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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reproductive_anatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproductive_anatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Reproductive anatomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproductive_anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misconceptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misconceptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Misconceptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misconceptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Management-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Management subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beef_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beef_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Beef production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beef_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperament_and_handling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperament_and_handling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Temperament and handling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperament_and_handling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Handling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_insemination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_insemination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Artificial insemination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_insemination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Relationship with humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significance_in_human_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significance_in_human_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Significance in human culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significance_in_human_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bull</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ثور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96k%C3%BCz" title="Öküz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Öküz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC" title="ষাঁড় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ষাঁড়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarv" title="Tarv – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tarv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhuru" title="Bhuru – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhuru" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull" title="Pull – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pull" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toro" title="Toro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Toro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virbovo" title="Virbovo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Virbovo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zezen" title="Zezen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zezen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%B1" title="گاو نر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاو نر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taureau" title="Taureau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taureau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbh" title="Tarbh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tarbh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbh" title="Tarbh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tarbh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%86%8C" title="황소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="황소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ցուլեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցուլեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="सांड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सांड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Гал – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гал" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkunzi" title="Inkunzi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inkunzi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8_(%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8)" title="פר (זכר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פר (זכר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF" title="ಗೂಳಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗೂಳಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="კურო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კურო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AF" title="دانٛد – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="دانٛد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%B1%D2%9B%D0%B0" title="Бұқа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бұқа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toro" title="Toro – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Toro" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%82" title="वळू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वळू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="جونیکا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جونیکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stier_(rund)" title="Stier (rund) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stier (rund)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolle" title="Bolle – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bolle" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A2%E0%A5%87" title="साँढे – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साँढे" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%81" title="द्वहँ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="द्वहँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taure" title="Taure – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taure" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buqa" title="Buqa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buqa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A2%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਢੱਠਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਢੱਠਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A9r" title="Toér – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Toér" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhaj" title="Buhaj – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Buhaj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boi" title="Boi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Boi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taur" title="Taur – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Taur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuwru" title="Tuwru – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tuwru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/hukang" title="hukang – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="hukang" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kau" title="Kau – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kau" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0uru" title="Tàuru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tàuru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull" title="Bull – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bull" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8D%DA%B3%D9%88" title="ڍڳو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڍڳو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bik" title="Bik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjur" title="Tjur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88" title="காளை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காளை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about male cattle. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bull_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bull (disambiguation)">Bull (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Friesian_Bull,_Llandeilo_Graban_-_geograph.org.uk_-_579885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/A_Friesian_Bull%2C_Llandeilo_Graban_-_geograph.org.uk_-_579885.jpg/220px-A_Friesian_Bull%2C_Llandeilo_Graban_-_geograph.org.uk_-_579885.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/A_Friesian_Bull%2C_Llandeilo_Graban_-_geograph.org.uk_-_579885.jpg/330px-A_Friesian_Bull%2C_Llandeilo_Graban_-_geograph.org.uk_-_579885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/A_Friesian_Bull%2C_Llandeilo_Graban_-_geograph.org.uk_-_579885.jpg/440px-A_Friesian_Bull%2C_Llandeilo_Graban_-_geograph.org.uk_-_579885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Holstein_Friesian" title="Holstein Friesian">Holstein Friesian</a> bull</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taureau_charolais_au_pr%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Taureau_charolais_au_pr%C3%A9.jpg/250px-Taureau_charolais_au_pr%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Taureau_charolais_au_pr%C3%A9.jpg/330px-Taureau_charolais_au_pr%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Taureau_charolais_au_pr%C3%A9.jpg/500px-Taureau_charolais_au_pr%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Charolais_cattle" title="Charolais cattle">Charolais</a> bull</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>bull</b> is an intact (i.e., not <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">castrated</a>) adult <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">male</a> of the species <i>Bos taurus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol <a href="/wiki/Cattle_in_religion_and_mythology" title="Cattle in religion and mythology">in many religions</a>, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">dairy farming</a>, and a variety of sporting and cultural activities, including <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">bullfighting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bull_riding" title="Bull riding">bull riding</a>. </p><p>Due to their temperament, handling of bulls requires precautions.<sup id="cite_ref-BeCareful1902_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeCareful1902-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_names" title="List of animal names">List of animal names</a></div> <p>The female counterpart to a bull is a <a href="/wiki/Cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow">cow</a>, while a male of the species that has been <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castrated</a> is a <i>steer</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oxen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxen">ox</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>bullock</i>, although in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, this last term refers to a young bull.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Use of these terms varies considerably with area and dialect. Colloquially, people unfamiliar with cattle may also refer to steers and heifers as "cows", and bovines of aggressive or long-horned breeds as "bulls" regardless of sex. </p><p>A wild, young, unmarked bull is known as a <i>micky</i> in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Coupe_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coupe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Improper or late castration on a bull results in him becoming a <i>coarse steer</i>, also known as a <i>stag</i> in Australia, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some countries, an incompletely castrated male is known also as a <i>rig</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Ridgling" title="Ridgling">ridgling</a></i>. </p><p>The word "bull" also denotes the males of other <a href="/wiki/Bovines" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovines">bovines</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">water buffalo</a>, as well as many other species of large animals, including <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhino" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhino">rhinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals and walruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippo">hippos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">giraffes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antelope" title="Antelope">antelopes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cattle_Leve%C3%A4kari_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Cattle_Leve%C3%A4kari_6.jpg/250px-Cattle_Leve%C3%A4kari_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Cattle_Leve%C3%A4kari_6.jpg/330px-Cattle_Leve%C3%A4kari_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Cattle_Leve%C3%A4kari_6.jpg/500px-Cattle_Leve%C3%A4kari_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5300" data-file-height="3095" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Highland_cattle" title="Highland cattle">Scottish Highland</a> bull</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulls are much more muscular than cows, with thicker bones, larger feet, a very muscular neck, and a large, bony head with protective ridges over the eyes. These features assist bulls in fighting for domination over a herd, giving the winner superior access to cows for reproduction.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hair is generally shorter on the body, but the neck and head often have a "mane" of curlier, wooly hair. Bulls are usually about the same height as cows or a little taller, but because of the additional muscle and bone mass, they often weigh far more. Most of the time, a bull has a hump on his shoulders.<sup id="cite_ref-farmanddairy_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farmanddairy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In horned cattle, the <a href="/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)" title="Horn (anatomy)">horns</a> of bulls tend to be thicker and somewhat shorter than those of cows,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in many breeds, they curve outwards in a flat arc rather than upwards in a lyre shape. It is not true, as is commonly believed, that bulls have horns and cows do not: the presence of horns depends on the breed, or in horned breeds on whether the horns have been <a href="/wiki/Livestock_dehorning" title="Livestock dehorning">disbudded</a>. (It is true, however, that in many breeds of <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a> only the males have horns.) Cattle that naturally do not have horns are referred to as <a href="/wiki/Polled_livestock" title="Polled livestock">polled</a>, or muleys.