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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_history_and_national_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cultural history and national identity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_history_and_national_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship_and_naturalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship_and_naturalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Citizenship and naturalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship_and_naturalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Swiss people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="سويسريون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سويسريون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suisses_(poplo)" title="Suisses (poplo) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Suisses (poplo)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%DB%8C" title="سوئیس خالقی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوئیس خالقی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Швейцарцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Швейцарцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Швейцарци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Швейцарци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vicarci" title="Švicarci – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Švicarci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0v%C3%BDca%C5%99i" title="Švýcaři – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Švýcaři" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweizer" title="Schweizer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schweizer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suitzar" title="Suitzar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Suitzar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="مردم سوئیسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم سوئیسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suisses" title="Suisses – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Suisses" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_su%C3%ADzo" title="Pobo suízo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo suízo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%B8" title="스위스인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스위스인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%81%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Շվեյցարացիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շվեյցարացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vicarci" title="Švicarci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Švicarci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Swiss" title="Orang Swiss – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Swiss" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svizzeri" title="Svizzeri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Svizzeri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="შვეიცარიელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შვეიცარიელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Швейцариялықтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Швейцариялықтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0veicie%C5%A1i" title="Šveicieši – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šveicieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0veicarai" title="Šveicarai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šveicarai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwitsers" title="Zwitsers – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zwitsers" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C3%A1jciak" title="Svájciak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Svájciak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="შვეიცარიალეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შვეიცარიალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwitsers" title="Zwitsers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwitsers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveitsere" title="Sveitsere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sveitsere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shveysariyaliklar" title="Shveysariyaliklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shveysariyaliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szwajcarzy" title="Szwajcarzy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szwajcarzy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%AD%C3%A7os" title="Suíços – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Suíços" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Швейцарцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Швейцарцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zviceran%C3%ABt" title="Zviceranët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zviceranët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vicarji" title="Švicarji – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Švicarji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Швајцарци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Швајцарци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveitsil%C3%A4iset" title="Sveitsiläiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sveitsiläiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suwiso_(tao)" title="Suwiso (tao) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Suwiso (tao)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="ชาวสวิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวสวิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%AB%E1%8F%8D" title="ᎠᏂᏍᏫᏍ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏍᏫᏍ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0svi%C3%A7reliler" title="İsviçreliler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsviçreliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96" title="Швейцарці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Швейцарці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Th%E1%BB%A5y_S%C4%A9" title="Người Thụy Sĩ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Thụy Sĩ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="瑞士人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瑞士人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Citizens of Switzerland, people of Swiss ancestry</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to Swiss abroad in infobox) need to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: Source Auslandschweizerstatistik is from 2016, besides there seems to be some vandalism in the infobox since several figures don't match.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Swiss people<br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schweizer</i></span> / <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Suisses</i></span> / <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Svizzeri</i></span> / <span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">Svizzers</i></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/170px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/255px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/340px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Flag of Switzerland</a>, a federal symbol used to represent all Swiss citizens</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2008_Teil_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2008_Teil_1.JPG/280px-Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2008_Teil_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2008_Teil_1.JPG/420px-Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2008_Teil_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2008_Teil_1.JPG/560px-Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2008_Teil_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5392" data-file-height="3815" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Official photo of the Federal Council (2008), idealized depiction of a multi-ethnic Swiss society.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Swiss_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Map_of_the_Swiss_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/280px-Map_of_the_Swiss_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Map_of_the_Swiss_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/420px-Map_of_the_Swiss_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Map_of_the_Swiss_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/560px-Map_of_the_Swiss_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a></span> <p><br /> </p> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <b>11–12 million</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></b> <b>8.9 million</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_abroad" title="Swiss abroad">Swiss abroad</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>0.8 million</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Bundesamt_für_Statistik_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bundesamt_für_Statistik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_abroad#Ancestry" title="Swiss abroad">Swiss ancestry</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <b>1.5 million</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">209,287</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">99,582</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">83,667</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">51,964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Canada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">41,463</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">40,183</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Australia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">35,629</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Spain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">26,499</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Israel"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">23,670</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Austria"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">18,350</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Argentina"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">15,120</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">13,777</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Brazil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">13,611</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">10,414</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Netherlands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">10,195</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Belgium"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">8,651</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="South