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class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Third Stream</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 15 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Stream" title="Third Stream - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Third Stream" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Third stream" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tria_fluo" title="Tria fluo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tria fluo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Third stream" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Third stream" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%AD%C3%BA_Sruth" title="Tríú Sruth - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tríú Sruth" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99_(%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="הזרם השלישי (מוזיקה) - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הזרם השלישי (מוזיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="サード・ストリーム - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サード・ストリーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%BC" title="서드 스트림 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서드 스트림" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Third stream" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Stream" title="Third Stream - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Third Stream" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Third stream" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceira_corrente" title="Terceira corrente - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terceira corrente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Третье течение - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Третье течение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Третя течія - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Третя течія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Third_Stream"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" 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> <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Third_Stream"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Third_Stream" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Third_Stream" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&oldid=137732630" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Third_Stream&id=137732630&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThird_Stream"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThird_Stream"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Third+Stream"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Third_Stream&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Third_stream" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q539089" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p><b>Third Stream</b> è un termine coniato nel 1957 dal compositore <a href="/wiki/Gunther_Schuller" title="Gunther Schuller">Gunther Schuller</a>, in una conferenza presso la <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a>, per descrivere un genere musicale in grado di compiere una sintesi tra la <a href="/wiki/Musica_classica" title="Musica classica">musica classica</a> ed il <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>. L'<a href="/wiki/Improvvisazione" title="Improvvisazione">improvvisazione</a> è generalmente considerata componente importante di questo genere musicale.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 1961, Schuller ha definito Third Stream ("Terza Corrente" come "un nuovo genere di musica che si trova a metà strada tra il jazz e la musica classica".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schuller insiste che " per definizione non c'è nulla di uguale al Third Stream Jazz'".<sup id="cite_ref-Schuller_120_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuller_120-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schuller osserva che, mentre i critici di entrambe le sorgenti della musica Third Stream (jazz e classica) si siano opposti ciascuno alla contaminazione del proprio genere, molti jazzisti hanno in effetti percepito questa presa di posizione come "un assalto alle tradizioni". Schuller, a questa contestazione risponde che "distinguendo questa musica come un'entità autonoma, Third Stream", le altre due correnti potrebbero andare avanti per la loro storia, indipendentemente, senza correre il rischio di contaminazione.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ai compositori di musica Third Stream è richiesto un "bilinguismo" musicale di fondo, poiché devono essere esperti del linguaggio della musica classica tanto quanto di quello del jazz. </p><p>I critici hanno sostenuto che la musica Third Stream - poiché attinge materiale da due generi musicali così differenti - perda l'originale forza comunicativa dei generi, dopo la loro combinazione.<sup id="cite_ref-Schuller_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuller-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Molti altri invece sostengono l'idea che la musica Third Stream sia un interessante filone di sviluppo ed evoluzione musicale.<sup id="cite_ref-Schuller_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuller-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Nel 1981, lo stesso Schuller compila una lista che illustra "cosa non sia la musica Third Stream":</p><blockquote class=""> <ul><li>Non è jazz con il contributo di <a href="/wiki/Strumenti_ad_arco" title="Strumenti ad arco">archi</a>.</li> <li>Non è jazz suonato con strumenti "classici".</li> <li>Non è musica classica suonata da jazzisti.</li> <li>Non è un innestare <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Ravel</a> o <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Arnold Schönberg">Schoenberg</a> in mezzo a dei "<a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">be-bop</a> <a href="/wiki/Progressione_armonica" title="Progressione armonica">changes</a>" — e nemmeno il contrario.</li> <li>Non è jazz in forma di fuga.</li> <li>Non è una fuga suonata da jazzisti.</li> <li>Non è un modo per distruggere il jazz o la musica classica; è semplicemente un'altra opzione tra le tante per i musicisti creativi di oggi.