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<span>Components</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Components-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Components subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Handles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Handles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Badges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Badges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Badges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Badges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Villages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Villages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Villages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Villages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_Conferences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_Conferences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Internal Conferences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_Conferences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Workshops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Workshops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Workshops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Workshops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fundraising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fundraising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Fundraising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fundraising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contests</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contests-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contests subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Black_Badge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Badge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Black Badge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Badge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture_the_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_the_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Capture the flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_the_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capture_the_Flag_History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_the_Flag_History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Capture the Flag History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_the_Flag_History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Entertainment references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venues,_dates,_and_attendance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venues,_dates,_and_attendance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Venues, dates, and attendance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venues,_dates,_and_attendance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">DEF CON</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="ديف كون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديف كون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="DEF CON" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="DEF CON" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEFCON_(Veranstaltung)" title="DEFCON (Veranstaltung) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="DEFCON (Veranstaltung)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="DEF CON" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دف‌کان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دف‌کان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="DEF CON" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%ED%94%84_%EC%BD%98" title="데프 콘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데프 콘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="DEF CON" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="DEF CON (כינוס האקרים) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="DEF CON (כינוס האקרים)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="DEF CON" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="DEF CON" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEFCON_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="DEFCON (конференция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="DEFCON (конференция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8E%D9%81_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86" title="دێف کۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دێف کۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="DEF CON" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="DEF CON" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Annual hacker gathering in Las Vegas, Nevada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the computer security convention. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Defcon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Defcon (disambiguation)">Defcon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">DEF CON</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data">Security Conference, Hacker Conference</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Annual</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data">Varies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="currentage"></span>31</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugurated</th><td class="infobox-data">June 9, 1993<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1993-06-09</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Moss_(hacker)" title="Jeff Moss (hacker)">Jeff Moss</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Previous event</th><td class="infobox-data">August 8-11, 2024</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next event</th><td class="infobox-data">August 7-10, 2025</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Attendance</th><td class="infobox-data">Over 30,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defcon.org">defcon<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Security_hacker" title="Security hacker">Computer hacking</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_security_hacking_incidents" title="List of security hacking incidents">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phreaking" title="Phreaking">Phreaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptovirology" title="Cryptovirology">Cryptovirology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacking_of_consumer_electronics" title="Hacking of consumer electronics">Hacking of consumer electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hackers" title="List of hackers">List of hackers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hacker_culture" title="Hacker culture">Hacker culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hacker_ethic" title="Hacker ethic">ethic</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hackathon" title="Hackathon">Hackathon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hacker_Manifesto" title="Hacker Manifesto">Hacker Manifesto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace">Hackerspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maker_culture" title="Maker culture">Maker culture</a></li> <li>Types of <a href="/wiki/Hacker" title="Hacker">hackers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_hat_(computer_security)" title="Black hat (computer security)">Black hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_hat" title="Grey hat">Grey hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_hat_(computer_security)" title="White hat (computer security)">White hat</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Computer_security_conference" title="Computer security conference">Conferences</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hat_Briefings" title="Black Hat Briefings">Black Hat Briefings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_Communication_Congress" title="Chaos Communication Congress">Chaos Communication Congress</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DEF CON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackers_on_Planet_Earth" title="Hackers on Planet Earth">Hackers on Planet Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_BSides" title="Security BSides">Security BSides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShmooCon" title="ShmooCon">ShmooCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summercon" title="Summercon">Summercon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Computer_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer crime">Computer crime</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimeware" title="Crimeware">Crimeware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_criminals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of computer criminals">List of computer criminals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_kiddie" title="Script kiddie">Script kiddie</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hacking_tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacking tool">Hacking tools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exploit_(computer_security)" title="Exploit (computer security)">Exploit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_forensics_tools#Forensics-focused_operating_systems" title="List of digital forensics tools">forensics-focused operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payload_(computing)" title="Payload (computing)">Payload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)" title="Social engineering (security)">Social engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">Vulnerability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hacker_culture" title="Hacker