Africa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">7,743</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="New Zealand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">7,345</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Portugal"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">6,916</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Sweden"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">6,601</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Chile"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">5,730</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Turkey"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">5,405</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Mexico"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">5,289</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Liechtenstein"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">4,878</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Denmark"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">3,720</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="United Arab Emirates"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">3,452</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Serbia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">3,446</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Greece"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">3,048</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Norway"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,956</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Peru"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,884</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,564</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Colombia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,348</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Hungary"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,229</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="South Korea"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,572<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,306<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">Swiss Standard German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolze" title="Bolze">Bolze</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">Swiss French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frainc-Comtou" title="Frainc-Comtou">Frainc-Comtou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Swiss Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Swiss-German_Sign_Language" title="Swiss-German Sign Language">Swiss-German Sign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Sign_Language" title="Italian Sign Language">Swiss-Italian Sign</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language" title="French Sign Language">Swiss-French Sign</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Switzerland" title="Catholic Church in Switzerland">Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Swiss Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Irreligion</a><sup id="cite_ref-BfSreligion2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BfSreligion2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Romansh_people" title="Romansh people">Romansh people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiners" title="Liechtensteiners">Liechtensteiners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Swiss people</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">die Schweizer</i>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">les Suisses</i>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">gli Svizzeri</i>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">ils Svizzers</i>) are the citizens of the multi-ethnic <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss Confederation</a> (Switzerland) regardless of ethno-cultural background<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or people of self-identified <a href="/wiki/Swiss_abroad" title="Swiss abroad">Swiss ancestry</a>. </p><p>The number of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Swiss nationals</a> has grown from 1.7 million in 1815 to 8.7 million in 2020. More than 1.5 million Swiss citizens hold <a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">multiple citizenship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 11% of citizens <a href="/wiki/Swiss_abroad" title="Swiss abroad">live abroad</a> (0.8 million, of whom 0.6 million hold multiple citizenship). About 60% of those living abroad reside in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (0.46 million). The largest groups of Swiss descendants and nationals outside Europe are found in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Brazilians" title="Swiss Brazilians">Brazil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Canadians" title="Swiss Canadians">Canada</a>. </p><p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">modern state of Switzerland</a> originated in 1848, the period of <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">romantic nationalism</a>, Switzerland is not a <a href="/wiki/Nation-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation-state">nation-state</a> and the Swiss are not a single <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a>. Rather, Switzerland is a <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederacy</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Eidgenossenschaft" title="Eidgenossenschaft">Eidgenossenschaft</a></i></span></i>) or <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Willensnation" class="mw-redirect" title="Willensnation">Willensnation</a></i></span></i> ("nation of will", "nation by choice", that is, a <a href="/wiki/Consociational_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Consociational state">consociational state</a>), a term coined in conscious contrast to "<a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a>" in the conventional linguistic or ethnic sense. </p><p>The demonym <i>Swiss</i> (formerly in English also called <i>Switzer</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Switzerland" title="Name of Switzerland">name of Switzerland</a> ultimately derive from the toponym <i><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></i>. Both have been widely used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> since the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Ethno-linguistic_composition"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethno-linguistic_composition">Ethno-linguistic composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ethno-linguistic composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_geography_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic geography of Switzerland">Linguistic geography of Switzerland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CH-NB_-_Luzern,_Entlebuch_Trachten_Entlebuch_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-LORY-E-28.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_Entlebuch_Trachten_Entlebuch_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-LORY-E-28.tif/lossy-page1-170px-CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_Entlebuch_Trachten_Entlebuch_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-LORY-E-28.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_Entlebuch_Trachten_Entlebuch_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-LORY-E-28.tif/lossy-page1-255px-CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_Entlebuch_Trachten_Entlebuch_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-LORY-E-28.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_Entlebuch_Trachten_Entlebuch_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-LORY-E-28.tif/lossy-page1-340px-CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_Entlebuch_Trachten_Entlebuch_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-LORY-E-28.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4148" data-file-height="4755" /></a><figcaption>Man and woman of <a href="/wiki/Entlebuch" title="Entlebuch">Entlebuch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lory" title="Gabriel Lory">Gabriel Lory</a>, early 19th century)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bauerinnen_ausChampery_inHosen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bauerinnen_ausChampery_inHosen.jpg/170px-Bauerinnen_ausChampery_inHosen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bauerinnen_ausChampery_inHosen.jpg/255px-Bauerinnen_ausChampery_inHosen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bauerinnen_ausChampery_inHosen.jpg/340px-Bauerinnen_ausChampery_inHosen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1716" data-file-height="2208" /></a><figcaption>Farmers of <a href="/wiki/Champery" class="mw-redirect" title="Champery">Champery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> (1904 photograph)</figcaption></figure> <p>The ethno-linguistic composition of the territories of modern Switzerland includes the following components: </p> <ul><li>The <b>Swiss Germans</b> (<i>Deutschschweizer</i>) are mostly speakers of different varieties of <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic German</a>. They are historically amalgamated from the <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman">Gallo-Roman</a> population, consisting mostly of <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanized</a> <a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raurici" class="mw-redirect" title="Raurici">Raurici</a>, Roman immigrants and the <a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a>. Closely related German-speaking peoples are the <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsatians</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swabians" title="Swabians">Swabians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlbergians</a>. German speakers (including <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in Switzerland">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austrians_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrians in Switzerland">Austrian immigrants</a>) accounted for 62.3% of the population as of 2020. <ul><li>Speakers of <a href="/wiki/High_Alemannic_German" title="High Alemannic German">High Alemannic</a>, roughly <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCnig-Napf-Reuss_line" title="Brünig-Napf-Reuss line">divided</a> into an Eastern (<a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich German">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Switzerland" title="Eastern Switzerland">Eastern Switzerland</a>) and a Western (<a href="/wiki/Bernese_German" title="Bernese German">Bernese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a>, Western Aargau, <a href="/wiki/Basel-Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Basel-Land">Basel-Land</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fricktal" title="Fricktal">Fricktal</a>) subgroup, with most dialects of <a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a> transitional between the groups.