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</li> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Medieval </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tudor_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tudor_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Tudor period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tudor_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Civil War and aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Industrial age </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_War_(1914–1918)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_War_(1914–1918)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Great War (1914–1918) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_War_(1914–1918)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_expansion_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_expansion_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Urban expansion and development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_expansion_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_bombing_of_Coventry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_bombing_of_Coventry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 German bombing of Coventry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_bombing_of_Coventry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Post-Second World War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Redevelopment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redevelopment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.1 Redevelopment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redevelopment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boom_and_bust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boom_and_bust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.2 Boom and bust </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boom_and_bust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_boundaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_boundaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 City boundaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_boundaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suburbs_and_other_surrounding_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suburbs_and_other_surrounding_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Suburbs and other surrounding areas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suburbs_and_other_surrounding_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Compass </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Places of interest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cathedral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cathedral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Cathedral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cathedral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Cultural institutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_and_national_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_and_national_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Local and national government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_and_national_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_affiliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_affiliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Council affiliation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council_affiliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twinning_with_other_cities;_"city_of_peace_and_reconciliation"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twinning_with_other_cities;_"city_of_peace_and_reconciliation""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Twinning with other cities; "city of peace and reconciliation" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twinning_with_other_cities;_"city_of_peace_and_reconciliation"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Arts and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Arts and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature_and_drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Literature and drama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_drama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Music and cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs_and_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs_and_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Customs and traditions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customs_and_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Coventry_Flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Coventry_Flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 The Coventry Flag </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Coventry_Flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venues_and_shopping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venues_and_shopping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Venues and shopping </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venues_and_shopping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Sport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Rugby Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby_League" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby_League"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Rugby League </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby_League-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speedway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speedway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Speedway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speedway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Ice hockey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ice_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stock_car_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stock_car_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Stock car racing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stock_car_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cricket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cricket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Cricket </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cricket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Athletics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Field_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.9 Field hockey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Field_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.10 Golf </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.11 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Redevelopment_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redevelopment_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Redevelopment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redevelopment_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.1 Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Written_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Written_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.2 Written media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Written_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_news" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_news"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.3 Television news </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_news-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital-only_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital-only_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.4 Digital-only media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital-only_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Public services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emergency_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Emergency services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Electricity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waste_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waste_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Waste management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waste_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Light rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Bus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.6 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Accent </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Accent-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Accent subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Accent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coventry_and_Birmingham_accents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coventry_and_Birmingham_accents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Coventry and Birmingham accents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coventry_and_Birmingham_accents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coventry_accent_on_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coventry_accent_on_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Coventry accent on television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coventry_accent_on_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities_and_further_education_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities_and_further_education_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Universities and further education colleges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities_and_further_education_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people_associated_with_Coventry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people_associated_with_Coventry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notable people associated with Coventry </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people_associated_with_Coventry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people associated with Coventry subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people_associated_with_Coventry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 History and politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science,_technology_and_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science,_technology_and_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Science, technology and business </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science,_technology_and_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 The arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.4 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Freedom of the City </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Freedom of the City subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Military units </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisations_and_Groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisations_and_Groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Organisations and Groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisations_and_Groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Coventry</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 91 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" > 91 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofentreo" title="Cofentreo – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cofentreo" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="كوفنتري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوفنتري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koventri" title="Koventri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Koventri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کاونتری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاونتری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ковентры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ковентры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ковэнтры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ковэнтры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ковънтри – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ковънтри" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Coventry (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Coventry (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Κόβεντρι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόβεντρι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کاونتری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاونتری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%B2%88%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="코번트리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코번트리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Քովենտրի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քովենտրի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ковентри – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ковентри" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99" title="קובנטרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קובנטרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კოვენტრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოვენტრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventria" title="Coventria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Coventria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koventri" title="Koventri – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koventri" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koventris" title="Koventris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Koventris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="कॉव्हेंट्री – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॉव्हेंट्री" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%89" title="مدينه كوفنترى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه كوفنترى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کاونتری – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاونتری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯀꯣꯚꯦꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯚꯦꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ковэнтри – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ковэнтри" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကိုဗင်ထရီမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိုဗင်ထရီမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="コヴェントリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コヴェントリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couventr%C3%A9" title="Couventré – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Couventré" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کونٹری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کونٹری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ковентри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ковентри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ковентри – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ковентри" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ковентри – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ковентри" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="คอเวนทรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอเวนทรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%94wentri" title="Kɔwentri – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kɔwentri" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96" title="Ковентрі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ковентрі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کووینٹری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کووینٹری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E5%9E%82" title="考文垂 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="考文垂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%9B%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="高雲地利 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高雲地利" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Coventry" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E5%9E%82" title="考文垂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="考文垂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koventri" title="Koventri – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Koventri" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6225#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coventry&params=52_24_29_N_1_30_38_W_region:GB_type:city">52°24′29″N 1°30′38″W / 52.40806°N 1.51056°W / 52.40806; -1.51056</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cathedral city in the West Midlands, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in England. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Coventry_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Coventry (disambiguation)">Coventry (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and metropolitan borough in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Coventry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan borough</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="Coventry city centre skyline;height:128px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_City_Centre_(2020)_cropped_a_bit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coventry_City_Centre_%282020%29_cropped_a_bit.jpg/278px-Coventry_City_Centre_%282020%29_cropped_a_bit.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coventry_City_Centre_%282020%29_cropped_a_bit.jpg/417px-Coventry_City_Centre_%282020%29_cropped_a_bit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coventry_City_Centre_%282020%29_cropped_a_bit.jpg/556px-Coventry_City_Centre_%282020%29_cropped_a_bit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4892" data-file-height="2259" /></a></div><div>Coventry city centre skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="Coventry city centre skyline;height:102px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Cathedral_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Coventry_Cathedral_2018.jpg/137px-Coventry_Cathedral_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Coventry_Cathedral_2018.jpg/206px-Coventry_Cathedral_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Coventry_Cathedral_2018.jpg/274px-Coventry_Cathedral_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4125" data-file-height="3084" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">Coventry Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="Coventry city centre skyline;height:102px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Whittle_Arch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Whittle_Arch.jpg/137px-Whittle_Arch.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Whittle_Arch.jpg/206px-Whittle_Arch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Whittle_Arch.jpg/274px-Whittle_Arch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Whittle_Arch" title="Whittle Arch">Whittle Arch</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div style="Coventry city centre skyline;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Council_House,_Coventry_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Council_House%2C_Coventry_%28Cropped%29.jpg/141px-The_Council_House%2C_Coventry_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Council_House%2C_Coventry_%28Cropped%29.jpg/212px-The_Council_House%2C_Coventry_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Council_House%2C_Coventry_%28Cropped%29.jpg/282px-The_Council_House%2C_Coventry_%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="841" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Council_House,_Coventry" title="Council House, Coventry">Coventry Council House</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="Coventry city centre skyline;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Transport_Museum_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg/133px-Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg/200px-Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg/266px-Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Transport_Museum" title="Coventry Transport Museum">Coventry Transport Museum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="Coventry city centre skyline;height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Site_of_Spon_Gate_(geograph_7030634).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Site_of_Spon_Gate_%28geograph_7030634%29.jpg/137px-Site_of_Spon_Gate_%28geograph_7030634%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Site_of_Spon_Gate_%28geograph_7030634%29.jpg/206px-Site_of_Spon_Gate_%28geograph_7030634%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Site_of_Spon_Gate_%28geograph_7030634%29.jpg/274px-Site_of_Spon_Gate_%28geograph_7030634%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Spon_Street" title="Spon Street">Spon Street</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="Coventry city centre skyline;height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Upper_Precinct_(geograph_7197058).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197058%29.jpg/137px-The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197058%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197058%29.jpg/206px-The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197058%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197058%29.jpg/274px-The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197058%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1069" /></a></div><div>The Precinct</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_city_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Coventry"><img alt="Flag of Coventry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coventry_city_flag.svg/130px-Coventry_city_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coventry_city_flag.svg/195px-Coventry_city_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coventry_city_flag.svg/260px-Coventry_city_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="531" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Coventry_City_Council.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Coventry"><img alt="Official logo of Coventry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_Arms_of_Coventry_City_Council.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Coventry_City_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_Arms_of_Coventry_City_Council.svg/135px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Coventry_City_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_Arms_of_Coventry_City_Council.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Coventry_City_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="1034" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shown within the West Midlands (county)"><img alt="Shown within the West Midlands (county)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Coventry_UK_locator_map.svg/250px-Coventry_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Coventry_UK_locator_map.svg/375px-Coventry_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Coventry_UK_locator_map.svg/500px-Coventry_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="974" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Shown within the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands (county)</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:England_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coventry is located in England"><img alt="Coventry is located in England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-England_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-England_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-England_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2002" data-file-height="2431" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.471%;left:59.879%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Coventry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Coventry</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within England</div>Show map of England</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coventry is located in the United Kingdom"><img alt="Coventry is located in the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="2083" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.6%;left:71.89%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Coventry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Coventry</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United Kingdom</div>Show map of the United Kingdom</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coventry is located in Europe"><img alt="Coventry is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.526%;left:20.34%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Coventry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Coventry</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Europe</div>Show map of Europe</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coventry&params=52_24_29_N_1_30_38_W_region:GB_type:city">52°24′29″N 1°30′38″W / 52.40806°N 1.51056°W / 52.40806; -1.51056</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">England</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Council_House,_Coventry" title="Council House, Coventry">Council House</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1043</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leofric,_Earl_of_Mercia" title="Leofric, Earl of Mercia">Leofric, Earl of Mercia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan borough</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Council" title="Coventry City Council">Coventry City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Executive_arrangements#Leader_and_cabinet" title="Executive arrangements">Leadership</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2000#Options_for_council_executive_forms" title="Local Government Act 2000">Leader and cabinet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Coventry" title="List of mayors of Coventry">Lord Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mal Mutton<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Council">Council Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data">George Duggins <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">(L)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_(head_of_government)" title="Chief executive (head of government)">Chief Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Julie Nugent</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Creagh" title="Mary Creagh">Mary Creagh</a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">(L)</a> <a href="/wiki/Taiwo_Owatemi" title="Taiwo Owatemi">Taiwo Owatemi</a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">(L)</a> <a href="/wiki/Zarah_Sultana" title="Zarah Sultana">Zarah Sultana</a> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">(Ind)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan borough</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">38.09 sq mi (98.64 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021 Census)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan borough</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">345,324 <a href="#cite_note-census2021-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">8,050/sq mi (3,108/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">651,600<a href="#cite_note-appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Coventrian Coventarian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/CV_postcode_area" title="CV postcode area">CV</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">024</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GB" title="ISO 3166-2:GB">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GB-COV</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ONS_coding_system" title="ONS coding system">ONS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">00CQ (ONS) E08000026 (GSS)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/British_national_grid_reference_system" class="mw-redirect" title="British national grid reference system">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coventry&params=52.403491_N_1.509020_W_region:GB_scale:25000">SP335785</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">NUTS</a> 3</th><td class="infobox-data">UKG33</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2021 population<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">345,328</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnicity (2011 Census)<a href="#cite_note-2011census-5">[5]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">73.8% White (66.6% White British) 16.3% Asian 5.5% Black 2.7% Mixed Race 1.6% Other</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coventry.gov.uk">coventry.gov.uk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_a0ddded40f71806a88e45101c5830785dd17fc74"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Coventry&revid=1258741278&groups=_a0ddded40f71806a88e45101c5830785dd17fc74" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Coventry&revid=1258741278&groups=_a0ddded40f71806a88e45101c5830785dd17fc74 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Click the map for an interactive fullscreen view</td></tr></tbody></table> Coventry (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkɒvəntri/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2f\/En-uk-Coventry.ogg\/En-uk-Coventry.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-uk-Coventry.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/En-uk-Coventry.ogg/En-uk-Coventry.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-uk-Coventry.ogg" title="File:En-uk-Coventry.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KOV-ən-tree</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> or rarely <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkʌv-/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KUV-</a>)<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">cathedral city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan borough</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a> county, in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/River_Sherbourne" title="River Sherbourne">River Sherbourne</a>. Coventry had been a large settlement for centuries. Founded in the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, its city status was formally recognised in a charter of 1345.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The city is governed by <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Council" title="Coventry City Council">Coventry City Council</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Combined_Authority" title="West Midlands Combined Authority">West Midlands Combined Authority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Formerly</a> part of <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a> until 1451, and again from 1842 to 1974, Coventry had a population of 345,324 at the 2021 census,<a href="#cite_note-census2021-1">[1]</a> making it the tenth largest city in England and the 13th largest in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> It is the second largest city in the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands region</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, from which it is separated by an area of <a href="/wiki/Green_belt_(United_Kingdom)" title="Green belt (United Kingdom)">green belt</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Meriden_Gap" title="Meriden Gap">Meriden Gap</a>; it is the third largest in the wider <a href="/wiki/Midlands" title="Midlands">Midlands</a> after Birmingham and <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>. The city is part of a larger <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_and_Bedworth_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry and Bedworth Urban Area">Coventry and Bedworth Urban Area</a>, which in 2021 had a population of 389,603.<a href="#cite_note-citpopCovBed-11">[11]</a> Coventry is 19 miles (31 km) east-south-east of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Leicester, 10 miles (16 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a> and 94 miles (151 km) north-west of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. Coventry is also the most central city in England, being only 12 miles (19 km) south-west of the country's geographical centre in <a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Coventry became an important and wealthy city of national importance during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. Later it became an important industrial centre, becoming home to a large <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycle</a> industry in the 19th century. In the 20th century, it became a major centre of the <a href="/wiki/British_motor_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="British motor industry">British motor industry</a>; this made it a target for German <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">air raids</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, and in November 1940, much of the historic city centre was destroyed by a <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blitz" title="Coventry Blitz">large air raid</a>. The city was rebuilt after the war, and the motor industry thrived until the mid-1970s. However, by the late-1970s/early-1980s, Coventry was in an economic crisis, with one of the country's highest levels of unemployment due to major plant closures and the collapse of the respective local supply-chain. In recent years, it has seen regeneration and an increase in population. The city also has three universities: <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a> in the city centre, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> on the southern outskirts and the smaller <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a> <a href="/wiki/Arden_University" title="Arden University">Arden University</a> with its headquarters close to <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Airport" title="Coventry Airport">Coventry Airport</a>. In addition, Coventry was awarded <a href="/wiki/UK_City_of_Culture" title="UK City of Culture">UK City of Culture</a> for 2021.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Coventry" title="History of Coventry">History of Coventry</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_toponymy">Origins and toponymy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins and toponymy">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Romans</a> founded a large <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">fort</a> on the outskirts of what is now Coventry at <a href="/wiki/Baginton" title="Baginton">Baginton</a>, next to the <a href="/wiki/River_Sowe" title="River Sowe">River Sowe</a>, it has been excavated and partially reconstructed in modern times and is known as the <a href="/wiki/Lunt_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunt Fort">Lunt Fort</a>. The fort was probably constructed around AD 60 in connection with the <a href="/wiki/Boudican_revolt" title="Boudican revolt">Boudican revolt</a>, and then inhabited sporadically until around 280 AD.<a href="#cite_note-Lunt_UoW-17">[17]</a> The origins of the present settlement are obscure, but Coventry probably began as an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> settlement. Although there are various theories of the origin of the name, the most widely accepted is that it was derived from Cofa's tree; derived from a Saxon landowner called Cofa, and a tree which might have marked either the centre or the boundary of the settlement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters201911–14-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medieval">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Mary%27s_guildhall,_Bayley_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_886437.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/St_Mary%27s_guildhall%2C_Bayley_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_886437.jpg/170px-St_Mary%27s_guildhall%2C_Bayley_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_886437.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/St_Mary%27s_guildhall%2C_Bayley_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_886437.jpg/255px-St_Mary%27s_guildhall%2C_Bayley_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_886437.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/St_Mary%27s_guildhall%2C_Bayley_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_886437.jpg/340px-St_Mary%27s_guildhall%2C_Bayley_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_886437.