<sup id="cite_ref-Schuller_120_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuller_120-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_esempi_di_fusioni_musicali">Altri esempi di fusioni musicali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Altri esempi di fusioni musicali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Altri esempi di fusioni musicali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schuller indica che una simile fusione fu compiuta da <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a>: il compositore conquistò un grande riscontro dopo aver incorporato elementi di musica Folk Ungherese nelle sue composizioni, che avevano avuto una grande influenza dalla musica di <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>. </p><p>Sin dal primo '900 ci sono stati tentativi di integrare musica classica con il jazz, ancor prima che fosse identificato con un genere a sé stante. Molti <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> hanno attinto dalla musica classica come dalla musica sinfonica: un esempio potrebbe essere la Rhapsody In Blue di <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> del 1924. Anche <i><a href="/wiki/La_cr%C3%A9ation_du_monde_(balletto)" title="La création du monde (balletto)">La création du monde</a></i> scritta dal compositore francese <a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Darius Milhaud</a> ingloba elementi presi dal jazz, comprendendo anche una fuga in stile jazz. <a href="/wiki/Igor%27_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Stravinskij" title="Igor' Fëdorovič Stravinskij">Igor Stravinsky</a> ha utilizzato il jazz in molte sue composizioni: <i>Ragtime</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Piano-Rag-Music" title="Piano-Rag-Music">Piano-Rag-Music</a></i> e <i><a href="/wiki/Ebony_Concerto" title="Ebony Concerto">Ebony Concerto</a></i> (composto nel 1945 per il clarinettista jazz <a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a> e per la sua orchestra). Altri influenti compositori ad aver attinto da elementi jazz sono <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohuslav_Martin%C5%AF" title="Bohuslav Martinů">Bohuslav Martinů</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Paul Hindemith</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">George Antheil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_K%C5%99enek" title="Ernst Křenek">Ernst Křenek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Kurt Weill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Dmitrievi%C4%8D_%C5%A0ostakovi%C4%8D" title="Dmitrij Dmitrievič Šostakovič">Dmitri Shostakovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>. Tutti questi esempi possono dimostrare come ci sia da sempre stato un mutuo interesse tra musicisiti jazz e musicisti classici anche se, al contrario della musica Third Stream, alcune di queste composizioni non prevedono l'improvvisazione. </p><p>Un'altra importante fusione tra i due generi può esser testimoniata da "Interlude in B-flat", di <a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a>, registrata nel 1935 con l'inusuale ensemble composto da quartetto d'archi, una sezione ritmica jazz e lo stesso Shaw al clarinetto ed al sassofono. </p><p><br /> Esempio moderno di Third Stream influenza è la musica di <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Penderecki" title="Krzysztof Penderecki">Krzysztof Penderecki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Gir%C5%A1evi%C4%8D_Kapustin" title="Nikolaj Girševič Kapustin">Nikolaj Kapustin</a> e altri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFEncyclopedia_Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSchuller">Schuller</a>, p. 114</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schuller_120-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Schuller_120_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Schuller_120_3-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSchuller">Schuller</a>, p. 120</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSchuller">Schuller</a>, p. 115</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schuller-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Schuller_5-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Schuller_5-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSchuller">Schuller</a>, p. 1986</cite>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_Britannica" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/592493/third-stream"><span style="font-style:italic;">Third stream</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Encyclopædia Britannica</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchuller" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gunther Schuller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musingsmusicalwo00schu_0"><span style="font-style:italic;">Musings: The Musical Words of Gunther Schuller</span></a>, Oxford University Press, 1986, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0195037456" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0195037456">0195037456</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYannow" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Scott Yannow, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d466"><span style="font-style:italic;">Allmusic.com</span></a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Third stream"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Third_stream?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Third_stream?uselang=it">third Stream</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Stream&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/third-stream"><span style="font-style:italic;">third stream</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539089#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vervemusicgroup.com/history.aspx?hid=23">Third Stream description at Verve Records</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jazzinamerica.org/">Jazz Resource Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newmusicbox.org/articles/gunther-schuller-multiple-streams/">GUNTHER SCHULLER: MULTIPLE STREAMS</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://necmusic.edu/contemporary-improvisation">Contemporary Improvisation (formerly Third Stream) department at New England Conservatory</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) 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jazz">Basso jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_drumming" title="Jazz drumming">Jazz drumming</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chitarra_jazz" title="Chitarra jazz">Chitarra jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Corno_francese_nel_jazz" title="Corno francese nel jazz">Corno francese nel jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_piano" title="Jazz piano">Jazz piano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Trombone_jazz" title="Trombone jazz">Trombone jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_violino" title="Jazz violino">Jazz violino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_vocale" title="Jazz vocale">Jazz vocale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Donne_nel_jazz" title="Donne nel jazz">Donne nel jazz</a></td><td rowspan="12" class="navbox_image"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jazzstubartwork.