culture">Practice sites</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HackThisSite" title="HackThisSite">HackThisSite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone-H" title="Zone-H">Zone-H</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rootkit" title="Rootkit">Rootkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)" title="Backdoor (computing)">Backdoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)" title="Trojan horse (computing)">Trojan horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_virus" title="Computer virus">Virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_worm" title="Computer worm">Worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyware" title="Spyware">Spyware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_bomb" title="Logic bomb">Logic bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botnet" title="Botnet">Botnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystroke_logging" title="Keystroke logging">Keystroke logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host-based_intrusion_detection_system" title="Host-based intrusion detection system">HIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_shell" title="Web shell">Web shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution" title="Arbitrary code execution">RCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infostealer" title="Infostealer">Infostealer</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">Computer security</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_security" title="Application security">Application security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing_security" title="Cloud computing security">Cloud computing security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_security" title="Network security">Network security</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hacker_group" title="Hacker group">Groups</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_Computer_Club" title="Chaos Computer Club">Chaos Computer Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homebrew_Computer_Club" title="Homebrew Computer Club">Homebrew Computer Club</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Doom_(hacking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Doom (hacking)">Legion of Doom</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzSec" title="LulzSec">LulzSec</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_of_Deception" title="Masters of Deception">Masters of Deception</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_team" title="Red team">Red team</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blue_team_(computer_security)" title="Blue team (computer security)">Blue team</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Publications</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2600:_The_Hacker_Quarterly" title="2600: The Hacker Quarterly">2600: The Hacker Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacker_News" title="Hacker News">Hacker News</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuts_and_Volts" title="Nuts and Volts">Nuts and Volts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phrack" title="Phrack">Phrack</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Computer_hacking" title="Template:Computer hacking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Computer_hacking" title="Template talk:Computer hacking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Computer_hacking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer hacking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>DEF CON</b> (also written as <b>DEFCON, Defcon,</b> or <b>DC</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_security_conference" title="Computer security conference">hacker convention</a> held annually in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>. The first DEF CON took place in June 1993 and today many attendees at DEF CON include <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">computer security</a> professionals, <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalists</a>, lawyers, federal government employees, security researchers, students, and <a href="/wiki/Hacker_(computer_security)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacker (computer security)">hackers</a> with a general interest in <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">computer architecture</a>, hardware modification, conference badges, and anything else that can be "hacked". The event consists of several tracks of speakers about computer and hacking-related subjects, as well as cyber-security challenges and competitions (known as hacking <a href="/wiki/Wargame_(hacking)" title="Wargame (hacking)">wargames</a>). Contests held during the event are extremely varied and can range from creating the longest <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> connection to finding the most effective way to cool a beer in the <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> heat.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other contests, past and present, include <a href="/wiki/Lockpicking" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockpicking">lockpicking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defcon_Robot_Contest" title="Defcon Robot Contest">robotics-related contests</a>, art, slogan, coffee wars, <a href="/wiki/Scavenger_hunt" title="Scavenger hunt">scavenger hunt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Capture_the_flag_(cybersecurity)" title="Capture the flag (cybersecurity)">Capture the Flag</a>. Capture the Flag (CTF) is perhaps the best known of these contests and is a hacking competition where teams of hackers attempt to attack and defend computers and networks using software and network structures. CTF has been emulated at other hacking conferences as well as in academic and military contexts (as <a href="/wiki/Red_team" title="Red team">red team</a> exercises). </p><p>Federal law enforcement agents from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">DoD</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">United States Postal Inspection Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">DHS</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">CISA</a>) and other agencies regularly attend DEF CON.<sup id="cite_ref-Zetter_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zetter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have considered DEF CON to be the "world's largest" hacker conference given its attendee size and the number of other conferences modeling themselves after it. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DEF CON was founded in 1993, by then 18-year-old <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Moss_(hacker)" title="Jeff Moss (hacker)">Jeff Moss</a> as a farewell party for his friend, a fellow hacker and member of "Platinum Net", a <a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a> protocol based hacking network from <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was planned for Las Vegas a few days before his friend was to leave the United States, because his father had accepted employment out of the country. However, his friend's father left early, taking his friend along, so Jeff was left alone with the entire party planned. Jeff decided to invite all his hacker friends to go to Las Vegas with him and have the party with them instead. Hacker friends from far and wide got together and laid the foundation for DEF CON, with roughly 100 people in attendance. </p><p>The term DEF CON comes from the movie <i><a href="/wiki/WarGames" title="WarGames">WarGames</a></i>, referencing the <a href="/wiki/DEFCON" title="DEFCON">U.S. Armed Forces defense readiness condition ( DEF CON)</a>. In the movie, Las Vegas was selected as a nuclear target, and since the event was being hosted in Las Vegas, it occurred to Jeff Moss to name the convention DEF CON. However, to a lesser extent, CON also stands for convention and DEF is taken from the letters on the number 3 on a <a href="/wiki/Telephone_keypad" title="Telephone keypad">telephone keypad</a>, a reference to <a href="/wiki/Phreaking" title="Phreaking">phreakers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official name of the conference includes a space in-between DEF and CON. </p><p>Though intended to be a one-time event, Moss received overwhelmingly positive feedback from attendees, and decided to host the event for a second year at their urging. The event's attendance nearly doubled the second year, and has enjoyed continued success.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, an estimated 30,000 people attended DEF CON 27.<sup id="cite_ref-forum.defcon.org_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forum.defcon.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="DEFCON:_The_Documentary"></span> For DEF CON's 20th Anniversary, a film was commissioned entitled <i>DEF CON: The Documentary</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film follows the four days of the conference, events and people (attendees and staff), and covers history and philosophy behind DEF CON's success and unique experiences. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="DEF_CON_China"></span> In January 2018, the DEF CON China Beta event was announced. The conference was held May 11–13, 2018 in Beijing, and marked DEF CON's first conference outside the United States. The second annual DEF CON China was canceled due to concerns related to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="DEF_CON_Safe_Mode"></span> In 2020, due to safety concerns over <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> the DEF CON 28 in-person Las Vegas event was cancelled<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and replaced with DEF CON Safe Mode,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a virtual event planned for the same August 6–9 dates as DC 28. </p><p>In 2021, DEF CON 29 was held on August 5–8 in-person in Las Vegas and virtually (via <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Discord" title="Discord">Discord</a>). In-person attendees were required to wear masks in conference areas and to show proof of COVID-19 vaccination. Attendees with verified vaccine records (verified by a 3rd party) were given a wristband which was required for entry into the conference areas.