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The Kingdom of the Hittites - Trevor Bryce - Google Books
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>The Kingdom of the Hittites - Trevor Bryce - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Kingdom_of_the_Hittites.html?id=HMHmCwAAQBAJ"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Kingdom_of_the_Hittites.html?id=HMHmCwAAQBAJ"/><meta name="title" content="The Kingdom of the Hittites"/><meta name="description" content="In the 14th century BC the Hittites became the supreme political and military power in the Near East. 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The Origins of the Hittites","Pid":"PA8","PgNum":"8","Order":28},{"Title":"2 Anatolia in the Assyrian Colony Period","Pid":"PA21","PgNum":"21","Order":41},{"Title":"3 Territories and Early Rivals of Hatti","Pid":"PA41","PgNum":"41","Order":61},{"Title":"The Reigns of Labarna and Hattusili I c1620","Pid":"PA61","PgNum":"61","Order":81},{"Title":"From Mursili I to Muwattalli I c16201400","Pid":"PA96","PgNum":"96","Order":116},{"Title":"From Tudhaliya III to Tudhaliya III c14001350","Pid":"PA121","PgNum":"121","Order":141},{"Title":"The Reign of Suppiluliuma I c13501322","Pid":"PA154","PgNum":"154","Order":174},{"Title":"The Reign of Mursili II c13211295","Pid":"PA190","PgNum":"190","Order":210},{"Title":"The Reign of Muwattalli II c12951272","Pid":"PA221","PgNum":"221","Order":241},{"Title":"The Reign of UrhiTeshub c12721267","Pid":"PA246","PgNum":"246","Order":266},{"Title":"The Reign of Hattusili III c12671237","Pid":"PA266","PgNum":"266","Order":286},{"Title":"The Reign of Tudhaliya IV c12371209","Pid":"PA295","PgNum":"295","Order":315},{"Title":"13 The Fall of the Kingdom and its Aftermath","Pid":"PA327","PgNum":"327","Order":347},{"Title":"Myth or Reality?","Pid":"PA357","PgNum":"357","Order":377},{"Title":"A Final Comment","Pid":"PA372","PgNum":"372","Order":392},{"Title":"Chronology","Pid":"PA375","PgNum":"375","Order":395},{"Title":"Sources for Hittite History An Overview","Pid":"PA383","PgNum":"383","Order":403},{"Title":"Notes","Pid":"PA393","PgNum":"393","Order":413},{"Title":"Bibliography","Pid":"PA496","PgNum":"496","Order":516}]}},"table_of_contents_page_id":"PR7","max_resolution_image_width":1280,"max_resolution_image_height":1832,"num_toc_pages":2,"quality_info":"We have no quality information about this book.","volume_id":"HMHmCwAAQBAJ","permission_info":"Pages displayed by permission of \u003ca class=link_aux href=\"https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=HMHmCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR4\u0026q=http://www.oup.com\u0026linkid=1\u0026usg=AOvVaw2g56JDkNgCJ5LisrkxFhXC\u0026source=gbs_pub_info_r\"\u003eOxford University Press\u003c/a\u003e","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"publisher":"Oxford University Press","publication_date":"2005","subject":"History","num_pages":554,"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=HMHmCwAAQBAJ\u0026source=gbs_vpt_hover","synposis":"In the 14th century BC the Hittites became the supreme political and military power in the Near East. How did they achieve their supremacy? How successful were they in maintaining it? What brought about their collapse and disappearance? This comprehensive history of the Hittite kingdom seeks to answer these questions. It takes account of important recent advances in Hittite scholarship, including some major archaeological discoveries made in the last few years. It also features numerous translations from the original texts, so that on many issues the ancient Hittites are given the opportunity to speak to the modern reader for themselves. The revised edition contains a substantial amount of new material, as well as numerous other revisions to the first edition.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false,"last_page":{"pid":"PA554","order":574,"title":"554"}},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DHMHmCwAAQBAJ%26printsec%3Dcopyright%26vq%3Dthrone%26source%3Dgbs_pub_info_r%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PR4","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=HMHmCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR4\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U14O3hlBTeMN3T8VlX12kyBjT68JA","flags":0,"order":4,"uf":"https://books.google.com.sg/books_feedback?id=HMHmCwAAQBAJ\u0026spid=AFLRE70Yb_sH2dZp9PO5yXP5vZ0W-adFUmjO_tB-CJ9anQ7E9vTrjpR0Lk92AMU0HlN23EsSMu4J\u0026ftype=0","vq":"throne"},{"pid":"PR3","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=HMHmCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR3\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U1jGH5XAH1MvRWzoUYUobr5XPLxmg"},{"pid":"PR7","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=HMHmCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR7\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U2Bi74sr3HTc03xBZ7BKre3E4S9OA"},{"pid":"PR8","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=HMHmCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR8\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U0NsGHUf37T3LqxQYFvANv-nfjhug"}]},null,{"number_of_results":91,"search_results":[{"page_id":"PA6","page_number":"6","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e. However, usurpers seem (almost) invariably to have been related by blood or marriage ties to their victims.7 And later kings traced their ancestry back to the earliest occupants of the Hittite \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e. Further, we cannot easily\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA17","page_number":"17","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e frequently proclaimed their genealogical links with their earliest known predecessors. These links helped substantiate their claims to the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e. If the earliest members of the dynasty used the Indo-European Nesite language at\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA26","page_number":"26","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e and wished to renew a treaty with them . He was informed of the correct procedure to be followed : We answered : \u0026#39; The kārum at Kanesh is our superior . We shall write so that they may write either to you ( directly ) or to us\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA39","page_number":"39","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of iron and a sceptre of iron as a gift . But when I returned to Nesa I took the Man of Purushanda with me . As soon as he enters the chamber , 92 that man will sit before me on the right . ( Anitta inscript . 