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/90px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/135px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/180px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="57" data-file-height="89" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Genere_musicale" title="Genere musicale">Generi</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">Afrobeat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_d%27avanguardia" title="Jazz d'avanguardia">Jazz d'avanguardia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">Bebop</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hard_bop" title="Hard bop">Hard bop</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neo-bop" title="Neo-bop">Neo-bop</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Post-bop" title="Post-bop">Post-bop</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_da_camera" title="Jazz da camera">Jazz da camera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">Cool jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dixieland_(musica)" title="Dixieland (musica)">Dixieland</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_flamenco" title="Nuevo flamenco">Nuevo flamenco</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Improvvisazione_libera" title="Improvvisazione libera">Free improvisation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_manouche" title="Jazz manouche">Gypsy jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fusion_(genere_musicale)" title="Fusion (genere musicale)">Fusion</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_rap" title="Jazz rap">Jazz rap</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Jazz_afrocubano" title="Jazz afrocubano">Jazz afrocubano</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/M-Base" title="M-Base">M-Base</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_jazz" title="Mainstream jazz">Mainstream jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_modale" title="Jazz modale">Jazz modale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">Nu jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_sinfonico" title="Jazz sinfonico">Jazz sinfonico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Trio_d%27organo" title="Trio d'organo">Trio d'organo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_jazz" title="Progressive jazz">Progressive jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scat" title="Scat">Scat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ska_jazz" title="Ska jazz">Ska jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">Smooth jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soul_jazz" title="Soul jazz">Soul jazz</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sacred_jazz" title="Sacred jazz">Sacred jazz</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stride_piano" title="Stride piano">Stride</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Swing" title="Swing">Swing</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swing_revival" title="Swing revival">Swing revival</a>)<b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Third Stream</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_tradizionale" title="Jazz tradizionale">Jazz tradizionale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Jazz" title="West Coast Jazz">West Coast Jazz</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Sottogeneri</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz-funk" title="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_spirituale" title="Jazz spirituale">Jazz spirituale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Crossover_jazz" title="Crossover jazz">Crossover jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_brasiliano" title="Jazz brasiliano">Jazz brasiliano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_jazz" title="New Orleans jazz">New Orleans jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pop-jazz" title="Pop-jazz">Pop-jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Generi derivati</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Electric_blues" title="Electric blues">Electric blues</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">Funk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">Rap</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Casa_discografica" title="Casa discografica">Case discografiche</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/ACT_Music" title="ACT Music">ACT</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Argo_Records_(etichetta_discografica_statunitense)" title="Argo Records (etichetta discografica statunitense)">Argo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Auand_Records" title="Auand Records">Auand</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Records" title="Bethlehem Records">Bethlehem</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Biograph_Records" title="Biograph Records">Biograph</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_Records_(etichetta_discografica_statunitense)" title="Black Swan Records (etichetta discografica statunitense)">Black Swan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records" title="Blue Note Records">Blue Note</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Records" title="Brunswick Records">Brunswick</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/BYG_Records" title="BYG Records">BYG</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Candid_Records" title="Candid Records">Candid</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chiaroscuro_Records" title="Chiaroscuro Records">Chiaroscuro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cobblestone_Records" title="Cobblestone Records">Cobblestone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Records" title="Commodore Records">Commodore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Records" title="Contemporary Records">Contemporary</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chronological_Classics" title="Chronological Classics">Chronological</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Coral_Records" title="Coral Records">Coral</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/CTI_Records" title="CTI Records">CTI</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Denon_Records" title="Denon Records">Denon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Derby_Records" title="Derby Records">Derby</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dial_Records" title="Dial Records">Dial</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Document_Records" title="Document Records">Document</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/ECM_Records" title="ECM Records">ECM</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/El_Saturn_Records" title="El Saturn Records">El Saturn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/ESP-Disk" title="ESP-Disk">ESP-Disk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman_Records" title="Flying Dutchman Records">Flying Dutchman</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Records" title="Freedom Records">Freedom</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Groove_Merchant" title="Groove Merchant">Groove Merchant</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records" title="Impulse! Records">Impulse!</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/India_Navigation" title="India Navigation">India Navigation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Inner_City_Records" title="Inner City Records">Inner City</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/JMT_Records" title="JMT Records">JMT</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Landmark_Records" title="Landmark Records">Landmark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mack_Avenue_Records" title="Mack Avenue Records">Mack Avenue</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Records" title="Mainstream Records">Mainstream</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mapleshade_Records" title="Mapleshade Records">Mapleshade</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Milestone_Records" title="Milestone Records">Milestone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Discografia_della_Milestone_Records" title="Discografia della Milestone Records"><i>Discografia</i></a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MPS_Records" title="MPS