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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Lowden</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Orren_Lowden" title="Frank Orren Lowden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frank Orren Lowden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lowden" title="Frank Lowden – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frank Lowden" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9F" title="פרנק לואדן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנק לואדן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Lowden" title="Franciscus Lowden – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Lowden" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فرانك اورين لودين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانك اورين لودين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Orren_Lowden" title="Frank Orren Lowden – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" 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style="display:none">American politician (1861–1943)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Frank Orren Lowden</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Orren_Lowden_(Illinois_Blue_Book_Portrait_1917-1918).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Frank_Orren_Lowden_%28Illinois_Blue_Book_Portrait_1917-1918%29.png/220px-Frank_Orren_Lowden_%28Illinois_Blue_Book_Portrait_1917-1918%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Frank_Orren_Lowden_%28Illinois_Blue_Book_Portrait_1917-1918%29.png/330px-Frank_Orren_Lowden_%28Illinois_Blue_Book_Portrait_1917-1918%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Frank_Orren_Lowden_%28Illinois_Blue_Book_Portrait_1917-1918%29.png/440px-Frank_Orren_Lowden_%28Illinois_Blue_Book_Portrait_1917-1918%29.png 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Lowden, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1917</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">25th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 8, 1917 – January 10, 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_G._Oglesby" title="John G. Oglesby">John G. Oglesby</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fitzsimmons_Dunne" title="Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne">Edward Dunne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Len_Small" title="Len Small">Len Small</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Illinois13 !"><a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 13th congressional district">13th</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 6, 1906 – March 3, 1911</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Hitt" title="Robert R. Hitt">Robert R. Hitt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_C._McKenzie" title="John C. McKenzie">John C. McKenzie</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Frank Orren Lowden</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1861-01-26</span>)</span>January 26, 1861<br /><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Township,_Chisago_County,_Minnesota" title="Sunrise Township, Chisago County, Minnesota">Sunrise, Minnesota</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 20, 1943<span style="display:none">(1943-03-20)</span> (aged 82)<br /><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Graceland_Cemetery" title="Graceland Cemetery">Graceland Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Florence Pullman (1896–1937)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_(1861%E2%80%931943).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Frank O. Lowden's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Signature_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29.png/128px-Signature_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Signature_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29.png/192px-Signature_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Signature_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29.png/256px-Signature_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="84" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><sup id="cite_ref-UChiLib_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UChiLib-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frank Orren Lowden</b> (January 26, 1861 – March 20, 1943) was an American <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> politician who served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Illinois" title="List of governors of Illinois">25th Governor of Illinois</a> and as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>. He was also a candidate for the Republican presidential nominations in <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a> and <a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a>. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Township,_Chisago_County,_Minnesota" title="Sunrise Township, Chisago County, Minnesota">Sunrise Township, Minnesota</a>, Lowden practiced law in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> after graduating from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a>. He emerged as a local Republican leader and served in the House of Representatives from 1906 to 1911. He served as Governor of Illinois from 1917 to 1921, earning wide notice for his reorganization of state government and his handling of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_race_riot_of_1919" title="Chicago race riot of 1919">Chicago race riot of 1919</a>. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">1920 Republican National Convention</a>, Lowden was the preferred candidate of many of the party's conservatives. His supporters coalesced behind <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> as a compromise candidate, and Harding won both the nomination and the 1920 presidential election. Lowden was nominated for vice president at the <a href="/wiki/1924_Republican_National_Convention" title="1924 Republican National Convention">1924 Republican National Convention</a>, but he declined the nomination. Lowden was a candidate for president at the <a href="/wiki/1928_Republican_National_Convention" title="1928 Republican National Convention">1928 Republican National Convention</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> won the nomination on the first ballot. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O._Lowden&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lowden was born in <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Township,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunrise Township, Minnesota">Sunrise Township, Minnesota</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the son of Nancy Elizabeth (Breg) and Lorenzo Orren Lowden, a blacksmith. He lived in <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> from the age of seven, on the farm in <a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Iowa" title="Hardin County, Iowa">Hardin County, Iowa</a>, in poverty. He attended school when chores on the family farm allowed. At age fifteen he began to teach in a <a href="/wiki/One_room_school_house" class="mw-redirect" title="One room school house">one room school house</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hubbard,_Iowa" title="Hubbard, Iowa">Hubbard, Iowa</a>. After teaching five years, he entered the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a> at twenty, graduating in 1885. He aspired to be a lawyer, but taught <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> for a year while learning <a href="/wiki/Stenography" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenography">stenography</a>. That skill got him a job in 1886 at the Dexter law firm in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, and he took evening courses at the <a href="/wiki/Union_College_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Union College of Law">Union College of Law</a>, completing the two year curriculum in one year, finishing as <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> in 1887. He was <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admitted to the bar</a> the same year and practiced law in Chicago for about 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1922_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1922-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife, Florence, was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/George_Pullman" title="George Pullman">George Pullman</a> and namesake of the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Florence" title="Hotel Florence">Hotel Florence</a>. In 1899, he was professor of law at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evanston,_Illinois" title="Evanston, Illinois">Evanston, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UChiLib_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UChiLib-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eb1922_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1922-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O._Lowden&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TIMEMagazine15Oct1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/TIMEMagazine15Oct1923.jpg/220px-TIMEMagazine15Oct1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/TIMEMagazine15Oct1923.jpg/330px-TIMEMagazine15Oct1923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/TIMEMagazine15Oct1923.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> cover, October 15, 1923</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Orren_Lowden2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Frank_Orren_Lowden2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Lowden's official portrait as Governor of Illinois</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entry">Entry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O._Lowden&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Entry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1900, Lowden declined the first assistant postmaster-generalship, offered him by President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a>, whom he had supported. He was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a> in 1900 and 1904, and from 1904 to 1912 was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a>. He was also a member of the executive committee in 1904 and 1908. </p><p>Lowden was elected a <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> in 1906 to fill the unexpired term of <a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Hitt" title="Robert R. Hitt">Robert R. Hitt</a>, deceased. He was re-elected for succeeding terms until 1911, when he declined to run for another term.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1922_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1922-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governor_of_Illinois_(1917–1921)"><span id="Governor_of_Illinois_.281917.E2.80.931921.29"></span>Governor of Illinois (1917–1921)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O._Lowden&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Governor of Illinois (1917–1921)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1917 to 1921, he was the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a>. While governor, he won wide notice for the major reorganization of state government he spearheaded. He introduced the budget system for state expenditure, thereby reducing the rate of taxation in spite of rising prices.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1922_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1922-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a strong supporter of the death penalty, and when in 1918 both houses of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a> voted to abolish capital punishment, he vetoed the bill. He was energetic in marshalling the resources of his state in support of the United States' <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> effort. </p><p>In 1917, when the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Chicago" title="Mayor of Chicago">mayor of Chicago</a> refused to interfere with a meeting of the People's Council, an organization accused of pro-Germanism, he ordered out the state troops to prevent the meeting. He favoured <a href="/wiki/Woman_suffrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman suffrage">woman suffrage</a> and the enforcement of the <a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a> for war-time prohibition. He was opposed to the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> without reservations, on the ground that it would create a super-state.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1922_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1922-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He gained nationwide stature for his handling of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Race_Riot_of_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Race Riot of 1919">Chicago Race Riot of 1919</a> and a simultaneous transit strike in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920_presidential_election_and_aftermath">1920 presidential election and aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O._Lowden&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1920 presidential election and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was a leading candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Republican Party presidential primaries">nomination</a> for president <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">in 1920</a>. His campaign was embarrassed by reports of profligate spending. His Missouri <a href="/wiki/Campaign_manager" title="Campaign manager">campaign manager</a> gave out $32,000 to promote his campaign, including $2,500 (a laborer's annual wage) to at least two convention delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Delegates at the Republican convention deadlocked over several ballots between Lowden and General <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a>, resulting in party leaders meeting privately to determine a compromise candidate. Their choice, <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>, went on to win the nomination. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">the 1924 election</a>, he declined the Republican nomination for vice president. In <a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a>, he again positioned himself to run for the <a href="/wiki/1928_Republican_National_Convention" title="1928 Republican National Convention">party's nomination</a>, but he was never much more than a minor threat to front runner <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a>, who went on to win the presidential nomination and the election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Railroad_career">Railroad career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O._Lowden&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Railroad career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_(1861%E2%80%931943)_at_Graceland_Cemetery,_Chicago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Grave_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29_at_Graceland_Cemetery%2C_Chicago.jpg/150px-Grave_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29_at_Graceland_Cemetery%2C_Chicago.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Grave_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29_at_Graceland_Cemetery%2C_Chicago.jpg/225px-Grave_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29_at_Graceland_Cemetery%2C_Chicago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Grave_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29_at_Graceland_Cemetery%2C_Chicago.jpg/300px-Grave_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29_at_Graceland_Cemetery%2C_Chicago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Lowden's grave at Graceland Cemetery</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1933, Lowden was appointed to be one of three receivers for the <a href="/wiki/Bankrupt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankrupt">bankrupt</a> <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Rock_Island_and_Pacific_Railroad" title="Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad">Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad</a>. He served in this capacity with co-receivers Joseph B. Fleming and James E. Gorman (the latter had been president of the railroad since 1917) until his death in 1943 in <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>. His remains are buried in <a href="/wiki/Graceland_Cemetery" title="Graceland Cemetery">Graceland Cemetery</a>, Chicago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O._Lowden&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are named after Lowden: Camp Lowden Boy Scout Camp, <a href="/wiki/Lowden_State_Park" title="Lowden State Park">Lowden State Park</a> and Lowden-Miller State Forest, all near his estate outside <a href="/wiki/Oregon,_Illinois" title="Oregon, Illinois">Oregon, Illinois</a>; the Frank O. Lowden Homes in Chicago; and two Lowden Halls, located on the campus of the Northwestern University School of Law in Chicago and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University" title="Northern Illinois University">Northern Illinois University</a> in <a href="/wiki/DeKalb,_Illinois" title="DeKalb, Illinois">DeKalb</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O._Lowden&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UChiLib-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UChiLib_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UChiLib_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.LOWDENF">"Guide to the Frank O. Lowden Papers circa 1870-1943"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Library" title="University of Chicago Library">University of Chicago Library</a>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Frank+O.+Lowden+Papers+circa+1870-1943&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Library&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.uchicago.edu%2Fe%2Fscrc%2Ffindingaids%2Fview.php%3Feadid%3DICU.SPCL.LOWDENF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+O.+Lowden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFullilove-Nugent1994" class="citation news cs1">Fullilove-Nugent, Margaret (April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402013253/http://www.lib.niu.edu/1994/ihy940460.html">"Lowden of Sinnissippi"</a>. <i>Illinois History</i>. <a href="/wiki/DeKalb,_Illinois" title="DeKalb, Illinois">DeKalb, Illinois</a>: Illinois Periodicals Online - <a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University_Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Illinois University Libraries">Northern Illinois University Libraries</a>. pp. 60–61. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.niu.edu/1994/ihy940460.html">the original</a> on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+History&rft.atitle=Lowden+of+Sinnissippi&rft.pages=60-61&rft.date=1994-04&rft.aulast=Fullilove-Nugent&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.niu.edu%2F1994%2Fihy940460.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+O.+Lowden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/03/22/105744476.pdf">"Frank O. Lowden and Miss Florence Pullman"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. March 21, 1896<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Frank+O.+Lowden+and+Miss+Florence+Pullman&rft.date=1896-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1896%2F03%2F22%2F105744476.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+O.+Lowden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunrisetownship.com/historymuseums.htm">History/Museums</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080401012200/http://www.sunrisetownship.com/historymuseums.htm">Archived</a> April 1, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at sunrisetownship.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb1922-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eb1922_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1922_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1922_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1922_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1922_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1922" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lowden, Frank Orren"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lowden,_Frank_Orren">"Lowden, Frank Orren" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lowden%2C+Frank+Orren&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=The+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Company&rft.date=1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+O.