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handles">Handles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Handles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Attendees at DEF CON and other Hacker conferences often utilize an alias or "handle" at conferences. This is in keeping with the hacker community's desire for anonymity. Some known handles include DEF CON founder <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Moss_(hacker)" title="Jeff Moss (hacker)">Jeff Moss</a>' handle of "<a href="/wiki/Dark_Tangent" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Tangent">Dark Tangent</a>". A notable event at DEF CON is DEF CON 101 which starts off the conference and may offer the opportunity for an individual to come up on stage and be assigned a handle by a number of members of the community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Badges">Badges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Badges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DefCon_Badges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/DefCon_Badges.jpg/220px-DefCon_Badges.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/DefCon_Badges.jpg/330px-DefCon_Badges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/DefCon_Badges.jpg/440px-DefCon_Badges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>Multiple, electronic and non-electronic, DEF CON human badges along with other conference badges.</figcaption></figure><p>A notable part of DEF CON is the conference badge, which identifies attendees and ensures attendees can access conference events and activities. The DEF CON badge has historically been notable because of its changing nature, sometimes being an electronic badge (<a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">PCB</a>), with <a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">LEDs</a>, or sometimes being a non-electronic badge such as a <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl record">vinyl record</a>. Conference badges often contain challenges or callbacks to hacker or other technology history, such as the usage of the <a href="/wiki/Konami_Code" title="Konami Code">Konami Code</a> in the DEF CON 24 badge, or the DEF CON 25 badge reverting to the look of the DEF CON 1 badge. DEF CON Badges do not (generally) identify attendees by name; however, the badges are used to differentiate attendees from others. One way of doing this has been to have different badges, a general conference attendee (HUMAN) badge, a Staff member (GOON), Vendor, Speaker, Press, and other badges. In addition, individuals and organizations have begun creating their own badges in what has become known as badgelife. These badges may be purchased in many cases, or earned at the conference by completing challenges or events. Some badges may give the holder access to after hours events at the conference. In 2018, the evolution of this came with what was termed "shitty addon's" or SAOs. These were miniature (usually) PCBs that connected to the official and other badges that may extend functionality or were just collected.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Villages">Villages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Villages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Villages are dedicated spaces arranged around a specific topic. Villages may be considered mini conferences within the con, with many holding their own independent talks as well as hands-on activities such as CTFs, or labs. Some villages include Aerospace Village, Car Hacking Village, IoT Village, Recon, <a href="/wiki/Do-it-yourself_biology" title="Do-it-yourself biology">Biohacking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lock_picking" title="Lock picking">lockpicking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ham_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham radio">ham radio</a>, and the well known <a href="/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)" title="Social engineering (security)">Social Engineering</a> and vote hacking villages. In 2018 the vote hacking village gained media attention due to concerns about US election systems security vulnerabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_Conferences">Internal Conferences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Internal Conferences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DEF CON has its own cultural underground which results in individuals wanting to create their own meetups or "cons" within DEF CON. These may be actual formal meetups or may be informal. Well known cons are: </p> <ul><li>Queercon, a meetup of <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBTQ</a> community.</li> <li>Linecon, any long line has the potential to turn into a con.</li> <li>QuietCon, a meetup to hang out or talk quietly away from the hustle and bustle of the rest of the conference attendees.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Workshops">Workshops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Workshops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Workshops are dedicated classes on various topics related to <a href="/wiki/Information_security" title="Information security">information security</a> and related topics. Historical workshops have been held on topics such as Digital Forensics investigation, hacking <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">IoT</a> devices, playing with <a href="/wiki/RFID" class="mw-redirect" title="RFID">RFID</a>, fuzzing and attacking smart devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fundraising">Fundraising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fundraising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since DEF CON 11, fundraisers have been conducted for the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> (EFF). The first fundraiser was a <a href="/wiki/Dunk_tank" title="Dunk tank">dunk tank</a> and was an "official" event. The EFF now has an event named "The Summit" hosted by the Vegas 2.0 crew that is an open event and fundraiser. DEF CON 18 (2010) hosted a new fundraiser called MohawkCon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contests">Contests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Contests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within DEF CON there are many contests and events which range from, Capture the Flag, Hacker Jeopardy,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scavenger Hunt,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Capture the Packet, Crash and Compile,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hackfortress<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to name a few. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_Badge">Black Badge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Black Badge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Black Badge is the highest award DEF CON gives to contest winners of certain events. <a href="/wiki/Capture_the_flag_(cybersecurity)" title="Capture the flag (cybersecurity)">Capture the flag</a> (CTF) winners sometimes earn these, as well as Hacker Jeopardy winners. The contests that are awarded Black Badges vary from year to year, and a Black Badge allows free entrance to DEF CON for life, potentially a value of thousands of dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2017, a DEF CON Black Badge was featured in an exhibit<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">National Museum of American History</a> entitled "Innovations in Defense: Artificial Intelligence and the Challenge of Cybersecurity". The badge belongs to ForAllSecure's Mayhem Cyber Reasoning System,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the winner of the <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> <a href="/wiki/2016_Cyber_Grand_Challenge" title="2016 Cyber Grand Challenge">2016 Cyber Grand Challenge</a> at DEF CON 24 and the first non-human entity ever to earn a Black Badge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_the_flag">Capture the flag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Capture the flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first instance of the DEF CON CTF was held in 1996, at the 4th DEF CON, and has been held since then every year.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It's one of the few CTF in the attack/defense format. The prize of the winning team is a couple of black badges.