</li> <li>Speakers of <a href="/wiki/Low_Alemannic" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Alemannic">Low Alemannic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a> area.</li> <li>Speakers of <a href="/wiki/Highest_Alemannic" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest Alemannic">Highest Alemannic</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Oberland" title="Bernese Oberland">Bernese Oberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Valais">Upper Valais</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Walser" class="mw-redirect" title="Walser">Walser</a> settlements in <a href="/wiki/Central_Switzerland" title="Central Switzerland">Central Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>The <b>French-speaking Swiss</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Romands" title="Romands">Romands</a></i>), traditionally speaking <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Franco-Provençal</a> dialects (as well as the <a href="/wiki/Franc-Comtois" class="mw-redirect" title="Franc-Comtois">Franc-Comtois</a> dialect of the <a href="/wiki/O%C3%AFl_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oïl languages">Oïl languages</a> in parts of Jura), today largely assimilated to the standard <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">Swiss French</a>), amalgamated from the Gallo-Roman population and <a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a> (the historical <a href="/wiki/Upper_Burgundy" title="Upper Burgundy">Upper Burgundy</a>). Romands are considered a distinct <a href="/wiki/Romance_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance peoples">Romance people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are closely related to the <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> populations of <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a>. They are referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Walha" class="mw-redirect" title="Walha">Welsche</a></i> (singular <i>Welsche</i> f./<i>Welscher</i> m.) in Swiss German. French speakers (including <a href="/wiki/French_diaspora" title="French diaspora">French immigrants</a>) accounted for 22.8% of population as of 2020.</li> <li>The <b>Italian-speaking Swiss</b> (<i>Svizzeri italiani</i>, see also <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Swiss Italian</a>), traditionally speakers of <a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ticinese_dialect" title="Ticinese dialect">Ticinese varieties</a>, as well as the dialects of the <a href="/wiki/Val_Bregaglia" title="Val Bregaglia">Bregaglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poschiavo" title="Poschiavo">Poschiavo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Val_Mesolcina" class="mw-redirect" title="Val Mesolcina">Mesolcina</a> valleys in Grisons) today partly assimilated to the standard <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian language</a>, amalgamated from Raetians and <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombards</a>. They are closely related to the population of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombards</a>. Italian speakers (including <a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Italians in Switzerland">Italian immigrants</a>) accounted for 8% of population as of 2020.</li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Romansh_people" title="Romansh people">Romansh</a></b>, speakers of the <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh language</a>, settling in parts of the <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>, historically of <a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetic</a> stock. Romansh speakers accounted for about 0.5% of population as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The core <a href="/wiki/Eight_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Cantons">Eight Cantons</a> of the Swiss Confederacy were entirely Alemannic-speaking, and German speakers remain the majority. However, from as early as the 15th century, parts of French-speaking <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> and Italian-speaking <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> were acquired as subject territories by Bern and Uri, respectively. The Swiss <i><a href="/wiki/Romandie" class="mw-redirect" title="Romandie">Romandie</a></i> was formed by the accession of French-speaking <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> and the partly francophone <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Jura" title="Bernese Jura">Bernese Jura</a> (formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Basel" title="Prince-Bishopric of Basel">Prince-Bishopric of Basel</a>) to the <a href="/wiki/Restored_Swiss_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Restored Swiss Confederacy">Restored Swiss Confederacy</a> in 1815. Romansh was <a href="/wiki/Questione_Ladina" title="Questione Ladina">formerly considered</a> a group of <a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Italian dialects</a>, but Switzerland declared Romansh a national language in 1938 in reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_under_Fascism_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy under Fascism (1922–1943)">fascist Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">irredentism</a> at the time. </p><p>Switzerland experienced significant immigration from Italy in the very late 19th and early 20th century, such that in 1910 that accounted for some 10% of the Swiss population. This immigration was halted by the Great Depression and WWII. It restarted after the war ended. As elsewhere in Western Europe, <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Immigration to Switzerland">immigration to Switzerland</a> has increased dramatically since the 1960s, so that a large proportion of the resident population of Switzerland are now not descended or only partially descended from the core ethno-linguistic groups listed above. As of 2011, 37% of total resident population of Switzerland had immigrant background.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016, the most widely used foreign languages were English, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese in Switzerland">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Switzerland" title="Albanians in Switzerland">Albanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immigration_from_the_former_Yugoslavia_to_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration from the former Yugoslavia to Switzerland">Serbo-Croatian</a> and Spanish, all named as a "main language" by more than 2% of total population (respondents could name more than one "main language").<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_history_and_national_identity">Cultural history and national identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cultural history and national identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welti_Landsgemeinde3_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Welti_Landsgemeinde3_1912.jpg/380px-Welti_Landsgemeinde3_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="380" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Welti_Landsgemeinde3_1912.jpg/570px-Welti_Landsgemeinde3_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Welti_Landsgemeinde3_1912.jpg/760px-Welti_Landsgemeinde3_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="1796" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Balmer" title="Wilhelm Balmer">Wilhelm Balmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Welti" title="Albert Welti">Albert Welti</a> (1907–1914); an idealized National Romantic depiction of Swiss population and society.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss culture">Swiss culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Swiss folklore</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Alps" title="History of the Alps">History of the Alps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Historiography of Switzerland</a></div> <p>The Swiss populace historically derives from an amalgamation of <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gallic</a> (most significant the <a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetians</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman">Gallo-Roman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alamanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamanni">Alamannic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_people" title="Rhaetian people">Rhaetic</a> stock. Their cultural history is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, and the alpine environment is often cited as an important factor in the formation of the Swiss national character.