<sup id="cite_ref-Muley_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Castrated male cattle are physically similar to females in build and horn shape, although if allowed to reach maturity, they may be considerably taller than either bulls or cows, with heavily muscled shoulders and necks.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproductive_anatomy">Reproductive anatomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reproductive anatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cattle#Anatomy" title="Cattle">Anatomy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Animal_castration_-_a_book_for_the_use_of_students_and_practitioners_(1914)_(14597296668).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Animal_castration_-_a_book_for_the_use_of_students_and_practitioners_%281914%29_%2814597296668%29.jpg/120px-Animal_castration_-_a_book_for_the_use_of_students_and_practitioners_%281914%29_%2814597296668%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Animal_castration_-_a_book_for_the_use_of_students_and_practitioners_%281914%29_%2814597296668%29.jpg/250px-Animal_castration_-_a_book_for_the_use_of_students_and_practitioners_%281914%29_%2814597296668%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1940" data-file-height="2388" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:101px;max-width:101px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_anatomy_of_the_domestic_animals_(1914)_(18191830302).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/The_anatomy_of_the_domestic_animals_%281914%29_%2818191830302%29.jpg/120px-The_anatomy_of_the_domestic_animals_%281914%29_%2818191830302%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/The_anatomy_of_the_domestic_animals_%281914%29_%2818191830302%29.jpg/250px-The_anatomy_of_the_domestic_animals_%281914%29_%2818191830302%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1496" data-file-height="1580" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_anatomy_of_the_domestic_animals_(1914)_(18195445165).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_anatomy_of_the_domestic_animals_%281914%29_%2818195445165%29.jpg/250px-The_anatomy_of_the_domestic_animals_%281914%29_%2818195445165%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_anatomy_of_the_domestic_animals_%281914%29_%2818195445165%29.jpg/330px-The_anatomy_of_the_domestic_animals_%281914%29_%2818195445165%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="928" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:55px;max-width:55px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_comparative_anatomy_of_the_domesticated_animals_(1908)_(20676871591).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/The_comparative_anatomy_of_the_domesticated_animals_%281908%29_%2820676871591%29.jpg/60px-The_comparative_anatomy_of_the_domesticated_animals_%281908%29_%2820676871591%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="53" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/The_comparative_anatomy_of_the_domesticated_animals_%281908%29_%2820676871591%29.jpg/120px-The_comparative_anatomy_of_the_domesticated_animals_%281908%29_%2820676871591%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1490" data-file-height="2294" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:81px;max-width:81px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bos_Taurus_Male_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bos_Taurus_Male_2.svg/79px-Bos_Taurus_Male_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bos_Taurus_Male_2.svg/119px-Bos_Taurus_Male_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bos_Taurus_Male_2.svg/158px-Bos_Taurus_Male_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:09918jfMacArthur_Cattle_Halls_San_Julian_Santa_Maria_Moncada_Tarlacfvf_20.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/09918jfMacArthur_Cattle_Halls_San_Julian_Santa_Maria_Moncada_Tarlacfvf_20.JPG/120px-09918jfMacArthur_Cattle_Halls_San_Julian_Santa_Maria_Moncada_Tarlacfvf_20.JPG" decoding="async" width="105" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/09918jfMacArthur_Cattle_Halls_San_Julian_Santa_Maria_Moncada_Tarlacfvf_20.JPG/250px-09918jfMacArthur_Cattle_Halls_San_Julian_Santa_Maria_Moncada_Tarlacfvf_20.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Genitourinary_system" title="Genitourinary system">Genitourinary system</a> of the bull</div></div></div></div> <p>Bulls become fertile around seven months of age. Their fertility is closely related to the size of their <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testicles</a>, and one simple test of fertility is to measure the circumference of the scrotum; a young bull is likely to be fertile once this reaches 28 centimetres (11 in); that of a fully adult bull may be over 40 centimetres (16 in).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulls have a fibroelastic penis. Given the small amount of erectile tissue, little enlargement occurs after erection. The penis is quite rigid when not erect, and becomes even more rigid during erection. Protrusion is not affected much by erection, but more by relaxation of the <a href="/wiki/Retractor_penis_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Retractor penis muscle">retractor penis muscle</a> and straightening of the <a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigmoid flexure">sigmoid flexure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarkar_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarkar-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulls are occasionally affected by a condition known as "corkscrew penis".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The penis of a mature bull is about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>3–4 cm (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inches) in diameter,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 80–100 cm (30–40 inches) in length.<sup id="cite_ref-SchattenConstantinescu2008_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchattenConstantinescu2008-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bull's <a href="/wiki/Glans_penis" title="Glans penis">glans penis</a> has a rounded and elongated shape.<sup id="cite_ref-SchattenConstantinescu2008_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchattenConstantinescu2008-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Misconceptions">Misconceptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Misconceptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common misconception widely repeated in depictions of bull behavior is that the color red angers bulls, inciting them to charge. In fact, like most mammals, cattle are <a href="/wiki/Dichromacy" title="Dichromacy">red–green color blind</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">bullfighting</a>, the movement of the <a href="/wiki/Matador" class="mw-redirect" title="Matador">matador</a>'s cape, and not the color, provokes a reaction in the bull.