73-9 ) The gifts\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA49","page_number":"49","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e had to pass down in the princess\u0026#39;s line . The vassal was obliged not only to swear allegiance to the reigning king but also to pledge support to his legitimate successors . If the Hittite \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e were usurped by a pretender , the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA63","page_number":"63","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e. The proclamation was delivered to the assembly in the city of Kussara where the king, by now an old man, lay ill. It may in fact have been one of his Wnal acts before his death. Like the Annals, the Testament survives in both\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA64","page_number":"64","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e some hundred years and six reigns after Hattusili\u0026#39;s death . The lengthy historical preamble of this document recounts the early triumphs and the subsequent disasters of the Hittite monarchy up to the time of Telipinu\u0026#39;s accession\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA66","page_number":"66","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . But his relationship to his immediate successor in the Proclamation remains uncertain . It is to this man , Hattusili , that we must now turn our attention . Rebellion in Sanahuitta In his Testament , Hattusili recalls the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA68","page_number":"68","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e in Kussara after serving as a regional ruler in the north of the kingdom.28 His name suggests that he was his father\u0026#39;s chosen heir . But we do not know what happened to him after the rebellion . He may not have survived it . And\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA87","page_number":"87","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . A servant will sit upon it . A servant will become king . \u0026#39; There- upon my daughter made Hattusa and the court disloyal ; and the noblemen and my own courtiers opposed me . She incited the whole land to rebellion .... The sons\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA88","page_number":"88","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e were repeatedly embroiled down to the reign of the king Telipinu ( see Ch . 5 ) clearly indicate that the question of who had the right to choose the king\u0026#39;s successor , or succeed to the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e himself , was long in dispute . It\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA90","page_number":"90","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eThrone\u003c/b\u003e With his death close at hand , Hattusili could afford no delay in appoint- ing another successor to the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . It was for the purpose of announ- cing his new appointee that he had hastily convened the assembly in Kussara\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA96","page_number":"96","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . \u0026#39; Thus spoke Hattusili to the gathering of warriors and dignitaries summoned shortly before his death . His appeals and warnings were apparently heeded . On his death , and in accordance with his wishes , his grandson and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA101","page_number":"101","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . Nemesis is a theme which surfaces repeatedly in the Proclamation in its account of the kings who had occupied the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e by force . It was an all - embracing vengeance , inflicted not only on the perpetrator of a crime , but on\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA103","page_number":"103","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e when his intended victim staged a counter - coup , seizing the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e for himself and driving Huzziya and his five brothers into exile . That was punishment enough . Telipinu gave instructions that no further harm was to befall\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA107","page_number":"107","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . The inheritance of royal power was now firmly established on the basis of direct patrilineal succession . Only in the event that a king left no male heirs of suitable status could the husband of a daughter succeed to the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA108","page_number":"108","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . The king\u0026#39;s successor was decided by the king himself , who might change his mind . More frequently , the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e was occupied by a usurper . Telipinu\u0026#39;s chief intention was to remove any possibility of rival claims or random\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA111","page_number":"111","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e by the path of intrigue and usurpation — and were removed from it in the same way . We know nothing about the end of Telipinu\u0026#39;s reign , though he died apparently without leaving male issue . His only known son Ammuna had\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA112","page_number":"112","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . Yet as events were soon to prove , the careful provisions Telipinu made for the succession gave no adequate safeguard for the security of the royal line . Alluwamna probably did succeed his father - in - law . But beyond\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA114","page_number":"114","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e.80 The treaty indicates that there had been conflict between Hatti and Kizzuwadna , which involved the capture or destruction of a number of towns on each side . Very likely these towns were located in the troublesome border\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA117","page_number":"117","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e , he had to accept the reality of Mitannian sovereignty over the kingdom from which he had fled . He thus sought a reconciliation with Parrattarna . Agreement was reached , a treaty was drawn up , and Idrimi was installed as one\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA118","page_number":"118","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e or some time after this remains unknown . 