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Lord" title="Simeon Lord">Simeon Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Reibey" title="Mary Reibey">Mary Reibey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sidaway" title="Robert Sidaway">Robert Sidaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Squire" title="James Squire">James Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tawell" title="John Tawell">John Tawell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Terry" title="Samuel Terry">Samuel Terry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Blackburn_(architect)" title="James Blackburn (architect)">James Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Greenway" title="Francis Greenway">Francis Greenway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bushranger" title="Bushranger">Bushrangers</a><br />and escapees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Badger" title="Charlotte Badger">Charlotte Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Brady" title="Matthew Brady">Matthew Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bryant" title="Mary Bryant">Mary Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bryant_(convict)" title="William Bryant (convict)">William Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Buckley_(convict)" title="William Buckley (convict)">William Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moondyne_Joe" title="Moondyne Joe">Moondyne Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Caesar" title="John Caesar">John Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Cash" title="Martin Cash">Martin Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Chopin" title="William Chopin">William Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howe_(bushranger)" title="Michael Howe (bushranger)">Michael Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kavenagh" title="Lawrence Kavenagh">Lawrence Kavenagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mitchel" title="John Mitchel">John Mitchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Muir_of_Huntershill" title="Thomas Muir of Huntershill">Thomas Muir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boyle_O%27Reilly" title="John Boyle O'Reilly">John Boyle O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pearce" title="Alexander Pearce">Alexander Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westwood_(bushranger)" title="William Westwood (bushranger)">William Westwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Backler" title="Joseph Backler">Joseph Backler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bock" title="Thomas Bock">Thomas Bock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Browne_(painter)" title="Richard Browne (painter)">Richard Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Bull" title="Knud Bull">Knud Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Edgar" title="Edmund Edgar">Edmund Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eyre_(painter)" title="John Eyre (painter)">John Eyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Buelow_Gould" title="William Buelow Gould">William Buelow Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lycett" title="Joseph Lycett">Joseph Lycett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rodius" title="Charles Rodius">Charles Rodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Griffiths_Wainewright" title="Thomas Griffiths Wainewright">Thomas Griffiths Wainewright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Watling" title="Thomas Watling">Thomas Watling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Walsh_(convict)" title="James Walsh (convict)">James Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cuffay" title="William Cuffay">William Cuffay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Groom" title="William Henry Groom">William Henry Groom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Izod_O%27Doherty" title="Kevin Izod O'Doherty">Kevin Izod O'Doherty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chroniclers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Cashman" title="Denis Cashman">Denis Cashman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Catchpole" title="Margaret Catchpole">Margaret Catchpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_the_Poet" title="Frank the Poet">Frank the Poet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Savery" title="Henry Savery">Henry Savery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hardy_Vaux" title="James Hardy Vaux">James Hardy Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Acton_Wroth" title="John Acton Wroth">John Acton Wroth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Baxter_(explorer)" title="John Baxter (explorer)">John Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Meehan_(surveyor)" title="James Meehan (surveyor)">James Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wild" title="Joseph Wild">Joseph Wild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />convicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Abrahams" title="Esther Abrahams">Esther Abrahams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baughan" title="John Baughan">John Baughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bloodsworth" title="James Bloodsworth">James Bloodsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Blue" title="Billy Blue">Billy Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cadman_(convict)" title="John Cadman (convict)">John Cadman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Callaghan" title="Elizabeth Callaghan">Elizabeth Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Dawson" title="Margaret Dawson">Margaret Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Hynes_Halloran" title="Laurence Hynes Halloran">Laurence Hynes Halloran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Jeffrey" title="Mark Jeffrey">Mark Jeffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Jørgen Jørgensen">Jørgen Jørgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_O%27Brien" title="William Smith O'Brien">William Smith O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Palin" title="Robert Palin">Robert Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Nichols" title="Isaac Nichols">Isaac Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Potaski" title="Joseph Potaski">Joseph Potaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ruse" title="James Ruse">James Ruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Thackery" title="Elizabeth Thackery">Elizabeth Thackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wade" title="Mary Wade">Mary Wade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_ballads" title="Transportation ballads">Transportation ballads</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay_(song)" title="Botany Bay (song)">Botany Bay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moreton_Bay_(song)" title="Moreton Bay (song)">Moreton Bay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones_at_Botany_Bay" title="Jim Jones at Botany Bay">Jim Jones at Botany Bay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land_(folk_song)" title="Van Diemen's Land (folk song)">Van Diemen's Land</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life_(1908_film)" title="For the Term of His Natural Life (1908 film)">For the Term of His Natural Life</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Assigned_Servant" title="The Assigned Servant">The Assigned Servant</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Never_Too_Late_to_Mend_(1911_film)" title="It Is Never Too Late to Mend (1911 film)">It Is Never Too Late to Mend</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Outlaw" title="The Lady Outlaw">The Lady Outlaw</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Rufus_Dawes" title="The Life of Rufus Dawes">The Life of Rufus Dawes</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mark_of_the_Lash" title="The Mark of the Lash">The Mark of the Lash</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Hundred_Years_Ago" title="One Hundred Years Ago">One Hundred Years Ago</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Romantic_Story_of_Margaret_Catchpole" title="The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole">The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sentenced_for_Life_(1911_film)" title="Sentenced