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the "Swiss illness", the condition of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_mercenaries" title="Swiss mercenaries">Swiss mercenaries</a> pining for their mountainous native home, became prototypical of the medical condition of <i><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia" title="Nostalgia">nostalgia</a></i> ("homesickness") described in the 17th century. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Switzerland" title="Early modern Switzerland">early modern Switzerland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a> was a pact between independent states within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. The populations of the states of <a href="/wiki/Central_Switzerland" title="Central Switzerland">Central Switzerland</a> considered themselves ethnically or even racially separate: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Zeiller" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Zeiller">Martin Zeiller</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Topographia_Germaniae" title="Topographia Germaniae">Topographia Germaniae</a></i> (1642) reports a racial division even within the canton of <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a>, the population of <a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden</a> being identified as "<a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_culture" title="Gallo-Roman culture">Romans</a>", and that of <a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a> as "<a href="/wiki/Cimbri" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a>" (viz. <a href="/wiki/Germanic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic people">Germanic</a>), while the people of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a> were identified as of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Swedish_origin_legend" title="Swiss Swedish origin legend">Swedish ancestry</a>, and the people of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> were identified as "<a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> or <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern Switzerland is atypical in its successful political integration of a multiethnic and multilingual populace, and is often cited as a model for new efforts at creating unification, as in the European Union's frequent invocation of the Swiss Confederate model.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the various populations of Switzerland share language, ethnicity, and religion not with each other but with the major European powers between whom Switzerland during the modern <a href="/wiki/History_of_Europe" title="History of Europe">history of Europe</a> found itself positioned, a policy of domestic plurality in conjunction with international neutrality became a matter of self-preservation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the Swiss elites during the period of the formation of <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation states</a> throughout Europe did not attempt to impose a national language or a nationalism based on ethnicity, instead pushing for the creation of a civic nation grounded in democratic ideology, common political institutions, and shared political ritual. Political allegiance and patriotism was directed towards the <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">cantons</a>, not the federal level, where a spirit of rivalry and competition rather than unity prevailed. <a href="/wiki/C._G._Jung" class="mw-redirect" title="C. G. Jung">C. G. Jung</a> advanced the view that this system of social order was one of a "chronic state of mitigated civil war" which put Switzerland ahead of the world in a civilizatory process of "introverting" warlike aggression.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar view is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Keller" title="Gottfried Keller">Gottfried Keller</a>, who is cited to the effect that the Swiss Confederacy could not exist without the endemic rivalry between cantons.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 19th century onwards, there were conscious attempts to foster a federal "Pan-Swiss" <a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">national identity</a> that would replace or alleviate the cantonal patriotisms. Among the traditions enlisted to this end were federal <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtzenfest" title="Schützenfest">sharpshooting competitions</a>, or <i>tirs</i>. These competitions were one of the few recognized symbols of pan-Swiss identity prior to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Restauration_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restauration (Switzerland)">1815 Confederation</a> and traditionally involved men from all levels of society, including the peasants, who in <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalism</a> had become ideologically synonymous with liberty and nationhood.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_national_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss national holiday">Swiss national holiday</a>, introduced in 1889, was another symbol of national identity at the federal level. The bonfires associated with the national holiday have become so customary since then that they have displaced the <i><a href="/wiki/Funken" class="mw-redirect" title="Funken">Funken</a></i> traditions of greater antiquity. </p><p>Identification with the national symbolism relating to the Old Swiss Confederacy was especially difficult for the cantons which had been joined to the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a> in 1798 without any prior membership in the Swiss Confederacy, and which were given the status of Swiss cantons only after the end of the Napoleonic era. These specifically include <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a> is a special case in a different sense, being a conglomerate of various historical regions created in 1803; in this case, patriotism may attach itself even to sub-cantonal entities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Toggenburg" title="Toggenburg">Toggenburg</a>. Similarly, due to the historical imperialism of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">canton of Bern</a>, there is considerable irredentism within the Bernese lands, most visibly <a href="/wiki/Jura_separatism" title="Jura separatism">in the Bernese Jura</a> but to a lesser extent also in parts of the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Oberland" title="Bernese Oberland">Bernese Oberland</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Haslital" class="mw-redirect" title="Haslital">Hasli</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citizenship_and_naturalization">Citizenship and naturalization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Citizenship and naturalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Swiss nationality law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_passport" title="Swiss passport">Swiss passport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Swiss Federal Constitution</a></div> <p>Swiss citizenship is still primarily citizenship in one of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss cantons">Swiss cantons</a>, and the naturalization of foreign citizens is the privilege of the cantons. No <a href="/wiki/Swiss_passport" title="Swiss passport">Swiss passports</a> were issued prior to 1915, more than 60 years after the establishment of the modern Swiss Confederation. Prior to 1915, citizens held passports issued by their cantons, the Confederation being considered as a federation of the cantons, not a state composed of <a href="/wiki/Natural_person" title="Natural person">natural persons</a> as its citizens. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Constitution">Swiss Constitution</a> of 1848 regulated certain rights that the cantons were required to grant to citizens of other cantons, such as the right of residence (in the case of naturalized citizens after a period of five years).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Constitution">Swiss Constitution</a> of 1874, which remained in force (with revisions) until 1999, defined Swiss citizenship as inherited from cantonal citizenship: <i> Jeder Kantonsbürger ist Schweizer Bürger</i> ("every citizen of a canton is a Swiss citizen").<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the preamble to the current <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Constitution">Swiss Constitution</a> of 1999, a "Swiss People" (<i>Schweizervolk</i>) is invoked alongsides "the Cantons" as sovereign entity, and article 1 reads "The People and the Cantons [...] form the Swiss Confederation." Article 37 still defines Swiss citizenship as inherited from communal and cantonal citizenship: "Any person who is a citizen of a commune and of the Canton to which that commune belongs is a Swiss citizen."