102 At all events , Idrimi\u0026#39;s treaty with Pilliya and his destruction of the Hittite border towns had ominous implications for Hatti . Mitanni would not long rest content with the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA121","page_number":"121","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . But their actions did not have universal support . Forces loyal to the former king gathered under the leadership of Muwa , Muwattalli\u0026#39;s Chief of the Bodyguards ( GAL MEŠEDI ) , 3 probably the highest - ranking official of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA122","page_number":"122","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e in the intervening period . For example , should the events of the early New Kingdom which are associated with the name Tudhaliya be assigned to one or yet two kings so called ? The matter is further complicated 122 A New Era Begins."},{"page_id":"PA123","page_number":"123","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e was secure , Tudhaliya applied himself vigorously to the task of reasserting Hatti\u0026#39;s status as a major international power in the Near East . It was a formidable task . Hatti had ceased to have any effective influence in Syria\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA127","page_number":"127","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . 25 For the present , a year\u0026#39;s respite from battle enabled Tudhaliya and his forces to regather their strength to deal with yet another major threat to Hatti — this time on the eastern frontier . Here lay the kingdom of Isuwa\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA129","page_number":"129","snippet_text":"Trevor Bryce. making him his co - regent and eventual successor to the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e.34 Provision had clearly been made in the Proclamation of Telipinu for a king\u0026#39;s son - in - law to succeed him on the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . Arnuwanda proved a loyal and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA139","page_number":"139","snippet_text":"... while Tudhaliya still occupied the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e.64 At all events with Tudhaliya\u0026#39;s conclusion of an alliance with Sunash- shura , the way to Syria now lay open before him.65 Return to Syria Details of the Hittites \u0026#39; new Syrian A New Era Begins\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA144","page_number":"144","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e , the successor and probably the son of Saushtatar . Under his leadership , Mitanni sought to regain what it had ignominiously lost to the Hittites , and to stake once again its claim to sovereignty over its former subject states\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA154","page_number":"154","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eThrone\u003c/b\u003e In spite of his close partnership with his father , and in spite of the role he had played in the restoration of the kingdom , Suppiluliuma was not intended for the mantle of kingship after his father\u0026#39;s death . The heir to the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA155","page_number":"155","snippet_text":"... and may by this time have been sharing the pharaonic \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e with his son Amenhotep IV (soon to rename himself Akhenaten).7 For the. Figure 3. Double - headed eagle , symbol of imperial power. The Supremacy of Hatti 155."},{"page_id":"PA156","page_number":"156","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e by his son Shuttarna II, perhaps the king respon- sible for re-establishing Mitannian control over the Land of Isuwa.10 He may also have incited the Isuwan attack on Hittite territory during Tudhaliya III\u0026#39;s reign. But on\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA158","page_number":"158","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e. The treaty presumably required at least benevolent neutrality from Artatama in the Hittites\u0026#39; forthcoming conflict with Tushratta, in return for an undertaking by Suppiluliuma to support Artatama\u0026#39;s ac- cession to the Mitannian \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA160","page_number":"160","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e, he was quite prepared to deal ruthlessly with members of his family who stood in the way of the achievement of his objectives. Whatever the reasons for Henti\u0026#39;s sudden disappearance from our records, she had left Suppiluliuma\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA173","page_number":"173","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e had been seized by his younger brother Ilirabih. Exiled from his own city, he went back to Beirut for temporary refuge with Ammunira while seeking support from Egypt for restoration to his \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e.98 In spite of promises from\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA174","page_number":"174","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of Kadesh as a Hittite vassal and was a declared enemy of Egypt. With a scarcely veiled accusation of outright treachery, Akhenaten now issued a peremptory demand that Aziru or his son now appear before him: Now the king has\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA175","page_number":"175","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of the kingdom of Ugarit. Tette had been installed as vassal ruler of Nuhashshi.108 Kadesh was removed from the Egyptian orbit and became a Hittite vassal state when Suppiluliuma put Aitakkama on its \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e. Aziru had eventually\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA179","page_number":"179","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e ! Little wonder that Suppiluliuma decided to send his chamberlain Hattusa - ziti to Egypt to determine the sincerity of the queen\u0026#39;s request before he acceded to it . 