for Life (1911 film)">Sentenced for Life</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moondyne#1913_film" title="Moondyne">Moondyne</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transported" title="Transported">Transported</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tenth_Straw" title="The Tenth Straw">The Tenth Straw</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life_(1927_film)" title="For the Term of His Natural Life (1927 film)">For the Term of His Natural Life</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_New_Shores" title="To New Shores">To New Shores</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Sky_at_Morning_(1944_film)" title="Red Sky at Morning (1944 film)">Red Sky at Morning</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Under_Capricorn" title="Under Capricorn">Under Capricorn</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay_(film)" title="Botany Bay (film)">Botany Bay</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_Woman" title="Adam's Woman">Adam's Woman</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_Among_Women" title="Journey Among Women">Journey Among Women</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Confession_of_Alexander_Pearce" title="The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce">The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land_(film)" title="Van Diemen's Land (film)"> Van Diemen's Land</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nightingale_(2018_film)" title="The Nightingale (2018 film)">The Nightingale</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Makes_Sunday" title="The Devil Makes Sunday">The Devil Makes Sunday</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Makes_Sunday_(1962_film)" title="The Devil Makes Sunday (1962 film)">The Devil Makes Sunday</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Against_the_Wind_(miniseries)" title="Against the Wind (miniseries)">Against the Wind</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sara_Dane" title="Sara Dane">Sara Dane</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life_(miniseries)" title="For the Term of His Natural Life (miniseries)">For the Term of His Natural Life</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Journey_of_Mary_Bryant" title="The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant">The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Banished_(TV_series)" title="Banished (TV series)">Banished</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_River_(TV_series)" title="The Secret River (TV series)">The Secret River</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_First_Fleet" title="Journals of the First Fleet">Journals of the First Fleet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Never_Too_Late_to_Mend_(novel)" title="It Is Never Too Late to Mend (novel)">It's Never Too Late to Mend</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Broad_Arrow" title="The Broad Arrow">The Broad Arrow</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Expectations" title="Great Expectations">Great Expectations</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Goose" title="The Wild Goose">The Wild Goose</a></i> (1867)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life" title="For the Term of His Natural Life">For the Term of His Natural Life</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moondyne" title="Moondyne">Moondyne</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bring_Larks_and_Heroes" title="Bring Larks and Heroes">Bring Larks and Heroes</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fringe_of_Leaves" title="A Fringe of Leaves">A Fringe of Leaves</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Playmaker_(novel)" title="The Playmaker (novel)">The Playmaker</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Remembering_Babylon" title="Remembering Babylon">Remembering Babylon</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Potato_Factory" title="The Potato Factory">The Potato Factory</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_Maggs" title="Jack Maggs">Jack Maggs</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gould%27s_Book_of_Fish" title="Gould's Book of Fish">Gould's Book of Fish</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_River" title="The Secret River">The Secret River</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lieutenant_(novel)" title="The Lieutenant (novel)">The Lieutenant</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parrot_and_Olivier_in_America" title="Parrot and Olivier in America">Parrot and Olivier in America</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Transports" title="The Transports">The Transports</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Country%27s_Good" title="Our Country's Good">Our Country's Good</a></i> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Medal" title="Charlotte Medal">Charlotte Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson_Painter" title="Port Jackson Painter">Port Jackson Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajah_Quilt" title="Rajah Quilt">Rajah Quilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_punchbowls" title="Sydney punchbowls">Sydney punchbowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_twenty-dollar_note" title="Australian twenty-dollar note">Twenty Dollar Note</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Convict_Sites" title="Australian Convict Sites">Australian<br />Convict Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brickendon_Estate" title="Brickendon Estate">Brickendon Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmans_Cottage" title="Cadmans Cottage">Cadmans Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascades_Female_Factory" title="Cascades Female Factory">Cascades Female Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Mines_Historic_Site" title="Coal Mines Historic Site">Coal Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissariat_Store,_Brisbane" title="Commissariat Store, Brisbane">Commissariat Store, Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Probation_Station" title="Darlington Probation Station">Darlington Probation Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Farm" title="Elizabeth Farm">Elizabeth Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experiment_Farm_Cottage" title="Experiment Farm Cottage">Experiment Farm Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremantle_Prison" title="Fremantle Prison">Fremantle Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_North_Road_(New_South_Wales)" title="Great North Road (New South Wales)">Great North Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Barracks,_Sydney" title="Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney">Hyde Park Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_and_Arthur%27s_Vale_Historic_Area" title="Kingston and Arthur's Vale Historic Area">Kingston and Arthur's Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennox_Bridge,_Parramatta" title="Lennox Bridge, Parramatta">Lennox Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Parramatta" title="Old Government House, Parramatta">Old Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parramatta_Female_Factory" title="Parramatta Female Factory">Parramatta Female Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" title="Port Arthur, Tasmania">Port Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Bridge_(Tasmania)" title="Richmond Bridge (Tasmania)">Richmond Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Gaol" title="Richmond Gaol">Richmond Gaol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Female_Factory" title="Ross Female Factory">Ross Female Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Windmill,_Brisbane" title="The Old Windmill, Brisbane">The Old Windmill, Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaucluse_House" title="Vaucluse House">Vaucluse House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolmers_Estate" title="Woolmers Estate">Woolmers Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&oldid=1277118226">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governors_of_the_Australian_states&oldid=1277118226</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Viceroys_in_Australia" 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