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Capture the Flag Timeline <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>DEF CON </th> <th>Competing Teams </th> <th>Organizers </th> <th>Architecture </th> <th>Platform </th> <th>Winning Team </th></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td>Goons </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>AJ Reznor </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td>Goons </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>AJ Reznor </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>6 </td> <td> </td> <td>Goons </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>SNI </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td>7 </td> <td> </td> <td>Goons </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ghetto Hackers </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>8 </td> <td> </td> <td>Goons </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ghetto Hackers </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>9 </td> <td> </td> <td>Goons </td> <td> </td> <td>Multiple </td> <td>Ghetto Hackers & digirev </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>10 </td> <td> </td> <td>Ghetto Hackers </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Redhat</a> 6.2 </td> <td>Digital Revelation </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>Ghetto Hackers </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> </td> <td>Anomaly </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>Ghetto Hackers </td> <td>i386 </td> <td>Windows </td> <td>sk3wl0fr00t </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>Kenshoto </td> <td>i386 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> 5.4 </td> <td>shellphish </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>Kenshoto </td> <td>i386 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solaris_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris OS">Solaris</a> 10 </td> <td>1@stplace </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>Kenshoto </td> <td>i386 </td> <td>FreeBSD </td> <td>1@stplace </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>Kenshoto </td> <td>i386 </td> <td>FreeBSD </td> <td>Sk3wl of Root </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>DDTEK </td> <td>i386 </td> <td>FreeBSD </td> <td>VedaGodz<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>DDTEK </td> <td>i386 </td> <td>FreeBSD & Debian </td> <td>ACME Pharm<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>DDTEK </td> <td>i386 </td> <td>FreeBSD </td> <td>European Nopsleders<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>DDTEK </td> <td>i386 </td> <td>FreeBSD </td> <td>Samurai </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>Legitimate Business Syndicate </td> <td>armv7 </td> <td>Linux </td> <td>Plaid Parliament of Pwning </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>Legitimate Business Syndicate </td> <td>armv7 & i386 </td> <td>Linux </td> <td>Plaid Parliament of Pwning </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>Legitimate Business Syndicate </td> <td>MIPS, x86 & armv7 </td> <td>Linux </td> <td>DEFKOR </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>Legitimate Business Syndicate </td> <td>i386 </td> <td>DECREE </td> <td>Plaid Parliament of Pwning </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>Legitimate Business Syndicate </td> <td>cLEMENCy </td> <td>cLEMENCy </td> <td>Plaid Parliament of Pwning </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>Order Of the Overflow </td> <td>MIPS, x86 & armv7 </td> <td>Linux </td> <td>DEFKOR00T<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>Order Of the Overflow </td> <td>x86, arm64, esoteric </td> <td>Linux, iOS, Xbox </td> <td>Plaid Parliament of Pwning<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>Order Of the Overflow </td> <td>x86, esoteric </td> <td>Linux </td> <td>A*0*E<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>Order Of the Overflow </td> <td>x86, microengine </td> <td>Linux </td> <td>Katzebin<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>Nautilus Institute </td> <td>mixed </td> <td> </td> <td>Maple Mallard Magistrates<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>Nautilus Institute </td> <td>mixed </td> <td> </td> <td>Maple Mallard Magistrates<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>Nautilus Institute </td> <td>mixed </td> <td> </td> <td>Maple Mallard Magistrates<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Capture_the_Flag_History">Capture the Flag History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Capture the Flag History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, the first DEF CON CTF was organized, with a couple of <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a> for participants to hack, and judges to decide if a machine has been hacked, and award points accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, the company <a href="/wiki/Immunix" title="Immunix">Immunix</a> took part in the game under the moniker "immunex",<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to benchmark the security of their Linux-based operating system, with modifications including <a href="/wiki/Stackguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Stackguard">StackGuard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Format_string_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Format string attack">FormatGuard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Openwall_Project" title="Openwall Project">OpenWall</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stack_buffer_overflow" title="Stack buffer overflow">non-executable stack</a>, SubDomain (the ancestor of <a href="/wiki/AppArmor" title="AppArmor">AppArmor</a>), ...<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Confident in their defense capabilities, they even opened access to their servers to other teams, and even spent some time taunting them. The team got the second place, and all their services deployed on their Immunix stack were never compromised.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also the first year the contest had an organiser-provided services infrastructure connected to a real-time scoreboard.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, the game had become so popular that a qualification round was introduced, with the previous winner automatically qualified.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the Sk3wl of Root team took advantage of a <a href="/wiki/Bug_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug (computer)">bug</a> in the game (<a href="/wiki/Privileges-drop" class="mw-redirect" title="Privileges-drop">privilege dropping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Process_fork" class="mw-redirect" title="Process fork">forking</a> were inverted), allowing them to have such a massive lead that they spent most of the CTF playing <a href="/wiki/Guitar_Hero" title="Guitar Hero">Guitar Hero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, it was announced<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that "Diutinus Defense Technology Corp" (DDTEK) would be the new organisers, but nobody knew who they were. It was revealed at the end of the game that the team playing as sk3wl0fr00t was the organizer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Hacking the top hacker contest seemed like a fun way to introduce ourselves to CTF organization. The yells of "bullshit" from CTF teams during the DEF CON 17 awards ceremony were very gratifying." said vulc@n, a member of DDTEK, on the topic.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, the team "lollerskaters dropping from roflcopters" used a <a href="/wiki/0day" class="mw-redirect" title="0day">0day</a> in <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> (namely CVE-2011-4062<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) to escape <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD_jail" title="FreeBSD jail">jails</a>, causing havoc in the game's infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, the 15th edition of the CTF was done in partnership with the <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a>, as part of its <a href="/wiki/2016_Cyber_Grand_Challenge" title="2016 Cyber Grand Challenge">Cyber Grand Challenge</a> program, where teams wrote autonomous systems to play the game without any human interaction.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the Legitimate Business Syndicate came up with their very own CPU architecture called cLEMENCy: a <a href="/wiki/Middle-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-endian">middle-endian</a> with 9 bits bytes <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a>. With its specifications released only 24 hours before the beginning of the CTF, it was designed with the explicit goals of both surprising the teams, and leveling the playing field by breaking all their tools.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Groups">Groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DEF CON Groups are worldwide, local chapters of hackers, thinkers, makers and others. DEF CON Groups were started as a splinter off of the <a href="/wiki/2600:_The_Hacker_Quarterly" title="2600: The Hacker Quarterly">2600</a> meetup groups because of concerns over politicization. Local DEF CON groups are formed and are posted online.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DEF CON Groups are usually identified by the area code of the area where they are located in the US, and by other numbers when outside of the US e.g., DC801, DC201. DEF CON Groups may seek permission to make a logo that includes the official DEF CON logo with approval. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_incidents">Notable incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notable incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following are a list of high-profile issues which have garnered significant media attention. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid #BBB"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <th>1999 </th> <td>On July 10, 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_the_Dead_Cow" title="Cult of the Dead Cow">Cult of the Dead Cow</a> hacker collective released <a href="/wiki/Back_Orifice_2000" title="Back Orifice 2000">Back Orifice 2000</a> (later discovered to be infected with the CIH virus) at DEF CON 7,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in what was, at the time, the largest presentation in DEF CON history. </td></tr> <tr> <th>2001 </th> <td>On July 16, 2001, Russian programmer <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Sklyarov" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitry Sklyarov">Dmitry Sklyarov</a> was arrested the day after DEF CON for writing software to decrypt <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe's</a> <a href="/wiki/E-book" class="mw-redirect" title="E-book">e-book</a> format.