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Swiss citizenship is entirely based on <i><a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">jus sanguinis</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Place_of_origin" title="Place of origin">place of origin</a> rather than the <a href="/wiki/Place_of_birth" title="Place of birth">place of birth</a> is recorded in identity documents. As Swiss citizenship is tied to the cantonal citizenship associated with the "place of origin" (<i>Heimatort</i> or <i>Bürgerort</i> "home commune, commune of citizenship"), a citizen's place of origin is inherited from his or her father (from the mother if born out of wedlock or if the father holds no citizenship). The significance of the place of origin outside of the naturalization procedure has been gradually abolished in the early 21st century. Since 2012, the municipality or canton of a citizen's place of origin is no longer responsible for providing <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare">social welfare</a> to that citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2013, a woman no longer acquires the place of origin of her husband upon marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the cantons are responsible for naturalization, federal <a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Swiss nationality law</a> regulates minimal requirements necessary for naturalization. These requirements were significantly reduced in a 2018 revision of the law, allowing naturalization after a minimal period of residence of ten years, and in certain cases as little as five years (naturalization of spouses and children of Swiss citizens; years of residence at ages 8 to 18 count double). A further requirement is that the applicant be "well integrated" and "familiar with life in Switzerland", and must have both oral and written competence in one of the national languages of Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The federal law just specifies minimal requirements for naturalization, and cantons are free to introduce more stringent requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, the cantons delegate the actual procedure of naturalization to the <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">communes</a>. </p><p>With 25% of the population resident aliens, Switzerland has one of the highest ratios of non-naturalized inhabitants in Europe (comparable to <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Demographics of the Netherlands">the Netherlands</a>; roughly twice the ratio of <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Germany" title="Demographics of Germany">Germany</a>). In 2003, 35,424 residents were naturalized, a number exceeding net population growth. Over the 25-year period of 1983 to 2007, 479,264 resident foreigners were naturalized, yearly numbers rising gradually from below 10,000 (0.1%) in the 1980s to above 40,000 (0.6%) in the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compare the figure of 0.2% (140,795) in the United Kingdom (2004).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Europe" title="Genetic history of Europe">Genetic history of Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Y-DNA_haplogroups_in_populations_of_Europe" title="Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe">Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe</a></div> <p>The genetic composition of the Swiss population is similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> in general. On the one hand, Switzerland at the crossroads of several prehistoric migrations; on the other hand, the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> acted as a refuge in some cases. Genetic studies found the following <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup" title="Haplogroup">haplogroups</a> to be prevalent: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroups" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups">Y-DNA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)">R1b</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E3b_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E3b (Y-DNA)">E3b</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup I (Y-DNA)">I1b2</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)">R1a</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J_(Y-DNA)" title="Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)">J</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Haplogroup R1b-U152 also known as R1b-S28 is the frequent haplogroup of Swiss people, followed by R1b-U106/R1b-S21. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroups" class="mw-redirect" title="Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups">mtDNA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_H_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup H (mtDNA)">H</a> 28% (<a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_HV_(mtDNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)">HV</a> 33%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U4+U5</a> (14%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_K_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup K (mtDNA)">K</a> (7%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup J (mtDNA)">J</a> (5%)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Swiss_people" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Swiss people">Swiss people</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCnig-Napf-Reuss_line" title="Brünig-Napf-Reuss line">Brünig-Napf-Reuss line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Demographics of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_people" title="List of Swiss people">List of Swiss people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Switzerland" title="Women in Switzerland">Women in Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_migration_to_France" title="Swiss migration to France">Swiss migration to France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Swiss nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_abroad" title="Swiss abroad">Swiss abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">Swiss Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Mexicans" title="Swiss Mexicans">Swiss Mexicans</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collectively the 9.7 million citizens plus the estimated figure of 1.5 million non-citizens abroad with self-reported Swiss ancestry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term is sometimes extended to include the descendants of Swiss emigrants, see e.g. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Swiss". <i><a href="/wiki/New_Oxford_American_Dictionary" title="New Oxford American Dictionary">New Oxford American Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swiss&rft.btitle=New+Oxford+American+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span> Conversely, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Swiss nationality law</a> employs a restrictive form of <i><a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">jus sanguinis</a></i> policy, i.e. only children or protégés of Swiss citizens are given citizenship upon birth; children born in the country to foreign citizens are subject to <a href="/wiki/Naturalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalisation">naturalisation</a>. There are three levels of <i>alien citizens</i> in Switzerland, which means there are numerous second-generation legal aliens who are technically "natives of Switzerland" without being Swiss citizens.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung.gnpdetail.2024-0234.html">"Bestand und Entwicklung der Bevölkerung der Schweiz im Jahr 2023: Definitive Ergebnisse"</a> [Recent monthly and quarterly figures: provisional data] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (official statistics) (in German, French, and Italian). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO), Swiss Confederation. 31 December 2023. 1155-1500<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bestand+und+Entwicklung+der+Bev%C3%B6lkerung+der+Schweiz+im+Jahr+2023%3A+Definitive+Ergebnisse&rft.place=Neuch%C3%A2tel%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Statistical+Office+%28FSO%29%2C+Swiss+Confederation&rft.date=2023-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fstatistiken%2Fbevoelkerung.gnpdetail.2024-0234.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bundesamt_für_Statistik-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bundesamt_für_Statistik_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/migration-integration/auslandschweizer.assetdetail.31005067.html">"Swiss citizens living abroad by country of residence, 1993-2023 Bundesamt für statistik"</a> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swiss+citizens+living+abroad+by+country+of+residence%2C+1993-2023+Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+statistik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fstatistiken%2Fbevoelkerung%2Fmigration-integration%2Fauslandschweizer.assetdetail.31005067.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span>: total: 813k, single citizenship: 205k. Geographical distribution: Europe: 520k (France: 209k, Germany: 99k, Italy 52k); Americas: 185k (USA 83k, Canada 41k); Oceania 81k; Asia: 56k; Africa: 18k.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">Swiss Americans</a>: 917k ±20k (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table">Results – Community Survey 2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212212204/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table">Archived</a> 2020-02-12 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, includes 80k Swiss citizens with residence in the US) <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Canadian">Swiss Canadian</a>: 147k (26k "single ethnic", 121k "multi-ethnic" responses; includes 40k Swiss citizens with residence in Canada) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">"Ethnic Origin, 2011 National Household Survey"</a>. Statistics Canada. 8 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224183256/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Origin%2C+2011+National+Household+Survey&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fnhs-enm%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fdt-td%2FRp-eng.cfm%3FLANG%3DE%26APATH%3D3%26DETAIL%3D0%26DIM%3D0%26FL%3DA%26FREE%3D0%26GC%3D0%26GID%3D0%26GK%3D0%26GRP%3D0%26PID%3D105396%26PRID%3D0%26PTYPE%3D105277%26S%3D0%26SHOWALL%3D0%26SUB%3D0%26Temporal%3D2013%26THEME%3D95%26VID%3D0%26VNAMEE%3D%26VNAMEF%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span>) <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Argentine">Swiss Argentine</a>: 300k (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinisterio_de_Relaciones_Exteriores_y_Culto_de_la_República_Argentina." class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto de la República Argentina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esuiz.mrecic.gob.ar/node/1095">"La emigración suiza a la Argentina (<i>Swiss emigration to Argentina</i>)"</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227222939/http://www.esuiz.mrecic.gob.ar/node/1095">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+emigraci%C3%B3n+suiza+a+la+Argentina+%28Swiss+emigration+to+Argentina%29&rft.au=Ministerio+de+Relaciones+Exteriores+y+Culto+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+Argentina.