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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":107125425,"created_at":"2023-09-24T13:06:10.451-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-01-31T16:34:04.142-08:00","_data":{"ai_abstract":"The paper discusses morpho-phonological aspects, specifically focusing on assimilation in English past tense forms and vowel changes, including regressive assimilation and the Great Vowel Shift. It illustrates how phonological shifts are systematic rather than random, demonstrating the interaction between internal language representation and phonological rules, while referencing relevant phonetic principles such as voicing rules and syllabic properties of nasals and liquids.","ai_title_tag":"Assimilation in English Morpho-Phonology"},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Ling404 no. 2 Morpho-Phonology","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [122289]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":105913637,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Ling404 no. 2 Morpho-Phonology”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/105913637/mini_magick20230924-1-1jmp18.png?1695586019" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Ling404 no. 2 Morpho-Phonology</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="122289" href="https://csun.academia.edu/josephgalasso"><img alt="Profile image of joseph galasso" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/122289/211062/74747777/s65_joseph.galasso.png" />joseph galasso</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">17 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 107125425; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=107125425"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The paper discusses morpho-phonological aspects, specifically focusing on assimilation in English past tense forms and vowel changes, including regressive assimilation and the Great Vowel Shift. It illustrates how phonological shifts are systematic rather than random, demonstrating the interaction between internal language representation and phonological rules, while referencing relevant phonetic principles such as voicing rules and syllabic properties of nasals and liquids.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><div class="primary-buttons cite-share-variant"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":105913637,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/107125425/Ling404_no_2_Morpho_Phonology"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span>See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":105913637,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/107125425/Ling404_no_2_Morpho_Phonology"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://www.academia.edu/107125425/Ling404_no_2_Morpho_Phonology","location":"/107125425/Ling404_no_2_Morpho_Phonology","scheme":"https","host":"www.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/107125425/Ling404_no_2_Morpho_Phonology","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="CitationButton" data-props="{"entity_id":107125425,"citations":[{"name":"MLA","citation":"joseph galasso. 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These would, therefore, be called “sister” languages, since they share a number of features in syntax, morphology or phonology, among others. The history of English and German as sister languages dates back to the Late antiquity, when they were dialects of a Proto-West-Germanic language. After their split, more than 1,400 years ago, they developed their own language systems, which were almost identical at their earlier stages. However, this is not the case anymore, as can be seen in their current vowel systems: the German vowel system is composed of 23 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs, while that of English has only 12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs. The present paper analyses how the English and German vowels have gradually changed over time in an attempt to understand the differences and similarities found in their current vow...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Vowel change in English and German: a comparative analysis","attachmentId":101344941,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100553825/Vowel_change_in_English_and_German_a_comparative_analysis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100553825/Vowel_change_in_English_and_German_a_comparative_analysis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="86319190" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86319190/The_High_German_Consonant_Shift">The High German Consonant Shift</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="63707167" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FKortlandt">Frederik Kortlandt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AMSTERDAMER BEITRÄGE ZUR ÄLTEREN GERMANISTIK, 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The High German Consonant Shift","attachmentId":90797054,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86319190/The_High_German_Consonant_Shift","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86319190/The_High_German_Consonant_Shift"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="19499675" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19499675/PHONOLOGICAL_ASPECTS_OF_INTERNAL_VOWEL_ALTERNATION_IN_ENGLISH">PHONOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERNAL VOWEL ALTERNATION IN ENGLISH</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39666404" href="https://bgu.academia.edu/EEvenSimkin">Elena Even-Simkin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper examines Internal Vowel Alternation (IVA) in Noun Plurals (e.g. 'tooth/teeth') and Past Tense formation (e.g. 'sing/sang') according to the signoriented theory of the Columbia School (CS) in general and the theory of Phonology as Human Behavior (PHB) in particular. Today, these IVA forms are considered to be "irregular", and are vestiges of former prevalent and productive processes in Old English: i.e. ablaut gradation in verbs and i-umlaut in nouns, which: (a) display a fundamental morphophonemic regularity, (b) are both systematic and iconic, and (c) distinguish between nominal versus verbal vowel alternation systems, thus facilitating their identification, acquisition and retention.