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2005 </th> <td>On July 31, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco</a> used legal threats to suppress Mike Lynn from presenting at DEF CON about flaws he had found in the <a href="/wiki/Cisco_IOS" title="Cisco IOS">Cisco IOS</a> used on routers.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamos_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamos-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2007 </th> <td>In August 2007, Michelle Madigan, a reporter for <i><a href="/wiki/Dateline_NBC" title="Dateline NBC">Dateline NBC</a></i>, attempted to secretly record hackers admitting to crimes at the convention. After being outed by DEF CON founder Jeff Moss during an assembly, she was heckled and chased out of the convention by attendees for her use of covert audio and video recording equipment. DEF CON staff tried to get Madigan to obtain a press pass before the outing happened.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassel_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassel-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A DEF CON source at NBC had tipped off organizers to Madigan's plans.<sup id="cite_ref-Zetter_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zetter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2008 </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority_v._Anderson" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority v. Anderson">Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority v. Anderson</a></div><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> students Zack Anderson, R.J. Ryan and Alessandro Chiesa were to present a session entitled "The Anatomy of a Subway Hack: Breaking Crypto RFIDS and Magstripes of Ticketing Systems." The presentation description included the phrase "Want free subway rides for life?" and promised to focus on the Boston T subway.<sup id="cite_ref-CB1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) sued the students and MIT in United States District Court in Massachusetts on August 8, 2008, claiming that the students violated the <a href="/wiki/Computer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Act" title="Computer Fraud and Abuse Act">Computer Fraud and Abuse Act</a> (CFAA) by delivering information to conference attendees that could be used to defraud the MBTA of transit fares.<sup id="cite_ref-EFF_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFF-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court issued a temporary restraining order prohibiting the students from disclosing the material for a period of ten days, despite the fact the material had already been disseminated to DEF CON attendees at the start of the show.<br /> <p>In 2008's contest "Race to Zero," contestants submitted a version of given malware which was required to be undetectable by all of the antivirus engines in each round. The contest concept attracted much negative attention.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2009 </th> <td>WIRED<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reported that an <a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">ATM</a> kiosk was positioned in the conference center of the <a href="/wiki/Riviera_(hotel_and_casino)" title="Riviera (hotel and casino)">Riviera Hotel Casino</a> capturing data from an unknown number of hackers attending the DEF CON hacker conference. </td></tr> <tr> <th>2011 </th> <td>Security company <a href="/wiki/HBGary_Federal" class="mw-redirect" title="HBGary Federal">HBGary Federal</a> used legal threats to prevent former CEO Aaron Barr from attending a panel discussion at the conference.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2012 </th> <td>The director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_B._Alexander" title="Keith B. Alexander">Keith B. Alexander</a>, gave the keynote speech.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenbergdenied_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenbergdenied-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the question and answers session, the first question for Alexander,<sup id="cite_ref-Greenbergdenied_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenbergdenied-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fielded by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Moss_(hacker)" title="Jeff Moss (hacker)">Jeff Moss</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was "Does the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a> really keep a file on everyone, and if so, how can I see mine?" Alexander replied "Our job is foreign intelligence" and that "Those who would want to weave the story that we have millions or hundreds of millions of dossiers on people, is absolutely false…From my perspective, this is absolute nonsense."<sup id="cite_ref-Greenbergdenied_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenbergdenied-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>On March 12, 2013, during a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence">Select Committee on Intelligence</a> hearing, Senator <a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Ron Wyden</a> quoted the 2012 DEF CON keynote speech and asked <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Clapper" title="James Clapper">James Clapper</a> if the U.S. conducted domestic surveillance; Clapper made statements saying that there was no intentional domestic surveillance.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenbergdenied_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenbergdenied-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2013, NSA surveillance programs which collected data on US citizens, such as <a href="/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">PRISM</a>, had been exposed. <a href="/wiki/Andy_Greenberg" title="Andy Greenberg">Andy Greenberg</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> said that NSA officials, including Alexander, in the years 2012 and 2013 "publicly denied–often with carefully hedged words–participating in the kind of snooping on Americans that has since become nearly undeniable."<sup id="cite_ref-Greenbergdenied_63-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenbergdenied-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2013 </th> <td>On July 11, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Moss_(hacker)" title="Jeff Moss (hacker)">Jeff Moss</a> posted a statement,<sup id="cite_ref-WhitneyDEFFeds_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhitneyDEFFeds-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located on the DEF CON blog, titled "Feds, We Need Some Time Apart". It stated that "I think it would be best for everyone involved if the feds call a 'time-out' and not attend DEF CON this year."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first time in the organization's history that it had asked federal authorities not to attend.<sup id="cite_ref-WhitneyDEFFeds_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhitneyDEFFeds-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actor <a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> visited the convention to study the DEF CON culture for an upcoming movie role.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2016 </th> <td>On August 4, 2016, DEF CON and <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> co-hosted the <a href="/wiki/2016_Cyber_Grand_Challenge" title="2016 Cyber Grand Challenge">2016 Cyber Grand Challenge</a>, a first-of-its-kind all-machine hacking tournament. Competing teams had to create a bot capable of handling all aspects of offense and defense with complete autonomy. Seven finalists competed for a US$2M grand prize.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>The winner of the Cyber Grand Challenge was "Mayhem", an AI created by ForAllSecure of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mayhem then went on to participate in the previously humans-only DEF CON Capture the Flag Contest,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it finished in last place, despite pulling ahead of human teams often in a contest for which it was not specifically designed. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2017 </th> <td>At the "Voting Machine Village" event, dozens of <a href="/wiki/Voting_machine" title="Voting machine">voting machines</a> brought to the conference were breached.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>In September 2017, the Voting Machine Village produced "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defcon.org/images/defcon-25/DEF%20CON%2025%20voting%20village%20report.pdf">DEF CON 25 Voting Machine Hacking Village: Report on Cyber Vulnerabilities in US Election Equipment, Databases and Infrastructure</a>" summarizing its findings. The findings were publicly released at an event sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the paper went on to win an <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly</a> Defender Research Award.