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esuiz.mrecic.gob.ar%2Fnode%2F1095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span>). <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Chilean">Swiss Chilean</a>: 100k (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arteenlared.com/latinoamerica/chile/chind-ninos-descendientes-suizos-en-la-araucania-1883-2010.html">actual supera los 100.000 ciudadanos, la mayor de América Latina"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016124954/http://www.arteenlared.com/latinoamerica/chile/chind-ninos-descendientes-suizos-en-la-araucania-1883-2010.html">Archived</a> 2014-10-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Brazilian">Swiss Brazilian</a>: 80k (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-59702003000100006">História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos - From Nova Friburgo to Fribourg in writing: Swiss colonization seen by the immigrants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110307153005/http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-59702003000100006">Archived</a> 7 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Australian">Swiss Australian</a>: 12k by birth, 29k by ancestry (2011 census).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/content/ethnicity-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing">"Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)"</a>. Philippine Statistics Authority.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnicity+in+the+Philippines+%282020+Census+of+Population+and+Housing%29&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Fethnicity-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.immigration.go.kr/immigration/1569/subview.do?enc=Zm5jdDF8QEB8JTJGYmJzJTJGaW1taWdyYXRpb24lMkYyMjclMkY1ODg3MTIlMkZhcnRjbFZpZXcuZG8lM0ZwYXNzd29yZCUzRCUyNnJnc0JnbmRlU3RyJTNEJTI2YmJzQ2xTZXElM0QlMjZyZ3NFbmRkZVN0ciUzRCUyNmlzVmlld01pbmUlM0RmYWxzZSUyNnBhZ2UlM0QxJTI2YmJzT3BlbldyZFNlcSUzRCUyNnNyY2hDb2x1bW4lM0QlMjZzcmNoV3JkJTNEJTI2">"2024년 9월 출입국외국인정책 통계월보"</a> (in Korean). 21 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024%EB%85%84+9%EC%9B%94+%EC%B6%9C%EC%9E%85%EA%B5%AD%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85+%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%EC%9B%94%EB%B3%B4&rft.date=2024-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.immigration.go.kr%2Fimmigration%2F1569%2Fsubview.do%3Fenc%3DZm5jdDF8QEB8JTJGYmJzJTJGaW1taWdyYXRpb24lMkYyMjclMkY1ODg3MTIlMkZhcnRjbFZpZXcuZG8lM0ZwYXNzd29yZCUzRCUyNnJnc0JnbmRlU3RyJTNEJTI2YmJzQ2xTZXElM0QlMjZyZ3NFbmRkZVN0ciUzRCUyNmlzVmlld01pbmUlM0RmYWxzZSUyNnBhZ2UlM0QxJTI2YmJzT3BlbldyZFNlcSUzRCUyNnNyY2hDb2x1bW4lM0QlMjZzcmNoV3JkJTNEJTI2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00250012&tstat=000001018034&cycle=1&tclass1=000001060399&tclass2val=0&metadata=1&data=1">"在留外国人統計"</a> (in Japanese). 15 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%A8%E7%95%99%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-stat.go.jp%2Fstat-search%2Ffiles%3Fpage%3D1%26layout%3Ddatalist%26toukei%3D00250012%26tstat%3D000001018034%26cycle%3D1%26tclass1%3D000001060399%26tclass2val%3D0%26metadata%3D1%26data%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BfSreligion2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BfSreligion2015_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/sprachen-religionen/religionen.assetdetail.1822034.html">Ständige Wohnbevölkerung ab 15 Jahren nach Religionszugehörigkeit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218064639/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/sprachen-religionen/religionen.assetdetail.1822034.html">Archived</a> 18 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Swiss Central Statistical Office 2015 Report. N.b.: the report contains data of the statistical analyses of the years 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">916k out of 5,293k of permanent residents of Switzerland aged 15 and over (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/migration-integration/erwerb-schweizer-buergerrecht-doppelbuerger.assetdetail.4242679.html">"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung ab 15 Jahren nach doppelter Staatszugehörigkeit (2016)"</a> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111173801/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/migration-integration/erwerb-schweizer-buergerrecht-doppelbuerger.assetdetail.4242679.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+ab+15+Jahren+nach+doppelter+Staatszugeh%C3%B6rigkeit+%282016%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fstatistiken%2Fbevoelkerung%2Fmigration-integration%2Ferwerb-schweizer-buergerrecht-doppelbuerger.assetdetail.4242679.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span>) plus 570k out of 775k <a href="/wiki/Swiss_abroad" title="Swiss abroad">Swiss abroad</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/eda/de/documents/publications/AuslandschweizerinnenundAuslandschweizer/Auslandschweizerstatistik/2016-Auslandschweizerstatistik_de.pdf">"Auslandschweizerstatistik 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411054802/https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/eda/de/documents/publications/AuslandschweizerinnenundAuslandschweizer/Auslandschweizerstatistik/2016-Auslandschweizerstatistik_de.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Auslandschweizerstatistik+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eda.admin.ch%2Fdam%2Feda%2Fde%2Fdocuments%2Fpublications%2FAuslandschweizerinnenundAuslandschweizer%2FAuslandschweizerstatistik%2F2016-Auslandschweizerstatistik_de.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Schwyz". <i><a href="/wiki/New_Oxford_American_Dictionary" title="New Oxford American Dictionary">New Oxford American Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Schwyz&rft.btitle=New+Oxford+American+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minahan-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minahan_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2000" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC"><i>One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. 545. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313309841" title="Special:BookSources/0313309841"><bdi>0313309841</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230116024421/https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>. <q>The Romands are a distinct Romance people</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Europe%2C+Many+Nations%3A+A+Historical+Dictionary+of+European+National+Groups&rft.pages=545&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0313309841&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNwvoM-ZFoAgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/sprachen-religionen/sprachen.html">"Languages"</a>. <i>Federal Statistical Office</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220702114608/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/sprachen-religionen/sprachen.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Statistical+Office&rft.atitle=Languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fstatistiken%2Fbevoelkerung%2Fsprachen-religionen%2Fsprachen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131116104721/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/news/04/01.Document.169377.xls">"Population résidante permanente de 15 ans et plus, ventilée selon le statut migratoire et le canton"</a>. Office fédéral de la statistique. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/news/04/01.Document.169377.xls">the original</a> on 16 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+r%C3%A9sidante+permanente+de+15+ans+et+plus%2C+ventil%C3%A9e+selon+le+statut+migratoire+et+le+canton&rft.pub=Office+f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral+de+la+statistique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Ffr%2Findex%2Fnews%2F04%2F01.Document.169377.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/sprachen-religionen/sprachen.assetdetail.4542467.html"> Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Hauptsprachen 2016</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180422202852/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/sprachen-religionen/sprachen.assetdetail.4542467.html">Archived</a> 22 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BFS, 28 February 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Painting commissioned for the chamber of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Council_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Council of States">Council of States</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Palace_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Palace of Switzerland">Federal Palace</a> (see <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Landsgemeinde" class="extiw" title="de:Die Landsgemeinde">de:Die Landsgemeinde</a></i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Some landscapes were highlighted because they were considered essential in the building of the nation and the shaping of its culture. This was most obvious in Switzerland where the Swiss character was forged by the daily confrontation with the difficult mountainous environment of the Alps. Lunn (1963) suggests that the wonderful scenery gave those who inhabited it an opportunity to develop a sense of dignity and grandeur." Niamh Moore, Yvonne Whelan, <i>Heritage, memory and the politics of identity: new perspectives on the cultural landscape</i>, Ashgate Publishing, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4008-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4008-0">978-0-7546-4008-0</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Vetter" title="Ferdinand Vetter">Ferdinand Vetter</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ueberdiesagevond00vett">Ueber die Sage von der Herkunft der Schwyzer und Oberhasler aus Schweden und Friesland</a></i>, Bern 1877, 10f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartley-Moore (2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kohn 1956:15–20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Frank McLynn, <i>Carl Gustav Jung</i> (1997), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-15491-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-15491-2">978-0-312-15491-2</a>, chapter 1. "Jung advanced the paradox that the tolerable social order in Switzerland was a result of having `introverted' war; Switzerland was ahead of the rest of the world in that it was in a chronic state of mitigated civil war and did not direct its aggression outwards."