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beef_production">Beef production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Beef production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other than the few bulls needed for breeding, the vast majority of male cattle are castrated and slaughtered for meat before the age of three years, except where they are needed (castrated) as work oxen for haulage. Most of these beef animals are <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castrated</a> as calves to reduce aggressive behavior and prevent unwanted mating,<sup id="cite_ref-Ontario_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ontario-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some are reared as uncastrated bull beef. A bull is typically ready for slaughter one or two months sooner than a castrated male or a female, and produces proportionately more and leaner muscle.<sup id="cite_ref-Ontario_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ontario-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frame score is a useful way of describing the skeletal size of bulls and other cattle. Frame scores can be used as an aid to predict mature cattle sizes and aid in the selection of beef bulls. They are calculated from hip height and age. In sales catalogues, this measurement is frequently reported in addition to weight and other performance data such as estimated breed value.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temperament_and_handling">Temperament and handling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Temperament and handling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angry_Bull_in_Pasture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Angry_Bull_in_Pasture.jpg/220px-Angry_Bull_in_Pasture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Angry_Bull_in_Pasture.jpg/330px-Angry_Bull_in_Pasture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Angry_Bull_in_Pasture.jpg/440px-Angry_Bull_in_Pasture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="1813" /></a><figcaption>A bull paws up dust in a threat display.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warning_sign_-_bull_in_field_-_keep_out.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Warning_sign_-_bull_in_field_-_keep_out.JPG/250px-Warning_sign_-_bull_in_field_-_keep_out.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Warning_sign_-_bull_in_field_-_keep_out.JPG/330px-Warning_sign_-_bull_in_field_-_keep_out.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Warning_sign_-_bull_in_field_-_keep_out.JPG/500px-Warning_sign_-_bull_in_field_-_keep_out.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>A warning sign for a bull-occupied field</figcaption></figure> <p>Adult bulls may weigh between 500 and 1,000 kg (1,100 and 2,200 lb). Most are capable of aggressive behavior and require careful handling to ensure the safety of humans and other animals. Those of <a href="/wiki/Dairy_cattle" title="Dairy cattle">dairy breeds</a> may be more prone to aggression, while <a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">beef breeds</a> are somewhat less aggressive, though beef breeds such as the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Fighting_Bull" title="Spanish Fighting Bull">Spanish Fighting Bull</a> and related animals are also noted for aggressive tendencies, which are further encouraged by <a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">selective breeding</a>. </p><p>An estimated 42% of all livestock-related fatalities in Canada are a result of bull attacks, and fewer than one in 20 victims of a bull attack survives.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dairy breed bulls are particularly dangerous and unpredictable; the hazards of bull handling are a significant cause of injury and death for dairy farmers in some parts of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The need to move a bull in and out of its pen to cover cows exposes the handler to serious jeopardy of life and limb.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being trampled, jammed against a wall, or gored by a bull was one of the most frequent causes of death in the dairy industry before 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-BeCareful1902_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeCareful1902-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With regard to such risks, one popular farming magazine has suggested, "Handle the bull with a staff and take no chances. The gentle bull, not the vicious one, most often kills or maims his keeper".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handling">Handling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Handling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Full_Blood_Wagyu_Bull_in_Chile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Full_Blood_Wagyu_Bull_in_Chile.jpg/250px-Full_Blood_Wagyu_Bull_in_Chile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Full_Blood_Wagyu_Bull_in_Chile.jpg/330px-Full_Blood_Wagyu_Bull_in_Chile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Full_Blood_Wagyu_Bull_in_Chile.jpg/500px-Full_Blood_Wagyu_Bull_in_Chile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>A bull with a <a href="/wiki/Nose_ring_(animals)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nose ring (animals)">nose ring</a> that <a href="/wiki/Tether" title="Tether">tethers</a> him to a picket</figcaption></figure> <p>In many areas, placing <a href="/wiki/Nose_ring_(animal)" title="Nose ring (animal)">rings</a> in bulls' noses to help control them is traditional. The ring is usually made of copper, and is inserted through a small hole cut in the septum of the nose. It is used by attaching a <a href="/wiki/Lead_(tack)" title="Lead (tack)">lead rope</a> either directly to it or running through it from a <a href="/wiki/Halter" title="Halter">head collar</a>, or for more difficult bulls, a bull pole (or bull staff) may be used. This is a rigid pole about 1 m (3 ft) long with a clip at one end; this attaches to the ring and allows the bull both to be led and to be held away from his handler. </p><p>An aggressive bull may be kept confined in a bull pen, a robustly constructed shelter and <a href="/wiki/Pen_(enclosure)" title="Pen (enclosure)">pen</a>, often with an arrangement to allow the bull to be fed without entering the pen. If an aggressive bull is allowed to graze outside, additional precautions may be needed to help avoid him harming people. One method is a bull mask, which either covers the bull's eyes completely, or restricts his vision to the ground immediately in front of him, so he cannot see his potential victim. Another method is to attach a length of chain to the bull's nose-ring, so that if he ducks his head to charge, he steps on the chain and is brought up short. Alternatively, the bull may be <a href="/wiki/Hobble_(device)" title="Hobble (device)">hobbled</a>, or chained by his ring or by a <a href="/wiki/Collar_(animal)" title="Collar (animal)">collar</a> to a solid object such as a ring fixed into the ground. </p><p>In larger pastures, particularly where a bull is kept with other cattle, the animals may simply be fed from a <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup truck</a> or tractor, the vehicle itself providing some protection for the humans involved. Generally, bulls kept with cows tend to be less aggressive than those kept alone. In herd situations, cows with young calves are often more dangerous to humans. In the off season, multiple bulls may be kept together in a "bachelor herd". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_insemination">Artificial insemination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Artificial insemination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_marcos_bullfight_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/San_marcos_bullfight_01.jpg/250px-San_marcos_bullfight_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/San_marcos_bullfight_01.jpg/330px-San_marcos_bullfight_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/San_marcos_bullfight_01.jpg/500px-San_marcos_bullfight_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3557" data-file-height="2846" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">Bullfighting</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Frozen_bovine_semen" title="Frozen bovine semen">Frozen bovine semen</a></div> <p>Many cattle <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Station_(Australian_agriculture)" title="Station (Australian agriculture)">stations</a> run bulls with cows, and most dairy or beef farms traditionally had at least one, if not several, bulls for purposes of herd maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the problems associated with handling a bull (particularly where cows must be removed from his presence to be worked) has prompted many dairy farmers to restrict themselves to <a href="/wiki/Artificial_insemination" title="Artificial insemination">artificial insemination</a> (AI) of the cows.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semen is removed from the bulls and stored in canisters of <a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen" title="Liquid nitrogen">liquid nitrogen</a>, where it is kept until it can be sold, at which time it can be very profitable; in fact, many ranchers keep bulls specifically for this purpose. AI is also used to improve the quality of a herd, or to introduce an <a href="/wiki/Outcross" class="mw-redirect" title="Outcross">outcross</a> of bloodlines. Some ranchers prefer to use AI to allow them to breed to several different bulls in a season or to breed their best stock to a higher-quality bull than they could afford to purchase outright. AI may also be used in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Embryo_transfer" title="Embryo transfer">embryo transfer</a> to allow cattle producers to add new breeding to their herds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_humans">Relationship with humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Relationship with humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lascaux_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/250px-Lascaux_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/330px-Lascaux_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/500px-Lascaux_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Aurochs" title="Aurochs">aurochs</a> bull in a cave painting in <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mecklenburg_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Mecklenburg_Arms.svg/170px-Mecklenburg_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Mecklenburg_Arms.svg/255px-Mecklenburg_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Mecklenburg_Arms.svg/340px-Mecklenburg_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption>A bull used in <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a>: <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Coat of arms</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a> region, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Aside from their reproductive duties, bulls are also used in certain sports, including <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">bullfighting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bull_riding" title="Bull riding">bull-riding</a>. They are also incorporated into festivals and folk events such as the <a href="/wiki/Running_of_the_Bulls" class="mw-redirect" title="Running of the Bulls">Running of the Bulls</a> and were seen in ancient sports such as <a href="/wiki/Bull-leaping" title="Bull-leaping">bull-leaping</a>. Though less common than castrated males, bulls are used as draught <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">oxen</a> in some areas.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The once-popular sport of <a href="/wiki/Bull-baiting" title="Bull-baiting">bull-baiting</a>, in which a bull is attacked by specially bred and trained dogs (which came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Bulldog" title="Bulldog">bulldogs</a>), was banned in England by the <a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_Animals_Act_1835" title="Cruelty to Animals Act 1835">Cruelty to Animals Act 1835</a>. </p><p>As with other animals, some bulls have been regarded as <a href="/wiki/Pets" class="mw-redirect" title="Pets">pets</a>. The singer <a href="/wiki/Charo" title="Charo">Charo</a>, for instance, has owned a pet bull named Manolo.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance_in_human_culture">Significance in human culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Significance in human culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacred_bull" title="Sacred bull">Sacred bulls</a> have held a place of significance in human culture since before the beginning of recorded history. They appear in <a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">cave paintings</a> estimated to be up to 17,000 years old. The mythic <a href="/wiki/Bull_of_Heaven" title="Bull of Heaven">Bull of Heavens</a> plays a role in the ancient Sumerian <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a></i>, dating as far back as 2150 BC. The importance of the bull is reflected in its appearance in the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a> as <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a>, and its numerous appearances in <a href="/wiki/Bull_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (mythology)">mythology</a>, where it is often associated with fertility. See also <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Korban</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, a bull named <a href="/wiki/Nandi_(bull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandi (bull)">Nandi</a>, usually depicted seated, is worshipped as the vehicle of the <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">god</a> <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> and depicted on many of the images of that deity. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joroinen.vaakuna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Joroinen.vaakuna.svg/250px-Joroinen.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Joroinen.vaakuna.svg/330px-Joroinen.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Joroinen.vaakuna.svg/500px-Joroinen.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>A bull head in the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Joroinen" title="Joroinen">Joroinen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Symbolically, the bull appears commonly in <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a>. Bulls appears as <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">crests</a> on the arms of several British families. Winged bulls appear as <a href="/wiki/Supporter" title="Supporter">supporters</a> in the arms of the <a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Butchers" title="Worshipful Company of Butchers">Worshipful Company of Butchers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times, the bull is used as a <a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">mascot</a> by both amateur and professional sports teams. </p><p>Bulls also have a special significance in <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Spain" title="Culture of Spain">Spanish culture</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Running_of_the_bulls" title="Running of the bulls">Running of the Bulls</a> celebration occurs every year in summer. During this <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festival</a>, a group of human runners called "mozos" try to outrace a group of bulls running behind them, while large crowds watch the entire race.