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Hutchins" title="Marcus Hutchins">Marcus Hutchins</a>, better known online by his handle <a href="/wiki/MalwareTech" class="mw-redirect" title="MalwareTech">MalwareTech</a>, the 23-year-old British security researcher who was credited with stopping the <a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry outbreak</a> was arrested by the FBI at the airport preparing to leave the country after attending DEF CON over his alleged involvement with the <a href="/wiki/Kronos_(malware)" title="Kronos (malware)">Kronos banking trojan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2018 </th> <td>In March 2018, the DEF CON Voting Machine Hacking Village was awarded a Cybersecurity Excellence Award.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The award cites both the spurring of a national dialog around securing the US election system and the release of the nation's first cybersecurity election plan. </td></tr> <tr> <th>2020 </th> <td>On May 8, 2020, the DEF CON in-person conference itself was cancelled<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and virtualized due to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>. DEF CON Safe Mode<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was held August 6–9 online with a full roster of talks, villages, contests and events. </td></tr> <tr> <th>2024 </th> <td>On February 4, 2024, Cesar's Entertainment cancelled the contract with DEF CON without warning<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with speculation that a <a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">ransomware</a> attack<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and bomb scare and subsequent evacuation<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2023 were in part to blame. The conference was moved to the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Convention_Center" title="Las Vegas Convention Center">Las Vegas Convention Center</a> as a result. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entertainment_references">Entertainment references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Entertainment references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>DEF CON was also portrayed in <i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Three_of_a_Kind_(The_X-Files)" title="Three of a Kind (The X-Files)">Three of a Kind</a>" featuring an appearance by <a href="/wiki/The_Lone_Gunmen" title="The Lone Gunmen">The Lone Gunmen</a>. DEF CON was portrayed as a United States government–sponsored convention instead of a civilian convention.</li> <li>A semi-fictionalized account of DEF CON 2, "Cyber Christ Meets Lady Luck", written by <a href="/wiki/Winn_Schwartau" title="Winn Schwartau">Winn Schwartau</a>, demonstrates some of the early DEF CON culture.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A trip to DEF CON for a hacker showdown figures into the plot of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Signal_(2014_film)" title="The Signal (2014 film)">The Signal</a></i>. Director <a href="/wiki/William_Eubank" title="William Eubank">William Eubank</a> came to Las Vegas and screened the film at DEF CON Movie Night.</li> <li>A fictionalized version of DEF CON called "EXOCON" is the setting for the climax of <i><a href="/wiki/Jason_Bourne_(film)" title="Jason Bourne (film)">Jason Bourne</a></i>, the fifth film of the <a href="/wiki/Bourne_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourne (film series)"><i>Bourne</i> film series</a>. The primary antagonist of the film, a fictionalized <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">CIA director</a>, played by <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Keynote_speaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Keynote speaker">keynote speaker</a> at the event, mimicking DEF CON 20's controversial keynote speaker, <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_National_Security_Agency" title="Director of the National Security Agency">NSA director</a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_B._Alexander" title="Keith B. Alexander">Keith B. Alexander</a>.</li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Robot" title="Mr. Robot">Mr. Robot</a></i> Season 3 opener "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Mr._Robot_episodes#ep23" title="List of Mr. Robot episodes">eps3.0_power-saver-mode.h</a>" Elliot and Darlene visit a qualifying tournament for the DEF CON Capture the Flag (CTF) contest. Sharp-eyed viewers will notice DEF CON's smiley-face-and-crossbones mascot Jack among the set decorations.</li> <li>Documentarian <a href="/wiki/Werner_Herzog" title="Werner Herzog">Werner Herzog</a> included DEF CON in his 2016 film <i><a href="/wiki/Lo_and_Behold,_Reveries_of_the_Connected_World" title="Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World">Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World</a></i>, a film described as a "playful yet chilling examination of our rapidly interconnecting online lives".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venues,_dates,_and_attendance"><span id="Venues.2C_dates.2C_and_attendance"></span>Venues, dates, and attendance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Venues, dates, and attendance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each conference venue and date has been extracted from the DEF CON archives for easy reference.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Conference Name </th> <th>Venue </th> <th>Duration </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Attendance </th></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 33 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Convention_Center" title="Las Vegas Convention Center">Las Vegas Convention Center</a> </td> <td>August 7–10 </td> <td>2025 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 32 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Convention_Center" title="Las Vegas Convention Center">Las Vegas Convention Center</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Las_Vegas" title="Sahara Las Vegas">The Sahara</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>August 8–11 </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesars_Forum" title="Caesars Forum">Caesars Forum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flamingo_Las_Vegas" title="Flamingo Las Vegas">Flamingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrah%27s_Las_Vegas" title="Harrah's Las Vegas">Harrah's Hotel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_LINQ_Hotel_%26_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="The LINQ Hotel & Casino">Linq Hotel</a> </td> <td>August 10–13 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>~25,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesars_Forum" title="Caesars Forum">Caesars Forum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flamingo_Las_Vegas" title="Flamingo Las Vegas">Flamingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrah%27s_Las_Vegas" title="Harrah's Las Vegas">Harrah's Hotel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_LINQ_Hotel_%26_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="The LINQ Hotel & Casino">Linq Hotel</a> </td> <td>August 11–14 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>~25,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris_Las_Vegas" title="Paris Las Vegas">Paris Hotel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bally%27s_Las_Vegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bally's Las Vegas">Bally's Hotel</a> </td> <td>August 5–8 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>~8,700<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON Safe Mode </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_event" title="Virtual event">Virtual event</a> </td> <td>August 6–9 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 28 </td> <td>Planned <a href="/wiki/Caesars_Forum" title="Caesars Forum">Caesars Forum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrah%27s_Las_Vegas" title="Harrah's Las Vegas">Harrah's</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Linq" title="The Linq">The Linq</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flamingo_Las_Vegas" title="Flamingo Las Vegas">Flamingo</a> </td> <td>August 6–9 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>0<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris_Las_Vegas" title="Paris Las Vegas">Paris Hotel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bally%27s_Las_Vegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bally's Las Vegas">Bally's Hotel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planet_Hollywood_Las_Vegas" title="Planet Hollywood Las Vegas">Planet Hollywood</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flamingo_Las_Vegas" title="Flamingo Las Vegas">Flamingo</a> </td> <td>August 8–11 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>~30,000<sup id="cite_ref-forum.defcon.org_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forum.defcon.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON China 1.