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartley-Moore (2007:213f.): "Localized equivalents of nationalist symbols were also essential to the creation of Swiss civil society. Rather than allowing a centralized federal government to force assimilation to a national ideal, Swiss policy nourished individual characteristics of different regional and language groups" throughout the country. In the Swiss model, pride in local identity is to some degree synonymous with loyalty to the larger state; national identity is nurtured through local 'patriotism.' As Gottfried Keller argued in the nineteenth century, 'Without cantons and without their differences and competition, no Swiss federation could exist'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartley-Moore (2007), citing Kohn 1956:78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verfassungen.de/ch/verf48-i.htm">Constitution of 1848</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014092311/http://www.verfassungen.de/ch/verf48-i.htm">Archived</a> 14 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Art. 43. The requirement of adherence to a <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Switzerland">Christian confession</a> in the 1848 version was dropped in 1866.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verfassungen.de/ch/verf74-i.htm">Constitution of 1874</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207132233/http://www.verfassungen.de/ch/verf74-i.htm">Archived</a> 7 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Art. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Authoritative <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c101.html">German</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101024155200/http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c101.html">Archived</a> 2010-10-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/c101.html">French</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110220035913/http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/c101.html">Archived</a> 2011-02-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/c101.html">Italian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514220647/http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/c101.html">Archived</a> 14 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> as well as non-authoritative <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/opc/rm/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html">Romansh</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200127133215/https://www.admin.ch/opc/rm/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html">Archived</a> 27 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html">English</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160621000507/https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html">Archived</a> 2016-06-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> texts of Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of 18 April 1999 (SR 101)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Friedli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzz.ch/der_heimatort_wird_irrelevant-1.14190191">Der Heimatort wird irrelevant</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181109025727/https://www.nzz.ch/der_heimatort_wird_irrelevant-1.14190191">Archived</a> 9 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/NZZ" class="mw-redirect" title="NZZ">NZZ</a> 8 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swiss nationality law, Art. 161 ZGB.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfm.admin.ch/content/bfm/en/home/themen/buergerrecht/einbuergerung/ordentliche_einbuergerung.html">Regular naturalisation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203211023/https://www.bfm.admin.ch//content/bfm/en/home/themen/buergerrecht/einbuergerung/ordentliche_einbuergerung.html">Archived</a> 3 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfm.admin.ch/content/bfm/en/home/themen/buergerrecht/einbuergerung/erleichterte_einbuergerung.html">Facilitated naturalisation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101010051218/http://www.bfm.admin.ch/content/bfm/en/home/themen/buergerrecht/einbuergerung/erleichterte_einbuergerung.html">Archived</a> 10 October 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130628063825/http://archives.24heures.ch/vaud-regions/actu/naturalisation-ne-devient-suisse-facon-2011-03-22">"Naturalisation: on ne devient pas Suisse partout de la même façon | 24 heures"</a>. Archives.24heures.ch. 22 March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.24heures.ch/vaud-regions/actu/naturalisation-ne-devient-suisse-facon-2011-03-22">the original</a> on 28 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naturalisation%3A+on+ne+devient+pas+Suisse+partout+de+la+m%C3%AAme+fa%C3%A7on+%26%23124%3B+24+heures&rft.pub=Archives.24heures.ch&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.24heures.ch%2Fvaud-regions%2Factu%2Fnaturalisation-ne-devient-suisse-facon-2011-03-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081030230502/http://www.bfm.admin.ch/etc/medialib/data/migration/statistik/auslaenderstatistik/einbuergerungen.Par.0001.File.tmp/ts24_dez07_d.pdf">"Bundesamt für Migration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfm.admin.ch/etc/medialib/data/migration/statistik/auslaenderstatistik/einbuergerungen.Par.0001.File.tmp/ts24_dez07_d.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Migration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfm.admin.ch%2Fetc%2Fmedialib%2Fdata%2Fmigration%2Fstatistik%2Fauslaenderstatistik%2Feinbuergerungen.Par.0001.File.tmp%2Fts24_dez07_d.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwiss+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hosb0805.pdf">Persons Granted British Citizenship, 2004 (pdf)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326135650/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hosb0805.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-03-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Associated with the Paleolithic (<a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnon</a>); forming a small local maximum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/R1b_large_RG.jpg">relativegenetics.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003000057/http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/R1b_large_RG.jpg">Archived</a> October 3, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Associated with the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/I1b2_large_RG.jpg">Relativegenetics.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080816111801/http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/I1b2_large_RG.jpg">Archived</a> August 16, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/I1b_large_RG.jpg">Relativegenetics.com</a>, together with Northern Italy forming a local I1c minimum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501154230/http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/I1b_large_RG.jpg">Archived</a> May 1, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/I1c_large_RG.jpg">Relativegenetics.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080816111741/http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/I1c_large_RG.jpg">Archived</a> August 16, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exhibiting a gradient of decreasing frequency east to west, shared with Germany and Northern Italy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/R1a_large_RG.jpg">relativegenetics.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151023214417/http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/R1a_large_RG.jpg">Archived</a> October 23, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/J2_large_RG.jpg">Relativegenetics.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501140712/http://www.relativegenetics.com/genomics/images/haploMaps/originals/J2_large_RG.jpg">Archived</a> May 1, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upf.edu/cexs/recerca/bioevo/2000BioEvo/BE2000-Simoni-mtDNA-AJHG.pdf">UPF.Edi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625012525/http://www.upf.edu/cexs/recerca/bioevo/2000BioEvo/BE2000-Simoni-mtDNA-AJHG.pdf">Archived</a> June 25, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Walter Sorell, <i>The Swiss: A cultural panorama of Switzerland</i>. Bobbs-Merrill, 1972.</li> <li>Heinrich Zschokke, <i>Des Schweizerlands Geschichten für das Schweizervolk</i>, J. J. Mäcken, 1823. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/desschweizerlan00unkngoog">Internet Archive</a>, trans. as <i>The History of Switzerland, for the Swiss People</i> by Francis George Shaw, 1855. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-34SAAAAYAAJ">Google Books</a></li> <li>Frank Webb, <i>Switzerland of the Swiss</i>, Scribners, 1910. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/switzerlandofswi00webbrich">Archive.org</a></li> <li>Paul Bilton, <i>The Xenophobe's Guide to the Swiss</i>, Oval Projects Ltd, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dwrTaL3k9B8C">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>Leo Schelbert, <i>Swiss Migration to America: The Swiss Mennonites</i>, Ayer Publishing, 1980.</li> <li>John Paul Von Grueningen, <i>The Swiss In The United States: A Compilation Prepared for the Swiss-American Historical Society as the Second Volume of Its Publications</i>, Swiss-American Historical Society, 1940, reprinted for Clearfield Co. by Genealogical Pub. Co., 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-5265-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-5265-7">978-0-8063-5265-7</a>.</li> <li>Henry Demarest Lloyd, John Atkinson Hobson, <i>The Swiss democracy: The Study of a Sovereign People</i>, T. F. Unwin, 1908.