126 In the meantime , Suppiluliuma turned his attention back to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA182","page_number":"182","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e without further delay . The man who now became pharaoh is depicted on one of the walls of Tutankhamun\u0026#39;s tomb , performing the final ceremonies before the tomb was sealed . His name was Ay . Suspicion inevitably falls on him as\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA183","page_number":"183","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . It is scarcely surprising that Suppilu- liuma — and posterity — should blame Ay for the Hittite prince\u0026#39;s death . But he was probably innocent of the crime . From the fragmentary remains of a letter written by Suppiluliuma to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA184","page_number":"184","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e. A struggle ensued, which ended with Shattiwaza being forced to abandon the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e and flee for his life, first to Babylonia and then to Hatti where he sought Suppiluliuma\u0026#39;s assistance in reinstating him. Contrary to any previous\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA185","page_number":"185","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e: Having supported by my hand Shattiwaza, son of Tushratta the king, I will let him sit upon his father\u0026#39;s \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e. And in order that the Land of Mitanni—which is a great country—be not destroyed, I, the Great King, King of Hatti\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA191","page_number":"191","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eThrone\u003c/b\u003e The reaction of Hatti\u0026#39;s enemies to the news of Mursili\u0026#39;s accession was one of undisguised contempt : When my ... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e and was previously a great warrior fell ill , and he also became a god . Yet he who has recently sat\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA195","page_number":"195","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . But he had proved disloyal , as Mursili reminded him : Once when brothers expelled you your from your land , I recommended you to the people of Karkisa and also rewarded the people of Karkisa on your behalf . In spite of that\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA204","page_number":"204","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . Mursili himself succeeded in regaining from the Assyrians control of the kingdom of Carchemish . Before leaving Syria , he installed Sharri- Kushuh\u0026#39;s son Shahurunuwa on the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of Carchemish , and then proceeded to the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA211","page_number":"211","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e, his son Muwattalli and his grandson Urhi-Teshub.92 This has led to some debate among scholars. How many Danuhepas were there—one or two? The question is complicated by the fact that Urhi-Teshub also assumed the name Mursili as a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA213","page_number":"213","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e by his adopted son.103 Mashuiluwa had now become a dangerous liability . The nobles of Masa withdrew their protection from him , and demanded that he give himself up to his Hittite overlord . When he refused , they seized him and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA226","page_number":"226","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . 14 Muwattalli stressed in the treaty the outstanding loyalty displayed by Wilusa in the past , particularly by its king Kuk- kunni , 15 and the obligations of its current ruler both to act as watchdog of Hittite interests in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA227","page_number":"227","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of the Seha River Land at the time the treaty with Alaksandu was drawn up.16 But he was becoming an increasing liability to his overlord , particularly at a time when it was essential to ensure strong and stable leadership\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA233","page_number":"233","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e - Seti\u0026#39;s son Ramesses II . Preparations for the Conflict From his early years Ramesses had been prepared by his father for the succession , and probably in his mid - teens was officially designated as prince - regent . On Seti\u0026#39;s\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA241","page_number":"241","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e by a man called Shapili , about whom nothing else is known.54 But Benteshina\u0026#39;s career was far from over . He had found favour with Muwattalli\u0026#39;s brother Hattusili , who apparently accepted his protest that he had been com- pelled\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA245","page_number":"245","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . The \u0026#39; worst case \u0026#39; scenario was avoided on this occasion . But in avoid- ing it , Muwattalli had laid the foundations for ongoing disputes within his own family which in the long term may have contributed to the kingdom\u0026#39;s final\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA247","page_number":"247","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e , were both illegal and unpopular with many of his subjects . Hattusili\u0026#39;s concern to justify what he had done inevitably led to a biased treatment of the events in which he was involved . Above all he sought to portray his\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA251","page_number":"251","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e. Apart from being a major source of support and comfort to him, she became an astute diplomatist in the international arena. We shall return to her below. The nuptials completed, Hattusili could not afford further delay in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA252","page_number":"252","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e for himself. Muwattalli did in fact have a son whom he had designated as his successor. But the son, Urhi-Teshub, was the child of a secondary wife ( DUMU ESˇERTI ).21 He still had a right to the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e, in terms of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA253","page_number":"253","snippet_text":"Trevor Bryce. On ascending the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e , Urhi - Teshub adopted the name Mursili ( III ) .25 This , the name of his grandfather , was perhaps in itself an implicit statement of his right to sit upon the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of his predecessors , and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA254","page_number":"254","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e was now occupied by his