Records">MPS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muse_Records" title="Muse Records">Muse</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Norgran_Records" title="Norgran Records">Norgran</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Okeh_Records" title="Okeh Records">Okeh</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ogun_Records" title="Ogun Records">Ogun</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Palcoscenico_Records" title="Palcoscenico Records">Palcoscenico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records" title="Prestige Records">Prestige</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Red_Records" title="Red Records">Red</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Remington_Records" title="Remington Records">Renington</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Records" title="Riverside Records">Riverside</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rune_Grammofon" title="Rune Grammofon">Rune Grammofon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Records" title="Savoy Records">Savoy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scepter_Records" title="Scepter Records">Scepter</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stax_Records" title="Stax Records">Stax</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/SteepleChase_Records" title="SteepleChase Records">SteepleChase</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Strata-East_Records" title="Strata-East Records">Strata-East</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vocalion_Records" title="Vocalion Records">Vocalion</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Volt_Records" title="Volt Records">Volt</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vroommm_records" title="Vroommm records">Vroommm</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Winter_%26_Winter" title="Winter & Winter">Winter & Winter</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yazoo_Records" title="Yazoo Records">Yazoo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Strumento_musicale" title="Strumento musicale">Strumenti</a> del jazz</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Basso_elettrico" title="Basso elettrico">Basso elettrico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte">Pianoforte</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Batteria_(strumento_musicale)" title="Batteria (strumento musicale)">Batteria</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Clarinetto" title="Clarinetto">Clarinetto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flauto_da_concerto" title="Flauto da concerto">Flauto da concerto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sassofono" title="Sassofono">Sassofono</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tromba" title="Tromba">Tromba</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cornetta" title="Cornetta">Cornetta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">Trombone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tuba_(strumento_musicale)" title="Tuba (strumento musicale)">Tuba</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chitarra" title="Chitarra">Chitarra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Violino" title="Violino">Violino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Contrabbasso" title="Contrabbasso">Contrabbasso</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">Banjo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Organo_Hammond" title="Organo Hammond">Organo Hammond</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Strumento_a_percussione" title="Strumento a percussione">Percussioni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vibrafono" title="Vibrafono">Vibrafono</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Canto" title="Canto">Voce</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frontman" title="Frontman">Vocalist</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Festival jazz</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Appleby_Jazz_Festival" title="Appleby Jazz Festival">Appleby</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Festival_di_Amougies" title="Festival di Amougies">Amougies</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/JazzFest_Berlin" title="JazzFest Berlin">Berlino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Beaches_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Beaches International Jazz Festival">Beaches (Toronto)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Cape Town International Jazz Festival">Cape Town</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Jazz_Festival" title="Chicago Jazz Festival">Chicago</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Jazz_Festival" title="Copenhagen Jazz Festival">Copenhagen</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Crossroads_Guitar_Festival" title="Crossroads Guitar Festival">Crossroads Guitar Festival</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Etno_Funky_Festival" title="Jazz Etno Funky Festival">Jazz Etno Funky Festival</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Java_Jazz_Festival" title="Java Jazz Festival">Giacarta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_%C3%A0_Juan" title="Jazz à Juan">Jazz à Juan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Leopolis_Jazz_Fest" title="Leopolis Jazz Fest">Leopoli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/London_Jazz_Festival" title="London Jazz Festival">Londra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Jazz_Festival" title="Monterey Jazz Festival">Monterey</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Montreux_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreux Jazz Festival">Montreux</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Jazz_%26_Heritage_Festival" title="New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival">New Orleans</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nice_Jazz_Festival" title="Nice Jazz Festival">Nizza</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Jazz_Festival" title="North Sea Jazz Festival">North Sea</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pori_Jazz" title="Pori Jazz">Pori</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Festival_Internazionale_del_Jazz_di_Praga" title="Festival Internazionale del Jazz di Praga">Praga</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia_Jazz_and_Arts_Festival" title="Saint Lucia Jazz and Arts Festival">Saint Lucia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Festival_Internazionale_del_Jazz_di_Sanremo" title="Festival Internazionale del Jazz di Sanremo">Festival Internazionale del Jazz di Sanremo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Jazz_Festival" title="Stockholm Jazz Festival">Stoccolma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Taphros_Jazz_Festival" title="Taphros Jazz Festival">Taphros</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Jazz_Festival" title="Toronto Jazz Festival">Toronto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Vancouver International Jazz Festival">Vancouver</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/TD_Winnipeg_International_Jazz_Festival" title="TD Winnipeg International Jazz Festival">Winnipeg</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Cultura</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Funerale_jazz" title="Funerale