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"PHONOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERNAL VOWEL ALTERNATION IN ENGLISH","attachmentId":40654595,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19499675/PHONOLOGICAL_ASPECTS_OF_INTERNAL_VOWEL_ALTERNATION_IN_ENGLISH","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19499675/PHONOLOGICAL_ASPECTS_OF_INTERNAL_VOWEL_ALTERNATION_IN_ENGLISH"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="109816292" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109816292/Long_Vowel_Shifts_in_English_c_1050_1700_Evidence_from_Spelling">Long-Vowel Shifts in English, c.1050–1700: Evidence from Spelling</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="69931917" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GStenbrenden">Gjertrud Stenbrenden</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Long-Vowel Shifts in English, c.1050–1700: Evidence from Spelling","attachmentId":107826817,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109816292/Long_Vowel_Shifts_in_English_c_1050_1700_Evidence_from_Spelling","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109816292/Long_Vowel_Shifts_in_English_c_1050_1700_Evidence_from_Spelling"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="34706335" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34706335/Historical_and_typological_remarks_on_vowel_alternation_extended_handout_2017_">Historical and typological remarks on vowel alternation - extended handout (2017)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53638462" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/VilleLepp%C3%A4nen">Ville Leppänen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Paper presented at MYK XXV colloquium, University of Turku, Finland, 22 September 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Historical and typological remarks on vowel alternation - extended handout (2017)","attachmentId":54563856,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34706335/Historical_and_typological_remarks_on_vowel_alternation_extended_handout_2017_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34706335/Historical_and_typological_remarks_on_vowel_alternation_extended_handout_2017_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="2606509" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2606509/Rhythm_phonotactics_and_segment_inventories_consonants_and_vowels_in_the_history_of_English">Rhythm, phonotactics and segment inventories: consonants and vowels in the history of English </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="415818" href="https://univie.academia.edu/NikiRitt">Nikolaus Ritt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">How to weaken one’s consonants, strengthen one’s vowels, and remain English at the same time. In: Denison, David, Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo, McCully, Chris and Emma Moore (eds.): 2011. Analysing Older English. Cambridge. University Press., 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rhythm, phonotactics and segment inventories: consonants and vowels in the history of English ","attachmentId":30617183,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2606509/Rhythm_phonotactics_and_segment_inventories_consonants_and_vowels_in_the_history_of_English","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2606509/Rhythm_phonotactics_and_segment_inventories_consonants_and_vowels_in_the_history_of_English"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="3082005" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3082005/The_phonological_basis_of_sound_change">The phonological basis of sound change</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3873" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/PaulKiparsky">Paul Kiparsky</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The handbook of phonological theory, 1995</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Tout est psychologique dans la linguistique, y compris ce qui est mécanique et matériel. (F. de Saussure 1910/11)</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The phonological basis of sound change","attachmentId":31152383,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3082005/The_phonological_basis_of_sound_change","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3082005/The_phonological_basis_of_sound_change"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":105913637,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":105913637,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_105913637" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatriciaDonegan">Patricia Donegan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1979</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the natural phonology of vowels","attachmentId":105713478,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106578483/On_the_natural_phonology_of_vowels","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106578483/On_the_natural_phonology_of_vowels"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/24202947/The_Phonological_Influence_on_Phonetic_Change">The Phonological Influence on Phonetic Change</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="219928" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/JosefFruehwald">Josef Fruehwald</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Phonological Influence on Phonetic Change","attachmentId":44535065,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24202947/The_Phonological_Influence_on_Phonetic_Change","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sandhi phenomena in the languages of Europe, ed. by Henning Andersen, pp. 167–210., 1986</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the morphologization of word-final consonant deletion in French","attachmentId":32007499,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2474595/On_the_morphologization_of_word_final_consonant_deletion_in_French","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2474595/On_the_morphologization_of_word_final_consonant_deletion_in_French"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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href="https://www.academia.edu/805737/2003_On_bifurcations_and_the_Germanic_consonant_shifts_">2003. “On bifurcations and the Germanic consonant shifts”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3907" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/HenningAndersen">Henning Andersen</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2003. “On bifurcations and the Germanic consonant shifts”","attachmentId":4825947,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/805737/2003_On_bifurcations_and_the_Germanic_consonant_shifts_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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