son Masturi . Contrary to Muwattalli\u0026#39;s wishes , Urhi - Teshub allowed Manapa- Tarhunda to return from exile , 33 although Masturi apparently retained the vassal \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . His ailing father presumably lived\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA255","page_number":"255","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e.41 There is a further question . Did Urhi - Teshub carry out the actions recorded in our document while his father was still on the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e , or after his death ? Some scholars have argued for the former.42 But it is difficult to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA262","page_number":"262","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of Hattusa that loyalties in the region would lie . Conscious of this Urhi - Teshub appointed Arma - Tarhunda\u0026#39;s son Sip- paziti , whom he had recalled from exile , to gather troops for him in the Upper Land . The price of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA263","page_number":"263","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . But his coup did not have the wholehearted support of his subjects . In a proclamation to the people of Hattusa he acknowledged the division in the population between his own supporters and those of Urhi- Teshub.67 Indeed there\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA264","page_number":"264","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . The new king might also have relied on his former protégé Benteshina , now restored to the vassal \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of the nearby kingdom of Amurru , to keep a close eye on Urhi - Teshub\u0026#39;s conduct and alert him to any suspicious\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA266","page_number":"266","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e, and the persistent efforts of the deposed king Urhi-Teshub to regain the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e—if necessary with foreign sup- port. Above all, Hattusili needed to persuade his royal counterparts— particularly the kings of Assyria, Babylonia\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA267","page_number":"267","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e and broaden the base of support he could call upon if that position became imperilled . The vassal was reminded that he had Hattusili to thank for his restoration to the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of Hatti and International Diplomacy 267."},{"page_id":"PA268","page_number":"268","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e he had won by force while his deposed predecessor remained at large and under the protection of the most powerful of his royal coun- terparts , Ramesses , pharaoh of Egypt . This undoubtedly exacerbated tensions between Hatti and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA269","page_number":"269","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e was seized from his brother . At the time of Muwattalli\u0026#39;s death , Urhi - Teshub clearly had priority over Kurunta in the royal succession . The latter was presumably of the same status as his brother ( i.e. son of a secondary\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA270","page_number":"270","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . The timing was probably deliberate . Given that the coup had led to civil war in the homeland and serious division within Hattusa itself , Urhi - Teshub must have had a significant follow- ing amongst his subjects , at least in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA271","page_number":"271","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e in Tarhuntassa for the one in Hattusa . As a son of Muwattalli , Kurunta had a right to the Hittite \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . But unless he forced his claim , he could never hope to become Great King . Hattusili had made it quite clear that after\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA273","page_number":"273","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . But his loyalty to any other member of Hattusili\u0026#39;s family , even Nerikkaili who had long had a prior claim upon the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e , could have been open to question . Perhaps this influenced Hattusili\u0026#39;s decision to designate Tudhaliya\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA276","page_number":"276","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of Hatti . Indeed it might induce Ramesses , finally , to surrender Urhi - Teshub to Hattusili\u0026#39;s authority . The treaty would also endorse the right of succes- sion in Hattusili\u0026#39;s own line . This was an important consideration\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA280","page_number":"280","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e, and might well make a serious attempt to get it back if he had Egyptian backing, Hattusili was probably all the more careful to avoid a rekind- ling of hostilities with Egypt. Aside from that, Ramesses undoubtedly found in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA284","page_number":"284","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . Indeed he issued Hattusili with an invitation to visit him , shortly after the conclusion of the treaty . Hattusili seems initially to have accepted the invitation , though probably with less enthusiasm than Ramesses has led us\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA293","page_number":"293","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e from Urhi - Teshub , and had then occupied it for at least the next twenty - five years . He was at least in his seventies when he died.115 In his final years , his ability to perform effectively the responsibilities of kingship\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA295","page_number":"295","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e for himself , Tudhaliya\u0026#39;s prospects of following his father upon the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e must still have seemed remote . For his older brother Nerikkaili had been appointed to the office of tuhkanti which carried with it the expectation , if\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA296","page_number":"296","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e with him for a time . In view of his age and state of health in the later years of his reign , and particularly in view of the potential for