jazz">Funerale jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_poetry" title="Jazz poetry">Jazz poetry</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_royalty" title="Jazz royalty">Jazz royalty</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Armonia_jazz" title="Armonia jazz">Teoria del jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Second_line" title="Second line">Second line</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Scene regionali</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Africano</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_etiope" title="Jazz etiope">Etiope</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_del_Malawi" title="Jazz del Malawi">Malawiano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/South_African_jazz" title="South African jazz">Sudafricano</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Jazz" title="Zimbabwean Jazz">Zimbabwe</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Asiatico</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_armeno" title="Jazz armeno">Armeno</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_azero" title="Jazz azero">Jazz azero</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Mugham</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_India" title="Jazz in India">Indiano</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Indo_jazz" title="Indo jazz">Indo jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sitar_nel_jazz" title="Sitar nel jazz">Sitar</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_iraniano" title="Jazz iraniano">Iraniano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_giapponese" title="Jazz giapponese">Giapponese</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Europeo</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_balcanico" title="Jazz balcanico">Balcanico</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Jazz_bulgaro" title="Jazz bulgaro">Bulgaro</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_belga" title="Jazz belga">Belga</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_britannico" title="Jazz britannico">Britannico</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_continentale" title="Jazz continentale">Continental European</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_Cecoslovacchia" title="Jazz in Cecoslovacchia">Cecoslovacco</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_danese" title="Jazz danese">Danese</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_olandese" title="Jazz olandese">Paesi Bassi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_jazz_europeo" title="Free jazz europeo">Free jazz europeo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_francese" title="Jazz francese">Francese</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_tedesco" title="Jazz tedesco">Tedesco</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_italiano" title="Jazz italiano">Italiano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_polacco" title="Jazz polacco">Polacco</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Yass_(musica)" title="Yass (musica)">Yass</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_spagnolo" title="Jazz spagnolo">Spagnolo</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_svedese" title="Jazz svedese">Svedese</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Americano</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_di_Baltimora" title="Jazz di Baltimora">Baltimora</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chicago_jazz" title="Chicago jazz">Chicago</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Jazz" title="Kansas City Jazz">Kansas City</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_jazz" title="New Orleans jazz">New Orleans</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/New_York_Jazz" title="New York Jazz">New York</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Jazz" title="West Coast Jazz">West Coast</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><span class="nowrap">Nord Americano</span></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_canadese" title="Jazz canadese">Canadese</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_haitiano" title="Jazz haitiano">Haitiano (mini-jazz)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jazz_afrocubano" title="Jazz afrocubano">Jazz afrocubano</a>)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><span class="nowrap">Sudamericano</span></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_brasiliano" title="Jazz brasiliano">Brasiliano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_samba" title="Jazz samba">Jazz samba</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Dell'Oceania</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_australiano" title="Jazz australiano">Australiano</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Mondiale</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ethno_jazz" title="Ethno jazz">Ethno jazz</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Storia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Bibliografia_del_jazz" title="Bibliografia del jazz">Bibliografia del jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Et%C3%A0_del_jazz" title="Età del jazz">Età del jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_continentale" title="Jazz continentale">Jazz continentale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Straight-ahead_jazz" title="Straight-ahead jazz">Straight-ahead jazz</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Correlati</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">Jump blues</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_blues" title="New Orleans blues">New Orleans blues</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Banda_di_ottoni" title="Banda di ottoni">Banda di ottoni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Exotica_(genere_musicale)" title="Exotica (genere musicale)">Exotica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plugg" title="Plugg">Plugg</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm_(genere_musicale)" title="Quiet storm (genere musicale)">Quiet Storm</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Novelty_piano" title="Novelty piano">Novelty ragtime</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Musica_dell%27Africa_occidentale" title="Musica dell'Africa occidentale">Africa occidentale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Glossario_musicale" title="Glossario musicale">Glossario teorico e tecnico della musica occidentale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Locali_jazz" title="Locali jazz">Locali jazz nel mondo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_club" title="Jazz club">Jazz club</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Film</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><i><a href="/wiki/Bird_(film)" title="Bird (film)">Bird</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Il_cantante_di_jazz_(film_1927)" title="Il cantante di jazz (film 1927)">Il cantante di jazz (film 1927)</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Round_Midnight_-_A_mezzanotte_circa" title="Round Midnight - A mezzanotte circa">Round Midnight - A mezzanotte circa</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style 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