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Popular <a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a> team the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bulls" title="Chicago Bulls">Chicago Bulls</a> features a bull in its branding, mascot, and merchandise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bull_sedang_makan_bj.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bull currently eating"><img alt="A bull currently eating" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bull_sedang_makan_bj.jpg/120px-Bull_sedang_makan_bj.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bull_sedang_makan_bj.jpg/250px-Bull_sedang_makan_bj.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A bull currently eating</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cow-calf_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow-calf operation">Cow-calf operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull market">Bull market</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BeCareful1902-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BeCareful1902_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BeCareful1902_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O.C. Gregg, Ed., Minnesota Farmer's Institute Annual No. 15, Pioneer Press, St. Paul, Minn. (1902), at p. 125; The James Way, The James Manufacturing Co., Ft. Atkinson, Wisc. (1914), p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delbridge, A, et al., Macquarie Dictionary, The Book Printer, Australia, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coupe-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coupe_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheena Coupe (ed.), <i>Frontier Country, Vol. 1</i> (Weldon Russell Publishing, Willoughby, 1989), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875202-01-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-875202-01-3">1-875202-01-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116030226/http://www.spiritwoodstockyards.ca/losemoney.html">"Sure Ways to Lose Money on Your Cattle"</a>. Spiritwoodstockyards.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiritwoodstockyards.ca/losemoney.html">the original</a> on January 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sure+Ways+to+Lose+Money+on+Your+Cattle&rft.pub=Spiritwoodstockyards.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiritwoodstockyards.ca%2Flosemoney.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. J. C. Phillips, <i>Principles of Cattle Production</i> (2010), p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-farmanddairy-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-farmanddairy_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoods2015" class="citation web cs1">Woods, Katie (July 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.farmanddairy.com/top-stories/how-to-determine-if-cattle-are-bulls-steers-cows-or-heifers/274534.html">"How to determine if cattle are bulls, steers, cows or heifers - Farm and Dairy"</a>. <i>Farm and Dairy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Example+of+large+steer&rft.pub=Missoulian.com&rft.date=2010-04-28&rft.au=TIM+TRAINOR+Montana+Standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmissoulian.com%2Fnews%2Fstate-and-regional%2Farticle_801a7346-530e-11df-a74c-001cc4c002e0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510234823/https://rep.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/rep/59/2/jrf_59_2_029.xml?rskey=31y8uQ&result=1">"A P Carter, P D P Wood and Penelope A Wright (1980), Association between scrotal circumference, live weight and sperm output in cattle, <i>Journal of Reproductive Fertility</i>, <b>59</b>, pp 447–451"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rep.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/rep/59/2/jrf_59_2_029.xml?rskey=31y8uQ&result=1">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+P+Carter%2C+P+D+P+Wood+and+Penelope+A+Wright+%281980%29%2C+Association+between+scrotal+circumference%2C+live+weight+and+sperm+output+in+cattle%2C+Journal+of+Reproductive+Fertility%2C+59%2C+pp+447%E2%80%93451.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frep.bioscientifica.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Frep%2F59%2F2%2Fjrf_59_2_029.xml%3Frskey%3D31y8uQ%26result%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160528020129/http://www.nt.gov.au/d/Content/File/p/Anim_Dis/747.pdf">"G Jayawardhana (2006), <i>Testicle Size – A Fertility Indicator in Bulls</i>, Australian Government Agnote K44"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Northern Territory of Australian</i>. Agnote. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nt.gov.au/d/Content/File/p/Anim_Dis/747.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Northern+Territory+of+Australian&rft.atitle=G+Jayawardhana+%282006%29%2C+Testicle+Size+%E2%80%93+A+Fertility+Indicator+in+Bulls%2C+Australian+Government+Agnote+K44.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nt.gov.au%2Fd%2FContent%2FFile%2Fp%2FAnim_Dis%2F747.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarkar-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sarkar_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSarkar2003" class="citation book cs1">Sarkar, A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bsCiWUiPY5UC&q=bull"><i>Sexual Behaviour In Animals</i></a>. Discovery Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7141-746-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7141-746-9"><bdi>978-81-7141-746-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sexual+Behaviour+In+Animals&rft.pub=Discovery+Publishing+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-7141-746-9&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbsCiWUiPY5UC%26q%3Dbull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReece2009" class="citation book cs1">Reece, William O. (March 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=naSWWxJLcd0C&q=bull+sigmoid+flexure"><i>Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals – William O. Reece – Google Boeken</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8138-1451-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8138-1451-3"><bdi>978-0-8138-1451-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Functional+Anatomy+and+Physiology+of+Domestic+Animals+%E2%80%93+William+O.+Reece+%E2%80%93+Google+Boeken&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009-03-04&rft.isbn=978-0-8138-1451-3&rft.aulast=Reece&rft.aufirst=William+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnaSWWxJLcd0C%26q%3Dbull%2Bsigmoid%2Bflexure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGillespieFlanders2009" class="citation book cs1">Gillespie, James R.; Flanders, Frank (January 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Z9o_vGPP4cC&q=bull+sigmoid+flexure"><i>Modern Livestock and Poultry Production – James R. Gillespie, Frank B. Flanders – Google Boeken</i></a>. Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4283-1808-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4283-1808-3"><bdi>978-1-4283-1808-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Livestock+and+Poultry+Production+%E2%80%93+James+R.+Gillespie%2C+Frank+B.+Flanders+%E2%80%93+Google+Boeken&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009-01-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4283-1808-3&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.au=Flanders%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Z9o_vGPP4cC%26q%3Dbull%2Bsigmoid%2Bflexure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFubiniDucharme2004" class="citation book cs1">Fubini, Susan L; Ducharme, Norm (January 15, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6MaO63mKKrsC&q=bull+%22corkscrew+penis%22&pg=PT1619"><i>Farm Animal Surgery</i></a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4160-6465-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-4160-6465-6"><bdi>1-4160-6465-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Farm+Animal+Surgery&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2004-01-15&rft.isbn=1-4160-6465-6&rft.aulast=Fubini&rft.aufirst=Susan+L&rft.au=Ducharme%2C+Norm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6MaO63mKKrsC%26q%3Dbull%2B%2522corkscrew%2Bpenis%2522%26pg%3DPT1619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrice2008" class="citation book cs1">Price, Edward O (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ww07sIWTYAAC&q=bull+%22corkscrew+penis%22&pg=PA105"><i>Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior: An Introductory Text</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78064-055-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78064-055-6"><bdi>978-1-78064-055-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+and+Applications+of+Domestic+Animal+Behavior%3A+An+Introductory+Text&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-78064-055-6&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Edward+O&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWw07sIWTYAAC%26q%3Dbull%2B%2522corkscrew%2Bpenis%2522%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDescôteauxCollotonGnemmi2009" class="citation book cs1">Descôteaux, Luc; Colloton, Jill; Gnemmi, Giovanni (September 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ganPdPc1tUMC&q=penis"><i>Practical Atlas of Ruminant and Camelid Reproductive Ultrasonography</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813808079" title="Special:BookSources/9780813808079"><bdi>9780813808079</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Atlas+of+Ruminant+and+Camelid+Reproductive+Ultrasonography&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009-09-24&rft.isbn=9780813808079&rft.aulast=Desc%C3%B4teaux&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft.au=Colloton%2C+Jill&rft.au=Gnemmi%2C+Giovanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DganPdPc1tUMC%26q%3Dpenis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScottPennyMacRae2011" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Phillip; Penny, Colin D.; MacRae, Alastair (July 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0r4r5qR0NVAC&q=penis"><i>Cattle Medicine – Philip R. Scott, Colin D. Penny, Alastair Macrae</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781840766110" title="Special:BookSources/9781840766110"><bdi>9781840766110</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cattle+Medicine+%E2%80%93+Philip+R.+Scott%2C+Colin+D.+Penny%2C+Alastair+Macrae&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft.isbn=9781840766110&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.au=Penny%2C+Colin+D.&rft.au=MacRae%2C+Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0r4r5qR0NVAC%26q%3Dpenis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcEntee1990" class="citation book cs1">McEntee, Mark (August 28, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j87wTz362roC&q=penis"><i>Reproductive Pathology of Domestic Mammals – Mark McEntee</i></a>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780323138048" title="Special:BookSources/9780323138048"><bdi>9780323138048</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reproductive+Pathology+of+Domestic+Mammals+%E2%80%93+Mark+McEntee&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1990-08-28&rft.isbn=9780323138048&rft.aulast=McEntee&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj87wTz362roC%26q%3Dpenis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacksonCockcroft2008" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Peter; Cockcroft, Peter (April 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yuBSW1_MyGUC&q=penis"><i>Clinical Examination of Farm Animals – Peter Jackson, Peter Cockcroft</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405147392" title="Special:BookSources/9781405147392"><bdi>9781405147392</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinical+Examination+of+Farm+Animals+%E2%80%93+Peter+Jackson%2C+Peter+Cockcroft&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft.isbn=9781405147392&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Cockcroft%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyuBSW1_MyGUC%26q%3Dpenis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SchattenConstantinescu2008-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SchattenConstantinescu2008_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchattenConstantinescu2008_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeide_SchattenGheorghe_M._Constantinescu2008" class="citation book cs1">Heide Schatten; Gheorghe M. Constantinescu (March 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6iNdSk7gPf4C&q=bull"><i>Comparative Reproductive Biology</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-39025-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-39025-2"><bdi>978-0-470-39025-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Reproductive+Biology&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008-03-21&rft.isbn=978-0-470-39025-2&rft.au=Heide+Schatten&rft.au=Gheorghe+M.+Constantinescu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6iNdSk7gPf4C%26q%3Dbull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100511090201/http://www.itla.net/index.cfm?sec=Longhorn_Information&con=handling">"Longhorn_Information – handling"</a>. ITLA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itla.net/index.cfm?sec=Longhorn_Information&con=handling">the original</a> on May 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Longhorn_Information+%E2%80%93+handling&rft.pub=ITLA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itla.net%2Findex.cfm%3Fsec%3DLonghorn_Information%26con%3Dhandling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAshwin2015" class="citation web cs1">Ashwin (June 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/do-bulls-really-hate-red-colour-blind.html">"Do Bulls Hate Red Color?"</a>. <i>Science ABC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+ABC&rft.atitle=Do+Bulls+Hate+Red+Color%3F&rft.date=2015-06-17&rft.au=Ashwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceabc.com%2Fnature%2Fanimals%2Fdo-bulls-really-hate-red-colour-blind.