conflict among a number of possible claimants upon the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e after his death , this\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA297","page_number":"297","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eThrone\u003c/b\u003e In order to help secure the succession in Hattusili\u0026#39;s family line , the future king needed a wife . Strangely , we can find no explicit reference to a consort of Tudhaliya , either in texts or in seal impressions . Yet it would\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA298","page_number":"298","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e from c.1254-1246 following the reign of Kadashman - Enlil II.17 If the Baby- lonian princess became Tudhaliya\u0026#39;s wife , then this must have been the period in which his marriage took place - some years before he acceded to his\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA301","page_number":"301","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of Amurru , Tudhaliya still showed great concern about his personal security and the security of his \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e : Because however , I made you , Shaushgamuwa , my brother - in - law , so protect My Sun in his kingship . Thereafter\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA302","page_number":"302","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e was the alleged injustice of his actions , particularly towards his uncle , and more generally his alleged unfitness to retain royal power . Thus the reason stated by Masturi for his oppos- ition to Urhi - Teshub was quite\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA306","page_number":"306","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of Mira during the latter years of Tudhaliya\u0026#39;s reign (see below).58 Of particular interest is the information which the text-join provides about a king of Wilusa called Walmu, and the events in which he was caught up. (We recall\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA320","page_number":"320","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e for a time, he succeeded in regaining it, and shortly afterwards commenced an ambitious restoration and rebuilding project in the upper city.122 Written records have yet to provide clear evidence for a coup by Kurunta.123 That is\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA324","page_number":"324","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e and the potential to which this gave rise for ongoing challenges by a number of contenders for the kingship from the various branches of the royal family. Yet severe though these pressures undoubtedly were, the reign of Tudhaliya\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA327","page_number":"327","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e has left him as no more than a passing footnote in the history of the Hittite monarchy . Apart from seal impressions bearing his name , 1 and a reference to him in a coronation oath to his successor , we have no further\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA352","page_number":"352","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of the Hittite capital was still occupied.119 Singer, however, has challenged this latter assumption, arguing that on chrono- logical and stylistic grounds Hartapu\u0026#39;s inscriptions belong more appro- priately to the period before\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA353","page_number":"353","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e - name Mursili and adopted the title \u0026#39; Great King \u0026#39; as a defiant assertion of his right to the title and as a challenge to the present occupant of the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e in Hattusa . Hartapu followed in his father\u0026#39;s footsteps . Was he\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA376","page_number":"376","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e , the names are not always in the correct chronological order , and there are inconsistencies between the seven different versions of the lists . Further , the lists end with the reign of the king Muwattalli II who died c.1272 BC\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA417","page_number":"417","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e ) ; see Goetze ( 1957a : 56 ) , Easton ( 1981 : 26 ) , Astour ( 1989 : 24 ) . 35. In referring to his accession in the Proclamation , Telipinu states that he sat upon the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of his father ( $ 24 , II 16 ) . Since we know\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA441","page_number":"441","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e under the \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e name Smenkhkare . Contra his arguments , see Sadowska ( 2000 ) . 133. See PD no . 2 , 36–9 , obv . 1 f . 134. For further discussion of the murder and what followed from it , see Freu ( 2003a : 133-8 ) . 135\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA455","page_number":"455","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e - name Mursili on his accession . ) In add- ition to these , numerous seal impressions from the Nişantepe archive bear the joint names of Danuhepa and Urhi - Teshub or Mursili ( III ) ; see Neve ( 1992a : 313 ) . These seal\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA465","page_number":"465","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e of Hatti ) and king of Tarhuntassa simultaneously . Pace van den Hout ( 1995a : 89 ) , I think this unlikely . In fact on the basis of earlier precedents with the viceroys of Carchemish and Aleppo , appointment to a viceregal\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA466","page_number":"466","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e . Although that was now some years in the past , Ramesses could not resist the temptation of reminding his treaty - partner of what the Assyrian king had said to him . However , Edel , ÄHK 11 , 41 , suggests that the statement in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA475","page_number":"475","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e when Tudhaliya drew up treaty with Kurunta ( bronze tablet §27 , iv 32 ) . Cf. Güterbock ( 1992a : 235 ) . his ( 2001 ) and for its reading ( and the. 51. To judge from the fact that his father had occupied the vassal \u003cb\u003ethrone\u003c/b\u003e for\u0026nbsp;..."}],"search_query_escaped":"throne"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>