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Guildhall" title="St Mary's Guildhall">St Mary's Guildhall</a>, dating from the 14th century; one of the most notable surviving medieval buildings in Coventry</figcaption></figure> Around <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> AD 700 a Saxon nunnery was founded here by <a href="/wiki/St_Osburg%27s_Church,_Coventry" title="St Osburg's Church, Coventry">St Osburga</a>,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> which was later left in ruins by <a href="/wiki/Canute_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Canute the Great">King Canute's</a> invading <a href="/wiki/Danes_(Germanic_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danes (Germanic tribe)">Danish</a> army in 1016.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters201911–14-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leofric,_Earl_of_Mercia" title="Leofric, Earl of Mercia">Leofric, Earl of Mercia</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Lady_Godiva" title="Lady Godiva">Lady Godiva</a> built on the remains of the nunnery and founded a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> in 1043 dedicated to St Mary.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> It was during this time that the <a href="/wiki/Lady_Godiva#Legend" title="Lady Godiva">legend</a> of Lady Godiva riding naked on horseback through the streets of Coventry, to protest against unjust taxes levied on the citizens of Coventry by her husband, was alleged to have occurred. Although this story is regarded as a myth by modern historians, it has become an enduring part of Coventry's identity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters201916–20-22">[22]</a> A market was established at the abbey gates and the settlement expanded. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a> in 1066, Coventry was probably a modest sized town of around 1,200 inhabitants, and its own <a href="/wiki/Minster_(church)" title="Minster (church)">minster</a> church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters201911–14-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Castle" title="Coventry Castle">Coventry Castle</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Motte_and_bailey_castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Motte and bailey castle">motte and bailey castle</a> in the city. It was built in the early 12th century by <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_de_Gernon,_4th_Earl_of_Chester" title="Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester">Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester</a>. Its first known use was during <a href="/wiki/The_Anarchy" title="The Anarchy">The Anarchy</a> when <a href="/wiki/Robert_Marmion_(died_1144)" title="Robert Marmion (died 1144)">Robert Marmion</a>, a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England" title="Stephen, King of England">King Stephen</a>, expelled the monks from the adjacent <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Priory_and_Cathedral" title="St Mary's Priory and Cathedral">priory of Saint Mary</a> in 1144, and converted it into a fortress from which he waged a battle against the castle which was held by the Earl. Marmion perished in the battle.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> It was demolished in the late 12th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters201928–34-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Guildhall" title="St Mary's Guildhall">St Mary's Guildhall</a> was built on part of the site. It is assumed the name "Broadgate" comes from the area around the castle gates. The Bishops of <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Bishopric_of_Lichfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Bishopric of Lichfield">Lichfield</a> were often referred to as the Bishops of Coventry and Lichfield, or Lichfield and Coventry (from 1102 to 1541), and in the medieval period Coventry was a major centre of pilgrimage of religion.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a> all had religious houses in the city of Coventry. The <a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusian</a> Priory of St Anne was built between 1381 and 1410 with royal patronage from <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">King Richard II</a> and his queen <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne of Bohemia</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Coventry has some surviving religious artworks from this time, such as the <a href="/wiki/Doom_painting" title="Doom painting">doom painting</a> at <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Coventry" title="Holy Trinity Church, Coventry">Holy Trinity Church</a> which features Christ in judgement, figures of the resurrected, and contrasting images of Heaven and Hell.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> By the 13th century, Coventry had become an important centre of the cloth trade, especially blue cloth dyed with <a href="/wiki/Woad" class="mw-redirect" title="Woad">woad</a> and known as <a href="/wiki/Coventry_blue" title="Coventry blue">Coventry blue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, it was one of the largest and most important cities in England, which at its Medieval height in the early 15th century had a population of up to 10,000, making it the most important city in the <a href="/wiki/Midlands" title="Midlands">Midlands</a>, and possibly the fourth largest in England behind <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CovasCounty-29">[29]</a> Reflecting its importance, in around 1355, work began on a defensive <a href="/wiki/History_of_Coventry#City_walls" title="History of Coventry">city wall</a>, which, when finally finished around 175 years later in 1530, measured 2.25 miles (3.62 km) long, at least 12 feet (3.7 m) high, and up to 9 feet (2.7 m) thick, it had two towers and twelve gatehouses. Coventry's city walls were described as one of the wonders of the late Middle Ages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters201951,_110–111-30">[30]</a> Today, Swanswell Gate and Cook Street Gate are the only surviving gatehouses and they stand in the city centre framed by <a href="/wiki/Lady_Herbert%27s_Garden" title="Lady Herbert's Garden">Lady Herbert's Garden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Coventry claimed the <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">status of a city</a> by <a href="/wiki/Time_immemorial" title="Time immemorial">ancient prescriptive usage</a>, and was granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">charter of incorporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">King Edward III</a> in 1345. The motto "Camera Principis" (the Prince's Chamber) refers to <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Black_Prince" title="Edward the Black Prince">Edward, the Black Prince</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In 1451 Coventry became a <a href="/wiki/County_of_the_City_of_Coventry" title="County of the City of Coventry">county in its own right</a>, a status it retained until 1842, when it was reincorporated into <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Coventry,_cropped_from_Warwickshire_-_John_Speed_Map_1610.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_Coventry%2C_cropped_from_Warwickshire_-_John_Speed_Map_1610.jpg/220px-Map_of_Coventry%2C_cropped_from_Warwickshire_-_John_Speed_Map_1610.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_Coventry%2C_cropped_from_Warwickshire_-_John_Speed_Map_1610.jpg/330px-Map_of_Coventry%2C_cropped_from_Warwickshire_-_John_Speed_Map_1610.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_Coventry%2C_cropped_from_Warwickshire_-_John_Speed_Map_1610.jpg/440px-Map_of_Coventry%2C_cropped_from_Warwickshire_-_John_Speed_Map_1610.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1326" /></a><figcaption>Map of Coventry by <a href="/wiki/John_Speed" title="John Speed">John Speed</a>, published around 1610, showing the street layout and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Coventry#City_walls" title="History of Coventry">city walls</a>.</figcaption></figure> Coventry's importance during the Middle Ages was such, that on a two occasions a national <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a> was held there, as well as a number of <a href="/wiki/Great_Council_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Council of England">Great Councils</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In 1404, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">King Henry IV</a> summoned a parliament in Coventry as he needed money to fight rebellion, which wealthy cities such as Coventry lent to him. During the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>, the Royal Court was moved to Coventry by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>, as she believed that London had become too unsafe. On several occasions between 1456 and 1459 parliament was held in Coventry, including the so-called <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Devils" title="Parliament of Devils">Parliament of Devils</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> For a while Coventry served as the effective seat of government, but this would come to an end in 1461 when <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a> was installed on the throne.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters201957,_68–69-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tudor_period">Tudor period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tudor period">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fords_Hospital_Almshouse_-_Coventry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Fords_Hospital_Almshouse_-_Coventry.jpg/220px-Fords_Hospital_Almshouse_-_Coventry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Fords_Hospital_Almshouse_-_Coventry.jpg/330px-Fords_Hospital_Almshouse_-_Coventry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Fords_Hospital_Almshouse_-_Coventry.jpg/440px-Fords_Hospital_Almshouse_-_Coventry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Ford's Hospital Almshouse.</figcaption></figure> In 1506 the draper Thomas Bond founded <a href="/wiki/Bond%27s_Hospital" title="Bond's Hospital">Bond's Hospital</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">almshouse</a> in Hill Street, to provide for 10 poor men and women.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> This was followed in 1509 with the founding of another almshouse, when the wool merchant William Ford founded <a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Hospital" title="Ford's Hospital">Ford's Hospital and Chantry</a> on Greyfriars' Lane, to provide for 5 poor men and their wives.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Throughout the Middle Ages Coventry had been home several <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastic</a> orders and the city was badly hit by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a>. Between 1539 and 1542, monasteries, priories and other properties belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Whitefriars,_Coventry" title="Whitefriars, Coventry">Carmelites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greyfriars,_Coventry" title="Greyfriars, Coventry">Greyfriars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carthusian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian">Carthusians</a>, were either sold off or dismantled. The greatest loss to the city was of Coventry's first Cathedral, <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Priory_and_Cathedral" title="St Mary's Priory and Cathedral">St Mary's Priory and Cathedral</a> which was mostly demolished, leaving only ruins, making it the only English Cathedral to be destroyed during the dissolution. Coventry would not have another Cathedral until 1918, when the parish <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">church of St Michael</a> was elevated to Cathedral status, and it was itself destroyed by enemy bombing in 1940. Coventry therefore has had the misfortune of losing its Cathedral twice in its history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters201982–85,_160-44">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, from nearby <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a>, may have witnessed plays in Coventry during his boyhood or 'teens', and these may have influenced how his plays, such as Hamlet, came about.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War_and_aftermath">Civil War and aftermath</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Civil War and aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swanswell_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Swanswell_Gate.jpg/220px-Swanswell_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Swanswell_Gate.jpg/330px-Swanswell_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Swanswell_Gate.jpg/440px-Swanswell_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption>Swanswell Gate, one of the remaining fragments of Coventry's city walls.</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> Coventry became a bastion of the <a href="/wiki/Roundheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundheads">Parliamentarians</a>: In August 1642, a <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> force led by <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> attacked Coventry. After a two-day battle, however, the attackers were unable to breach the city walls, and the city's garrison and townspeople successfully repelled the attack, forcing the King's forces to withdraw. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_English_Civil_War" title="Second English Civil War">Second Civil War</a> many Scottish Royalist prisoners were held in Coventry; it is thought likely that the idiom "<a href="/wiki/Sent_to_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sent to Coventry">sent to Coventry</a>", meaning to <a href="/wiki/Ostracise" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostracise">ostracise</a> someone, derived from this period, owing to the often hostile attitude displayed towards the prisoners by the city folk.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019103–106-46">[46]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">restoration of the monarchy</a>, as punishment for the support given to the Parliamentarians, <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles II</a> ordered that the city's walls be <a href="/wiki/Slighting" title="Slighting">slighted</a> (damaged and made useless as defences) which was carried out in 1662.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019110–111-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_age">Industrial age</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Industrial age">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daimler_Grafton_Phaeton_1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Daimler_Grafton_Phaeton_1897.jpg/220px-Daimler_Grafton_Phaeton_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Daimler_Grafton_Phaeton_1897.jpg/330px-Daimler_Grafton_Phaeton_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Daimler_Grafton_Phaeton_1897.jpg/440px-Daimler_Grafton_Phaeton_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2843" data-file-height="2783" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> Grafton Phaeton; one of the earliest cars to be built in Coventry in 1897.</figcaption></figure>In the 18th and early 19th centuries, silk <a href="/wiki/Ribbon" title="Ribbon">ribbon</a> <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">clock</a> making became Coventry's staple industries. In the 1780s, the silk ribbon weaving industry was estimated to employ around 10,000 weavers in Coventry, and its surrounding towns like <a href="/wiki/Bedworth" title="Bedworth">Bedworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuneaton" title="Nuneaton">Nuneaton</a>. Coventry's growth was aided by the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Canal" title="Coventry Canal">Coventry Canal</a> in 1769, which gave the city a connection to the growing national canal network. Nevertheless, during the 18th century, Coventry lost its status as the Midlands' most important city to nearby <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, which overtook Coventry in size.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019119–121-48">[48]</a> During the same period, Coventry became one of the three main British centres of <a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">clock</a> manufacture and ranked alongside <a href="/wiki/Prescot" title="Prescot">Prescot</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clerkenwell" title="Clerkenwell">Clerkenwell</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-cwm-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> By the 1850s, Coventry had overshadowed its rivals to become the main centre of British watch and clock manufacture, which by that time employed around 2,000 people. The watch and clock industry produced a pool of highly skilled craftsmen, who specialised in producing precision components,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019128–129,_143-51">[51]</a> and the Coventry Watchmakers' Association was founded in 1858.<a href="#cite_note-:9-52">[52]</a> As the city prospered industrially in the 18th and early 19th centuries, several Coventry newspapers were founded. These include Jopson's Coventry Mercury, first issued by James Jopson of Hay Lane in 1741; the Coventry Gazette and Birmingham Chronicle, first published in 1757; the Coventry Herald, first published in 1808; the Coventry Observer, first published in 1827; and the Coventry Advertiser, first published in 1852.<a href="#cite_note-:9-52">[52]</a> The ribbon weaving and clock industries both rapidly collapsed after 1860, due to cheap imports following the <a href="/wiki/Cobden%E2%80%93Chevalier_Treaty" title="Cobden–Chevalier Treaty">Cobden–Chevalier free trade treaty</a>, which flooded the market with cheaper <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> silks, and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Made" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Made">Swiss Made</a> clocks and watches. For a while, this caused a devastating slump in Coventry's economy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019143–144-53">[53]</a> A second wave of industrialisation, however, began soon after. Coventry's pool of highly skilled workers attracted <a href="/wiki/James_Starley" title="James Starley">James Starley</a>, who set up a company producing <a href="/wiki/Sewing_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewing machines">sewing machines</a> in Coventry in 1861. Within a decade, he became interested in <a href="/wiki/Bicycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycles">bicycles</a>, and developed the <a href="/wiki/Penny-farthing" title="Penny-farthing">penny-farthing</a> design in 1870. His company soon began producing these bicycles, and Coventry soon became the centre of the British bicycle industry. Further innovation came from Starley's nephew, <a href="/wiki/John_Kemp_Starley" title="John Kemp Starley">John Kemp Starley</a>, who developed the <a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover</a> <a href="/wiki/Safety_bicycle" title="Safety bicycle">safety bicycle</a>, the first true modern bicycle with two equal-sized wheels and a chain drive in 1885.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019145–150-54">[54]</a> By the 1890s Coventry had the largest bicycle industry in the world, with numerous manufacturers, however bicycle manufacture went into steady decline from then on, and ended entirely in 1959, when the last bicycle manufacturer in the city relocated.<a href="#cite_note-CTbicycle-55">[55]</a> By the late-1890s, bicycle manufacture began to evolve into <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">motor</a> manufacture. The first <a href="/wiki/Motor_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor car">motor car</a> was made in Coventry in 1897, by the <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler Company</a>. Before long Coventry became established as one of the major centres of the <a href="/wiki/British_motor_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="British motor industry">British motor industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019145–150-54">[54]</a> In the early-to-mid 20th century, a number of famous names in the British motor industry became established in Coventry, including <a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singer_Motors" title="Singer Motors">Singer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swift_Motor_Company" title="Swift Motor Company">Swift</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BHOLcraftsandindustry-56">[56]</a> Thanks to the growth of the car industry attracting workers, Coventry's population doubled between 1901 and 1911.<a href="#cite_note-:9-52">[52]</a> For most of the early-20th century, Coventry's economy boomed; in the 1930s, a decade otherwise known for its <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Great Depression in the United Kingdom">economic slump</a>, Coventry was noted for its affluence. In 1937 Coventry topped a national purchasing power index, designed to calculate the purchasing power of the public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019161–162-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_War_(1914–1918)">Great War (1914–1918)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Great War (1914–1918)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_in_War_Memorial_Park_in_Coventry_14g06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Monument_in_War_Memorial_Park_in_Coventry_14g06.jpg/220px-Monument_in_War_Memorial_Park_in_Coventry_14g06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Monument_in_War_Memorial_Park_in_Coventry_14g06.jpg/330px-Monument_in_War_Memorial_Park_in_Coventry_14g06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Monument_in_War_Memorial_Park_in_Coventry_14g06.jpg/440px-Monument_in_War_Memorial_Park_in_Coventry_14g06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Cenotaph at the War Memorial Park.</figcaption></figure> Many Coventry factories switched production to military vehicles, armaments and ammunitions during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">Great War.</a> Approximately 35,000 men from Coventry and Warwickshire served during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> so most of the skilled factory workers were women drafted from all over the country.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Due to the importance of war production in Coventry it was a target for German <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">zeppelin</a> attacks and defensive anti-aircraft guns were established at Keresley and Wyken Grange to protect the city.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In June 1921, the <a href="/wiki/War_Memorial_Park,_Coventry" title="War Memorial Park, Coventry">War Memorial Park</a> was opened on the former <a href="/wiki/Stivichall" title="Stivichall">Styvechale</a> Common<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> to commemorate the 2587 soldiers<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> from the city who lost their lives in the war. The War Memorial was designed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Tickner" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Francis Tickner">Thomas Francis Tickner</a> and is a Grade II* building.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> It was unveiled by <a href="/wiki/Earl_Haig" title="Earl Haig">Earl Haig</a> in 1927, with a room called the Chamber of Silence inside the monument holding the roll of honour.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Soldiers who lost their lives in recent conflicts have been added to the roll of honour over the years.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_expansion_and_development">Urban expansion and development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Urban expansion and development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Broadgate_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coventry_Broadgate_1917.jpg/220px-Coventry_Broadgate_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coventry_Broadgate_1917.jpg/330px-Coventry_Broadgate_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coventry_Broadgate_1917.jpg/440px-Coventry_Broadgate_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Broadgate, Coventry, in 1917</figcaption></figure> With many of the city's older properties becoming increasingly unfit for habitation, the first <a href="/wiki/Council_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Council housing">council houses</a> were let to their tenants in 1917. With Coventry's industrial base continuing to soar after the end of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">Great War</a> in 1918, numerous private and council housing developments took place across the city in the 1920s and 1930s to provide housing for the large influx of workers who came to work in the city's booming factories. The areas which were expanded or created in this development included <a href="/wiki/Radford,_Coventry" title="Radford, Coventry">Radford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coundon,_Coventry" title="Coundon, Coventry">Coundon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canley" title="Canley">Canley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheylesmore" title="Cheylesmore">Cheylesmore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stoke_Heath,_Coventry" title="Stoke Heath, Coventry">Stoke Heath</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019153–169-66">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_being_redeveloped_in_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coventry_being_redeveloped_in_1936.jpg/220px-Coventry_being_redeveloped_in_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coventry_being_redeveloped_in_1936.jpg/330px-Coventry_being_redeveloped_in_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coventry_being_redeveloped_in_1936.jpg/440px-Coventry_being_redeveloped_in_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>Coventry city centre being redeveloped in 1936 during modernisation</figcaption></figure> As the population grew, the city boundaries underwent several expansions, in 1890, 1928, 1931 and 1965,<a href="#cite_note-BHOLintro-67">[67]</a> and between 1931 and 1940 the city grew by 36%.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The development of a southern by-pass around the city, starting in the 1930s and being completed in 1940, helped deliver more urban areas to the city on previously rural land. In the 1910s plans were created to redevelop Coventry's narrow streets and by the 1930s the plans were put into action with Coventry's medieval street of Butcher Row being demolished.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> even before the war, the plans had been put in place to destroy the medieval character of Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The <a href="/wiki/London_Road_Cemetery" title="London Road Cemetery">London Road Cemetery</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paxton" title="Joseph Paxton">Joseph Paxton</a> on the site of a former quarry to meet the needs of the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_bombing_of_Coventry">German bombing of Coventry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: German bombing of Coventry">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blitz" title="Coventry Blitz">Coventry Blitz</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_bomb_damage_H5600.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coventry_bomb_damage_H5600.jpg/220px-Coventry_bomb_damage_H5600.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coventry_bomb_damage_H5600.jpg/330px-Coventry_bomb_damage_H5600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coventry_bomb_damage_H5600.jpg/440px-Coventry_bomb_damage_H5600.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3290" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Coventry city centre after the massive air raid of 14/15 November 1940</figcaption></figure> Coventry suffered severe bomb damage during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. The most severe was a massive <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">air raid</a> that the Germans called Operation Moonlight Sonata. The raid, which involved more than 500 aircraft, started at 7pm on 14 November 1940 and carried on for 11 hours into the morning of 15 November. The raid led to severe damage to large areas of the city centre and to <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">Coventry's historic cathedral</a>, leaving only a shell and the spire. More than 4,000 houses were damaged or destroyed, along with around three quarters of the city's industrial plants. Between 380 and 554 people were killed, with thousands injured and homeless.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Aside from London, <a href="/wiki/Hull_Blitz" title="Hull Blitz">Hull</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Blitz" title="Plymouth Blitz">Plymouth</a>, Coventry suffered more damage than any other British city during the Luftwaffe attacks, with huge firestorms devastating most of the city centre. The city was probably targeted owing to its high concentration of armaments, munitions, aircraft and aero-engine plants which contributed greatly to the British war effort, although there have been claims that <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a> launched the attack as revenge for the bombing of <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> six days before the Coventry Blitz and chose the Midlands city because its medieval heart was regarded as one of the finest in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Following the raids, the majority of Coventry's historic buildings were demolished by a council who saw no need of them in a modern city, although some of them could have been repaired and some of those demolished were unaffected by the bombing. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Second_World_War">Post-Second World War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-Second World War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belvedere_over_Coventry.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Belvedere_over_Coventry.png/220px-Belvedere_over_Coventry.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Belvedere_over_Coventry.png/330px-Belvedere_over_Coventry.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Belvedere_over_Coventry.png/440px-Belvedere_over_Coventry.png 2x" data-file-width="3581" data-file-height="2701" /></a><figcaption>A helicopter placing the <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A8che_(architecture)" title="Flèche (architecture)">Flèche</a> (spire) on top of the new Coventry Cathedral in 1962.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Redevelopment">Redevelopment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Redevelopment">edit</a>]</div> In the post-war years Coventry was largely rebuilt under the general direction of the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Gibson_(architect)" title="Donald Gibson (architect)">Gibson Plan</a>, gaining a new pedestrianised shopping precinct (the first of its kind in Europe on such a scale) and in 1962 Sir <a href="/wiki/Basil_Spence" title="Basil Spence">Basil Spence</a>'s much-celebrated new <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">St Michael's Cathedral</a> (incorporating one of the world's largest tapestries) was consecrated. Its prefabricated steel spire (flèche) was lowered into place by helicopter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019170–186-73">[73]</a> Further housing developments in the private and public sector took place after the Second World War, partly to accommodate the growing population of the city and also to replace condemned and bomb damaged properties. Several new suburbs were constructed in the post-war period, including <a href="/wiki/Tile_Hill" title="Tile Hill">Tile Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_End,_Coventry" title="Wood End, Coventry">Wood End</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stoke_Aldermoor" title="Stoke Aldermoor">Stoke Aldermoor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019170–186-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boom_and_bust">Boom and bust</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Boom and bust">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NSB_Reynolds_Coventry_Market_Way_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/NSB_Reynolds_Coventry_Market_Way_1964.jpg/220px-NSB_Reynolds_Coventry_Market_Way_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/NSB_Reynolds_Coventry_Market_Way_1964.jpg/330px-NSB_Reynolds_Coventry_Market_Way_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/NSB_Reynolds_Coventry_Market_Way_1964.jpg/440px-NSB_Reynolds_Coventry_Market_Way_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2929" data-file-height="2821" /></a><figcaption>Market Way, 1964</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Upper_Precinct_(geograph_7197057).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197057%29.jpg/220px-The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197057%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197057%29.jpg/330px-The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197057%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197057%29.jpg/440px-The_Upper_Precinct_%28geograph_7197057%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1069" /></a><figcaption>Coventry precinct with spire of ruined cathedral in the background, part of the post-war redevelopment of the city centre</figcaption></figure> Coventry's motor industry boomed during the 1950s and 1960s and Coventry enjoyed a 'golden age'. In 1960 over 81,000 people were employed in the production of motor vehicles, tractors and aircraft in Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-BHOLcraftsandindustry-56">[56]</a> During this period the disposable income of Coventrians was amongst the highest in the country and both the sports and the arts benefited. A new sports centre, with one of the few Olympic standard swimming pools in the UK, was constructed and <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry City Football Club">Coventry City Football Club</a> reached the First Division of English Football. The <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Theatre" title="Belgrade Theatre">Belgrade Theatre</a> (named in recognition of a gift of timber from the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavian</a> capital city<a href="#cite_note-:9-52">[52]</a>) was also constructed along with the <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Art Gallery">Herbert Art Gallery</a>. Coventry's pedestrianised Precinct shopping area came into its own and was considered one of the finest retail experiences outside London. In 1965 the new <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> campus was opened to students, and rapidly became one of the country's leading higher-education institutions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019170–186-73">[73]</a> Coventry's large industrial base made it attractive to the wave of <a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="South Asians in the United Kingdom">Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> immigrants who arrived from <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> colonies after 1948. In 1950, one of Britain's first <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a>—and the very first in Coventry—was opened on Eagle Street to serve the city's growing Pakistani community.