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/798_Art_Zone" title="798 Art Zone">751 D-Park</a> </td> <td>May 31–June 2 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesars_Palace" title="Caesars Palace">Caesars Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flamingo_Las_Vegas" title="Flamingo Las Vegas">Flamingo</a> </td> <td>August 9–12 </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>28,000<sup id="cite_ref-dc-transparency_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dc-transparency-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON China [Beta] </td> <td>Kuntai Hotel (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>) </td> <td>May 11–13 </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesars_Palace" title="Caesars Palace">Caesars Palace</a> </td> <td>July 27–30 </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>25,000<sup id="cite_ref-voting_village_dc25_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voting_village_dc25-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris_Las_Vegas" title="Paris Las Vegas">Paris Hotel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bally%27s_Las_Vegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bally's Las Vegas">Bally's Hotel</a> </td> <td>August 4–7 </td> <td>2016 </td> <td>22,000<sup id="cite_ref-Norton_at_DefCon_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norton_at_DefCon-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris_Las_Vegas" title="Paris Las Vegas">Paris Hotel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bally%27s_Las_Vegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bally's Las Vegas">Bally's Hotel</a> </td> <td>August 6–9 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>16,000+<sup id="cite_ref-graytier_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graytier-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_All-Suite_Hotel_and_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio All-Suite Hotel and Casino">Rio Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>August 7–10 </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>16,000<sup id="cite_ref-venturebeat_dc22_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturebeat_dc22-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_All-Suite_Hotel_and_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio All-Suite Hotel and Casino">Rio Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>August 1–4 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>12,000<sup id="cite_ref-venturebeat_dc22_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturebeat_dc22-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_All-Suite_Hotel_and_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio All-Suite Hotel and Casino">Rio Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>July 26–29 </td> <td>2012 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_All-Suite_Hotel_and_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio All-Suite Hotel and Casino">Rio Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>August 4–7 </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riviera_(hotel_and_casino)" title="Riviera (hotel and casino)">Riviera Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>July 30–August 1 </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riviera_(hotel_and_casino)" title="Riviera (hotel and casino)">Riviera Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>July 30–August 2 </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riviera_(hotel_and_casino)" title="Riviera (hotel and casino)">Riviera Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>August 8–10 </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>8,000<sup id="cite_ref-defcon_dc17_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defcon_dc17-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riviera_(hotel_and_casino)" title="Riviera (hotel and casino)">Riviera Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>August 3–5 </td> <td>2007 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riviera_(hotel_and_casino)" title="Riviera (hotel and casino)">Riviera Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>August 4–6 </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Park" title="Alexis Park">Alexis Park Resort</a> </td> <td>July 29–31 </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Park" title="Alexis Park">Alexis Park Resort</a> </td> <td>July 30–August 1 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Park" title="Alexis Park">Alexis Park Resort</a> </td> <td>August 1–3 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Park" title="Alexis Park">Alexis Park Resort</a> </td> <td>August 2–4 </td> <td>2002 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Park" title="Alexis Park">Alexis Park Resort</a> </td> <td>July 13–15 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Park" title="Alexis Park">Alexis Park Resort</a> </td> <td>July 28–30 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Park" title="Alexis Park">Alexis Park Resort</a> </td> <td>July 9–11 </td> <td>1999 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Hotel_%26_Casino" title="Plaza Hotel & Casino">Plaza Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>July 31–August 2 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Planet_Hollywood_Las_Vegas" title="Planet Hollywood Las Vegas">Aladdin Hotel & Casino</a> </td> <td>July 11–13 </td> <td>1997 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Park_MGM" title="Park MGM">Monte Carlo Resort and Casino</a> </td> <td>July 26–28 </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tropicana_Las_Vegas" title="Tropicana Las Vegas">Tropicana Resort & Casino</a> </td> <td>August 4–6 </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SLS_Las_Vegas" class="mw-redirect" title="SLS Las Vegas">Sahara Hotel and Casino</a> </td> <td>July 22–24 </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>~200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEF CON 1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sands_Hotel_and_Casino" title="Sands Hotel and Casino">Sands Hotel and Casino</a> </td> <td>June 9–11 </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>~100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hat_Briefings" title="Black Hat Briefings">Black Hat Briefings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_Communication_Congress" title="Chaos Communication Congress">Chaos Communication Congress</a> (C3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting" title="Electronic voting">Electronic voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hack-Tic" title="Hack-Tic">Hack-Tic</a>, a quadrennial European convention</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackers_on_Planet_Earth" title="Hackers on Planet Earth">Hackers on Planet Earth</a> (HOPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_BSides" title="Security BSides">Security BSides</a>, a community supported conference with locations across the globe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summercon" title="Summercon">Summercon</a>, the first American hacker conference, organized by members of <a href="/wiki/Phrack" title="Phrack">Phrack</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ToorCon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ToorCon (page does not exist)">ToorCon</a>, a yearly hacker conference held in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> since 1999</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defcon.org/html/links/dc-archives/dc-1-archive.html">"Def Con 1 Archive"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Def+Con+1+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defcon.org%2Fhtml%2Flinks%2Fdc-archives%2Fdc-1-archive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deviating.net/bccc/">"DefCon Beverage Cooling Contraption Contest"</a>. <i>deviating.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=deviating.net&rft.atitle=DefCon+Beverage+Cooling+Contraption+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeviating.net%2Fbccc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zetter-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zetter_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zetter_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZetter2007" class="citation web cs1">Zetter, Kim (3 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/08/media-mole-at-d.html">"Dateline Mole Allegedly at DefCon with Hidden Camera – Updated: Mole Caught on Tape"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Wired News">Wired Blog Network</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-15</span></span>. <q>According to DefCon staff, Madigan had told someone she wanted to out an undercover federal agent at DefCon. That person in turn warned DefCon about Madigan's plans. Federal law enforcement agents from FBI, DoD, United States Postal Inspection Service and other agencies regularly attend DefCon to gather intelligence on the latest techniques of hackers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wired+Blog+Network&rft.atitle=Dateline+Mole+Allegedly+at+DefCon+with+Hidden+Camera+%E2%80%93+Updated%3A+Mole+Caught+on+Tape&rft.date=2007-08-03&rft.aulast=Zetter&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.wired.com%2F27bstroke6%2F2007%2F08%2Fmedia-mole-at-d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defcon.org/html/defcon-15/dc-15-faq.html">"DEFCON 15 FAQ's"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 Feb</span> 2011</span>. <q>Lots of people come to DEFCON and are doing their job; security professionals, federal agents, and the press.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEFCON+15+FAQ%27s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defcon.org%2Fhtml%2Fdefcon-15%2Fdc-15-faq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTangent" class="citation web cs1">Tangent, The Dark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defcon.org/html/links/dc-about.html">"DEF CON® Hacking Conference – About"</a>. <i>www.defcon.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.defcon.org&rft.atitle=DEF+CON%C2%AE+Hacking+Conference+%E2%80%93+About&rft.aulast=Tangent&rft.aufirst=The+Dark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defcon.org%2Fhtml%2Flinks%2Fdc-about.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defcon.org/html/links/dc-about.html">"DEFCON about"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEFCON+about&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defcon.org%2Fhtml%2Flinks%2Fdc-about.