Progress in the clean energy transition – Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach

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1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Oil and natural gas supply" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Fossil Fuels</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/renewables" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img 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550w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo depicts a solar panels and windmills in the power plant" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Renewables</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="photo from the perspective of looking up to the top of electricity tower pylons with a colorful blue and yellow background in the sky" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Electricity</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/low-emission-fuels" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Low-emission fuels" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Low-Emission Fuels</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/transport" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Transport" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Transport</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/industry" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Tracking industry" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Industry</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Tracking buildings" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Buildings</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&h=336&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=112 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=308 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=617 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=336 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=673 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Hector Martinez Ruupyvdsnek Unsplash" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy Efficiency and Demand</p> </a> </div> <div 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550w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Ccus Tall" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="LED screen macro" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Decarbonisation Enablers</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails-list"> <ul> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/buildings" tabindex="-1"> <span>Buildings</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" 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href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" tabindex="-1"> <span>Decarbonisation Enablers</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--soft-accent" href="/energy-system" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Explore all</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="g-nav__item"> <a href="/topics" aria-controls="navigation-2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-nav-link>Topics <span class="g-nav__item-chevron"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span></span></a> <div class="g-nav__menu" id="navigation-2" role="menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="g-nav__menu-inner"> <div class="g-nav__menu-header"> <span class="g-nav__menu-title">Understand the biggest energy challenges</span> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails "> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-items"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/cop28-tracking-the-energy-outcomes" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=121 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=242 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=132 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=264 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo of planet earth taken from space" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/energy-security" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Electricity security report cover" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy Security</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/climate-change" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&h=258&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=473 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=258 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=516 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Climate Change</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/access-and-affordability" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Access and Affordability</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/artificial-intelligence" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=600&h=133&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=122 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=243 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=133 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=266 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo Depicts Abstract Curly Tendrils Against Blue Background Gettyimages 1041976390" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Artificial Intelligence</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/net-zero-emissions" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Aerial View Of Wind Turbines" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Net Zero Emissions</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 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sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Russias War On Ukraine Topic Page Cover An Empty Train Station In Lviv Urkaine" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Russia's War on Ukraine</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/the-ieas-50th-anniversary" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="50 Bg 2" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">The IEA's 50th Anniversary</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/energy-and-gender" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=121 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=242 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=132 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=264 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Thisisengineering X7cls0azgkg Unsplash" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy and Gender</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/investment" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=515 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Investment Topic Page Cover Image Windwills In The Background With Solar Panels At The Foreground" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Investment</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails-list"> <ul> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a 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With selective focus and bokeh." class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Technology Perspectives 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — October 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--flagship-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=348&h=471&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=390 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=780 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=439 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=878 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=943 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Image Showing A Wave Liquid Shape Color Background Art Design Vector Illustration Gettyimages 1148599351 Cmyk" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">World Energy Outlook 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — October 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--fuel-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-default m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/oil-market-report-november-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Oil Market Report - 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href="/reports/net-zero-roadmap-a-global-pathway-to-keep-the-15-0c-goal-in-reach/making-the-net-zero-scenario-a-reality#abstract" class="f-ui-1-bold" >Making the Net Zero Scenario a reality</a> </li> <li> <a href="/reports/net-zero-roadmap-a-global-pathway-to-keep-the-15-0c-goal-in-reach/secure-equitable-and-co-operative-transitions#abstract" class="f-ui-1-bold" >Secure, equitable and co-operative transitions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-modal m-modal--" data-modal-dialog tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="modal-cite-progress-in-the-clean-energy-transition" data-behavior="modalDialog" data-modaldialog-id="modal-cite-progress-in-the-clean-energy-transition" > <div class="m-modal__dialog" role="document"> <div class="m-modal__body f-body"> <p>IEA (2023), <i>Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach</i>, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-roadmap-a-global-pathway-to-keep-the-15-0c-goal-in-reach, 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="m-modal m-modal--" data-modal-dialog tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="modal-mobile-progress-in-the-clean-energy-transition" data-behavior="modalDialog" data-modaldialog-id="modal-mobile-progress-in-the-clean-energy-transition" > <div class="m-modal__dialog" role="document"> <div class="m-modal__body f-body"> <a class="a-link a-link--quaternary " href="https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9a698da4-4002-4e53-8ef3-631d8971bf84/NetZeroRoadmap_AGlobalPathwaytoKeepthe1.5CGoalinReach-2023Update.pdf" data-focus-tabbed download='' > <span class="a-link__label">Download</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <header id="abstract" class="m-report-page-title" > <div class="container"> <div class="m-report-page-title__parent"> <a class="a-link a-link--expressive a-link__icon-reverse " href="/reports/net-zero-roadmap-a-global-pathway-to-keep-the-15-0c-goal-in-reach" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-link__label">Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow-left icon--20"><svg><title>Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow-left"></use></svg></span></a> </div> <h2 class="m-report-page-title__text f-title-2"> Progress in the clean energy transition </h2> </div> </header> <div class="m-block-wrapper " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <ul><li> The IEA’s landmark report <em>Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector</em> was published in 2021. It translates the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (°C) into a concrete roadmap for the global energy sector. In the two years since then, the energy sector has undergone major shifts.</li><li>Energy sector CO<sub>2</sub> emissions remain worryingly high, reaching a new record of 37 gigatonnes (Gt) in 2022. Instead of starting to fall as envisaged in the 2021 report, demand for fossil fuels has increased – spurred by the energy crisis of 2022 after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine – and so have investments in supply. Progress on energy access has stalled while millions of people still lack access to electricity and clean cooking, notably in sub-Saharan Africa.   </li><li>On a brighter note, clean energy technology adoption surged at an unprecedented pace over the last two years. Solar PV capacity additions increased by nearly 50%, and currently track ahead of the trajectory envisaged in the 2021 version of our Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario). Electric car sales expanded 240% and stationary battery installations by 200% since 2020. We now estimate that global manufacturing capacities for solar PV and electric vehicle batteries would be sufficient to meet projected demand in 2030 in the updated NZE Scenario, if announced projects proceed. This progress reflects cost reductions for key clean energy technologies – solar PV, wind, heat pumps and batteries – which fell by close to 80% on a deployment weighted average basis between 2010 and 2022.<br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:1"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="announced-manufacturing-project-throughput-and-deployment-of-key-technologies-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Existing manufacturing capacity: 2022 production;Existing manufacturing capacity: Increased utilisation;Announced manufacturing projects: Committed;Announced manufacturing projects: Preliminary;Gap to NZE Solar PV;0-32;32-66;66-82;82-130;0-0 Batteries;0-11;11-22;22-44;44-93;93-100 Wind;0-31;0-0;31-33;33-36;36-100 Heat pumps;0-26;0-0;0-0;26-36;36-100 Electrolysers;0-1;1-7;7-11;11-81;81-100" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="0" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="columnrange" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"yAxis\": {\"tickInterval\": 50, \"plotLines\": [ {\"value\": 100, \"zIndex\": 999, \"label\": {\"align\": \"right\", \"text\": \"NZE Scenario deployment needs in 2030\"}, \"className\": \"highcharts-dotted\"}] }, \"series\": [{},{},{\"colorIndex\": 3},{\"colorIndex\": 2},{\"colorIndex\": 5}] }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="%" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Announced manufacturing project throughput and deployment of key technologies in the Net Zero Scenario, 2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/announced-manufacturing-project-throughput-and-deployment-of-key-technologies-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2030" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Announced manufacturing project throughput and deployment of key technologies in the Net Zero Scenario, 2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <ul><li>Driven by policies, expanding markets, and falling costs, clean energy technologies are shifting the outlook for emissions even under current policies. In the Stated Policies Scenario, emissions are now projected to be 7.5 Gt lower in 2030 than in our 2015 Pre-Paris Baseline Scenario, of which policy driven expansions of solar PV and wind account for 5 Gt and electric vehicles for nearly 1 Gt. This shift in the outlook means that the projected warming of 2.4 °C in 2100 under current policy settings, though still worryingly high, is now 1 °C lower than before the Paris Agreement in 2015<br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:1"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="global-energy-sector-co2-emissions-in-the-pre-paris-baseline-and-stated-policies-scenarios-2015-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="0" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Buffer;STEPS 2023;Solar PV;Wind;Electric vehicles;Other;Pre-Paris Baseline 2015;Historical 2015;35.05;35.05;0.00;0.00;0.00;0.00;35.06;35.05 2016;35.13;35.13;0.05;0.03;0.00;0.28;35.49;35.13 2017;35.68;35.68;0.09;0.06;0.00;0.15;35.99;35.68 2018;36.63;36.63;0.14;0.09;0.01;-0.38;36.48;36.63 2019;36.59;36.59;0.21;0.14;0.01;-0.03;36.93;36.59 2020;34.61;34.61;0.31;0.24;0.02;2.21;37.38;34.61 2021;36.56;36.56;0.41;0.35;0.04;0.52;37.88;36.56 2022;36.92;36.92;0.59;0.49;0.06;0.33;38.38;36.92 2023;37.32;37.32;0.72;0.54;0.10;0.21;38.89; 2024;37.28;37.28;0.98;0.71;0.15;0.31;39.42; 2025;37.11;37.11;1.27;0.89;0.21;0.47;39.96; 2026;36.76;36.76;1.60;1.10;0.29;0.75;40.49; 2027;36.43;36.43;1.95;1.33;0.37;0.93;41.03; 2028;36.07;36.07;2.31;1.57;0.47;1.18;41.59; 2029;35.71;35.71;2.66;1.82;0.58;1.41;42.18; 2030;35.32;35.32;3.03;2.07;0.70;1.67;42.79;" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="0" data-chart-tooltip="0" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="area" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"series\": [{ \"className\": \"highcharts-nofill\", \"showInLegend\": false, \"enableMouseTracking\":false, \"label\":{\"enabled\":false }}, {\"type\": \"line\", \"stacking\": false,\"zIndex\": 999},{},{},{},{},{\"type\": \"line\",\"stacking\": false, \"zIndex\": 999},{\"type\": \"line\", \"zIndex\": 999, \"stacking\": false, \"colorIndex\": 9}], \"yAxis\": { \"floor\": 30, \"tickInterval\": 5} }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="Gt CO2" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="labels" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Global energy sector CO2 emissions in the Pre-Paris Baseline and Stated Policies Scenarios, 2015-2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/global-energy-sector-co2-emissions-in-the-pre-paris-baseline-and-stated-policies-scenarios-2015-2030" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Global energy sector CO2 emissions in the Pre-Paris Baseline and Stated Policies Scenarios, 2015-2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <ul><li>Nearly 90% of countries have updated their first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. If countries deliver in line with their revised NDCs, emissions in 2030 will be around 5 Gt lower than under the first round of NDCs. But more needs to be done to be on course by 2030 to deliver announced longer-term net zero pledges or our NZE Scenario. Both advanced economies and emerging market and developing economies need to strengthen ambition. 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Progress in the clean energy transition – Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach – Analysis - IEA