</li> <li>J. Christopher Herold, <i>The Swiss without Halos</i>, Greenwood Press, 1979.</li> <li>Julie Hartley-Moore, <i>The Song of Gryon: Political Ritual, Local Identity, and the Consolidation of Nationalism in Multiethnic Switzerland</i>, Journal of American Folklore 120.476 (2007) 204–229.</li> <li>Arnold Henry Moore Lunn, <i>The Swiss and their Mountains: A Study of the Influence of Mountains on Man</i>, Rand McNally, 1963.</li> <li>Hans Kohn, <i>Nationalism and Liberty: The Swiss Example.</i> London: George Allen and Unwin, 1956.</li> <li>Marcello Sorce Keller, "Transplanting multiculturalism: Swiss musical traditions reconfigured in multicultural Victoria", in Joel Crotti and Kay Dreyfus (Guest Editors), <i>Victorian Historical Journal</i>, LXXVIII(2007), no. 2, pp. 187–205; later appeared in <i>Bulletin - Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Musikethnologie und Gesellschaft für die Volksmusik in der Schweiz</i>, October 2008, pp. 53–63.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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id="Switzerland_articles606" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Major topics</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Swiss_history" title="Timeline of Swiss history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland" title="Early history of Switzerland">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCtli_Oath" title="Rütli Oath">Rütli Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">Early Modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">World wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Switzerland" title="Modern history of Switzerland">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland" title="Military history of Switzerland">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Switzerland" title="List of wars involving Switzerland">list of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Historiography</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Physiographic areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">BE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">BS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">GE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">JU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">OW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">SG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">SO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">TI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">UR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">VD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">ZG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">ZH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Switzerland" title="Central Switzerland">Central Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Switzerland" title="Eastern Switzerland">Eastern Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romandy" title="Romandy">Romandy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">list of cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Switzerland" title="NUTS statistical regions of Switzerland">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Switzerland" title="List of earthquakes in Switzerland">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Switzerland" title="List of extreme points of Switzerland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Switzerland" title="Fauna of Switzerland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Switzerland" title="Forests of Switzerland">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Switzerland" title="List of glaciers in Switzerland">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Switzerland" title="Hydrology of Switzerland">Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Switzerland" title="List of islands of Switzerland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Switzerland" title="List of lakes of Switzerland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_in_Switzerland" title="List of mountain passes in Switzerland">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prominent_mountains_of_Switzerland" title="List of prominent mountains of Switzerland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_parks_in_Switzerland" title="Nature parks in Switzerland">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Switzerland" title="List of rivers of Switzerland">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_courts_of_Switzerland" title="Federal courts of Switzerland">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_administration_of_Switzerland" title="Federal administration of Switzerland">Federal administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Switzerland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Switzerland" title="Law of Switzerland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Redoubt_(Switzerland)" title="National Redoubt (Switzerland)">National Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative_in_Switzerland" title="Popular initiative in Switzerland">Popular initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland" title="Voting in Switzerland">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_decree" title="Federal decree">Federal decree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Switzerland" title="Economy of Switzerland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Switzerland" title="Economic history of Switzerland">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Switzerland" title="List of banks in Switzerland">Private banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Switzerland" title="List of companies of Switzerland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Franc <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Switzerland" title="Science and technology in Switzerland">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_made" title="Swiss made">Swiss made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Switzerland" title="Taxation in Switzerland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Switzerland" title="Trade unions in Switzerland">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Switzerland" title="Transport in Switzerland">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Switzerland" title="List of airports in Switzerland">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bike_Routes" title="Swiss National Bike Routes">Bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_main_roads" title="List of Swiss main roads">Road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Society of Switzerland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Switzerland" title="Abortion in Switzerland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Switzerland" title="Capital punishment in Switzerland">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Switzerland" title="Conscription in Switzerland">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Switzerland" title="Corruption in Switzerland">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Switzerland" title="Crime in Switzerland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland" title="Education in Switzerland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Switzerland" title="Euthanasia in Switzerland">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Switzerland" title="Firearms regulation in Switzerland">Firearms regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Switzerland" title="Health in Switzerland">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Switzerland" title="Healthcare in Switzerland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Switzerland" title="Human trafficking in Switzerland">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Immigration to Switzerland">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_system_in_Switzerland" title="Pension system in Switzerland">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_Switzerland" title="List of prisons in Switzerland">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Switzerland" title="Prostitution in Switzerland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Switzerland" title="Social security in Switzerland">Social security</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swiss people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Policy_in_Switzerland" title="Public Welfare Policy in Switzerland">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Switzerland" title="Women in Switzerland">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland" title="Culture of Switzerland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Psalm" title="Swiss Psalm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Switzerland" title="Architecture of Switzerland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Switzerland" title="Mass media in Switzerland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Day" title="Swiss National Day">National Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Switzerland" title="Sport in Switzerland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Switzerland" title="National symbols of Switzerland">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Inventory_of_Cultural_Property_of_National_and_Regional_Significance" title="Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance">Cultural Property of National Significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Switzerland" title="Category:Switzerland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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class="sister-bar-header"><b>Swiss people</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Swiss_people" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Swiss people">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Swiss_people" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Swiss people">News</a></b> from Wikinews</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Swiss_people" class="extiw" title="q:Swiss people">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1041" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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