+Lowden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrist,_Gary2012" class="citation book cs1">Krist, Gary (2012). <i>City of Scoundrels: The Twelve Days of Disaster That Gave Birth to Modern Chicago</i>. New York: Crown. pp. 220–221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978--0-307-45429-4" title="Special:BookSources/978--0-307-45429-4"><bdi>978--0-307-45429-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2012032098">2012032098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+of+Scoundrels%3A+The+Twelve+Days+of+Disaster+That+Gave+Birth+to+Modern+Chicago&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=220-221&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2012032098&rft.isbn=978--0-307-45429-4&rft.au=Krist%2C+Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+O.+Lowden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlaes2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amity_Shlaes" title="Amity Shlaes">Shlaes, Amity</a> (2013). <i>Coolidge</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-196755-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-196755-9"><bdi>978-0-06-196755-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2012032098">2012032098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coolidge&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2012032098&rft.isbn=978-0-06-196755-9&rft.aulast=Shlaes&rft.aufirst=Amity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+O.+Lowden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O._Lowden&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_T._Hutchinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William T. Hutchinson (page does not exist)">Hutchinson, William T.</a> (1957). <i>Lowden of Illinois: The Life of Frank O. Lowden</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/57006274">57006274</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lowden+of+Illinois%3A+The+Life+of+Frank+O.+Lowden&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F57006274&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=William+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+O.+Lowden" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O._Lowden&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frank_Orren_Lowden" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frank Orren Lowden">Frank Orren Lowden</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressL000472" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000472">"Frank O. Lowden (id: L000472)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Frank+O.+Lowden+%28id%3A+L000472%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DL000472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+O.+Lowden" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Lowden%2C%20Frank%20Orren%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lowden%2C%20Frank%20O%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lowden%2C%20F%2E%20O%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Frank%20Orren%20Lowden%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Frank%20O%2E%20Lowden%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22F%2E%20O%2E%20Lowden%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lowden%2C%20Frank%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Frank%20Lowden%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Frank%20Orren%20Lowden%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Frank%20O%2E%20Lowden%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22F%2E%20O%2E%20Lowden%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22F%2E%20Orren%20Lowden%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lowden%2C%20Frank%20Orren%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lowden%2C%20Frank%20O%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lowden%2C%20F%2E%20O%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lowden%2C%20F%2E%20Orren%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Frank%20Lowden%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lowden%2C%20Frank%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Frank%20Orren%20Lowden%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Frank%20O%2E%20Lowden%22%20OR%20title%3A%22F%2E%20O%2E%20Lowden%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Frank%20Lowden%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Frank%20Orren%20Lowden%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Frank%20O%2E%20Lowden%22%20OR%20description%3A%22F%2E%20O%2E%20Lowden%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lowden%2C%20Frank%20Orren%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lowden%2C%20Frank%20O%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Frank%20Lowden%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lowden%2C%20Frank%22%29%20OR%20%28%221861-1943%22%20AND%20Lowden%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Frank O. Lowden</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Hitt" title="Robert R. Hitt">Robert R. Hitt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Illinois">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 13th congressional district">Illinois's 13th congressional district</a> </b><br />1906–1911 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_C._McKenzie" title="John C. McKenzie">John C. McKenzie</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Deneen" title="Charles S. Deneen">Charles S. Deneen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1916_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1916 Illinois gubernatorial election">1916</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Len_Small" title="Len Small">Len Small</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Republican_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets">nominee</a> for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Withdrew</span> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fitzsimmons_Dunne" title="Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne">Edward Dunne</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a> </b><br />1917–1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Len_Small" title="Len Small">Len Small</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_covers_of_Time_magazine_(1920s)" title="List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)">Cover of <i>Time</i></a> </b><br />15 October 1923 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">John W. Weeks</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reynolds_(Illinois_politician)" title="John Reynolds (Illinois politician)">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_D._Ewing" title="William Lee D. Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Duncan_(politician)" title="Joseph Duncan (politician)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlin" title="Thomas Carlin">Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ford_(politician)" title="Thomas Ford (politician)">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_C._French" title="Augustus C. French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Aldrich_Matteson" title="Joel Aldrich Matteson">Matteson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bissell" title="William Henry Bissell">Bissell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(governor)" title="John Wood (governor)">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Yates_(politician,_born_1815)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Yates (politician, born 1815)">Yates Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Oglesby" title="Richard J. Oglesby">Oglesby (1st time)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Palmer_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John M. Palmer (politician)">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Oglesby" title="Richard J. Oglesby">Oglesby (2nd time)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lourie_Beveridge" title="John Lourie Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom" title="Shelby M. Cullom">Cullom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Hamilton" title="John Marshall Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Oglesby" title="Richard J. Oglesby">Oglesby (3rd time)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Fifer" title="Joseph W. Fifer">Fifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Altgeld" title="John Peter Altgeld">Altgeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Riley_Tanner" title="John Riley Tanner">Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Yates_Jr." title="Richard Yates Jr.">Yates Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Deneen" title="Charles S. Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fitzsimmons_Dunne" title="Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne">Dunne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Orren_Lowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Orren Lowden">Lowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Small" title="Len Small">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lincoln_Emmerson" title="Louis Lincoln Emmerson">Emmerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Horner" title="Henry Horner">Horner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Stelle" title="John Henry Stelle">Stelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_H._Green" title="Dwight H. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stratton" title="William Stratton">Stratton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Kerner_Jr." title="Otto Kerner Jr.">Kerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Shapiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel H. Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Ogilvie" title="Richard B. Ogilvie">Ogilvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Walker_(politician)" title="Dan Walker (politician)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Edgar" title="Jim Edgar">Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ryan" title="George Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Blagojevich" title="Rod Blagojevich">Blagojevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Quinn_(politician)" title="Pat Quinn (politician)">Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Rauner" title="Bruce Rauner">Rauner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Pritzker" title="J. B. Pritzker">Pritzker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1916)_1920_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1924)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1920 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1920 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1920 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1916)_1920_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1924)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">← 1916</a>) <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">→ 1924</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Orren_Lowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Orren Lowden">Frank Orren Lowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Sproul" title="William Cameron Sproul">William Cameron Sproul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeter_C._Pritchard" title="Jeter C. Pritchard">Jeter C. Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Poindexter" title="Miles Poindexter">Miles Poindexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Sutherland" title="Howard Sutherland">Howard Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">James M. Cox</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">William Gibbs McAdoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Mitchell_Palmer" title="A. Mitchell Palmer">A. Mitchell Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_I._Edwards" title="Edward I. Edwards">Edward I. Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (incumbent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Owen" title="Robert L. Owen">Robert L. Owen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third_party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Stedman" title="Seymour Stedman">Seymour Stedman</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #66FF99;"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Parley_P._Christensen" title="Parley P. Christensen">Parley P. Christensen</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Max_S._Hayes" title="Max S. Hayes">Max S. Hayes</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_S._Watkins" title="Aaron S. Watkins">Aaron S. Watkins</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/D._Leigh_Colvin" title="D. Leigh Colvin">D. Leigh Colvin</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(Texas)" title="American Party (Texas)">American Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_E._Ferguson" title="James E. Ferguson">James E. Ferguson</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_J._Hough_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William J. Hough (politician) (page does not exist)">William J. Hough</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/William_Wesley_Cox" title="William Wesley Cox">William Wesley Cox</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/August_Gillhaus" title="August Gillhaus">August Gillhaus</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #4C915F;"><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Single Tax</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Colvin_Macauley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Colvin Macauley (page does not exist)">Robert Colvin Macauley</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_C._Barnum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard C. Barnum (page does not exist)">Richard C. Barnum</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1920 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1920 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1920 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1924)_1928_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1932)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1928 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1928 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1928 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1924)_1928_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1932)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">← 1924</a>) <a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">→ 1932</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1928_Republican_National_Convention" title="1928 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_D._Goff" title="Guy D. Goff">Guy D. Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Orren_Lowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Orren Lowden">Frank O. Lowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Norris" title="George W. Norris">George W. Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Willis" title="Frank B. Willis">Frank B. Willis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith_1928_presidential_campaign" title="Al Smith 1928 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Joseph T. Robinson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlee_Pomerene" title="Atlee Pomerene">Atlee Pomerene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Reed_(politician)" title="James A. Reed (politician)">James A. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_Woollen" title="Evans Woollen">Evans Woollen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third_party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">William Z. Foster</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gitlow" title="Benjamin Gitlow">Benjamin Gitlow</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/William_F._Varney" title="William F. Varney">William F. Varney</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_H._Maurer" title="James H. Maurer">James H. Maurer</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Frank_T._Johns" title="Frank T. Johns">Frank T. Johns</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Verne_L._Reynolds" title="Verne L. Reynolds">Verne L. Reynolds</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/William_Dudley_Pelley" title="William Dudley Pelley">William Dudley Pelley</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1928 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1928 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1928 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Illinois&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_59th–61st_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Illinois&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_59th–61st_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>'s delegation(s) to the 59th–61st <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/59th_United_States_Congress" title="59th United States Congress">59th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Moore_Cullom" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelby Moore Cullom">S. Cullom</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Hopkins" title="Albert J. Hopkins">A. Hopkins</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">J. Cannon</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Hitt" title="Robert R. Hitt"><i>R. Hitt</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Smith_(congressman)" title="George Washington Smith (congressman)">G. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Marsh" title="Benjamin F. Marsh">B. Marsh</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Foss" class="mw-redirect" title="George Edmund Foss">G. Foss</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_V._Graff" title="Joseph V. Graff">J. Graff</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_W._Prince" title="George W. Prince">G. Prince</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_Robert_Mann_(Illinois_politician)" title="James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)">J. Mann</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sherman_Boutell" title="Henry Sherman Boutell">H. Boutell</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Lorimer_(politician)" title="William Lorimer (politician)">W. Lorimer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rodenberg" title="William A. Rodenberg">W. Rodenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eugene_Fuller" title="Charles Eugene Fuller">C. Fuller</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Philip_Knopf" title="Philip Knopf">P. Knopf</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">H. Rainey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Sterling" class="mw-redirect" title="John Allen Sterling">J. Sterling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Howard_M._Snapp" title="Howard M. Snapp">H. Snapp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Warfield_Wilson" title="William Warfield Wilson">W. Wilson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_T._Chapman" title="Pleasant T. Chapman">P. Chapman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Frank_S._Dickson" title="Frank S. Dickson">F. Dickson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Martin_B._Madden" title="Martin B. Madden">M. Madden</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_McGavin" title="Charles McGavin">C. McGavin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_B._McKinley" title="William B. McKinley">W. McKinley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Michalek" title="Anthony Michalek">A. Michalek</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Zeno_J._Rives" title="Zeno J. Rives">Z. Rives</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Wharton" title="Charles S. Wharton">C. Wharton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_McKinney" title="James McKinney">J. McKinney</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Frank_Orren_Lowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Orren Lowden"><i>F. Lowden</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/60th_United_States_Congress" title="60th United States Congress">60th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Moore_Cullom" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelby Moore Cullom">S. Cullom</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Hopkins" title="Albert J. Hopkins">A. Hopkins</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">J. Cannon</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Smith_(congressman)" title="George Washington Smith (congressman)">G. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Foss" class="mw-redirect" title="George Edmund Foss">G. Foss</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_V._Graff" title="Joseph V. Graff">J. Graff</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_W._Prince" title="George W. Prince">G. Prince</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_Robert_Mann_(Illinois_politician)" title="James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)">J. Mann</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sherman_Boutell" title="Henry Sherman Boutell">H. Boutell</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Lorimer_(politician)" title="William Lorimer (politician)">W. Lorimer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ben_F._Caldwell" title="Ben F. Caldwell">B. Caldwell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rodenberg" title="William A. Rodenberg">W. Rodenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eugene_Fuller" title="Charles Eugene Fuller">C. Fuller</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Philip_Knopf" title="Philip Knopf">P. Knopf</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">H. Rainey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Sterling" class="mw-redirect" title="John Allen Sterling">J. Sterling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Howard_M._Snapp" title="Howard M. Snapp">H. Snapp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Warfield_Wilson" title="William Warfield Wilson">W. Wilson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_T._Chapman" title="Pleasant T. Chapman">P. Chapman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Martin_B._Madden" title="Martin B. Madden">M. Madden</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_McGavin" title="Charles McGavin">C. McGavin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_B._McKinley" title="William B. McKinley">W. McKinley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_McKinney" title="James McKinney">J. McKinney</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Frank_Orren_Lowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Orren Lowden">F. Lowden</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Martin_D._Foster" title="Martin D. Foster">M. Foster</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_T._McDermott_(politician)" title="James T. McDermott (politician)">J. McDermott</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Adolph_J._Sabath" title="Adolph J. Sabath">A. Sabath</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_B._Thistlewood" title="Napoleon B. Thistlewood">N. Thistlewood</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/61st_United_States_Congress" title="61st United States Congress">61st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Moore_Cullom" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelby Moore Cullom">S. Cullom</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Lorimer_(politician)" title="William Lorimer (politician)">W. Lorimer</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">J. Cannon</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Foss" class="mw-redirect" title="George Edmund Foss">G. Foss</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_V._Graff" title="Joseph V. Graff">J. Graff</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_W._Prince" title="George W. Prince">G. Prince</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_Robert_Mann_(Illinois_politician)" title="James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)">J. Mann</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sherman_Boutell" title="Henry Sherman Boutell">H. Boutell</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rodenberg" title="William A. Rodenberg">W. Rodenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eugene_Fuller" title="Charles Eugene Fuller">C. Fuller</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">H. Rainey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Sterling" class="mw-redirect" title="John Allen Sterling">J. Sterling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Howard_M._Snapp" title="Howard M. Snapp">H. Snapp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Warfield_Wilson" title="William Warfield Wilson">W. Wilson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_T._Chapman" title="Pleasant T. Chapman">P. Chapman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Martin_B._Madden" title="Martin B. Madden">M. Madden</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_B._McKinley" title="William B. McKinley">W. McKinley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_McKinney" title="James McKinney">J. McKinney</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Frank_Orren_Lowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Orren Lowden">F. Lowden</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Martin_D._Foster" title="Martin D. Foster">M. Foster</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_T._McDermott_(politician)" title="James T. McDermott (politician)">J. McDermott</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Adolph_J._Sabath" title="Adolph J. Sabath">A. Sabath</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_B._Thistlewood" title="Napoleon B. Thistlewood">N. Thistlewood</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gallagher_(Illinois_politician)" title="Thomas Gallagher (Illinois politician)">T. Gallagher</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_McMahon_Graham" class="mw-redirect" title="James McMahon Graham">J. Graham</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lundin" title="Frederick Lundin">F. Lundin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Moxley" title="William Moxley">W. Moxley</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584973#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584973#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584973#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000024942861">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/43278781">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/164563/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJf4cvMPtCMQGmhb4KWdQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/126860289">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85173288">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17747786b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17747786b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810570827805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007359601305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000472">US Congress</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/126860289">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/168627825">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k64gcd">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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