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The 1970s, however, saw a decline in the British motor industry and Coventry suffered particularly badly, especially towards the end of that decade. By the 1970s, most of Coventry's motor companies had been absorbed and rationalised into larger companies, such as <a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Europe" title="Chrysler Europe">Chrysler</a> which subsequently collapsed. The <a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession" title="Early 1980s recession">early 1980s recession</a> dealt Coventry a particularly severe blow: By 1981, Coventry was in an economic crisis, with one in six of its residents unemployed. By 1982, the number of British Leyland employees in the city had fallen from 27,000 at its height, to just 8,000. Other Coventry industrial giants such as the tool manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Herbert_(company)" title="Alfred Herbert (company)">Alfred Herbert</a> also collapsed during this time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019170–186-73">[73]</a> In the late-1970s and early-1980s, Coventry also became the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Two-tone_(music_genre)" title="Two-tone (music genre)">Two-tone</a> musical phenomena. The two-tone style was multi-racial, derived from the traditional <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaican music">Jamaican music</a> genres of <a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">ska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rocksteady" title="Rocksteady">rocksteady</a> combined with elements of <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a>. Bands considered part of the genre include <a href="/wiki/The_Specials" title="The Specials">the Specials</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Selecter" title="The Selecter">the Selecter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madness_(band)" title="Madness (band)">Madness</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Beat_(British_band)" title="The Beat (British band)">the Beat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bad_Manners" title="Bad Manners">Bad Manners</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bodysnatchers_(band)" title="The Bodysnatchers (band)">the Bodysnatchers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akrylykz" title="Akrylykz">Akrylykz</a>. Most famously the Specials 1981 UK no.1 hit '<a href="/wiki/Ghost_Town_(The_Specials_song)" title="Ghost Town (The Specials song)">Ghost Town</a>' reflected the unemployment and desolation of Coventry at the time.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> Some motor manufacturing continued into the early 21st century: The research and design headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar Cars</a> is in the city at their <a href="/wiki/Whitley_plant" title="Whitley plant">Whitley plant</a> and although vehicle assembly ceased at the <a href="/wiki/Browns_Lane_plant" title="Browns Lane plant">Browns Lane plant</a> in 2004, Jaguar's head office returned to the city in 2011, and is also sited in Whitley. Jaguar is owned by the Indian company, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a>. The closure of the <a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> factory at <a href="/wiki/Ryton-on-Dunsmore" title="Ryton-on-Dunsmore">Ryton-on-Dunsmore</a> in 2006, ended volume car manufacture in Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019170–186-73">[73]</a> By 2008, only one motor manufacturing plant was operational, that of LTI Ltd, producing the popular <a href="/wiki/TX4" title="TX4">TX4</a> taxi cabs. On 17 March 2010 LTI announced they would no longer be producing bodies and chassis in Coventry, instead producing them in <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a> and shipping them in for final assembly in Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Since the 1980s, Coventry has recovered, with its economy diversifying into services, with engineering ceasing to be a mass employer, what remains of manufacturing in the city is driven by smaller more specialist firms. By the 2010s the biggest drivers of Coventry's economy had become its two large universities; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a>, which between them, had 60,000 students, and a combined annual budget of around £1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2019170–186-73">[73]</a> In 2021 Coventry became the <a href="/wiki/UK_City_of_Culture" title="UK City of Culture">UK City of Culture</a>. A range of artistic and local history events and projects took place over the next year, including "Coventrypedia" and the creation of the Coventry Atlas local history map. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> As with the rest of the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> and the Midlands, Coventry experiences a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime climate">maritime climate</a> with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest Met Office weather station is Coundon/Coventry Bablake. Temperature extremes recorded in Coventry range from −18.2 °C (−0.8 °F) in February 1947, to 38.9 °C (102.0 °F) in July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The lowest temperature reading of recent years was −10.8 °C (12.6 °F) during December 2010.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Coventry (<a href="/wiki/Coundon,_Coventry" title="Coundon, Coventry">Coundon</a>),<a href="#cite_note-81">[a]</a> elevation: 122 m (400 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1892–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1 (95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 (46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6 (56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8 (62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7 (67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5 (70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.2 (57.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 (40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 (40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 (40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 (35.2) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 (35.2) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 (37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 (40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 (51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4 (54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 (35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.7 (1.9) </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.2 (−0.8) </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.6 (3.9) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.1 (21.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0 (23.0) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6 (30.9) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 (38.1) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 (33.4) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1 (30.0) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9 (23.2) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.9 (16.0) </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.1 (3.0) </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−18.2 (−0.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.4 (2.42) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.8 (1.84) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.6 (1.80) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.1 (1.93) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7 (2.07) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.8 (2.59) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.2 (2.41) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.2 (2.61) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.9 (2.16) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.7 (2.70) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.6 (2.54) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3 (2.41) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">698.3 (27.49) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">123.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #707070; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.4 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.0 </td> <td style="background: #B4B46D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.1 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.1 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">191.6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.6 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.6 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000;" class="notheme">137.1 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.6 </td> <td style="background: #777777; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.1 </td> <td style="background: #6F6F6F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.0 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,507.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-82">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: BWS<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> RMetS<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Weather station is located 0.5 miles (0.8 km) from the Coventry city centre. </li> </ol></div></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Airport" title="Coventry Airport">Coventry Airport</a>, 6km from Coventry </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (36) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (36) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 (41) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 (45) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (50) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 (54) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 (54) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (50) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 (46) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 (41) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7 (44) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Time and Date (between 1985–2015)<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_boundaries">City boundaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: City boundaries">edit</a>]</div> Coventry forms the largest part of the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_and_Bedworth_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry and Bedworth Urban Area">Coventry and Bedworth Urban Area</a>. The city proper covers an area of almost 100 km2 (39 sq mi). The protected <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Green_Belt" title="West Midlands Green Belt">West Midlands Green Belt</a>, which surrounds the city on all sides, has prevented the expansion of the city into both the administrative county of <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a> and the metropolitan borough of <a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Meriden_Gap" title="Meriden Gap">Meriden Gap</a>), and has helped to prevent the coalescence of the city with surrounding towns such as <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth" title="Kenilworth">Kenilworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuneaton" title="Nuneaton">Nuneaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leamington_Spa" title="Leamington Spa">Leamington Spa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire" title="Rugby, Warwickshire">Rugby</a> as well as the large village of <a href="/wiki/Balsall_Common" title="Balsall Common">Balsall Common</a>. Panoramic views of Coventry City Centre from the cathedral tower <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:792px;max-width:792px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:208px;max-width:208px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_North_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_North_Panorama.jpg/206px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_North_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_North_Panorama.jpg/309px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_North_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_North_Panorama.jpg/412px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_North_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6925" data-file-height="2503" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">North</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_South_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_South_Panorama.jpg/190px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_South_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_South_Panorama.jpg/285px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_South_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_South_Panorama.jpg/380px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_South_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6446" data-file-height="2526" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">South</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_East_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_East_Panorama.jpg/182px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_East_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_East_Panorama.jpg/273px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_East_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_East_Panorama.jpg/364px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_East_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6483" data-file-height="2657" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">East</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:200px;max-width:200px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_West_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_West_Panorama.jpg/198px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_West_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_West_Panorama.jpg/297px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_West_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_West_Panorama.jpg/396px-Coventry_Cathedral_Tower_West_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6498" data-file-height="2439" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">West</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suburbs_and_other_surrounding_areas">Suburbs and other surrounding areas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Suburbs and other surrounding areas">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 13em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderman%27s_Green" title="Alderman's Green">Alderman's Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allesley" title="Allesley">Allesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allesley" title="Allesley">Allesley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allesley" title="Allesley">Allesley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Green,_Warwickshire" title="Ash Green, Warwickshire">Ash Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_Hill" title="Ball Hill">Ball Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerbrook_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Bannerbrook Park">Bannerbrook Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Green" title="Bell Green">Bell Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binley,_Coventry" title="Binley, Coventry">Binley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopsgate_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopsgate Green">Bishopsgate Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownshill_Green" title="Brownshill Green">Brownshill Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canley" title="Canley">Canley</a> & Canley Gardens</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Park" title="Cannon Park">Cannon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapelfields,_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapelfields, Coventry">Chapelfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheylesmore" title="Cheylesmore">Cheylesmore</a></li> <li>Church End</li> <li>Clifford Park</li> <li>Copsewood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coundon,_Coventry" title="Coundon, Coventry">Coundon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courthouse_Green" title="Courthouse Green">Courthouse Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Green" title="Daimler Green">Daimler Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earlsdon,_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="Earlsdon, Coventry">Earlsdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Green" title="Eastern Green">Eastern Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgwick" title="Edgwick">Edgwick (or Edgewick)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesford_Grange" title="Ernesford Grange">Ernesford (or Ernsford) Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finham" title="Finham">Finham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stivichall" title="Stivichall">Fenside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foleshill" title="Foleshill">Foleshill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbet_Hill_(University_of_Warwick)" title="Gibbet Hill (University of Warwick)">Gibbet Hill</a></li> <li>Gosford Green</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Heath (page does not exist)">Great Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearsall_Common" title="Hearsall Common">Hearsall Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_Green" title="Henley Green">Henley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillfields" title="Hillfields">Hillfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holbrooks" title="Holbrooks">Holbrooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keresley" title="Keresley">Keresley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Heath,_Coventry" title="Little Heath, Coventry">Little Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longford,_Coventry" title="Longford, Coventry">Longford</a></li> <li>Middle Stoke</li> <li>Monks Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Nod" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Nod">Mount Nod</a></li> <li>Nailcote Grange</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Aldermoor" title="Stoke Aldermoor">Pinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potters_Green" title="Potters Green">Potters Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radford,_Coventry" title="Radford, Coventry">Radford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spon_End" title="Spon End">Spon End</a></li> <li>Stoke</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Heath,_Coventry" title="Stoke Heath, Coventry">Stoke Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Aldermoor" title="Stoke Aldermoor">Stoke Aldermoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stivichall" title="Stivichall">Stivichall (or Styvechale)</a></li> <li>Tanyard Farm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile_Hill" title="Tile Hill">Tile Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_Bar_End" title="Toll Bar End">Toll Bar End</a></li> <li>Upper Stoke</li> <li>Victoria Farm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsgrave" class="mw-redirect" title="Walsgrave">Walsgrave-on-Sowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_Heath" title="Westwood Heath">Westwood Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley,_Coventry" title="Whitley, Coventry">Whitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitmore_Park" title="Whitmore Park">Whitmore Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoberley" title="Whoberley">Whoberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willenhall,_Coventry" title="Willenhall, Coventry">Willenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_End,_Coventry" title="Wood End, Coventry">Wood End</a></li> <li>Woodway Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyken" title="Wyken">Wyken</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compass">Compass</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Compass">edit</a>]</div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Destinations_from_Coventry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Destinations_from_Coventry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Destinations from Coventry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuneaton" title="Nuneaton">Nuneaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bedworth" title="Bedworth">Bedworth</a>,</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinckley" title="Hinckley">Hinckley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Coventry<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire" title="Rugby, Warwickshire">Rugby</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redditch" title="Redditch">Redditch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenilworth" title="Kenilworth">Kenilworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leamington_Spa" title="Leamington Spa">Leamington Spa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daventry" title="Daventry">Daventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Places of interest">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cathedral">Cathedral</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cathedral">edit</a>]</div> The spire of the ruined cathedral forms one of the "three spires" which have dominated the city skyline since the 14th century, the others being those of <a href="/wiki/Greyfriars,_Coventry" title="Greyfriars, Coventry">Christ Church</a> (of which only the spire survives) and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Coventry" title="Holy Trinity Church, Coventry">Holy Trinity Church</a> (which is still in use). <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Cathedral_Ruins_with_Rainbow_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coventry_Cathedral_Ruins_with_Rainbow_edit.jpg/220px-Coventry_Cathedral_Ruins_with_Rainbow_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coventry_Cathedral_Ruins_with_Rainbow_edit.jpg/330px-Coventry_Cathedral_Ruins_with_Rainbow_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coventry_Cathedral_Ruins_with_Rainbow_edit.jpg/440px-Coventry_Cathedral_Ruins_with_Rainbow_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3405" data-file-height="2242" /></a><figcaption>The ruins of the old cathedral</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">St Michael's Cathedral</a> is Coventry's best-known landmark and visitor attraction. The 14th century church was largely destroyed by German bombing during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, leaving only the outer walls and spire. At 300 feet (91 metres) high, the spire of St Michael's is claimed to be the third tallest cathedral spire in England, after <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral" title="Salisbury Cathedral">Salisbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwich_Cathedral" title="Norwich Cathedral">Norwich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Due to the architectural design (in 1940 the tower had no internal wooden floors and a stone vault below the belfry) it survived the destruction of the rest of the cathedral. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Michael%27s_Coventry_Cathedral_-_the_nave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/St_Michael%27s_Coventry_Cathedral_-_the_nave.jpg/170px-St_Michael%27s_Coventry_Cathedral_-_the_nave.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/St_Michael%27s_Coventry_Cathedral_-_the_nave.jpg/255px-St_Michael%27s_Coventry_Cathedral_-_the_nave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/St_Michael%27s_Coventry_Cathedral_-_the_nave.jpg/340px-St_Michael%27s_Coventry_Cathedral_-_the_nave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> The new nave with <a href="/wiki/Christ_in_Glory_in_the_Tetramorph" title="Christ in Glory in the Tetramorph">Christ in Glory in the Tetramorph</a> tapestry</figcaption></figure> The new Coventry Cathedral was opened in 1962 next to the ruins of the old. It was designed by Sir <a href="/wiki/Basil_Spence" title="Basil Spence">Basil Spence</a>. The cathedral contains the tapestry <a href="/wiki/Christ_in_Glory_in_the_Tetramorph" title="Christ in Glory in the Tetramorph">Christ in Glory in the Tetramorph</a> by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Sutherland" title="Graham Sutherland">Graham Sutherland</a>. The bronze statue <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Victory_over_the_Devil" title="St Michael's Victory over the Devil">St Michael's Victory over the Devil</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Epstein" title="Jacob Epstein">Jacob Epstein</a> is mounted on the exterior of the new cathedral near the entrance. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a>'s <a href="/wiki/War_Requiem" title="War Requiem">War Requiem</a>, regarded by some as his masterpiece, was written for the opening of the new cathedral.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> The cathedral was featured in the 2009 film <a href="/wiki/Nativity!" title="Nativity!">Nativity!</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nativity-89">[88]</a> Coventry Cathedral is also notable for being one of the newest <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedrals</a> in the world, having been built following the Second World War bombing of the ancient cathedral by the Luftwaffe. Coventry has since developed an international reputation as one of Europe's major cities of peace and reconciliation,<a href="#cite_note-Cov_reconcil-90">[89]</a> centred on its cathedral, and holds an annual Peace Month.<a href="#cite_note-Cov_peace_month-91">[90]</a> John Lennon and Yoko Ono planted two acorns outside the cathedral in June 1968 to thank the city for making friends with others.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Coventry also has a Baptist church named <a href="/wiki/Queens_Road_Baptist_Church,_Coventry" title="Queens Road Baptist Church, Coventry">Queens Road Baptist Church</a>, which was first established in 1723 and moved to its current building in 1884. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cultural_institutions">Cultural institutions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cultural institutions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herbert_Art_Gallery_%5E_Museum_extension,_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4870561.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Herbert_Art_Gallery_%5E_Museum_extension%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4870561.jpg/220px-Herbert_Art_Gallery_%5E_Museum_extension%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4870561.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Herbert_Art_Gallery_%5E_Museum_extension%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4870561.jpg/330px-Herbert_Art_Gallery_%5E_Museum_extension%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4870561.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Herbert_Art_Gallery_%5E_Museum_extension%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4870561.jpg/440px-Herbert_Art_Gallery_%5E_Museum_extension%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4870561.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Herbert Art Gallery.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Art_Gallery_and_Museum" title="Herbert Art Gallery and Museum">Herbert Art Gallery and Museum</a> is one of the largest cultural institutions in Coventry. Another visitor attraction in the city centre is <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Transport_Museum" title="Coventry Transport Museum">Coventry Transport Museum</a>, which has the largest public collection of British-made road vehicles in the world.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> The most notable exhibits are the world speed record-breaking cars, <a href="/wiki/Thrust2" title="Thrust2">Thrust2</a> and <a href="/wiki/ThrustSSC" title="ThrustSSC">ThrustSSC</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> The museum received a refurbishment in 2004 which included the creation of a new entrance as part of the city's Phoenix Initiative project. It was a finalist for the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Gulbenkian_Prize" title="Gulbenkian Prize">Gulbenkian Prize</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Transport_Museum_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg/220px-Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg/330px-Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg/440px-Coventry_Transport_Museum_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Coventry Transport Museum.</figcaption></figure> Historic Coventry Trust (previously known as The Charterhouse Coventry Preservation Trust) was founded in 2011. The Trust is a social enterprise aiming to regenerate Coventry's historic buildings and landscapes. Their sites across Coventry include the <a href="/wiki/The_Charterhouse,_Coventry" title="The Charterhouse, Coventry">Charterhouse</a>, the two surviving City Gates, <a href="/wiki/Drapers%27_Hall,_Coventry" title="Drapers' Hall, Coventry">Drapers' Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Road_Cemetery" title="London Road Cemetery">London Road Cemetery</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paxton" title="Joseph Paxton">Paxton's</a> Arboretum and Priory Row.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> The £5 million <a href="/wiki/Fargo_Village" title="Fargo Village">Fargo Village</a> creative quarter shopping precinct was open in 2014 on Far Gosford Street with a mixture of retail units. About four miles (6.4 kilometres) from the city centre and just outside Coventry in <a href="/wiki/Baginton" title="Baginton">Baginton</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Lunt_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunt Fort">Lunt Fort</a>, a reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> fort on its original site. The <a href="/wiki/Midland_Air_Museum" title="Midland Air Museum">Midland Air Museum</a> is situated just within the perimeter of Coventry on land adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Airport" title="Coventry Airport">Coventry Airport</a> and near <a href="/wiki/Baginton" title="Baginton">Baginton</a>. Coventry was one of the main centres of watchmaking during the 18th and 19th centuries and as the industry declined, the skilled workers were key to setting up the cycle trade. A group of local enthusiasts founded the Coventry Watch Museum in <a href="/wiki/Spon_Street" title="Spon Street">Spon Street</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cwm-49">[49]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Midlands_Police_-_Coventry_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/West_Midlands_Police_-_Coventry_Museum.jpg/220px-West_Midlands_Police_-_Coventry_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/West_Midlands_Police_-_Coventry_Museum.jpg/330px-West_Midlands_Police_-_Coventry_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/West_Midlands_Police_-_Coventry_Museum.jpg/440px-West_Midlands_Police_-_Coventry_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>Exhibits in Coventry Police Museum</figcaption></figure> The city's main <a href="/wiki/Police_station" title="Police station">police station</a> in Little Park Street also hosts a museum of Coventry's police force. The museum, based underground, is split into two sections—one representing the history of the city's police force, and the other compiling some of the more unusual, interesting and grisly cases from the force's history. The museum is funded from charity donations—viewings can be made by appointment. <a href="/wiki/Hillfields#Coventry_City_Farm" title="Hillfields">Coventry City Farm</a> was a small farm in an urban setting. It was mainly to educate city children who might not get out to the countryside very often. The farm closed in 2008 due to funding problems.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Demography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Coventry" title="Demographics of Coventry">Demographics of Coventry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_demography_of_Coventry_over_time.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ethnic_demography_of_Coventry_over_time.gif/220px-Ethnic_demography_of_Coventry_over_time.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ethnic_demography_of_Coventry_over_time.gif/330px-Ethnic_demography_of_Coventry_over_time.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ethnic_demography_of_Coventry_over_time.gif/440px-Ethnic_demography_of_Coventry_over_time.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic demography of Coventry district over time</figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox" style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Coventry ethnicity demographics from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2021">2021 census</a><a href="#cite_note-census2021-1">[1]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Ethnicity</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>White (British, Irish, Other)</td> <td>226,246 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian (Indian, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Pakistani, Other)</td> <td>63,915 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black (African, Caribbean, Other)</td> <td>30,723 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed (White & Asian, White & Black African, White & Black Caribbean, Other)</td> <td>11,731 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other</td> <td>12,706 </td></tr></tbody></table> Coventry has an ethnic minority population which represented 34.5% of the population at the 2021 census.<a href="#cite_note-census2021-1">[1]</a> The ethnic minority population is concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Foleshill" title="Foleshill">Foleshill</a> and the <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s,_Coventry" title="St. Michael's, Coventry">St Michael's</a> wards.<a href="#cite_note-2011census-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is the largest non-Christian religion, but the composition of the ethnic minority population is not typical of the UK with significant numbers of other <a href="/wiki/South_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian">South Asians</a>. Both <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> religions are represented significantly higher than in the rest of the West Midlands in general.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> Coventry has a large student population (approximately 15,000 are non-UK<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a>) who are in the UK for 12 months or longer that are included in these figures. <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Coventry (2021 census)<a href="#cite_note-census2021-1">[1]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Per cent(%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:43.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">43.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:violet; width:29.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">29.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:10.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">10.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Undeclared</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:6.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:5.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:4.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gold; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:0.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:0.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.6%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Total population<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1801 </td> <td>21,853 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1851 </td> <td>48,120 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1901 </td> <td>88,107 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1911 </td> <td>117,958 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1921 </td> <td>144,197 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1931 </td> <td>176,303 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1941 </td> <td>214,380 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1951 </td> <td>260,685 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1961 </td> <td>296,016 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1971 </td> <td>336,136 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1981 </td> <td>310,223 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1991 </td> <td>305,342 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2001 </td> <td>300,844 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2007 </td> <td>306,700 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2009 </td> <td>309,800 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2010 </td> <td>310,500 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2011 </td> <td>316,960<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2013 </td> <td>329,810<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2014 </td> <td>337,428<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2015 </td> <td>345,385<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2016 </td> <td>352,911<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2017 </td> <td>360,100<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2018 </td> <td>366,785<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2021 </td> <td>345,328<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Coventry religious demographics from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2021">2021 census</a><a href="#cite_note-census2021-1">[1]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Religion</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>Christian</td> <td>151,577 </td></tr> <tr> <td>No Religion</td> <td>102,338 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muslim</td> <td>35,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Undeclared</td> <td>21,166 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sikh</td> <td>17,297 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hindu</td> <td>13,724 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buddhist</td> <td>1,257 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jewish</td> <td>259 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other</td> <td>1,908 </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the 2021 Census, 43.9% (151,577) of residents identified themselves as Christian making <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> the largest followed religion in the city. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> was the second most followed religion with 10.4% (35,800) of residents identifying with the religion. 5.0% (17,297) of Coventry's population were <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sikhism in the United Kingdom">Sikh</a>, disproportionately larger than the national average in England of 0.8%. <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a> made up 4.0% (13,724) of the resident population followed by <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a> at 0.4% (1,257) and <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jews</a> at 0.1% (259) respectively. The adherents of other religions made up 0.6% (1,908) of the city's population. Almost a third of Coventry residents, 29.6% (102,338), identified themselves as having <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a> and 6.1% did not declare any religion.<a href="#cite_note-census2021-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_and_national_government">Local and national government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Local and national government">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Council_House,_Coventry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/The_Council_House%2C_Coventry.jpg/220px-The_Council_House%2C_Coventry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/The_Council_House%2C_Coventry.jpg/330px-The_Council_House%2C_Coventry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/The_Council_House%2C_Coventry.jpg/440px-The_Council_House%2C_Coventry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Council_House,_Coventry" title="Council House, Coventry">The Council House, Coventry</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Council_House_coat_of_arms_over_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coventry_Council_House_coat_of_arms_over_entrance.jpg/220px-Coventry_Council_House_coat_of_arms_over_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coventry_Council_House_coat_of_arms_over_entrance.jpg/330px-Coventry_Council_House_coat_of_arms_over_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coventry_Council_House_coat_of_arms_over_entrance.jpg/440px-Coventry_Council_House_coat_of_arms_over_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="2996" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of Coventry above the Council House.</figcaption></figure> Traditionally a part of <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a> (although it was <a href="/wiki/County_of_the_City_of_Coventry" title="County of the City of Coventry">a county in its own right</a> for 400 years), Coventry became an independent <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a> in 1889. It later became a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan district">metropolitan district</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands county</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1974" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government Act 1974">Local Government Act 1974</a>, even though it was entirely separate to the Birmingham conurbation area (this is why Coventry appears to unnaturally "jut out" into Warwickshire on political maps of the UK). In 1986, the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_County_Council" title="West Midlands County Council">West Midlands County Council</a> was abolished and Coventry became administered as an effective <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a> in its own right. Coventry is administered by <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Council" title="Coventry City Council">Coventry City Council</a>, controlled since 2010 by the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>, and led since May 2016 by George Duggins.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> The city is divided up into 18 <a href="/wiki/Ward_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (politics)">Wards</a> each with three <a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">councillors</a>. The chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Council" title="Coventry City Council">council</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor of Coventry">Lord Mayor</a>, who has a casting vote. Certain local services are provided by West Midlands wide agencies including the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Police" title="West Midlands Police">West Midlands Police</a>, the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Fire_Service" title="West Midlands Fire Service">West Midlands Fire Service</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_West_Midlands" title="Transport for West Midlands">Transport for West Midlands</a> (Centro) which is responsible for <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a>. In 2006, Coventry and Warwickshire Ambulance Service was merged with the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Ambulance_Service" title="West Midlands Ambulance Service">West Midlands Ambulance Service</a>. The Warwickshire and Northamptonshire <a href="/wiki/Air_Ambulance" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Ambulance">Air Ambulance</a> service is based at <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Airport" title="Coventry Airport">Coventry Airport</a> in Baginton. Coventry is represented in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> by three <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Members of Parliament</a> (MPs). They are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Creagh" title="Mary Creagh">Mary Creagh</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Coventry_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Coventry East (UK Parliament constituency)">Coventry East</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarah_Sultana" title="Zarah Sultana">Zarah Sultana</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Coventry_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Coventry South (UK Parliament constituency)">Coventry South</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwo_Owatemi" title="Taiwo Owatemi">Taiwo Owatemi</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Coventry_North_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Coventry North West (UK Parliament constituency)">Coventry North West</a>)</li></ul> Up until 1997, Coventry was represented by four Members of Parliament, whereupon the Coventry South West and Coventry South East constituencies were merged to form Coventry South. On Tuesday, 10 September 2024, Zarah Sultana, the Member of Parliament for Coventry South, was suspended from the Labour Party for voting in favour of a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> amendment to end the <a href="/wiki/Benefit_cap" title="Benefit cap">two child benefit cap</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> On Thursday, 19 May 2016, Councillor Lindsley Harvard was inaugurated Lord Mayor of Coventry for 2016–17 as Coventry's 65th Lord Mayor. Councillor Lindsley Harvard has been a Labour Councillor serving on the council for fourteen years, for Earlsdon Ward (1996–2000) and for Longford Ward since 2006.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> On Thursday, 19 May 2016, Councillor Tony Skipper was inaugurated as the Deputy Lord Mayor of Coventry for 2016–17. He has been a Labour councillor since 1995; representing Earlsdon Ward between 1995 and 2001, and then Radford Ward since 2001.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Coventry" title="Bishop of Coventry">Bishop of Coventry</a> is <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cocksworth" title="Christopher Cocksworth">Christopher John Cocksworth</a>, who was consecrated on 3 July 2008.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Council_affiliation">Council affiliation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Council affiliation">edit</a>]</div> In May 2016, it was as follows<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Council_Composition.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coventry_Council_Composition.svg/360px-Coventry_Council_Composition.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coventry_Council_Composition.svg/540px-Coventry_Council_Composition.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coventry_Council_Composition.svg/720px-Coventry_Council_Composition.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Councillors </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#E4003B"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> </td> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#0087DC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th>54 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twinning_with_other_cities;_"city_of_peace_and_reconciliation"">Twinning with other cities; "city of peace and reconciliation"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Twinning with other cities; "city of peace and reconciliation"">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom">List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom</a></div> Coventry and <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>) were the world's first <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">'twin' cities</a> when they established a twinning relationship during the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> The relationship developed through ordinary people in Coventry who wanted to show their support for the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-coventry.gov.uk2-116">[115]</a> The city was also subsequently twinned with <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, as a gesture of peace and reconciliation following the Second World War. Each twin city country is represented in a specific ward of the city and in each ward has a peace garden dedicated to that twin city. Coventry is now twinned with 26 places across the world:<a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a> On 22 March 2022, Coventry City Council voted unanimously to suspend the twinning arrangement with <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a> in light of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-suspension-of-twinning-bbc-119">[118]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>City</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Year twinned</th> <th>Ward </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Graz-120">[119]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>Binley & Willenhall </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>Cheylesmore </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cornwall,_Ontario" title="Cornwall, Ontario">Cornwall, Ontario</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>1972</td> <td rowspan="3">Earlsdon </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Granby,_Quebec" title="Granby, Quebec">Granby, Quebec</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td>1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td>1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>1983</td> <td>Foleshill </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lidice" title="Lidice">Lidice</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>1947</td> <td rowspan="2">Henley </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td>1959 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning-121">[120]</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td rowspan="2">Longford </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning-121">[120]</a></td> <td>1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>1959</td> <td rowspan="2">Lower Stoke </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td>1947 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duna%C3%BAjv%C3%A1ros" title="Dunaújváros">Dunaújváros</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td rowspan="2">Radford </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kecskem%C3%A9t" title="Kecskemét">Kecskemét</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td>1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>1960</td> <td>Sherbourne </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td>St Michael's </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>1958</td> <td>Upper Stoke </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>Wainbody </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cork_twinnings-122">[121]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>1958</td> <td>Holbrooks </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td>Westwood </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>/Stalingrad<a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a> (suspended)<a href="#cite_note-suspension-of-twinning-bbc-119">[118]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>1944</td> <td>Whoberley </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>Woodlands </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry,_Connecticut" title="Coventry, Connecticut">Coventry, Connecticut</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td rowspan="3">Wyken </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry,_New_York" title="Coventry, New York">Coventry, New York</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td>1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry,_Rhode_Island" title="Coventry, Rhode Island">Coventry, Rhode Island</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-118">[117]</a></td> <td>1971 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Arts and culture">edit</a>]</div> On 7 December 2017 it was announced that the city would be the 2021 <a href="/wiki/UK_City_of_Culture" title="UK City of Culture">UK City of Culture</a>, being the third such place to hold the title after <a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a> in 2013 and <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> After the financial collapse of the Coventry City of Culture Trust,<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> set up to run legacy projects following Coventry's year as <a href="/wiki/UK_City_of_Culture" title="UK City of Culture">UK City of Culture</a> in 2021, local MP <a href="/wiki/Taiwo_Owatemi" title="Taiwo Owatemi">Taiwo Owatemi</a> raised an adjournment debate in the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature_and_drama">Literature and drama</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Literature and drama">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The African American actor <a href="/wiki/Ira_Aldridge" title="Ira Aldridge">Ira Aldridge</a> managed Coventry Theatre after impressing the people of the city with his acting during a tour in 1828. He was born in New York in 1807, but moved to England when he was18, and is considered the UK's first black Shakespearean performer.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a></li> <li>The poet <a href="/wiki/Philip_Larkin" title="Philip Larkin">Philip Larkin</a> was born and brought up in Coventry,<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> where his father was the City Treasurer.</li> <li>During the early 19th century, Coventry was well known due to author <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a> who was born near <a href="/wiki/Nuneaton" title="Nuneaton">Nuneaton</a>, Warwickshire. The city was the model for her famous novel <a href="/wiki/Middlemarch" title="Middlemarch">Middlemarch</a> (1871).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Carol" title="Coventry Carol">Coventry Carol</a> is named after the city of Coventry. It was a carol performed in the play The Pageant of the Shearman and Tailors, written in the 15th century as one of the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Mystery_Plays" title="Coventry Mystery Plays">Coventry Cycle Mystery Plays</a>. These plays depicted the nativity story, the lyrics of the Coventry Carol referring to the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a>, which was the basis of the Pageant of the Shearmen and Tailors. These plays were traditionally performed on the steps of the (old) cathedral. The <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Theatre" title="Belgrade Theatre">Belgrade Theatre</a> brought back the Coventry Mystery Plays in 2000 to mark the city's millennium celebrations: the theatre now produces the Mystery Plays every three years.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Theatre" title="Belgrade Theatre">Belgrade Theatre</a> was Britain's first purpose-built civic theatre, opened in 1958. In 1965 the world's first Theatre-in-Education (TiE) company was formed to develop theatre as a way of inspiring learning in schools. The TiE movement spread worldwide, the theatre still offers a number of programmes for young people across Coventry and has been widely recognised as a leader in the field. It was reopened in 2007 following a period of refurbishment.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a></li> <li>Novelist <a href="/wiki/Graham_Joyce" title="Graham Joyce">Graham Joyce</a>, winner of the <a href="/wiki/O._Henry_Award" title="O. Henry Award">O. Henry Award</a> is from <a href="/wiki/Keresley" title="Keresley">Keresley</a>. His <a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy Award</a>-winning novel "<a href="/wiki/The_Facts_of_Life_(Joyce_novel)" title="The Facts of Life (Joyce novel)">The Facts of Life</a>" is set in Coventry during the blitz and in the post-war rebuilding period.</li> <li>The playwright Alan Pollock<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> was brought up in Coventry. Other playwrights associated with the city include Nick Walker and Chris O'Connell – founder of the city's Theatre Absolute.</li> <li>Brian Saunders lived in Coventry and was featured, along with his partner Andrew Stuart Sutton and Pete and Les Cardy, in the series A Place In Greece in 2004 and 2005.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Specials_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Specials_crop.jpg/220px-The_Specials_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/The_Specials_crop.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>The Specials.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_cinema">Music and cinema</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Music and cinema">edit</a>]</div> During the late-1970s and early 1980s, Coventry was the centre of the <a href="/wiki/2_Tone_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Tone (music genre)">Two Tone</a> musical phenomenon, with bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Specials" title="The Specials">The Specials</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Selecter" title="The Selecter">The Selecter</a> coming from the city.<a href="#cite_note-Petridis-131">[130]</a> The Specials achieved two UK number 1 hit singles between 1979 and 1981, namely "<a href="/wiki/Too_Much_Too_Young_(The_Specials_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Too Much Too Young (The Specials song)">Too Much Too Young</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Ghost_Town_(The_Specials_song)" title="Ghost Town (The Specials song)">Ghost Town</a>". Coventry has a range of music events including an international jazz programme, the Coventry Jazz Festival, and the <a href="/wiki/Godiva_Festival" title="Godiva Festival">Godiva Festival</a>. On the Saturday of the Godiva Festival, a carnival parade starts in the city centre and makes its way to <a href="/wiki/War_Memorial_Park,_Coventry" title="War Memorial Park, Coventry">War Memorial Park</a> where the festival is held. Coventry's music is celebrated at The <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Music_Museum" title="Coventry Music Museum">Coventry Music Museum</a>, part of the 2-Tone Village complex.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Godiva_Festival_-Electric_Main_Stage-3July2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Godiva_Festival_-Electric_Main_Stage-3July2009.jpg/220px-Godiva_Festival_-Electric_Main_Stage-3July2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Godiva_Festival_-Electric_Main_Stage-3July2009.jpg/330px-Godiva_Festival_-Electric_Main_Stage-3July2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Godiva_Festival_-Electric_Main_Stage-3July2009.jpg/440px-Godiva_Festival_-Electric_Main_Stage-3July2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Godiva_Festival" title="Godiva Festival">Godiva Festival</a>, a major event on the Coventry arts and culture calendar</figcaption></figure> In the 1969 film <a href="/wiki/The_Italian_Job" title="The Italian Job">The Italian Job</a>, the famous scene of <a href="/wiki/Mini_Cooper" title="Mini Cooper">Mini Coopers</a> being driven at speed through <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>'s sewers was actually filmed in Coventry, using what were then the country's biggest sewer pipes, that were accessible because they were being installed. The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> medical TV drama series <a href="/wiki/Angels_(TV_series)" title="Angels (TV series)">Angels</a>, which ran from 1975 to 1983 was filmed at Walsgrave Hospital.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> More recently various locations in Coventry have been used in the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a> nominated film The Bouncer starring <a href="/wiki/Ray_Winstone" title="Ray Winstone">Ray Winstone</a>, All in the Game, also starring Ray Winstone (Ricoh Arena), the BBC sitcom <a href="/wiki/Keeping_Up_Appearances" title="Keeping Up Appearances">Keeping Up Appearances</a> (Stoke Aldermoor and Binley Woods districts). In August 2006 scenes from "<a href="/wiki/The_Shakespeare_Code" title="The Shakespeare Code">The Shakespeare Code</a>", an episode of the third series of <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a>, were filmed in the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Hospital" title="Ford's Hospital">Ford's Hospital</a>. The 2013 ITV comedy-drama <a href="/wiki/Love_and_Marriage_(2013_TV_series)" title="Love and Marriage (2013 TV series)">Love and Marriage</a> was also set in the city. Coventry is home to three major feature films the <a href="/wiki/Nativity!" title="Nativity!">Nativity</a>! franchise which are all shot and set in the city.<a href="#cite_note-:0-133">[132]</a> These Christmas films have all reached top box office spots on their release in UK cinemas. Their writer and director the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">Bafta</a> award-winning <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Isitt" title="Debbie Isitt">Debbie Isitt</a> is resident in the city. In 2023, the 10 part TV series <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Rise_(TV_series)" title="Phoenix Rise (TV series)">Phoenix Rise</a> was set and filmed in Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a> has announced that its <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1%27s_Big_Weekend" title="BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend">BBC Radio One's Big Weekend</a> will take place in Coventry at the end of May 2022, as part of the closing ceremony for the <a href="/wiki/UK_City_of_Culture" title="UK City of Culture">UK City of Culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Customs_and_traditions">Customs and traditions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Customs and traditions">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Godcakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Godcakes">Coventry Godcakes</a> are a regional delicacy, originating from the 14th century and are still baked today.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Coventry_Flag">The Coventry Flag</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: The Coventry Flag">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_city_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coventry_city_flag.svg/220px-Coventry_city_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coventry_city_flag.svg/330px-Coventry_city_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coventry_city_flag.svg/440px-Coventry_city_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Coventry flag</figcaption></figure> The Coventry Flag,<a href="#cite_note-auto1-138">[137]</a> designed by Simon Wyatt,<a href="#cite_note-auto-139">[138]</a> was adopted through a popular vote on 7 December 2018. The Coventry Flag represents the unique identity of the Warwickshire city and its residents. It emerged as the winner in a competition organised by <a href="/wiki/BBC_CWR" title="BBC CWR">BBC Coventry & Warwickshire</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-139">[138]</a> and proudly flew during Coventry's tenure as the UK City of Culture in 2021. The design features <a href="/wiki/Lady_Godiva" title="Lady Godiva">Lady Godiva</a>, a local heroine, depicted in black on a white pale, symbolising Coventry's history, principles, and its reputation as a city of peace. Sky blue panels on either side of Lady Godiva represent "Coventry Blue," reminiscent of the historic local textile industry and Coventry City Football Club, known as the "Sky Blues." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venues_and_shopping">Venues and shopping</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Venues and shopping">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warwick_Arts_Centre_2003.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Warwick_Arts_Centre_2003.JPG/220px-Warwick_Arts_Centre_2003.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Warwick_Arts_Centre_2003.JPG/330px-Warwick_Arts_Centre_2003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Warwick_Arts_Centre_2003.JPG/440px-Warwick_Arts_Centre_2003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Warwick Arts Centre in Warwick University Campus in the 1990s</figcaption></figure> There are several theatre, art and music venues in Coventry attracting popular sporting events and singing musicians. Along with this, the city has several retail parks located out of the city centre and its own shopping mall in the heart of the city: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_Arts_Centre" title="Warwick Arts Centre">Warwick Arts Centre</a>: situated at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a>, Warwick Arts Centre includes an art gallery, a theatre, a concert hall and a cinema.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo_Village" title="Fargo Village">FarGo Village</a>, a creative quarter with various independent businesses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Theatre_(Coventry)" title="Albany Theatre (Coventry)">Albany Theatre</a>: is the city's main community theatre. It is housed at what used to be the Butts Centre of <a href="/wiki/City_College_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="City College Coventry">City College Coventry</a>. Known as the Butts or College Theatre, it closed in 2009 with the sale of the college to private developers. The theatre re-opened in 2013 as the Albany Theatre, as part of the Premier Inn hotel on the site of the former Butts Technical College and is run as a charitable trust with support from the council.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broadgate_Square,_Coventry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Broadgate_Square%2C_Coventry.jpg/220px-Broadgate_Square%2C_Coventry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Broadgate_Square%2C_Coventry.jpg/330px-Broadgate_Square%2C_Coventry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Broadgate_Square%2C_Coventry.jpg/440px-Broadgate_Square%2C_Coventry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Broadgate Square in Coventry</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Theatre" title="Belgrade Theatre">Belgrade Theatre</a>: one of the largest producing theatres in Britain, the 858-seat Belgrade was the first civic theatre to be opened in the UK following the Second World War. The theatre underwent a huge redevelopment and reopened in September 2007; in addition to refurbishing the existing theatre, the redevelopment included a new 250-seat studio auditorium known as B2, a variety of rehearsal spaces and an exhibition space that traces the history of theatre in Coventry. It is surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Plaza" title="Belgrade Plaza">Belgrade Plaza</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_Memorial_Park,_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5085772.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/War_Memorial_Park%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5085772.jpg/220px-War_Memorial_Park%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5085772.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/War_Memorial_Park%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5085772.jpg/330px-War_Memorial_Park%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5085772.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/War_Memorial_Park%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5085772.jpg/440px-War_Memorial_Park%2C_Coventry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5085772.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>War Memorial Park</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Building_Society_Arena" title="Coventry Building Society Arena">Coventry Building Society Arena</a>: located 4 miles (6.4 kilometres) north of the city centre, the 32,600 capacity sports stadium which is home to the city's only professional football team <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_F.C." title="Coventry City F.C.">Coventry City</a>, who play in the second tier of English football, and is also used to hold major rock concerts for some of the world's biggest acts, including <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bon_Jovi" title="Bon Jovi">Bon Jovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Leon" title="Kings of Leon">Kings of Leon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a>. It was also one of the venues chosen for the footballing events at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Olympic Games">2012 Olympic Games</a>. The adjacent Jaguar Exhibition Hall is a 6,000-seat events venue for hosting a multitude of other acts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SkyDome_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="SkyDome Arena">SkyDome Arena</a>, which is a 3,000 capacity sports auditorium, and has played host to artists such as Girls Aloud, Paul Oakenfold and Judge Jules. It is the home ground for <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blaze" title="Coventry Blaze">Coventry Blaze</a> ice hockey club, and has also hosted professional wrestling events from WWE, TNA and Pro Wrestling Noah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Memorial_Park,_Coventry" title="War Memorial Park, Coventry">War Memorial Park</a>—known by locals simply as the Memorial Park—which holds various festivals including the <a href="/wiki/Godiva_Festival" title="Godiva Festival">Godiva Festival</a> and the Coventry Caribbean Festival, every year. It also host the weekly <a href="/wiki/Parkrun" title="Parkrun">Parkrun</a> event.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butts_Park_Arena" title="Butts Park Arena">Butts Park Arena</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/Coventry_R.F.C." title="Coventry R.F.C.">Coventry Rugby Football Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Bears" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Bears">Coventry Bears</a> Rugby League Club, holds music concerts occasionally.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criterion_Theatre_(Coventry)" title="Criterion Theatre (Coventry)">Criterion Theatre</a>, a small theatre, in <a href="/wiki/Earlsdon" title="Earlsdon">Earlsdon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coombe_Country_Park" title="Coombe Country Park">Coombe Country Park</a>, although outside the city boundary, Coventry City Council's only country park. It surrounds the former <a href="/wiki/Coombe_Abbey" title="Coombe Abbey">Coombe Abbey</a> which now operates as a hotel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wave,_Coventry" title="The Wave, Coventry">The Wave</a> – an <a href="/wiki/Indoor_water_park" title="Indoor water park">indoor water park</a> and spa, owned and operated by Coventry City Council, was opened in 2019.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Art_Gallery_and_Museum" title="Herbert Art Gallery and Museum">Herbert Art Gallery and Museum</a> – a museum, art gallery, records archive, learning centre, media studio and creative arts facility on Jordan Well, Coventry.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Transport_Museum" title="Coventry Transport Museum">Coventry Transport Museum</a> – one of the largest motor museums in the UK.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ricoh_arena_30s07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ricoh_arena_30s07.JPG/220px-Ricoh_arena_30s07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ricoh_arena_30s07.JPG/330px-Ricoh_arena_30s07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ricoh_arena_30s07.JPG/440px-Ricoh_arena_30s07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Building_Society_Arena" title="Coventry Building Society Arena">CBS Arena</a> in 2007, then called the Ricoh Arena.</figcaption></figure> On the sporting scene, <a href="/wiki/Coventry_R.F.C." title="Coventry R.F.C.">Coventry Rugby Football Club</a> was consistently among the nation's leading rugby football sides from the early 20th century, peaking in the 1970s and 1980s. <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a>, on the other hand, was scarcely a claim to fame until 1967, when <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_F.C." title="Coventry City F.C.">Coventry City F.C.</a> finally won promotion to the top flight of <a href="/wiki/Football_in_England" title="Football in England">English football</a> as champions of the <a href="/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division" title="Football League Second Division">Football League Second Division</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> They would stay among the elite for the next 34 years, reaching their pinnacle with <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup" title="FA Cup">FA Cup</a> <a href="/wiki/1987_FA_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 FA Cup Final">glory</a> in 1987—the first and to date only major trophy in the club's history.<a href="#cite_note-ccfc_records-141">[140]</a> Their long stay in the top flight of English football ended in relegation in 2001,<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> and in 2012 they were relegated again to the third tier of English football. <a href="/wiki/Highfield_Road" title="Highfield Road">Highfield Road</a>, to the east of the city centre, was Coventry City's home for 106 years from 1899. They finally departed from the stadium in 2005 on their relocation to the 32,600-seat <a href="/wiki/Ricoh_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricoh Arena">Ricoh Arena</a> some three miles (4.8 kilometres) to the north of the city centre, in the Rowleys Green district.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> Since 2000, the city has also been home to one of the most successful <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> teams in the country, the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blaze" title="Coventry Blaze">Coventry Blaze</a> who are four time <a href="/wiki/Elite_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Elite Ice Hockey League">Elite League</a> champions, and play their home games at the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Skydome" title="Coventry Skydome">SkyDome Arena.</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>League </th> <th>Venue </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_F.C." title="Coventry City F.C.">Coventry City F.C.