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ontario-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ontario_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ontario_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/beef/facts/07-029.htm#reasons">Castration of Calves Factsheet</a></i>, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/appraisal/publications/frame-scoring">"Frame scoring of beef cattle"</a>. <i>New South Wales Government</i>. Department of Primary Industries. September 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+South+Wales+Government&rft.atitle=Frame+scoring+of+beef+cattle&rft.date=2007-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpi.nsw.gov.au%2Fanimals-and-livestock%2Fbeef-cattle%2Fappraisal%2Fpublications%2Fframe-scoring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312233112/http://www.cfa-fca.ca/upload/casw_livestock.pdf">"<i>Handling Livestock Successfully</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Canadian Farming Administration</i>. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfa-fca.ca/upload/casw_livestock.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Farming+Administration&rft.atitle=Handling+Livestock+Successfully&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfa-fca.ca%2Fupload%2Fcasw_livestock.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130712024029/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/DI0878.html">"Larry D. Jacobson, Extension Agricultural Engineer, <i>Safe Work Practices on Dairy Farms</i>, University of Minnesota Extension Services (1989)"</a>. <i>University of Minnesota - Extension</i>. www.extension.umn.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/DI0878.html">the original</a> on July 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2018</span>. <q>During the last 10 years, 12 farmers in Minnesota were mauled and gored to death by dairy bulls</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Minnesota+-+Extension&rft.atitle=Larry+D.+Jacobson%2C+Extension+Agricultural+Engineer%2C+Safe+Work+Practices+on+Dairy+Farms%2C+University+of+Minnesota+Extension+Services+%281989%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.extension.umn.edu%2Fdistribution%2Flivestocksystems%2FDI0878.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cumberlink.com/news/local/bull-kills-southampton-man/article_594d4e4d-9c43-5582-bfc3-5e41870ee20b.html">Cumberland County (Pa.) Sentinel, Shippensburg, Pa., February 12, 2008</a> A farmer in Southampton County, Michigan, was killed by a 2000-lb Holstein bull in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, in February 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichelle_Park2010" class="citation news cs1">Michelle Park (March 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180826072821/http://www2.readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=200357">"Bull attacks, kills owner at South Heidelberg Township farm"</a>. <i>The Reading Pennsylvania Eagle</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=200357">the original</a> on August 26, 2018. <q>On February 28, 2010, a farmer near Reading, Pennsylvania was trampled and gored to death by a 2000-lb black Angus bull that he had been urged to get rid of by friends after earlier mishaps.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Reading+Pennsylvania+Eagle&rft.atitle=Bull+attacks%2C+kills+owner+at+South+Heidelberg+Township+farm&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft.au=Michelle+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freadingeagle.com%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D200357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alvin H. Clement, <i>We Gotta Have More Jails</i>, The Writer's Club Press, New York (1984–87), at pp. 79-80. A humorous description of moving a cow to a neighbor's Jersey bull for breeding purposes, and the use of a 12-foot bull staff to get the loose-running bull under control after he had already spotted the cow</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helpful Information for Dairymen, <i>The Farmer</i>, Webb Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minnesota, March 12, 1927, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Yearbook 1922, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. (1922), pp. 325-28 (noting a national on-farm bull population of over 600,000 "scrub" bulls in addition to a multiyear supply of "pure bred" bulls)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O.C. Gregg, Ed., Minnesota Farmer's Institute Annual No. 15, Pioneer Press, St. Paul, Minn. (1902), pp.129-32 (recommending the keeping and testing of sires for dairy herd improvement).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. J. C. Phillips, <i>Principles of Cattle Production</i> (2010), p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ags/publications/draugth_ap_overview.pdf">"John C Barret (1991), "The Economic Role of Cattle in Communal Farming Systems in Zimbabwe", to be published in <i>Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal</i>, p 10"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+C+Barret+%281991%29%2C+%22The+Economic+Role+of+Cattle+in+Communal+Farming+Systems+in+Zimbabwe%22%2C+to+be+published+in+Zimbabwe+Veterinary+Journal%2C+p+10.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2Fags%2Fpublications%2Fdraugth_ap_overview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701114759/http://www.fao.org/ag/ags/agse/chapterps1/chapterps1-e.htm">"<i>Draught Animal Power, an Overview</i>, Agricultural Engineering Branch, Agricultural Support Systems Division, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations"</a>. <i>Fiat Panis</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/ag/ags/agse/chapterps1/chapterps1-e.htm">the original</a> on July 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiat+Panis&rft.atitle=Draught+Animal+Power%2C+an+Overview%2C+Agricultural+Engineering+Branch%2C+Agricultural+Support+Systems+Division%2C+Food+and+Agriculture+Organisation+of+the+United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fag%2Fags%2Fagse%2Fchapterps1%2Fchapterps1-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCapretto2014" class="citation web cs1">Capretto, Lisa (June 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/10/charo-pet-upset-neighbors_n_5476134.html">"The Unusual Pet That Upset Charo's Neighbors (Video)"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Unusual+Pet+That+Upset+Charo%27s+Neighbors+%28Video%29&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.aulast=Capretto&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F06%2F10%2Fcharo-pet-upset-neighbors_n_5476134.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davies_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fox-Davies" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Fox-Davies">Arthur Fox-Davies</a>, <i>A Complete Guide to Heraldry</i>, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, 205-207, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft">https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.runningofthebulls.com/about/">"Pamplona Bull Run | RunningoftheBulls.com"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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