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Moss_(hacker)" title="Jeff Moss (hacker)">Jeff Moss</a> (July 30, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lg6bQMTjHCE"><i>The Story of DEFCON</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 Feb</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+DEFCON&rft.date=2007-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dlg6bQMTjHCE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forum.defcon.org-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forum.defcon.org_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-forum.defcon.org_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forum.defcon.org/node/229647">"Def Con 27 Transparency Report - DEF CON Forums"</a>. <i>forum.defcon.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=forum.defcon.org&rft.atitle=Def+Con+27+Transparency+Report+-+DEF+CON+Forums&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforum.defcon.org%2Fnode%2F229647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3010462/"><i>DEFCON: The Documentary</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123536853#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/01/28/defcon_china_cancelled/">"Coronavirus claims new victim: 'DEF CON cancelled' joke cancelled after DEF CON China actually cancelled"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+claims+new+victim%3A+%27DEF+CON+cancelled%27+joke+cancelled+after+DEF+CON+China+actually+cancelled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2020%2F01%2F28%2Fdefcon_china_cancelled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman" class="citation magazine cs1">Newman, Lily Hay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/defcon-is-canceled/">"Defcon is Cancelled"</a>. <i>Wired</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Defcon+is+Cancelled&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Lily+Hay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fdefcon-is-canceled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defcon.org/html/defcon-safemode/dc-safemode-faq.html">"DEF CON 28 Safe Mode FAQ"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEF+CON+28+Safe+Mode+FAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdefcon.org%2Fhtml%2Fdefcon-safemode%2Fdc-safemode-faq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defcon.org/html/defcon-29/dc-29-faq.html">"DEF CON 29 FAQ"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEF+CON+29+FAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdefcon.org%2Fhtml%2Fdefcon-29%2Fdc-29-faq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOberhaus2018" class="citation web cs1">Oberhaus, Daniel (September 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/vbne9a/a-history-of-badgelife-def-cons-unlikely-obsession-with-artistic-circuit-boards">"A History of Badgelife, Def Con's Unlikely Obsession with Artistic Circuit Boards"</a>. <i>Vice Motherboard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice+Motherboard&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Badgelife%2C+Def+Con%27s+Unlikely+Obsession+with+Artistic+Circuit+Boards&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft.aulast=Oberhaus&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmotherboard.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fvbne9a%2Fa-history-of-badgelife-def-cons-unlikely-obsession-with-artistic-circuit-boards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAllister2015" class="citation web cs1">McAllister, Neil (August 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/08/12/def_con_23_record_badge/">"Is this the most puzzling DEF CON attendee badge yet on record?"</a>. <i>The Register UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=forum.defcon.org&rft.atitle=DEF+CON+28+in-person+conference+is+CANCELLED+-+DEF+CON+Forums&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforum.defcon.org%2Fnode%2F232005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defcon.org/html/defcon-safemode/dc-safemode-index.html">"DEF CON Safe Mode archive site"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEF+CON+Safe+Mode+archive+site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdefcon.org%2Fhtml%2Fdefcon-safemode%2Fdc-safemode-index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2024/02/07/def_con_canceled/">"DEF CON is canceled! No, really this time – but the show will go on"</a>. <i>The Register</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=DEF+CON+is+canceled%21+No%2C+really+this+time+%E2%80%93+but+the+show+will+go+on&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2024%2F02%2F07%2Fdef_con_canceled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhaitan2023" class="citation web cs1">Khaitan, Ashish (14 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecyberexpress.com/caesars-ransomware-attack-mgm-resorts-defcon/">"Caesars Ransomware Attack, MGM Hit Linked To DEFCON?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 Feb</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyber+Christ+Meets+Lady+Luck&rft.au=Winn+Schwartau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnschwartau.com%2Fresources%2FCyberChrist%2BMeets%2BLady%2BLuck%2BDC2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defcon.org/html/links/dc-archives.html">"DEF CON® Hacking Conference – Show Archives"</a>. <i>www.defcon.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.defcon.org&rft.atitle=DEF+CON%C2%AE+Hacking+Conference+%E2%80%93+Show+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defcon.org%2Fhtml%2Flinks%2Fdc-archives.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forum.defcon.org/node/248360">"DEF CON 32 Was Canceled. We Un-Canceled it"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Defcon+Is+Canceled&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Lily+Hay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fdefcon-is-canceled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dc-transparency-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dc-transparency_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defcon.org/html/links/dc-transparency.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"DEF CON Transparency"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Gray+Tier+Technologies+at+DEFCON23%22&rft.date=2015-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgraytier.com%2Fblog%2Fgray-tier-technologies-at-defcon23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-venturebeat_dc22-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-venturebeat_dc22_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturebeat_dc22_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Byrne_Reilly2014" class="citation web cs1">Richard Byrne Reilly (2014-08-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venturebeat.com/2014/08/12/black-hat-and-defcon-see-record-attendance-and-thats-not-even-counting-the-spies/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Black Hat and Defcon see record attendance — even without the government spooks"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEF+CON+17+FAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defcon.org%2Fhtml%2Fdefcon-17%2Fdc-17-faq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informationweek.com/defcons-moss-undercover-reporter-damages/201203316">DEF CON's Moss: Undercover Reporter Damages 'Neutral Zone'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924223241/https://www.informationweek.com/defcons-moss-undercover-reporter-damages/201203316">Archived</a> 2019-09-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Information_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Week">Information Week</a></i>. August 6, 2007.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Greenberg, Andy (August 10, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/mtba-charliecard-hack-defcon-2023/">"Teens Hacked Boston Subway Cards to Get Infinite Free Rides—and This Time, Nobody Got Sued"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Teens+Hacked+Boston+Subway+Cards+to+Get+Infinite+Free+Rides%E2%80%94and+This+Time%2C+Nobody+Got+Sued&rft.date=2023-08-10&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fmtba-charliecard-hack-defcon-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADEF+CON" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mills, Elinor. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-57481689-83/nsa-director-finally-greets-defcon-hackers/">NSA director finally greets DEF CON hackers</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a></i>. July 27, 2012.</li> <li>Newman, Lily Hay "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/voting-machine-hacks-defcon/">To Fix Voting Machines, Hackers Tear Them Apart</a>" <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">WIRED</a> August 1, 2017.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEF_CON&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:DEF_CON" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:DEF CON">DEF CON</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>DEF CON</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defcon.org">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defcon.org/html/links/dc-faq/dc-faq.html">Official FAQ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defcongroups.org">DEF CON Groups</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defcon.org/#onionlinks">DEF CON v3 Tor .onion addresses</a></li></ul> <p><b>Multimedia</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/69695831">DEF CON: The Documentary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3010462/">DEF CON: The Documentary</a> on <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/08/a-first-ever-lo.html">A first ever look inside the DEF CON NOC (2008)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.net-security.org/article.php?id=1044">The Story of DEF CON – video interview with Jeff Moss, a.k.a. 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