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>1883 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EFL_Championship" title="EFL Championship">EFL Championship</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Building_Society_Arena" title="Coventry Building Society Arena">Coventry Building Society Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Sphinx_F.C." title="Coventry Sphinx F.C.">Coventry Sphinx L.F.C.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Regional_Women%27s_Football_League" title="West Midlands Regional Women's Football League">West Midlands Regional Women's Football League</a> </td> <td>Coventry Sphinx Sports and Social Club </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_United_L.F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry United L.F.C.">Coventry United</a> L.F.C </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/FA_Women%27s_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="FA Women's Championship">FA Women's Championship</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Butts_Park_Arena" title="Butts Park Arena">Butts Park Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_R.F.C." title="Coventry R.F.C.">Coventry R.F.C.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> </td> <td>1874 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RFU_Championship" title="RFU Championship">RFU Championship</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Butts_Park_Arena" title="Butts Park Arena">Butts Park Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Bees" title="Coventry Bees">Coventry Bees</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">Speedway</a> </td> <td>1928 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blaze" title="Coventry Blaze">Coventry Blaze</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elite_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Elite Ice Hockey League">Elite Ice Hockey League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SkyDome_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="SkyDome Arena">SkyDome Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Broadstreet_RFC" title="Broadstreet RFC">Broadstreet RFC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">Rugby Union</a> </td> <td>1929 </td> <td>National League 2 (North) </td> <td>Ivor Preece Field </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Jets" title="Coventry Jets">Coventry Jets</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="American Football">American Football</a> </td> <td>2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFA_National_Leagues" title="BAFA National Leagues">BAFA National Leagues</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Sphinx" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Sphinx">Coventry Sphinx</a> Sports and Social Club </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Sphinx_F.C." title="Coventry Sphinx F.C.">Coventry Sphinx F.C.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>1946 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midland_Football_League_(2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Midland Football League (2014)">Midland Football League Premier Division</a> </td> <td>Coventry Sphinx Sports and Social Club </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coventry_United_F.C." title="Coventry United F.C.">Coventry United F.C.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midland_Football_League_(2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Midland Football League (2014)">Midland Football League Premier Division</a> </td> <td>Butts Park Arena </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Football">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ricoh_Arena,_Coventry_(stand_and_pitch)_14s07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ricoh_Arena%2C_Coventry_%28stand_and_pitch%29_14s07.jpg/220px-Ricoh_Arena%2C_Coventry_%28stand_and_pitch%29_14s07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ricoh_Arena%2C_Coventry_%28stand_and_pitch%29_14s07.jpg/330px-Ricoh_Arena%2C_Coventry_%28stand_and_pitch%29_14s07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ricoh_Arena%2C_Coventry_%28stand_and_pitch%29_14s07.jpg/440px-Ricoh_Arena%2C_Coventry_%28stand_and_pitch%29_14s07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Ricoh Arena.</figcaption></figure> There are two professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> teams representing the city: <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_F.C." title="Coventry City F.C.">Coventry City F.C.</a> of the <a href="/wiki/EFL_Championship" title="EFL Championship">EFL Championship</a> in men's football and <a href="/wiki/Coventry_United_L.F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry United L.F.C.">Coventry United</a> L.F.C. of the <a href="/wiki/FA_Women%27s_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="FA Women's Championship">FA Women's Championship</a> in women's football. <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_F.C." title="Coventry City F.C.">Coventry City F.C.</a>, formed in 1883 as "Singers F.C.". Nicknamed the Sky Blues, the club competes in the <a href="/wiki/EFL_Championship" title="EFL Championship">EFL Championship</a> (second tier of English football), but spent 34 years from 1967 to 2001 in the top tier of English football, winning the <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup" title="FA Cup">FA Cup</a> in 1987. They were founder members of the <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> in 1992. In 2005, Coventry City moved to the 32,600 capacity <a href="/wiki/Ricoh_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricoh Arena">Ricoh Arena</a> which opened in the Rowleys Green district of the city. The 2013–14 season saw the football club begin a ground share with <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Town_F.C." title="Northampton Town F.C.">Northampton Town F.C.</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sixfields_Stadium" title="Sixfields Stadium">Sixfields Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a>, which lasted until their return to the Ricoh Arena in September 2014. The 2019–20 season saw the Sky Blues once again playing their home fixtures out of Coventry, at <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C." title="Birmingham City F.C.">Birmingham City's</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_(stadium)" title="St Andrew's (stadium)">St Andrew's Stadium</a>. This arrangement continued until August 2021, when Coventry moved back to the newly renamed Coventry Building Society Arena. Coventry United L.F.C. play at the Butts Park Arena and were originally Coventry City Ladies before the Sky Blues discontinued their women's team, at which point they affiliated with Coventry United, and rose through the divisions to their current position in the second-tier of the women's game. Aside from these clubs, there are several other clubs in the city playing non-league football. <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Sphinx" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Sphinx">Coventry Sphinx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Alvis_F.C." title="Coventry Alvis F.C.">Coventry Alvis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Copsewood" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Copsewood">Coventry Copsewood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coventry_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry United">Coventry United</a> all play in the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Football_League_(2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Midland Football League (2014)">Midland Football League</a>. Both <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/British_Universities_and_Colleges_Sport" title="British Universities and Colleges Sport">British Universities and Colleges Sport</a> (BUCS) football competitions. For the 2014–15 season, the Coventry University men's 1st team compete in BUCS Midlands 1a, while the University of Warwick men's 1st team competes in BUCS Midlands 2a. Both institutions' women's 1st teams both play in BUCS Midlands 2a. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugby_Union">Rugby Union</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Rugby Union">edit</a>]</div> At the beginning of the 2014–15 season, there were 14 clubs based in Coventry, playing at various levels of the <a href="/wiki/English_rugby_union_system" title="English rugby union system">English rugby union system</a>. However, on 21 December 2014, this rose to 15, when <a href="/wiki/English_Premiership_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="English Premiership (rugby union)">Aviva Premiership</a> club <a href="/wiki/Wasps_RFC" title="Wasps RFC">Wasps RFC</a> played their first home game at the <a href="/wiki/Ricoh_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricoh Arena">Ricoh Arena</a>, completing their relocation to the city. This followed Wasps' purchase of Arena Coventry Limited (the company which runs the <a href="/wiki/Ricoh_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricoh Arena">Ricoh Arena</a>). The club announced that they will build a new 'state of the art' training complex in the area by 2016.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> Wasps' stay in the City ended in 2022 after the club collapsed into administration and were forced to relinquish their ownership of the arena.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> As it stands, Wasps currently have no plans to play in Coventry again. <a href="/wiki/Coventry_R.F.C." title="Coventry R.F.C.">Coventry Rugby Football Club</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/RFU_Championship" title="RFU Championship">RFU Championship</a>, the second tier of the English <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> system. The club enjoyed national success during the 1950s, the 1960s and 1970s, with many of its players playing for their countries, notable players include <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Preece" title="Ivor Preece">Ivor Preece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson_(rugby_union)" title="Peter Jackson (rugby union)">Peter Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Duckham" title="David Duckham">David Duckham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran_Cotton" title="Fran Cotton">Fran Cotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danny_Grewcock" title="Danny Grewcock">Danny Grewcock</a>. From 1921 to 2004, the club played at Coundon Road Stadium. Their current home ground is the <a href="/wiki/Butts_Park_Arena" title="Butts Park Arena">Butts Park Arena</a>, which was opened in 2004. <a href="/wiki/Broadstreet_Rugby_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadstreet Rugby Club">Broadstreet R.F.C</a> are the only other club to play in a 'National league' currently playing in <a href="/wiki/National_Division_2_North" class="mw-redirect" title="National Division 2 North">National Division 2 North</a>. There are a further 12 clubs playing in the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union_Midland_Division" title="Rugby Football Union Midland Division">Midland divisions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union" title="Rugby Football Union">English Rugby Union</a> system. In 2015, they included Barkers Butts RFC, Dunlop RFC, Earlsdon RFC, Pinley, Old Coventrians, Coventrians, Coventry Welsh, Stoke Old Boys RFC, Copsewood RFC, Keresley RFC, <a href="/wiki/Old_Wheatleyans_RFC" title="Old Wheatleyans RFC">Old Wheatleyans RFC</a> and Trinity Guild RFC. Both <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> compete in the British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) Rugby competitions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugby_League">Rugby League</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Rugby League">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Midlands_Hurricanes" title="Midlands Hurricanes">Midlands Hurricanes</a> are the major <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> team in the city. Originally known as Coventry Bears, the Hurricanes compete in the <a href="/wiki/RFL_League_1" class="mw-redirect" title="RFL League 1">Betfred League 1</a>, as a semi-professional team in the third tier of the game. They play their home matches at the <a href="/wiki/Butts_Park_Arena" title="Butts Park Arena">Butts Park Arena</a>. In 2002, the club won the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_Conference" title="Rugby League Conference">Rugby League Conference</a>, and took the step up to the national leagues. In 2004, they won the National Division 3 title and have appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Challenge_Cup" title="Challenge Cup">Challenge Cup</a>. In 2015 the Bears entered their reserve team into the <a href="/wiki/Conference_League_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference League South">Conference League South</a> league, a level below the first team under the name <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Bears_Reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Bears Reserves">Coventry Bears Reserves</a> playing home games at the Xcel Leisure Centre. Both <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> compete in the British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) Midlands 1a competition. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speedway">Speedway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Speedway">edit</a>]</div> Coventry Speedway was based at <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Stadium" title="Brandon Stadium">Brandon Stadium</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Stadium">Coventry Stadium</a>). The stadium is located just outside the city in the village of <a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Warwickshire" title="Brandon, Warwickshire">Brandon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a> (6 miles (9.7 kilometres) to the east of the city). The stadium operated both sides of the Second World War. Before the Second World War <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">speedway</a> also operated for a short time at <a href="/wiki/Lythalls_Lane_Stadium" title="Lythalls Lane Stadium">Foleshill Stadium</a>, off Lythalls Lane in the city. Between 1998 and 2000, Coventry Stadium hosted the <a href="/wiki/Speedway_Grand_Prix_of_Great_Britain" title="Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain">Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Bees" title="Coventry Bees">Coventry Bees</a> started in 1948 and have operated continuously until the end of the 2018 season. They started out in the National League Division Three before moving up to the Second Division and, later to the top flight. The Bees were crowned League Champions on nine occasions (1953, 1968, 1978, 1979, 1987, 1988, 2005, 2007 and 2010). Amongst the top speedway riders who represented Coventry teams were <a href="/wiki/Tom_Farndon" title="Tom Farndon">Tom Farndon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Parker_(speedway_rider)" title="Jack Parker (speedway rider)">Jack Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Forrest_(speedway_rider)" title="Arthur Forrest (speedway rider)">Arthur Forrest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Boocock" title="Nigel Boocock">Nigel Boocock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Tatum" title="Kelvin Tatum">Kelvin Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Harris_(speedway_rider)" title="Chris Harris (speedway rider)">Chris Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Nicholls" title="Scott Nicholls">Scott Nicholls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emil_Sayfutdinov" title="Emil Sayfutdinov">Emil Sayfutdinov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speedway_World_Championship" title="Speedway World Championship">World Champions</a> <a href="/wiki/Ole_Olsen_(speedway_rider)" title="Ole Olsen (speedway rider)">Ole Olsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Nielsen_(speedway_rider)" title="Hans Nielsen (speedway rider)">Hans Nielsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Hancock" title="Greg Hancock">Greg Hancock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Hamill" title="Billy Hamill">Billy Hamill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Moore_(speedway_rider)" title="Ronnie Moore (speedway rider)">Ronnie Moore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Young_(speedway_rider)" title="Jack Young (speedway rider)">Jack Young</a>. In 2007, the Bees won the domestic speedway treble of Elite League, Knock-out Cup and Craven Shield, while Chris Harris won both the <a href="/wiki/Speedway_Grand_Prix_of_Great_Britain" title="Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain">Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain</a> and the British Championship. The Bees retained the Craven Shield in 2008, and Chris Harris added further British Championship victories in both 2009 and 2010. The Elite League Championship Trophy returned to Brandon in 2010 when the Bees convincingly beat <a href="/wiki/Poole_Pirates" title="Poole Pirates">Poole Pirates</a> in the play-off finals.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Storm">Coventry Storm</a>, an offshoot of the senior team, competed in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(Speedway)" class="mw-redirect" title="National League (Speedway)">National League</a>. In 2017, the stadium became unavailable for motorsports, with new owners Brandon Estates pursuing planning permission for housing – thus, neither Coventry team was able to compete in the leagues, although a number of challenge matches were undertaken on opposition teams' tracks. For 2018, Coventry Bees were entered into the National League, the third tier of British Speedway, riding their home meetings at the Paul Chapman and Sons Arena, Beaumont Park, Leicester – the home of Leicester Lions. The team has not operated since then. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ice_hockey">Ice hockey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Ice hockey">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Devils_v_Coventry_Blaze-57_(8218140763).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cardiff_Devils_v_Coventry_Blaze-57_%288218140763%29.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Devils_v_Coventry_Blaze-57_%288218140763%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cardiff_Devils_v_Coventry_Blaze-57_%288218140763%29.jpg/330px-Cardiff_Devils_v_Coventry_Blaze-57_%288218140763%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cardiff_Devils_v_Coventry_Blaze-57_%288218140763%29.jpg/440px-Cardiff_Devils_v_Coventry_Blaze-57_%288218140763%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Coventry Blaze.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blaze" title="Coventry Blaze">Coventry Blaze</a> are one of the founding teams of the <a href="/wiki/Elite_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Elite Ice Hockey League">Elite Ice Hockey League</a>. They compete in the <a href="/wiki/Erhardt_Conference" title="Erhardt Conference">Erhardt Conference</a> and play their matches at the <a href="/wiki/SkyDome_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="SkyDome Arena">SkyDome Arena</a>. In 2002–2003, they won the <a href="/wiki/British_National_League_(1996%E2%80%932005)" title="British National League (1996–2005)">British National League</a> and Playoffs. They have won the Elite League Championship four times (2005, 2007, 2008 and 2010). The team has twice won the <a href="/wiki/Challenge_Cup_(UK_Ice_Hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Challenge Cup (UK Ice Hockey)">British Challenge Cup</a>, in 2005 & 2007. The <a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_EIHL_season" title="2004–05 EIHL season">2004–05 EIHL season</a> saw the club win the Grandslam (namely the Championship, the Challenge Cup and the Playoffs). To date, they remain the only team since the formation of the Elite League to achieve this feat. Coventry Blaze celebrated their 10th anniversary season in 2009–10 by winning the Elite League.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> The club also run a successful academy system, developing the young players of Coventry, Warwickshire and beyond. Scorch the dragon is the official Blaze mascot. The <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blaze_(ENL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Blaze (ENL)">NIHL Coventry Blaze</a>, an offshoot of the senior team and official affiliate of the Blaze, currently compete in the <a href="/wiki/English_National_Ice_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="English National Ice Hockey League">National Ice Hockey League</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Phoenix" title="Coventry Phoenix">Coventry Phoenix</a> is the city's only women's team; currently competing in Division One (North) of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_ice_hockey_in_Great_Britain" title="Women's ice hockey in Great Britain">British Women's Leagues</a>. There are also several recreational <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> teams (male and female) that play in the city. The Coventry and Warwick Panthers are members of the <a href="/wiki/British_Universities_Ice_Hockey_Association" title="British Universities Ice Hockey Association">British Universities Ice Hockey Association</a>. The 'A' team compete in "Checking 1 South", 'B' in "Non-Checking 1 South" and 'C' in "Non-Checking 2 South". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stock_car_racing">Stock car racing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Stock car racing">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Stadium">Coventry Stadium</a> held <a href="/wiki/BriSCA_Formula_1_Stock_Cars" title="BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars">BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars</a> from 1954 until 2016, the longest serving track in the UK to race continuously.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> The first meeting was held on 30 June 1954, the first heat being won by Percy 'Hellcat' Brine, he also won the meeting Final. Up to the end of 2013, the stadium had held 483 BriSCA F1 meetings.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> It held the <a href="/wiki/BriSCA_Formula_1_Stock_Cars_World_Championship" title="BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars World Championship">BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars World Championship</a> many times since 1960. As with speedway, Stock Car racing ceased in 2017 because of the unavailability of the stadium. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cricket">Cricket</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Cricket">edit</a>]</div> The city's current leading <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> clubs are Standard Cricket Club and <a href="/wiki/Coventry_and_North_Warwickshire_Sports_Club" title="Coventry and North Warwickshire Sports Club">Coventry and North Warwickshire Cricket Club</a>. Both clubs are competing in the Premier division of the <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire_Cricket_League" title="Warwickshire Cricket League">Warwickshire Cricket League</a> as of 2019, where Standard Cricket Club were Runners up in 2018. Historically, <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first class</a> county games were played by <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Warwickshire County Cricket Club">Warwickshire County Cricket Club</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Courtaulds_Ground" title="Courtaulds Ground">Courtaulds Ground</a> from 1949 up to 1982. After Courtaulds Ground was closed, Warwickshire played several games at <a href="/wiki/Coventry_and_North_Warwickshire_Cricket_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry and North Warwickshire Cricket Club">Coventry and North Warwickshire Cricket Club</a> at Binley Road. Coventry born <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Dolphin-Cooper" title="Yvonne Dolphin-Cooper">Yvonne Dolphin-Cooper</a> is a cricket umpire. She, alongside <a href="/wiki/Anna_Harris" title="Anna Harris">Anna Harris</a>, made history in 2021 by becoming the first-all female umpiring duo ever in ECB Premier League history when they officiated together in a <a href="/wiki/West_of_England_Premier_League" title="West of England Premier League">West of England Premier League</a> match between Downend CC and Bedminster in Gloucestershire.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Athletics">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Godiva_Harriers" title="Coventry Godiva Harriers">Coventry Godiva Harriers</a>, established in 1879, are the leading <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">athletics</a> club in the area. The club has numerous athletes competing for championships both nationally and internationally. Notable members<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> (past and present) include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Heatley" title="Basil Heatley">Basil Heatley</a>; former world record holder for the marathon and silver medalist in the <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Summer Olympics</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Moorcroft" title="David Moorcroft">David Moorcroft</a>; Gold medalist in the 1500m at the <a href="/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games" title="1978 Commonwealth Games">1978 Commonwealth Games</a> and in the 5000m at the <a href="/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games" title="1982 Commonwealth Games">1982 Commonwealth Games</a>. He is the former World 5000m record holder and still holds the British 3000m record.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Devonish" title="Marlon Devonish">Marlon Devonish</a>; individually in his senior career, he won Gold for the 200m at the 2003 World Indoor Championship and silver at the <a href="/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games" title="2002 Commonwealth Games">2002 Commonwealth Games</a>. However, he has had great success as a relay runner in the 4 × 100 m, winning gold medals at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games" title="1998 Commonwealth Games">1998 Commonwealth Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games" title="2002 Commonwealth Games">2002 Commonwealth Games</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games" title="2010 Commonwealth Games">2010 Commonwealth Games</a>. He also won bronze at World and European level at both his distances.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_hockey">Field hockey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Field hockey">edit</a>]</div> A <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a> club in the city is Coventry & North Warwickshire Hockey Club, which was established in 1895. Based at the Coventry University Sports Ground, the club runs four men's and two ladies' sides, as well as a junior section. The men's first XI currently compete in Midlands Division 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Regional_Hockey_Association" title="Midland Regional Hockey Association">Midland Regional Hockey Association</a> (MHRA), while the ladies' first XI compete in Warwickshire Women's Hockey League Division 1. Other teams in the city include: <ul><li>Sikh Union: Men's 1st XI – (MHRA West Midlands Premier)</li> <li>Berkswell & Balsall Common Men's 1st XI – (MHRA East Midlands 1); Women's 1st XI – (Warwickshire Women's Hockey League Division 2)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_LPGA_Championship_-_Laura_Davies_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2009_LPGA_Championship_-_Laura_Davies_%282%29.jpg/220px-2009_LPGA_Championship_-_Laura_Davies_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2009_LPGA_Championship_-_Laura_Davies_%282%29.jpg/330px-2009_LPGA_Championship_-_Laura_Davies_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2009_LPGA_Championship_-_Laura_Davies_%282%29.jpg/440px-2009_LPGA_Championship_-_Laura_Davies_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2332" data-file-height="3499" /></a><figcaption>Laura Davies in 2009</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> field men's teams both in the MHRA and the <a href="/wiki/British_Universities_and_Colleges_Sport" title="British Universities and Colleges Sport">British Universities and Colleges Sport</a> (BUCS) hockey competitions. They compete in MHRA Midlands 2 and in BUCS Midlands 2b. The women's first XI compete in BUCS Midlands 3a. <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a> men's first XI play in BUCS Midlands 3b, while the women's first XI compete in BUCS Midlands 2a. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golf">Golf</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Golf">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Laura_Davies" title="Laura Davies">Dame Laura Davies</a> <a href="/wiki/Dame_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame of the British Empire">DBE</a> was born in Coventry and is among the most successful female golfers from Britain. She has had 87 tournament victories, including major wins at the Belgium Open in 1985, the <a href="/wiki/British_Open" class="mw-redirect" title="British Open">Ladies British Open</a> in 1986, and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Women%27s_Open" title="U.S. Women's Open">US Women's Open</a> in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-:1-152">[151]</a> From the early 90s she played in 12 consecutive <a href="/wiki/Solheim_Cup" title="Solheim Cup">Solheim Cups</a> in the US.<a href="#cite_note-:1-152">[151]</a> Laura has won numerous accolades during her career and was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/World_Golf_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Golf Hall of Fame">World Golf Hall of Fame</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> In 2005, Coventry became the first city in the UK to host the <a href="/wiki/International_Children%27s_Games" title="International Children's Games">International Children's Games</a> and three of the city sports teams won significant honours.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> The Blaze won the treble consisting of <a href="/wiki/British_Elite_Ice_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="British Elite Ice Hockey League">Elite League</a>, playoff and <a href="/wiki/Challenge_Cup_(UK_ice_hockey)" title="Challenge Cup (UK ice hockey)">Challenge Cup</a>; the Jets won the <a href="/wiki/British_American_Football_League" title="British American Football League">BAFL</a> Division 2 championship and were undefeated all season; and the Bees won the Elite League playoffs. In 2014 the all-female <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Derby_Dolls" title="Coventry City Derby Dolls">Coventry City Derby Dolls</a> was founded, now called Coventry Roller Derby (CRD).<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> They were the first roller derby team in Coventry and Warwickshire,<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> train weekly and have a full bout team<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coventry_Skyline.jpg/300px-Coventry_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coventry_Skyline.jpg/450px-Coventry_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coventry_Skyline.jpg/600px-Coventry_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Coventry's skyline (view from the footbridge over the railway by Central 6 shopping centre). The three spires are: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Coventry" title="Holy Trinity Church, Coventry">Holy Trinity</a> (left), remaining spire of the ruined (bombed) <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">cathedral</a> and the remaining spire of the ruined Christ Church (right).</figcaption></figure> Historically, Coventry was the most important seat of ribbon-making in the UK. In this industry it competed locally with <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a> and internationally with <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> in France. Coventry has been a centre of motor and cycle manufacturing. Starting with <a href="/wiki/The_Coventry_Motor_Company" title="The Coventry Motor Company">Coventry Motette</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Horseless_Carriage_Company" title="The Great Horseless Carriage Company">The Great Horseless Carriage Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swift_Motor_Company" title="Swift Motor Company">Swift Motor Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillman" title="Hillman">Hillman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riley_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riley (automobile)">Riley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis-Barnett" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis-Barnett">Francis-Barnett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motorcycles_Ltd" title="Triumph Motorcycles Ltd">Triumph motorcycle</a> having its origins in 1902 in a Coventry factory. The <a href="/wiki/Massey_Ferguson" title="Massey Ferguson">Massey Ferguson</a> tractor factory was situated on <a href="/wiki/Banner_Lane" title="Banner Lane">Banner Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tile_Hill" title="Tile Hill">Tile Hill</a>, until it closed in the late 1990s. Although the motor industry has declined almost to the point of extinction, the <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaguar (car)">Jaguar</a> company has retained its corporate headquarters in the city (at Whitley) and an Advanced R&D team at the University of Warwick, while <a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> still have a large parts centre in Humber Road despite the closure of its <a href="/wiki/Ryton_plant" title="Ryton plant">Ryton factory</a> (formerly owned by the <a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes Group</a>) just outside the city in December 2006 with the loss of more than 2,000 jobs – denting the economy of Coventry shortly before the onset of a <a href="/wiki/Late_2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late 2000s recession">recession</a> which sparked further economic decline and high unemployment. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1972_Hillman_Avenger_1.5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1972_Hillman_Avenger_1.5.jpg/220px-1972_Hillman_Avenger_1.5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1972_Hillman_Avenger_1.5.jpg/330px-1972_Hillman_Avenger_1.5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1972_Hillman_Avenger_1.5.jpg/440px-1972_Hillman_Avenger_1.5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5298" data-file-height="3162" /></a><figcaption>A 1972 <a href="/wiki/Hillman_Avenger" title="Hillman Avenger">Hillman Avenger</a>, produced in Coventry by Chrysler Competitions Department</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard Motor Company</a> opened a car factory at <a href="/wiki/Canley" title="Canley">Canley</a> in the south of the city in 1918, occupying a former munitions factory. This site was later expanded and produced Triumph cars after the Standard brand was phased out by <a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> during the 1960s. In August 1980, however, it was closed down as part of <a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland's</a> rationalisation process, although the Triumph brand survived for another four years on cars produced at other British Leyland factories. The closure of the Triumph car factory was perhaps the largest blow to Coventry's economy during the early 1980s economic decline. The famous London <a href="/wiki/Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">black cab taxis</a> are produced by Coventry-based <a href="/wiki/London_Electric_Vehicle_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Electric Vehicle Company">LEVC</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/London_Taxis_International" class="mw-redirect" title="London Taxis International">LTI</a>); until its 2017 relocation from the historic Holyhead Road factory to a new plant at <a href="/wiki/Ansty,_Warwickshire" title="Ansty, Warwickshire">Ansty Park</a> a few miles outside the city, these were the only remaining motor vehicles wholly built in Coventry. The manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Machine_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine tools">machine tools</a> was once a major industry in Coventry. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Herbert_(company)" title="Alfred Herbert (company)">Alfred Herbert Ltd</a> became one of the largest machine tool companies in the world. In later years the company faced competition from foreign machine tool builders and ceased trading in 1983. Other Coventry machine tool manufacturers included A.C. Wickman, and Webster & Bennett. The last Coventry machine tool manufacturer was <a href="/wiki/Arms-to-Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms-to-Iraq">Matrix Churchill</a> which was forced to close in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Project_Babylon" title="Project Babylon">Iraqi Supergun (Project Babylon)</a> scandal. Coventry's main industries include: cars, electronic equipment, machine tools, agricultural machinery, man-made fibres, aerospace components and telecommunications equipment. In recent years, the city has moved away from manufacturing industries towards business services, finance, research, design and development and creative industries. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Redevelopment_2">Redevelopment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Redevelopment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whittle_arches_coventry_12u07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Whittle_arches_coventry_12u07.JPG/220px-Whittle_arches_coventry_12u07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Whittle_arches_coventry_12u07.JPG/330px-Whittle_arches_coventry_12u07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Whittle_arches_coventry_12u07.JPG/440px-Whittle_arches_coventry_12u07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The "Whittle Arch" outside the Transport Museum, named after Sir <a href="/wiki/Frank_Whittle" title="Frank Whittle">Frank Whittle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MillenniumSquareCov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/MillenniumSquareCov.jpg/220px-MillenniumSquareCov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/MillenniumSquareCov.jpg/330px-MillenniumSquareCov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/MillenniumSquareCov.jpg/440px-MillenniumSquareCov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Millennium Square by night, showing the Time Zone Clock designed by Francoise Schein with the Whittle Arch soaring above</figcaption></figure> Major improvements continue to regenerate the city centre. The Phoenix Initiative, which was designed by <a href="/wiki/MJP_Architects" title="MJP Architects">MJP Architects</a>, reached the final shortlist for the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Prize" title="Stirling Prize">RIBA Stirling Prize</a> and has now won a total of 16 separate awards. It was published in the book 'Phoenix : Architecture/Art/Regeneration' in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-Phoenix-158">[157]</a> Further major developments are potentially afoot, particularly the Swanswell Project, which is intended to deepen Swanswell Pool and link it to <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Canal#Coventry_Canal_Basin" title="Coventry Canal">Coventry Canal Basin</a>, coupled with the creation of an urban marina and a wide Parisian-style boulevard. A possible second phase of the Phoenix Initiative is also in the offing, although both of these plans are still on the drawing-board. On 16 December 2007, <a href="/wiki/IKEA" title="IKEA">IKEA</a>'s first city centre store in the UK was opened, in Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-ikeapress-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-shopping-160">[159]</a> On 4 February 2020, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/IKEA" title="IKEA">IKEA</a>'s Coventry city centre store was to close the same year due to changing shopping habits and consistent losses at the store.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> The <a href="/wiki/River_Sherbourne" title="River Sherbourne">River Sherbourne</a> runs under Coventry's city centre; the river was paved over during the rebuilding after the Second World War and is not commonly known. When the new rebuild of Coventry city centre takes place from 2017 onwards, it is planned that river will be re-opened, and a river walk way will be placed alongside it in parts of the city centre.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> In April 2012, the pedestrianisation of Broadgate was completed.<a href="#cite_note-broadgatesquare-163">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radio">Radio</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Radio">edit</a>]</div> Local radio stations include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_CWR" title="BBC CWR">BBC CWR</a>: 94.8 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Mid-Counties" title="Capital Mid-Counties">Capital Mid-Counties</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Touch_FM_(Coventry)" title="Touch FM (Coventry)">Touch FM</a>): 96.2 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Coventry_%26_Warwickshire" title="Hits Radio Coventry & Warwickshire">Hits Radio Coventry & Warwickshire</a> (formally known as Mercia Sound, Mercia FM, Mercia and Free Radio Coventry & Warwickshire): 97.0 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatest Hits Radio West Midlands">Greatest Hits Radio West Midlands</a>: 1359 AM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_(Coventry_%26_Warwickshire)" title="Fresh (Coventry & Warwickshire)">Fresh West Midlands</a>: DAB</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Written_media">Written media</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Written media">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Evening_Telegraph_building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5742185.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coventry_Evening_Telegraph_building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5742185.jpg/220px-Coventry_Evening_Telegraph_building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5742185.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coventry_Evening_Telegraph_building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5742185.jpg/330px-Coventry_Evening_Telegraph_building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5742185.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coventry_Evening_Telegraph_building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5742185.jpg/440px-Coventry_Evening_Telegraph_building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5742185.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Former offices of the Coventry Evening Telegraph.</figcaption></figure> The main local newspapers are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Telegraph" title="Coventry Telegraph">Coventry Telegraph</a>: a paid for <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> printed Monday to Saturday, owned by <a href="/wiki/Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach</a>.</li> <li>Coventry Observer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Television_news">Television news</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Television news">edit</a>]</div> The city is covered on regional TV News by: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="Midlands Today">BBC Midlands Today</a>: run by the British public service broadcaster.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_News_Central" title="ITV News Central">ITV News Central</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Digital-only_media">Digital-only media</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Digital-only media">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>HelloCov: an online news website founded in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a></li> <li>Coventry Times</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_services">Public services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Public services">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergency_services">Emergency services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Emergency services">edit</a>]</div> Coventry is covered by <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Police" title="West Midlands Police">West Midlands Police</a>, the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Fire_Service" title="West Midlands Fire Service">West Midlands Fire Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Ambulance_Service" title="West Midlands Ambulance Service">West Midlands Ambulance Service</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_Hospital_Coventry_and_Warwickshire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2085555.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/University_Hospital_Coventry_and_Warwickshire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2085555.jpg/220px-University_Hospital_Coventry_and_Warwickshire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2085555.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/University_Hospital_Coventry_and_Warwickshire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2085555.jpg/330px-University_Hospital_Coventry_and_Warwickshire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2085555.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/University_Hospital_Coventry_and_Warwickshire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2085555.jpg/440px-University_Hospital_Coventry_and_Warwickshire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2085555.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>University Hospital Coventry</figcaption></figure> Healthcare in Coventry is provided primarily by the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> (NHS); the principal NHS hospital covering the city is the <a href="/wiki/University_Hospital_Coventry" title="University Hospital Coventry">University Hospital Coventry</a>, which was opened in 2006 as a 1,250 bed 'super hospital', funded by a <a href="/wiki/Private_finance_initiative" title="Private finance initiative">private finance initiative</a> (PFI) scheme.<a href="#cite_note-BLv-165">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity">Electricity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Electricity">edit</a>]</div> Electricity was first supplied to Coventry in 1895 from <a href="/wiki/Coventry_power_stations" title="Coventry power stations">Coventry power station</a> off Sandy Lane adjacent to the canal (now Electric Wharf). A larger 130 MW power station was built at Longford in 1928, this operated until 1976, and was subsequently demolished.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waste_management">Waste management</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Waste management">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helicopter_-_Night_Time_Photos_(8739866021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Helicopter_-_Night_Time_Photos_%288739866021%29.jpg/220px-Helicopter_-_Night_Time_Photos_%288739866021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Helicopter_-_Night_Time_Photos_%288739866021%29.jpg/330px-Helicopter_-_Night_Time_Photos_%288739866021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Helicopter_-_Night_Time_Photos_%288739866021%29.jpg/440px-Helicopter_-_Night_Time_Photos_%288739866021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2573" data-file-height="1709" /></a><figcaption>The city centre at night, seen in April 2013</figcaption></figure> Coventry has an <a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">energy from waste</a> <a href="/wiki/Incinerator" class="mw-redirect" title="Incinerator">incinerator</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> which burns rubbish from both Coventry and <a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a>, producing electricity for the <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Grid (UK)">National Grid</a> and some hot water that is used locally through the Heatline project.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> Rubbish is still put into <a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">landfill</a>. <ul><li>Many areas of Coventry have kerb-side plastic, metal (tins and cans), and <a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">paper recycling</a>. Garden-green rubbish is collected and composted.</li> <li>Waste materials can be taken to the recycling depot, which is adjacent to the incineration unit.</li> <li>There are recycling points throughout the city for paper, <a href="/wiki/Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">glass recycling</a> and metal / tin can recycling.</li></ul> In October 2006, Coventry City Council signed the <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Nottingham Declaration">Nottingham Declaration</a>, joining 130 other UK councils in committing to reduce the <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> of the council and to help the local community do the same. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Roads">edit</a>]</div> Coventry is near the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1</a>, <a href="/wiki/M6_motorway" title="M6 motorway">M6</a>, <a href="/wiki/M40_motorway" title="M40 motorway">M40</a>, <a href="/wiki/M45_motorway" title="M45 motorway">M45</a> and <a href="/wiki/M69_motorway" title="M69 motorway">M69 motorways</a>. The M45, which is situated a few miles to the south-east of the city, was opened in 1959 as a spur to the original section of the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1 motorway</a>, which linked <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> with the Midlands. This was, in effect, the first motorway to serve Coventry, as the section of the M6 north of the city did not open until 1971 and the M69 between Coventry and <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a> opened five years later. The M40, which is connected to the city via the <a href="/wiki/A46_road" title="A46 road">A46</a>, is 12 miles (19 kilometres) south of the city centre, south of <a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a> and gives the city's residents an alternative dual carriageway and motorway route to London. It is served by the <a href="/wiki/A45_road" title="A45 road">A45</a> and <a href="/wiki/A46_road" title="A46 road">A46</a> dual carriageways. The A45 originally passed through the centre of the city, but was re-routed in the 1930s on the completion of the Coventry Southern Bypass, with westbound traffic heading in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> and eastbound traffic in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a>. The A46 was re-routed to the east of the city in 1989 on completion of the Coventry Eastern Bypass, which directly leads to the M6/M69 interchange. To the south, it gives a direct link to the M40, making use of the existing Warwick and <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth" title="Kenilworth">Kenilworth</a> bypasses. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_ring_road_Hillcross_flyover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coventry_ring_road_Hillcross_flyover.jpg/220px-Coventry_ring_road_Hillcross_flyover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coventry_ring_road_Hillcross_flyover.jpg/330px-Coventry_ring_road_Hillcross_flyover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coventry_ring_road_Hillcross_flyover.jpg/440px-Coventry_ring_road_Hillcross_flyover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5751" data-file-height="3705" /></a><figcaption>Coventry Ring Road.</figcaption></figure> Coventry has a <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">dual-carriageway</a> Ring Road (officially road number A4053) that is 2.25 miles long.<a href="#cite_note-:2-169">[168]</a> It loops around the city centre and roughly follows the lines of the old city walls.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> The Ring Road began construction in the late 1950s, the first stretch was opened in 1962,<a href="#cite_note-:2-169">[168]</a> and it was finally completed in 1974. Ring Road junctions have all been numbered since the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> The road has a reputation for being difficult to navigate. A single street of Victorian terraces, Starley Road, remains inside the ring road after a campaign by residents prevented its demolition in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Way_(road)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix Way (road)">Phoenix Way</a>, a dual-carriageway running north–south completed in 1995, links the city centre with the <a href="/wiki/M6_motorway" title="M6 motorway">M6</a> motorway. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Railways">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Coventry" title="Special:EditPage/Coventry">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (April 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_railway_station_(new)_2022-10-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Coventry_railway_station_%28new%29_2022-10-12.jpg/220px-Coventry_railway_station_%28new%29_2022-10-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Coventry_railway_station_%28new%29_2022-10-12.jpg/330px-Coventry_railway_station_%28new%29_2022-10-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Coventry_railway_station_%28new%29_2022-10-12.jpg/440px-Coventry_railway_station_%28new%29_2022-10-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3940" data-file-height="3223" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coventry_railway_station" title="Coventry railway station">Coventry railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Coventry_railway_station" title="Coventry railway station">Coventry Railway Station</a> is served by the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a>, with services provided by <a href="/wiki/Avanti_West_Coast" title="Avanti West Coast">Avanti West Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/CrossCountry" title="CrossCountry">CrossCountry</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Trains" title="West Midlands Trains">West Midlands Trains</a>. Inter-city rail services between <a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">Birmingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverhampton railway station">Wolverhampton</a> stop here. It is also served by railway lines to <a href="/wiki/Nuneaton_railway_station" title="Nuneaton railway station">Nuneaton</a> via <a href="/wiki/Bedworth_railway_station" title="Bedworth railway station">Bedworth</a>. There is a line linking it to <a href="/wiki/Leamington_Spa_railway_station" title="Leamington Spa railway station">Leamington Spa</a> and onwards to the south coast. <a href="/wiki/Avanti_West_Coast" title="Avanti West Coast">Avanti West Coast</a> operate fast inter-city services to London, other cities in the West Midlands, north-west England (<a href="/wiki/Preston_railway_station" title="Preston railway station">Preston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_railway_station" title="Carlisle railway station">Carlisle</a>) and Scotland (<a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_railway_station" title="Glasgow Central railway station">Glasgow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Waverley_railway_station" title="Edinburgh Waverley railway station">Edinburgh</a>). <a href="/wiki/CrossCountry" title="CrossCountry">CrossCountry</a> provide services to the south coast of England (<a href="/wiki/Southampton_Central_railway_station" title="Southampton Central railway station">Southampton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_railway_station" title="Bournemouth railway station">Bournemouth</a>) and northern England (<a href="/wiki/Manchester_Piccadilly_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Piccadilly railway station">Manchester</a>). London Northwestern (a trade name of West Midlands Trains) provides stopping services to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rugeley_Trent_Valley_railway_station" title="Rugeley Trent Valley railway station">Rugeley</a>, in addition to London and other towns in between.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> Coventry has three suburban railway stations at <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Arena_railway_station" title="Coventry Arena railway station">Coventry Arena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canley_railway_station" title="Canley railway station">Canley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tile_Hill_railway_station" title="Tile Hill railway station">Tile Hill</a>. Coventry Arena, serving the north of city on the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_to_Nuneaton_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry to Nuneaton Line">Coventry to Nuneaton Line</a>, opened in January 2016 primarily for the <a href="/wiki/Ricoh_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricoh Arena">Ricoh Arena</a> where football, rugby matches and concerts usually take place. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_rail">Light rail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Light rail">edit</a>]</div> A <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> system is planned for Coventry, known as <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Very_Light_Rail" title="Coventry Very Light Rail">Coventry Very Light Rail</a>. The first vehicle came off the production line in March 2021 and the first line, to <a href="/wiki/University_Hospital_Coventry" title="University Hospital Coventry">University Hospital Coventry</a>, was proposed to be operational by 2024.<a href="#cite_note-CETtramreturn-174">[173]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Pool_Meadow_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3577122.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coventry_Pool_Meadow_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3577122.jpg/220px-Coventry_Pool_Meadow_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3577122.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coventry_Pool_Meadow_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3577122.jpg/330px-Coventry_Pool_Meadow_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3577122.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coventry_Pool_Meadow_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3577122.jpg/440px-Coventry_Pool_Meadow_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3577122.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>Pool Meadow Bus Station.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Bus">edit</a>]</div> Bus operators in Coventry include <a href="/wiki/National_Express_Coventry" title="National Express Coventry">National Express Coventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arriva_Midlands" title="Arriva Midlands">Arriva Midlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_in_Warwickshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Stagecoach in Warwickshire">Stagecoach in Warwickshire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pool_Meadow_bus_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Pool Meadow bus station">Pool Meadow bus station</a> is the main bus and coach <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">interchange</a> in the city centre. Coventry has a single <a href="/wiki/Coventry_park_and_ride" title="Coventry park and ride">Park and Ride</a> service from <a href="/wiki/War_Memorial_Park,_Coventry" title="War Memorial Park, Coventry">War Memorial Park</a> served by Stagecoach in Warwickshire. From Pool Meadow bus station, there are national coach links to major towns and cities, seaside towns, ferry ports and events with <a href="/wiki/National_Express_Coaches" title="National Express Coaches">National Express</a>, with four stands (A, B, C and D).<a href="#cite_note-networkwestmidlands.com-175">[174]</a> Coventry aims to have all of its buses powered by electricity by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Air">edit</a>]</div> The nearest major airport is <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Airport" title="Birmingham Airport">Birmingham Airport</a>, some 11 miles (18 km) to the west of the city. <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Airport" title="Coventry Airport">Coventry Airport</a>, located 5 miles (8 km) south of the city centre in <a href="/wiki/Baginton" title="Baginton">Baginton</a>, is now used for <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> only.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Water">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_Canal_basin_-_southern_end_of_canal_19n06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Coventry_Canal_basin_-_southern_end_of_canal_19n06.jpg/220px-Coventry_Canal_basin_-_southern_end_of_canal_19n06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Coventry_Canal_basin_-_southern_end_of_canal_19n06.jpg/330px-Coventry_Canal_basin_-_southern_end_of_canal_19n06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Coventry_Canal_basin_-_southern_end_of_canal_19n06.jpg/440px-Coventry_Canal_basin_-_southern_end_of_canal_19n06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Coventry Canal Basin.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Canal" title="Coventry Canal">Coventry Canal</a> terminates near the city centre at <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Canal#Coventry_Canal_Basin" title="Coventry Canal">Coventry Canal Basin</a> and is navigable for 38 miles (61 km) to <a href="/wiki/Fradley_Junction" title="Fradley Junction">Fradley Junction</a> in <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> The canal engineer <a href="/wiki/James_Brindley" title="James Brindley">James Brindley</a> was responsible for the initial planning of the canal.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> The Coventry Canal Society was formed in 1957. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accent">Accent</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Accent">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> Coventry in a linguistic sense looks both ways, towards both the 'West' and 'East' Midlands.<a href="#cite_note-Chinn-180">[179]</a> One thousand years ago, the extreme west of Warwickshire (what today we would designate Birmingham and the Black Country) was separated from Coventry and east Warwickshire by the forest of <a href="/wiki/Arden,_Warwickshire" title="Arden, Warwickshire">Arden</a>, with resulting inferior means of communication.<a href="#cite_note-Chinn-180">[179]</a> The west Warwickshire settlements too were smaller in comparison to Coventry which, by the 14th century, was England's third city.<a href="#cite_note-Chinn-180">[179]</a> Even as far back as Anglo-Saxon times Coventry—situated as it was, close to <a href="/wiki/Watling_Street" title="Watling Street">Watling Street</a>—was a trading and market post between King Alfred's Saxon Mercia and <a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a> England with a consequent merging of dialects.<a href="#cite_note-Trugill-181">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coventry_and_Birmingham_accents">Coventry and Birmingham accents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Coventry and Birmingham accents">edit</a>]</div> Phonetically the accent of Coventry, like the perhaps better known accent of Birmingham, is similar to Northern English with respect to its system of short vowels. For example, it lacks the BATH/TRAP (Cov. /baθ/, Southern /bɑːθ/) and FOOT/STRUT (Cov. /strʊt/, Southern /strʌt/) splits.<a href="#cite_note-Trugill-181">[180]</a> Yet the longer vowels in the accent also contain traces of <a href="/wiki/Estuary_English" title="Estuary English">Estuary English</a> such as a partial implementation of the London <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthong</a> shift, increasingly so amongst the young since 1950. We also see other <a href="/wiki/Estuary_English" title="Estuary English">Estuary English</a> features, such as a /l/-vocalisation whereby words such as 'milk' come to be pronounced as /mɪʊk/.<a href="#cite_note-Trugill-181">[180]</a> However, the distinction between Coventry and Birmingham accents is often overlooked. Certain features of the Birmingham accent (e.g. occasional tapping of prevocalic /r/ in words such as 'crack') stop starkly as one moves beyond Solihull in the general direction of Coventry, a possible approximation of the 'Arden Forest' divide perhaps. In any case, Coventry sits right at a dialectal crossroads, very close to isoglosses that generally delineate 'Northern' and 'Southern' dialects, exhibiting features from both sides of the divide.<a href="#cite_note-Trugill-181">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coventry_accent_on_television">Coventry accent on television</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Coventry accent on television">edit</a>]</div> The BBC's 2009 documentary The Bombing of Coventry contained interviews with Coventrians. Actress Becci Gemmell, played Coventry character Joyce in the BBC drama <a href="/wiki/Land_Girls_(TV_series)" title="Land Girls (TV series)">Land Girls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Honours">edit</a>]</div> A <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">minor planet</a>, <a href="/wiki/3009_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="3009 Coventry">3009 Coventry</a>, discovered by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> astronomer <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Stepanovich_Chernykh" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh">Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh</a> in 1973, is named after the city.<a href="#cite_note-Schmadel2003-183">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Coventry" title="List of schools in Coventry">List of schools in Coventry</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities_and_further_education_colleges">Universities and further education colleges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Universities and further education colleges">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coventry_university_26l07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coventry_university_26l07.JPG/220px-Coventry_university_26l07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coventry_university_26l07.JPG/330px-Coventry_university_26l07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coventry_university_26l07.JPG/440px-Coventry_university_26l07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Alan Berry building, Coventry University.</figcaption></figure> Coventry has two universities; <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a> is situated on a modern city centre campus while the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> lies 3.5 miles (5.6 kilometres) to the south of the city centre. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> is one of only five universities never to have been rated outside the top ten in terms of teaching excellence and research and is a member of the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a>. The university won the BBC TV <a href="/wiki/University_Challenge" title="University Challenge">University Challenge</a> trophy in April 2007 and April 2021. <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a> is one of only a handful of universities to run a degree course in <a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">automotive design</a>, which is in its <a href="/wiki/Coventry_School_of_Art_and_Design" title="Coventry School of Art and Design">Coventry School of Art and Design</a>. Coventry also has two further education colleges within city boundaries, <a href="/wiki/Coventry_College" title="Coventry College">Coventry College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hereward_College" title="Hereward College">Hereward College</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Schools">edit</a>]</div> Many of the secondary schools in and around Coventry are specialist colleges, such as <a href="/wiki/Finham_Park_School" title="Finham Park School">Finham Park School</a>, which is a mathematics and IT college, a teacher training school and the only school in Coventry to offer studying the International Baccalaureate, and <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blue_Coat_Church_of_England_School" title="Coventry Blue Coat Church of England School">Coventry Blue Coat Church of England School</a> which has recently become a specialist college of music, one of only a few in the country. <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Wiseman_Catholic_School,_Coventry" title="Cardinal Wiseman Catholic School, Coventry">Cardinal Wiseman Catholic School</a> specialises in languages. <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Ullathorne_RC_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop Ullathorne RC School">Bishop Ullathorne RC School</a> became a specialist college in humanities in 2006. <a href="/wiki/Ernesford_Grange_Community_Academy" title="Ernesford Grange Community Academy">Ernesford Grange Community Academy</a>, in the south east, is a specialist science college. <a href="/wiki/Coundon_Court" title="Coundon Court">Coundon Court School</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Technology_College" title="Technology College">Technology College</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pattison_College" title="Pattison College">Pattison College</a>, a private school opened in 1949, specialises in the performing arts. <a href="/wiki/Caludon_Castle_School" title="Caludon Castle School">Caludon Castle School</a> is a business and enterprise school, which was rebuilt over 2005–07. <a href="/wiki/Exhall_Grange_School" title="Exhall Grange School">Exhall Grange School and Science College</a> is in the north of the city, although, its catchment area is north Warwickshire. There is also <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Newman_Catholic_School_and_Community_College" title="Cardinal Newman Catholic School and Community College">Cardinal Newman Catholic School and Community College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitley_Academy" title="Whitley Academy">Whitley Academy</a> in the city. Coventry has a variety of schools: Two of the oldest secondary schools being <a href="/wiki/President_Kennedy_School" title="President Kennedy School">President Kennedy School</a> founded in 1966 and located in the north-west of Coventry (currently undergoing rebuilding work) and <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Stringer_Academy" title="Sidney Stringer Academy">Sidney Stringer Academy</a> which is located in the centre of the city. It is a co-educational school and has moved into a larger building costing £28 million.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> The Coventry School Foundation comprises the independent schools <a href="/wiki/King_Henry_VIII_School,_Coventry" title="King Henry VIII School, Coventry">King Henry VIII School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bablake_School" title="Bablake School">Bablake School</a> together with <a href="/wiki/King_Henry_VIII_Preparatory_School" title="King Henry VIII Preparatory School">King Henry VIII Preparatory School</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Woodlands_Academy,_Coventry" title="Woodlands Academy, Coventry">Woodlands Academy</a> and Tile Hill Wood School were the last remaining single sex schools in the city, serving boys and girls respectively. These schools merged onto the Tile Hill Wood site in 2016 before officially being rebranded as <a href="/wiki/West_Coventry_Academy" title="West Coventry Academy">West Coventry Academy</a> in 2017. Both Woodlands and Tile Hill shared a joint sixth form along with The Westwood Academy called West Coventry Sixth Form, but in 2018 Westwood left the sixth form and it now operates under the name West Coventry Academy Sixth Form. The Westwood Academy, which is a Technology College, is close to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a>. It is the only school in Coventry that is a <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Networking_Academy" title="Cisco Networking Academy">CISCO Academy</a> and has links with other educational establishments, industry and the local community. Sherbourne Fields School is a school for young people with disabilities and is located in the Coundon area.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> It opened in the 1960s. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people_associated_with_Coventry">Notable people associated with Coventry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Notable people associated with Coventry">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Coventry" title="List of people from Coventry">List of people from Coventry</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_and_politics">History and politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: History and politics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Godiva_Statue_Coventry_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Godiva_Statue_Coventry_1.JPG/170px-Godiva_Statue_Coventry_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Godiva_Statue_Coventry_1.JPG/255px-Godiva_Statue_Coventry_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Godiva_Statue_Coventry_1.JPG/340px-Godiva_Statue_Coventry_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Lady_Godiva" title="Lady Godiva">Lady Godiva</a></figcaption></figure>Coventry is well known for the mythical 11th century exploits of <a href="/wiki/Lady_Godiva" title="Lady Godiva">Lady Godiva</a> who, according to legend, rode through the city naked on horseback in protest at high taxes being levied on the city folk by her husband <a href="/wiki/Leofric,_Earl_of_Mercia" title="Leofric, Earl of Mercia">Leofric, Earl of Mercia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> Contemporary historians do not dispute that lady Godiva was a real figure, as she was the first woman to be mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> (1086), however her ride is considered mythical.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> The residents of the city were commanded to look away as she rode, but one man did not and was allegedly struck blind. He became known as <a href="/wiki/Voyeurism" title="Voyeurism">Peeping Tom</a> thus originating a new idiom, or metonym, in English. There is a Grade II* <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed</a> statue<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> of her in the city centre, which for 18 years had been underneath a Cathedral Lanes shopping centre canopy, removed in October 2008.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> There is also a bust of Peeping Tom looking out across Hertford Street shopping precinct, and overlooking Broadgate and the statue of Godiva is a clock where, at every hour, Lady Godiva appears on her horse while being watched by Peeping Tom. <a href="/wiki/Julins_Palmer" title="Julins Palmer">Julins Palmer</a>, the English Protestant martyr who was burned at the stake in 1556 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a>, was a native of Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Davenport" title="Christopher Davenport">Christopher Davenport</a> the 17th century <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Catholic</a> theologian, religious controversialist, and royal <a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">chaplain</a> was born in Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> The statesman and founder of modern Australia, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Parkes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Henry Parkes">Sir Henry Parkes</a>, was born in <a href="/wiki/Canley" title="Canley">Canley</a> in 1815.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> Other international politicians from Coventry include <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mitchell_(politician)" title="Brian Mitchell (politician)">Brian Mitchell</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> member for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Lyons" title="Division of Lyons">Lyons</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australian House of Representatives</a>,<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> and the Canadian parliamentarian <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Burgener" title="Jocelyn Burgener">Jocelyn Burgener</a>, who was a Member of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Alberta" title="Legislative Assembly of Alberta">Legislative Assembly of Alberta</a> from 1993 to 2001.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Evans" title="Evelyn Evans">Evelyn Evans</a>, a British librarian who founded libraries in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, was also from Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Hyde" title="Pearl Hyde">Pearl Hyde</a> was a Labour councillor, the head of the Coventry <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Voluntary_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Voluntary Service">Women's Voluntary Service</a> during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, and became the first female <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor of Coventry">Lord Mayor of Coventry</a> in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Nellist" title="Dave Nellist">Dave Nellist</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a> politician in the Labour Party, Member of Parliament who gave away half of his salary and the National Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Unionist_and_Socialist_Coalition" title="Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition">Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition</a> (TUSC) is from Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> Trade union organiser <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mann" title="Tom Mann">Tom Mann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">National Socialist Movement</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a> also came from Coventry. <a href="/wiki/Tony_Whittaker" title="Tony Whittaker">Tony Whittaker</a>, the solicitor and politician, was from Coventry. He was a co-founder and the first leader of <a href="/wiki/PEOPLE" class="mw-redirect" title="PEOPLE">PEOPLE</a>, the forerunner of the Ecology Party and <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(UK)" title="Green Party (UK)">Green Party UK</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_activism" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal rights activism">animal rights activist</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jill_Phipps" title="Death of Jill Phipps">Jill Phipps</a> died during a protest to stop the air export of live calves for veal from Coventry Airport.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> Her passing drew international attention and for many years, animal rights protests have been held around the anniversary date of Phipps' death.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> Labour Party politician <a href="/wiki/Mo_Mowlam" title="Mo Mowlam">Mo Mowlam</a>, who oversaw the talks which led to the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a> in her role as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland" title="Secretary of State for Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland secretary</a>, was educated in Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> Another Labour politician, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ainsworth" title="Bob Ainsworth">Bob Ainsworth</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Coventry_North_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Coventry North East (UK Parliament constituency)">Coventry North East</a> and was the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a> from 2009 to 2010.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science,_technology_and_business">Science, technology and business</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Science, technology and business">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Coventry" title="Category:Businesspeople from Coventry">Category:Businesspeople from Coventry</a></div>Coventry has been the home to several pioneers in science and engineering. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stevens_(weaver)" title="Thomas Stevens (weaver)">Thomas Stevens</a> was born in Coventry and became famous for his invention of a method of using the programmable loom to weave colourful pictures from silk, which he called <a href="/wiki/Stevengraph" title="Stevengraph">Stevengraphs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> Stevens employed another Coventry native called <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gutteridge" title="Joseph Gutteridge">Joseph Gutteridge</a>,<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> a silk weaver who became a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocades</a> in five colours and later a <a href="/wiki/Microscopy" title="Microscopy">microscopist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> Samuel Courtauld and Co Ltd's director H. G. Tetley chose <a href="/wiki/Foleshill" title="Foleshill">Foleshill</a> in Coventry in 1904 as the site of the world's first man-made fibre factory which produced an "artificial silk" later known as <a href="/wiki/Viscose" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscose">viscose</a> <a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">rayon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Starley_14g06.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Starley_14g06.JPG/170px-Starley_14g06.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Starley_14g06.JPG/255px-Starley_14g06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Starley_14g06.JPG/340px-Starley_14g06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Statue commemorating <a href="/wiki/James_Starley" title="James Starley">James Starley</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Whittle" title="Frank Whittle">Sir Frank Whittle</a>, the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">jet engine</a>, was from the city.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> The inventor <a href="/wiki/James_Starley" title="James Starley">James Starley</a> founded the Coventry Sewing Machine Company in 1857<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> and was instrumental in the development of the bicycle. His nephew, <a href="/wiki/John_Kemp_Starley" title="John Kemp Starley">J. K. Starley</a>, worked alongside his uncle and went on to found the car company <a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover</a>. Sir <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Herbert" title="Alfred Herbert">Alfred Herbert</a> was an industrialist who set up the tool manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Herbert_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Herbert Limited">Alfred Herbert Limited</a>,<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> and was benefactor to the city, whose legacy lives on in the <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Art Gallery">Herbert Art Gallery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CT64-212">[211]</a> Cyborg scientist <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick">Kevin Warwick</a> is also a Coventrian. <a href="/wiki/John_Egan_(industrialist)" title="John Egan (industrialist)">Sir John Egan</a>, industrialist and former Chief Executive of <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar Cars</a> attended <a href="/wiki/Bablake_School" title="Bablake School">Bablake School</a> in the city.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gibberd" title="Frederick Gibberd">Sir Frederick Gibberd</a>, architect and designer, was born in Coventry, and amongst the buildings for which he is best known are <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral">Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Didcot_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Didcot Power Station">Didcot Power Station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann_Rollason" title="Ann Rollason">Ann Rollason</a> was a printer and bookseller who published the Coventry Mercury newspaper from 1813 to 1846.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trelford" title="Donald Trelford">Donald Trelford</a>, journalist and academic, was born in Coventry and attended <a href="/wiki/Bablake_School" title="Bablake School">Bablake School</a>. He was editor of <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> newspaper from 1975 to 1993.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> Born in Coventry, former <a href="/wiki/King_Henry_VIII_School,_Coventry" title="King Henry VIII School, Coventry">King Henry VIII Grammar School</a> pupil <a href="/wiki/Paul_Connew" title="Paul Connew">Paul Connew</a> became editor of the <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a> and deputy editor of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a> and News of The World – later he became Director of Communications at the children's charity Sparks.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Fleur Sexton, founder and joint managing director of Coventry's PET-Xi Training, was crowned Businesswoman of the Year 2017 at the 35th annual Women of the Year Awards.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_arts">The arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: The arts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Artists_from_Coventry" title="Category:Artists from Coventry">Category:Artists from Coventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Musicians_from_Coventry" title="Category:Musicians from Coventry">Category:Musicians from Coventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Coventry" title="Category:Writers from Coventry">Category:Writers from Coventry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_people_from_Coventry" title="Category:Mass media people from Coventry">Category:Mass media people from Coventry</a></div> The Shakespearean actor <a href="/wiki/Dame_Ellen_Terry" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Ellen Terry">Dame Ellen Terry</a> was born in Coventry in 1847.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> Other Coventrians in the arts include comedy film directors <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Isitt" title="Debbie Isitt">Debbie Isitt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-133">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alice_Lowe" title="Alice Lowe">Alice Lowe</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Maguire" title="Sharon Maguire">Sharon Maguire</a>;<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> comedians <a href="/wiki/Reg_Dixon_(comedian)" title="Reg Dixon (comedian)">Reg Dixon,</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Emma_Fryer" title="Emma Fryer">Emma Fryer</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guz_Khan" title="Guz Khan">Guz Khan</a>;<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> actors <a href="/wiki/Jassa_Ahluwalia" title="Jassa Ahluwalia">Jassa Ahluwalia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bolger" title="Jordan Bolger">Jordan Bolger</a>,<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitin_Ganatra" title="Nitin Ganatra">Nitin Ganatra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hawthorne" title="Nigel Hawthorne">Nigel Hawthorne</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:7-226">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Innocent" title="Harold Innocent">Harold Innocent</a>,<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kay" title="Charles Kay">Charles Kay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clive_Owen" title="Clive Owen">Clive Owen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Price" title="Brendan Price">Brendan Price</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Parkinson" title="Robin Parkinson">Robin Parkinson</a>;<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> actresses <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Barber" title="Gillian Barber">Gillian Barber</a>,<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Dillon" title="Lisa Dillon">Lisa Dillon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-231">[230]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamla_Kari" title="Tamla Kari">Tamla Kari</a>,<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinead_Matthews" title="Sinead Matthews">Sinead Matthews</a>,<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Patel" title="Bharti Patel">Bharti Patel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Silvera" title="Carmen Silvera">Carmen Silvera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Walton" title="Melissa Walton">Melissa Walton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billie_Whitelaw" title="Billie Whitelaw">Billie Whitelaw</a>,<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> musicals star Dave Whillets; theatre producer Dominic Madden,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and ventriloquist <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Spicer" title="Dennis Spicer">Dennis Spicer</a>. Writers from Coventry include the poets <a href="/wiki/Connie_Frazer" title="Connie Frazer">Connie Frazer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Galvin" title="Cathy Galvin">Cathy Galvin</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Larkin" title="Philip Larkin">Philip Larkin</a>;<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> and authors Aaron Ashmore,<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Barrowcliffe" title="Mark Barrowcliffe">Mark Barrowcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Cassidy" title="Cathy Cassidy">Cathy Cassidy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lee_Child" title="Lee Child">Lee Child</a>,<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Connolly" title="Cyril Connolly">Cyril Connolly</a>, Wren James,<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graham_Joyce" title="Graham Joyce">Graham Joyce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> Coventarian painters include <a href="/wiki/Sydney_John_Bunney" title="Sydney John Bunney">Sydney John Bunney</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-245">[244]</a> Herbert Edward Cox,<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Eyre_(painter)" title="John Eyre (painter)">John Eyre</a>,<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Gee_(artist)" title="David Gee (artist)">David Gee</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-245">[244]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhoda_Holmes_Nicholls" title="Rhoda Holmes Nicholls">Rhoda Holmes Nicholls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> Many notable musicians originated in Coventry, including electronic composer <a href="/wiki/Delia_Derbyshire" title="Delia Derbyshire">Delia Derbyshire</a>,<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> members of the Specials <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Dammers" title="Jerry Dammers">Jerry Dammers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Hall_(singer)" title="Terry Hall (singer)">Terry Hall</a>,<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roddy_Radiation" title="Roddy Radiation">Roddy Radiation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neville_Staple" title="Neville Staple">Neville Staple</a>, member of the Selector <a href="/wiki/Neol_Davies" title="Neol Davies">Neol Davies</a>,<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> drummer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Atkins" title="Martin Atkins">Martin Atkins</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-231">[230]</a> heavy metal musician <a href="/wiki/Lee_Dorrian" title="Lee Dorrian">Lee Dorrian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Graham" title="Melissa Graham">Melissa Graham</a> of <a href="/wiki/Solid_HarmoniE" title="Solid HarmoniE">Solid HarmoniE</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-231">[230]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vince_Hill" title="Vince Hill">Vince Hill</a>,<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> yodeller <a href="/wiki/Frank_Ifield" title="Frank Ifield">Frank Ifield</a>, rapper <a href="/wiki/Jay1" title="Jay1">JAY1</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:7-226">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_(singer)" title="Charlotte (singer)">Charlotte Kelly</a>,<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> VJ <a href="/wiki/Paul_King_(musician,_VJ)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul King (musician, VJ)">Paul King</a>,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] DJ <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Lashes" title="Lisa Lashes">Lisa Lashes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> drummer <a href="/wiki/Jen_Ledger" title="Jen Ledger">Jen Ledger</a> of <a href="/wiki/Skillet_(band)" title="Skillet (band)">Skillet</a>,<a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a> composers <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fardon" title="Daniel Fardon">Daniel Fardon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clint_Mansell" title="Clint Mansell">Clint Mansell</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-231">[230]</a> singer <a href="/wiki/Hazel_O%27Connor" title="Hazel O'Connor">Hazel O'Connor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> <a href="/wiki/Julianne_Regan" title="Julianne Regan">Julianne Regan</a> of <a href="/wiki/All_About_Eve_(band)" title="All About Eve (band)">All About Eve</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-231">[230]</a> lead singer of the band Stereo Nation <a href="/wiki/Taz_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taz (singer)">Taz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CT64-212">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/Panjabi_MC" title="Panjabi MC">Panjabi MC</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> and pianist <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Woodward" title="Hilda Woodward">Hilda Woodward</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wills_(musician)" title="Arthur Wills (musician)">Arthur Wills</a>, composer, organist and Director of Music at <a href="/wiki/Ely_Cathedral" title="Ely Cathedral">Ely Cathedral</a> (1958–1990), was also born in Coventry.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> Record producer <a href="/wiki/Pete_Waterman" title="Pete Waterman">Pete Waterman</a> is from the city,<a href="#cite_note-CT64-212">[211]</a> and was president of rugby team the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Bears" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Bears">Coventry Bears</a>, now the Midlands Hurricanes. <a href="/wiki/2_Tone_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Tone (music genre)">2 Tone</a> music developed in and around Coventry in the 1970s and two of the genre's most notable bands, <a href="/wiki/The_Specials" title="The Specials">The Specials</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Selecter" title="The Selecter">The Selecter</a>, are both from the city.<a href="#cite_note-Petridis-131">[130]</a> The movement is celebrated at the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Music_Museum" title="Coventry Music Museum">Coventry Music Museum</a>. Other Coventry bands include <a href="/wiki/Bolt_Thrower" title="Bolt Thrower">Bolt Thrower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Automatics" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Automatics">Coventry Automatics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Pigeon" title="Lieutenant Pigeon">Lieutenant Pigeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Primitives" title="The Primitives">The Primitives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adorable_(band)" title="Adorable (band)">Adorable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fun_Boy_Three" title="Fun Boy Three">Fun Boy Three</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Colourfield" title="The Colourfield">The Colourfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_(new_wave_band)" title="King (new wave band)">King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(British_band)" title="Jigsaw (British band)">Jigsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napalm_Death" title="Napalm Death">Napalm Death</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Sorrows" title="The Sorrows">The Sorrows</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Enemy_(UK_rock_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Enemy (UK rock band)">The Enemy</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Ripps" title="The Ripps">The Ripps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> The former glamour model <a href="/wiki/Debee_Ashby" title="Debee Ashby">Debee Ashby</a> and international fashion model <a href="/wiki/Neelam_Gill" title="Neelam Gill">Neelam Gill</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> are from Coventry. Coventry broadcasters include <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Joseph" title="Gillian Joseph">Gillian Joseph</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Kabler" title="Jackie Kabler">Jackie Kabler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a> broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Brian_Matthew" title="Brian Matthew">Brian Matthew</a> was a Coventrian,<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> as is former <a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a> broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Richard_Keys" title="Richard Keys">Richard Keys</a> who attended Whitley Abbey School.<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Coventry" title="Category:Sportspeople from Coventry">Category:Sportspeople from Coventry</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Coventry" title="Special:EditPage/Coventry">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Coventry%22">"Coventry"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Coventry%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Coventry%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Coventry%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Coventry%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Coventry%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (November 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Notable Coventrians in sports include <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">speedway</a> rider <a href="/wiki/Tom_Farndon" title="Tom Farndon">Tom Farndon</a>;<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> <a href="/wiki/Davis_Cup" title="Davis Cup">Davis Cup</a> tennis player <a href="/wiki/Tony_Mottram" title="Tony Mottram">Tony Mottram</a>; footballers <a href="/wiki/Graham_Alexander" title="Graham Alexander">Graham Alexander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Gould" title="Bobby Gould">Bobby Gould</a>,<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reg_Matthews" title="Reg Matthews">Reg Matthews</a>,<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_McSheffrey" title="Gary McSheffrey">Gary McSheffrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Maddison" title="James Maddison">James Maddison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thomas_(footballer,_born_1944)" title="Peter Thomas (footballer, born 1944)">Peter Thomas</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Callum_Wilson_(English_footballer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Callum Wilson (English footballer)">Callum Wilson</a>; soccer player <a href="/wiki/Patricia_O%27Connor_(soccer)" title="Patricia O'Connor (soccer)">Patricia O'Connor</a>;<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> cricketers <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cartwright" title="Tom Cartwright">Tom Cartwright</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Bell" title="Ian Bell">Ian Bell</a>;<a href="#cite_note-:8-273">[272]</a> rugby union players <a href="/wiki/Andy_Goode" title="Andy Goode">Andy Goode</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:7-226">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Preece" title="Ivor Preece">Ivor Preece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Fairbrother" title="Keith Fairbrother">Keith Fairbrother</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Duckham" title="David Duckham">David Duckham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Back" title="Neil Back">Neil Back</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:8-273">[272]</a> <a href="/wiki/Danny_Grewcock" title="Danny Grewcock">Danny Grewcock</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:8-273">[272]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Evans_(rugby_union_born_1950)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoff Evans (rugby union born 1950)">Geoff Evans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wood_(rugby_union)" title="Tom Wood (rugby union)">Tom Wood</a>;<a href="#cite_note-:8-273">[272]</a> squash and tennis player <a href="/wiki/Sally_Jones_(journalist)" title="Sally Jones (journalist)">Sally Jones</a>;<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> bantamweight boxer <a href="/wiki/Les_Tarrant" title="Les Tarrant">Les Tarrant</a>;<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> judokas <a href="/wiki/Chelsie_Giles" title="Chelsie Giles">Chelsie Giles</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yasmin_Javadian" title="Yasmin Javadian">Yasmin Javadian</a>;<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> gymnasts <a href="/wiki/Jade_Faulkner" title="Jade Faulkner">Jade Faulkner</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Smith_(gymnast)" title="Rachel Smith (gymnast)">Rachel Smith</a>;<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> <a href="/wiki/MotoGP" class="mw-redirect" title="MotoGP">MotoGP</a> rider <a href="/wiki/Cal_Crutchlow" title="Cal Crutchlow">Cal Crutchlow</a>;<a href="#cite_note-CT64-212">[211]</a> golfer <a href="/wiki/Laura_Davies" title="Laura Davies">Dame Laura Davies</a>;<a href="#cite_note-:1-152">[151]</a> sprinters <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Devonish" title="Marlon Devonish">Marlon Devonish</a><a href="#cite_note-CT64-212">[211]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yasmin_Liverpool" title="Yasmin Liverpool">Yasmin Liverpool</a>;<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> distance runners <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Carey" title="Sheila Carey">Sheila Carey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kilby" title="Brian Kilby">Brian Kilby</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Moorcroft" title="David Moorcroft">David Moorcroft</a>;<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> wrestler <a href="/wiki/Millie_McKenzie" title="Millie McKenzie">Millie McKenzie</a>;<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> swimmers <a href="/wiki/Graham_Sykes" title="Graham Sykes">Graham Sykes</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-284">[283]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daphne_Wilkinson" title="Daphne Wilkinson">Daphne Wilkinson</a>;<a href="#cite_note-:6-284">[283]</a> darts player <a href="/wiki/Steve_Beaton" title="Steve Beaton">Steve Beaton</a>; and snooker player <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Dale" title="Dominic Dale">Dominic Dale</a>. Boxer <a href="/wiki/Errol_Christie" title="Errol Christie">Errol Christie</a> also grew up in Coventry. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_City">Freedom of the City</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Freedom of the City">edit</a>]</div> The following people, military units and organisations and groups have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Coventry: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Individuals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Herbert" title="Alfred Herbert">Alfred Herbert</a>: 15 June 1933.<a href="#cite_note-:3-285">[284]</a></li> <li>Hugh Richard Farren: 10 December 1936.<a href="#cite_note-:3-285">[284]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Robert_Grindlay" title="Alfred Robert Grindlay">Alfred Robert Grindlay</a> and George Edward Hodgkinson: 15 November 1962.<a href="#cite_note-:3-285">[284]</a></li> <li>Edward Langton: 1 May 1969.<a href="#cite_note-:3-285">[284]</a></li> <li>Arthur James Waugh: 7 April 1982.<a href="#cite_note-:3-285">[284]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Mowlam" title="Mo Mowlam">Mo Mowlam</a>: 26 November 1999.<a href="#cite_note-:3-285">[284]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumar_Bhattacharyya,_Baron_Bhattacharyya" title="Kumar Bhattacharyya, Baron Bhattacharyya">Lord Bhattacharyya</a>: 1 October 2015.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratan_Tata" title="Ratan Tata">Ratan Tata</a>: 1 October 2015.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Military units">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Diamond_(D34)" title="HMS Diamond (D34)">HMS Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>: 16 October 2014.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisations_and_Groups">Organisations and Groups</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Organisations and Groups">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/University_Hospitals_Coventry_and_Warwickshire_NHS_Trust" title="University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust">University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust</a>: 14 July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a></li></ul> A register of the names of all the Freemen of the City of Coventry is held by the Council and is kept in the Lord Mayor's Office.<a href="#cite_note-:3-285">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Coventry" title="Grade I listed buildings in Coventry">Grade I listed buildings in Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Coventry" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Coventry">Grade II* listed buildings in Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_West_Midlands" title="Healthcare in West Midlands">Healthcare in West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Ancient_Monuments_in_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Coventry">Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Send_to_Coventry" title="Send to Coventry">Send to Coventry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census2021-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_1-6">g</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E08000026">"Coventry Local Authority 2021 Census Area Profile"</a>. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 10 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Coventry+Local+Authority+2021+Census+Area+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE08000026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coventry.gov.uk/lord-mayor/lord-mayor-coventry">"Lord Mayor of Coventry"</a>. Coventry City Council. Retrieved 20 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coventry+City+Council&rft.atitle=Lord+Mayor+of+Coventry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coventry.gov.uk%2Flord-mayor%2Flord-mayor-coventry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-3"><a href="#cite_ref-appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database/-/data.general.urb">"Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629143322/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database/-/data.general.urb">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+on+1+January+by+age+groups+and+sex+%E2%80%93+functional+urban+areas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdata%2Fdatabase%2F-%2Fdata.general.urb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2018">"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191008104805/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2018">Archived</a> 8 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a>. Retrieved 16 December 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-2011census-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_5-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls">"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160224143452/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls">Archived</a> 24 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a>. Retrieved 25 December 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoachHartmanSetterJones2006" class="citation book cs1">Roach, Peter; Hartman, James; Setter, Jane; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a>, eds. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishpronounci00dani">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a> (17th ed.). Cambridge: CUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-68086-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-68086-8"><bdi>978-0-521-68086-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=17th&rft.pub=CUP&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-68086-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishpronounci00dani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423174905/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Coventry">"Coventry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Coventry">the original</a> on 23 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Coventry&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FCoventry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT3/H6/CP40no764/aCP40no764fronts/IMG_0630.htm">Coventry city charter in Latin</a>, aalt.law.uh.edu. Accessed 11 December 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wmca.org.uk/who-we-are/">https://www.wmca.org.uk/who-we-are/</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">List of English districts by population</a> based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2018">ONS mid-year population estimates for 2018</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191008104805/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2018">Archived</a> 8 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: Coventry is the 9th-largest city by population in England and the 11th-largest city in the UK proper with a 2018 mid-year estimated population of 366,785 (and a 2011 Census population of 316,915). This is after London (1st: 8,908,081), Birmingham (2nd: 1,141,374), Leeds (3rd: 789,194), Glasgow (Scotland) (4th: 626,410), Sheffield (5th 582,506), Manchester (6th: 547,627), Bradford (7th: 537,173), Edinburgh (Scotland) (8th: 518,500), Liverpool (9th: 494,814), Bristol (10th, 463,405), Coventry (11th: 366,785). (This is followed by Cardiff (Wales) (12th: 364,248) and Leicester (13th: 355,218).) </li> <li id="cite_note-citpopCovBed-11"><a href="#cite_ref-citpopCovBed_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/cities/englandua/?cityid=7136">"United Kingdom: Urban Areas in England"</a>. Citypulation. Retrieved 14 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Kingdom%3A+Urban+Areas+in+England&rft.pub=Citypulation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fcities%2Fenglandua%2F%3Fcityid%3D7136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/UK_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Lindley%20Hall%20Farms%2C%20Nuneaton%2C%20UK&toplace=Coventry%2C%20UK&dt1=ChIJ8ecOmp1Rd0gRRQSdOHqG91o&dt2=ChIJtyJuZVGxcEgRiQZPVvVg9gQ&sr=dc">"Distance between Lindley Hall Farms, Nuneaton, UK and Coventry, UK (UK)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018003100/https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/UK_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Lindley%20Hall%20Farms%2C%20Nuneaton%2C%20UK&toplace=Coventry%2C%20UK&dt1=ChIJ8ecOmp1Rd0gRRQSdOHqG91o&dt2=ChIJtyJuZVGxcEgRiQZPVvVg9gQ&sr=dc">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2018. 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CoventryLive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730053136/https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/inspirational-film-charting-coventrys-history-18664093">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CoventryLive&rft.atitle=Inspirational+film+launches+new+City+of+Culture+brand&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft.aulast=LLoyd&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coventrytelegraph.net%2Fnews%2Fcoventry-news%2Finspirational-film-charting-coventrys-history-18664093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itsnicethat.com/news/uncommon-coventry-city-of-culture-identity-graphic-design-280720">"Uncommon's modular Coventry City of Culture identity references the city's brutalist history"</a>. itsnicethat.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806222740/https://www.itsnicethat.com/news/uncommon-coventry-city-of-culture-identity-graphic-design-280720">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=itsnicethat.com&rft.atitle=Uncommon%27s+modular+Coventry+City+of+Culture+identity+references+the+city%27s+brutalist+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itsnicethat.com%2Fnews%2Funcommon-coventry-city-of-culture-identity-graphic-design-280720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunt_UoW-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_UoW_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/classics/warwickclassicsnetwork/romancoventry/resources/lunt/development/">"The Development and History of Lunt Fort"</a>. University of Warwick. 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Retrieved 18 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=Fifty+acorns+tied+in+a+sack...&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fcoventry%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2008%2F05%2F28%2Fjohn_yoko_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906063348/http://www.transport-museum.com/">"Coventry Transport Museum"</a>. www.transport-museum.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transport-museum.com">the original</a> on 6 September 2015. 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Retrieved 5 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Free+Men+of+Coventry+%7C+The+Coventry+Society&rft.date=2020-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coventrysociety.org.uk%2F2020%2F10%2F23%2Fthe-free-men-of-coventry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/coventry_gives_its/">"Coventry gives its highest honour to two leaders of automotive engineering industry"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coventry+gives+its+highest+honour+to+two+leaders+of+automotive+engineering+industry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarwick.ac.uk%2Fnewsandevents%2Fpressreleases%2Fcoventry_gives_its%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEccleston2014" class="citation web cs1">Eccleston, Ben (13 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/freedom-coventry-hms-diamond-7927026">"Freedom of Coventry for HMS Diamond"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211135936/http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/freedom-coventry-hms-diamond-7927026">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freedom+of+Coventry+for+HMS+Diamond&rft.date=2014-10-13&rft.aulast=Eccleston&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coventrytelegraph.net%2Fnews%2Fcoventry-news%2Ffreedom-coventry-hms-diamond-7927026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coventry.gov.uk/news/article/4315/hospital-to-be-granted-freedom-of-city-as-covid-thanks">"Hospital to be granted Freedom of City as COVID thanks"</a>. Coventry City Council. Retrieved 12 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coventry+City+Council&rft.atitle=Hospital+to+be+granted+Freedom+of+City+as+COVID+thanks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coventry.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F4315%2Fhospital-to-be-granted-freedom-of-city-as-covid-thanks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coventry.gov.uk/news/article/4321/hospital-granted-freedom-of-city-as-covid-thanks">"Hospital granted Freedom of City as COVID thanks"</a>. Coventry City Council. Retrieved 20 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coventry+City+Council&rft.atitle=Hospital+granted+Freedom+of+City+as+COVID+thanks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coventry.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F4321%2Fhospital-granted-freedom-of-city-as-covid-thanks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wmlieutenancy.org/event/granting-of-the-freedom-of-the-city-of-coventry-to-university-hospital-coventry-warwickshire/">"Granting of the Freedom of the City of Coventry to University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire"</a>. The West Midlands Lieutenancy. Retrieved 20 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+West+Midlands+Lieutenancy&rft.atitle=Granting+of+the+Freedom+of+the+City+of+Coventry+to+University+Hospital+Coventry+%26+Warwickshire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwmlieutenancy.org%2Fevent%2Fgranting-of-the-freedom-of-the-city-of-coventry-to-university-hospital-coventry-warwickshire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-coventry-warwickshire-62169178">"Coventry: Hospitals given Freedom of the City for Covid fight"</a>. BBC News. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Coventry%3A+Hospitals+given+Freedom+of+the+City+for+Covid+fight&rft.date=2022-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-coventry-warwickshire-62169178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uhcw.nhs.uk/news/uhcw-nhs-trust-granted-freedom-of-the-city-as-covid-19-thanks/">"UHCW NHS Trust granted Freedom of the City as Covid-19 thanks"</a>. The University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust. Retrieved 20 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+Hospitals+Coventry+and+Warwickshire+NHS+Trust&rft.atitle=UHCW+NHS+Trust+granted+Freedom+of+the+City+as+Covid-19+thanks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uhcw.nhs.uk%2Fnews%2Fuhcw-nhs-trust-granted-freedom-of-the-city-as-covid-19-thanks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2022" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Ellie (15 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/you-heroes-message-coventry-hospital-24490611">"'You are all heroes': Message to Coventry hospital staff as Freedom of City honour awarded"</a>. The Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved 20 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Coventry+Telegraph&rft.atitle=%27You+are+all+heroes%27%3A+Message+to+Coventry+hospital+staff+as+Freedom+of+City+honour+awarded&rft.date=2022-07-15&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Ellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coventrytelegraph.net%2Fnews%2Fcoventry-news%2Fyou-heroes-message-coventry-hospital-24490611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-coventry-warwickshire-65019022">"Coventry hospital's freedom of the city plaque unveiled"</a>. BBC News Coventry and Warwickshire. 21 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Coventry+and+Warwickshire&rft.atitle=Coventry+hospital%27s+freedom+of+the+city+plaque+unveiled&rft.date=2023-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-coventry-warwickshire-65019022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox1957" class="citation book cs1">Fox, Levi (1957). Coventry's Heritage.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coventry%27s+Heritage&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrory1993" class="citation book cs1">McGrory, David (1993). Coventry: History and Guide. A. Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-0194-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-0194-2"><bdi>0-7509-0194-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coventry%3A+History+and+Guide&rft.pub=A.+Sutton&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-7509-0194-2&rft.aulast=McGrory&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlater1981" class="citation book cs1">Slater, Terry (1981). A History of Warwickshire. Phillimore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85033-416-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85033-416-0"><bdi>0-85033-416-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Warwickshire&rft.pub=Phillimore&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-85033-416-0&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=Terry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalters2019" class="citation book cs1">Walters, Peter (2019). The Little History of Coventry. History Press Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-8908-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-8908-4"><bdi>978-0-7509-8908-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Little+History+of+Coventry&rft.pub=History+Press+Limited&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-8908-4&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Bombing of Coventry. BBC Television. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bombing+of+Coventry&rft.pub=BBC+Television&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoventry" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Hunt, Cathy. (2018) A History of Women's Lives in Coventry. Pen & Sword Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781526708526" title="Special:BookSources/9781526708526">9781526708526</a>.</li> <li>Smith, Albert, and David Fry. (1991) The Coventry We Have Lost. 2 vols. Berkswell: Simanda Press, 1991, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9513867-1-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9513867-1-9">0-9513867-1-9</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9513867-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9513867-2-7">0-9513867-2-7</a>.</li> <li>Walters, Peter. (2013) The Story of Coventry. The History Press Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860776922" title="Special:BookSources/9781860776922">9781860776922</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coventry&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Coventry" class="extiw" title="commons:Coventry">Coventry</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Coventry#Q6225" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Coventry">Coventry</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coventry.gov.uk/">Coventry City Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historiccoventry.co.uk/">Historic Coventry</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Destinations_from_Coventry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Destinations_from_Coventry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Destinations from Coventry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield" title="Sutton Coldfield">Sutton Coldfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bedworth" title="Bedworth">Bedworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuneaton" title="Nuneaton">Nuneaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burton-on-Trent" class="mw-redirect" title="Burton-on-Trent">Burton-on-Trent</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinckley" title="Hinckley">Hinckley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Balsall_Common" title="Balsall Common">Balsall Common</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Coventry<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire" title="Rugby, Warwickshire">Rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutterworth" title="Lutterworth">Lutterworth</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenilworth" title="Kenilworth">Kenilworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leamington_Spa" title="Leamington Spa">Leamington Spa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daventry" title="Daventry">Daventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_West_Midlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Midlands_County" title="Template:West Midlands County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:West_Midlands_County" title="Template talk:West Midlands County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:West_Midlands_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:West Midlands County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_West_Midlands" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">City of Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Coventry">City of Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Dudley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Dudley">Metropolitan Borough of Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell" title="Sandwell">Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Solihull" title="Metropolitan Borough of Solihull">Metropolitan Borough of Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Walsall" title="Metropolitan Borough of Walsall">Metropolitan Borough of Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">City of Wolverhampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements (cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldridge" title="Aldridge">Aldridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilston" title="Bilston">Bilston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackheath,_West_Midlands" title="Blackheath, West Midlands">Blackheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloxwich" title="Bloxwich">Bloxwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournville" title="Bournville">Bournville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brierley_Hill" title="Brierley Hill">Brierley Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownhills" title="Brownhills">Brownhills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelmsley_Wood" title="Chelmsley Wood">Chelmsley Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coseley" title="Coseley">Coseley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradley_Heath" title="Cradley Heath">Cradley Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlaston" title="Darlaston">Darlaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorridge" title="Dorridge">Dorridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley" title="Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston" title="Edgbaston">Edgbaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdington" title="Erdington">Erdington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornal,_West_Midlands" title="Gornal, West Midlands">Gornal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halesowen" title="Halesowen">Halesowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingswinford" title="Kingswinford">Kingswinford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowle,_West_Midlands" title="Knowle, West Midlands">Knowle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longbridge" title="Longbridge">Longbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherton,_West_Midlands" title="Netherton, West Midlands">Netherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldbury,_West_Midlands" title="Oldbury, West Midlands">Oldbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelsall" title="Pelsall">Pelsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensnett" title="Pensnett">Pensnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry_Bank" title="Quarry Bank">Quarry Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowley_Regis" title="Rowley Regis">Rowley Regis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedgley" title="Sedgley">Sedgley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak" title="Selly Oak">Selly Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley,_West_Midlands" title="Shirley, West Midlands">Shirley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smethwick" title="Smethwick">Smethwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stourbridge" title="Stourbridge">Stourbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetly" title="Streetly">Streetly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield" title="Sutton Coldfield">Sutton Coldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipton" title="Tipton">Tipton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tividale" title="Tividale">Tividale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wednesbury" title="Wednesbury">Wednesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wednesfield" title="Wednesfield">Wednesfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich">West Bromwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willenhall" title="Willenhall">Willenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wordsley" title="Wordsley">Wordsley</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_West_Midlands_(county)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Blythe" title="River Blythe">River Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Cole,_West_Midlands" title="River Cole, West Midlands">River Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Penk" title="River Penk">River Penk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Rea" title="River Rea">River Rea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saredon_Brook" title="Saredon Brook">Saredon Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smestow_Brook" title="Smestow Brook">Smestow Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sherbourne" title="River Sherbourne">River Sherbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sow" title="River Sow">River Sow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sowe" title="River Sowe">River Sowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Worcestershire" title="River Stour, Worcestershire">River Stour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tame,_West_Midlands" title="River Tame, West Midlands">River Tame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Canal_Navigations" title="Birmingham Canal Navigations">Birmingham Canal Navigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Union_Canal" title="Shropshire Union Canal">Shropshire Union Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_and_Worcestershire_Canal" title="Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal">Staffordshire & Worcestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_and_Birmingham_Canal" title="Worcester and Birmingham Canal">Worcester & Birmingham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in West Midlands">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_West_Midlands_(county)_by_population" title="List of settlements in West Midlands (county) by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in West Midlands">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_the_West_Midlands" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the West Midlands">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_the_West_Midlands_(county)" title="Category:Country houses in the West Midlands (county)">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Grade I listed buildings in West Midlands">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II* listed buildings in West Midlands">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_the_West_Midlands" title="Scheduled monuments in the West Midlands">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservation_areas_in_the_West_Midlands_(county)" title="List of conservation areas in the West Midlands (county)">Conservation areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Midlands_County" class="mw-redirect" title="History of West Midlands County">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_the_West_Midlands" title="Lord Lieutenant of the West Midlands">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_the_West_Midlands" title="High Sheriff of the West Midlands">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_West_Midlands" title="List of museums in the West Midlands">Museums</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Black_Country" title="Black Country">Black Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Airport" title="Birmingham Airport">Birmingham Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry/Bedworth_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry/Bedworth Urban Area">Coventry/Bedworth Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_for_West_Midlands" title="Transport for West Midlands">Transport for West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_conurbation" title="West Midlands conurbation">West Midlands conurbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Combined_Authority" title="West Midlands Combined Authority">West Midlands Combined Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_West_Midlands" title="Mayor of the West Midlands">Mayor of the West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Police" title="West Midlands Police">West Midlands Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_the_West_Midlands_Region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Midlands" title="Template:West Midlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:West_Midlands" title="Template talk:West Midlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:West_Midlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:West Midlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_the_West_Midlands_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:West_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/West_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg/153px-West_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/West_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg/230px-West_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/West_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg/306px-West_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1161" data-file-height="1306" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_(district)" title="Shropshire (district)">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin" title="Telford and Wrekin">Telford and Wrekin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannock_Chase_District" title="Cannock Chase District">Cannock Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Staffordshire" title="East Staffordshire">East Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_District" title="Lichfield District">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme" title="Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme">Newcastle-under-Lyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire" title="South Staffordshire">South Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stafford" title="Borough of Stafford">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Moorlands" title="Staffordshire Moorlands">Staffordshire Moorlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_Staffordshire" title="Tamworth, Staffordshire">Tamworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Warwickshire" title="North Warwickshire">North Warwickshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuneaton_and_Bedworth" title="Nuneaton and Bedworth">Nuneaton and Bedworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Rugby" title="Borough of Rugby">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford-on-Avon_District" title="Stratford-on-Avon District">Stratford-on-Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_District" title="Warwick District">Warwick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Dudley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell" title="Sandwell">Sandwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Solihull" title="Metropolitan Borough of Solihull">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Walsall" title="Metropolitan Borough of Walsall">Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromsgrove_District" title="Bromsgrove District">Bromsgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvern_Hills_District" title="Malvern Hills District">Malvern Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redditch" title="Redditch">Redditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wychavon" title="Wychavon">Wychavon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyre_Forest_District" title="Wyre Forest District">Wyre Forest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_cities" title="Template:UK cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_cities" title="Template talk:UK cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Cities of the</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory#United_Kingdom" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="British_overseas_cities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_districts_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_districts_of_England" title="Template:Metropolitan districts of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_districts_of_England" title="Template talk:Metropolitan districts of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_districts_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan districts of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_districts_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan districts of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Barnsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley">Barnsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bolton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bury" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bury">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderdale" title="Calderdale">Calderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Dudley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Gateshead" title="Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead">Gateshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirklees" title="Kirklees">Kirklees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley">Knowsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tyneside" title="North Tyneside">North Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Oldham" title="Metropolitan Borough of Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rotherham" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham">Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell" title="Sandwell">Sandwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Sefton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Solihull" title="Metropolitan Borough of Solihull">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside" title="South Tyneside">South Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stockport">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside" title="Tameside">Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Walsall" title="Metropolitan Borough of Walsall">Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wigan" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wigan">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg/125px-English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg/188px-English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg/250px-English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council">Barnsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_Council" title="Birmingham City Council">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolton_Council" title="Bolton Council">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford_Metropolitan_District_Council" title="City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bury_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Bury Metropolitan Borough Council">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderdale_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council">Calderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Council" title="Coventry City Council">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncaster_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Doncaster Council">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council">Gateshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirklees_Council" title="Kirklees Council">Kirklees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council">Knowsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council" title="Leeds City Council">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_City_Council" title="Manchester City Council">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_City_Council" title="Newcastle City Council">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tyneside_Council" title="North Tyneside Council">North Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldham_Council" title="Oldham Council">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Borough_Council" title="Rochdale Borough Council">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotherham_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council">Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salford_City_Council" title="Salford City Council">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council">Sandwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Council" title="Sefton Council">Sefton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_City_Council" title="Sheffield City Council">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside_Council" title="South Tyneside Council">South Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helens_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="St Helens Council">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunderland_City_Council" title="Sunderland City Council">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council">Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford_Council" title="Trafford Council">Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield_Council" title="Wakefield Council">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsall_Council" title="Walsall Council">Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigan_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirral_Council" title="Wirral Council">Wirral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverhampton City Council">Wolverhampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Barnsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_Council_elections" title="Birmingham City Council elections">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolton_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford_Metropolitan_District_Council_elections" title="City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council elections">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bury_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bury Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderdale_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Calderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Council_elections" title="Coventry City Council elections">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncaster_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Gateshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirklees_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Kirklees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Knowsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council_elections" title="Leeds City Council elections">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council_elections" title="Liverpool City Council elections">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_City_Council_elections" title="Manchester City Council elections">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_City_Council_elections" title="Newcastle City Council elections">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tyneside_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council elections">North Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldham_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotherham_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salford_City_Council_elections" title="Salford City Council elections">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Sandwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Sefton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_City_Council_elections" title="Sheffield City Council elections">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council elections">South Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helens_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council elections">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunderland_City_Council_elections" title="Sunderland City Council elections">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield_Metropolitan_District_Council_elections" title="Wakefield Metropolitan District Council elections">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsall_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigan_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirral_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Wirral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_City_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverhampton City Council elections">Wolverhampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UK_City_of_Culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_City_of_Culture" title="Template:UK City of Culture"><abbr 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selflink">Coventry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_UK_City_of_Culture_2021" title="Coventry UK City of Culture 2021">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_UK_City_of_Culture_2025" title="Bradford UK City of Culture 2025">2025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_City_of_Culture_2025_bids" title="UK City of Culture 2025 bids">bidding process</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6225#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6225#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6225#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/144256353">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1213937/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhX88WBQyxGCgwRx3yKh3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010659-7">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81071238">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0046508&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007566715705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/aab979a4-b106-4baa-a4a3-fc45f775cff9">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coventry&oldid=1258741278">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coventry&oldid=1258741278</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coventry" title="Category:Coventry">Coventry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Towns_in_the_West_Midlands_(county)" 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