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Types of plant oils - Wikipedia
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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plant oils</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg/145px-Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg/218px-Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg/290px-Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1933" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sidebar-caption"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable oil</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetable_oils" title="List of vegetable oils">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(cooking)" title="Maceration (cooking)">Macerated oil</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_macerated_oils" class="mw-redirect" title="List of macerated oils">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">Essential oil</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_essential_oils" title="List of essential oils">list</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Uses</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drying_oil" title="Drying oil">Drying oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_paint" title="Oil paint">Oil paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">Cooking oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil_fuel" title="Vegetable oil fuel">Fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">Components</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">Trans fat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#eee">Types of <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fats</a> in <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsaturated_fat" title="Unsaturated fat">Unsaturated fat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated fat</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Components</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">Fatty acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essential_fatty_acid" title="Essential fatty acid">Essential fatty acid</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">Omega−3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega-6_fatty_acid" title="Omega-6 fatty acid">Omega−6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega-7_fatty_acid" title="Omega-7 fatty acid">Omega−7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega-9_fatty_acid" title="Omega-9 fatty acid">Omega−9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triglyceride" title="Triglyceride">Triglyceride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Manufactured fats</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat_hydrogenation" title="Fat hydrogenation">Fat hydrogenation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">Trans fat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_interesterification" title="Fat interesterification">Fat interesterification</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fats" title="Template:Fats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fats" title="Template talk:Fats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Plant oils</b> or vegetable oils are <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oils</a> derived from plant sources, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Animal_fat" title="Animal fat">animal fats</a> or <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>. There are three primary types of plant oil, differing both the means of extracting the relevant parts of the plant, and in the nature of the resulting oil: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_fats_and_oils" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable fats and oils">Vegetable fats and oils</a> were historically extracted by putting part of the plant under <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a>, squeezing out the oil.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macerated_oils" class="mw-redirect" title="Macerated oils">Macerated oils</a> consist of a base oil to which parts of plants are added.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">Essential oils</a> are composed of volatile aromatic compounds, extracted from plants by <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distillation</a>.</li></ol> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegetable_fats_and_oils">Vegetable fats and oils</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Types_of_plant_oils&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Vegetable fats and oils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetable_oils" title="List of vegetable oils">List of vegetable oils</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_fats_and_oils" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable fats and oils">Vegetable fats and oils</a> are what are most commonly called <i>vegetable oils</i>. These are <a href="/wiki/Triglyceride" title="Triglyceride">triglyceride</a>-based, and include cooking oils like <a href="/wiki/Canola_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Canola oil">canola oil</a>, solid oils like <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_butter" title="Cocoa butter">cocoa butter</a>, oils used in <a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">paint</a> like <a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">linseed oil</a> and oils used for industrial purposes. Pressed vegetable oils are extracted from the plant containing the oil (usually the seed), using one of two types of oil press. The most common is the <i>screw press</i>, which consists of a large-diameter metal screw inside a metal housing. Oil seeds are fed into the housing, where the screws mash the seeds, and create pressure which forces the oil out through small holes in the side of the press. The remaining solids, called <i>seed cake</i>, are either discarded or used for other purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-tickell_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tickell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oil presses can be either manual or powered. The second type of oil press is the <i>ram press</i>, where a piston is driven into a cylinder, crushing the seeds and forcing out the oil. Ram presses are generally more efficient than screw presses. </p><p>There has been recent interest in improving the design of mechanical oil presses, particularly for use in developing countries. A press developed at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-lab.mit.edu/">D-Lab</a>, for example, is capable of exerting 800–1,000psi to extract peanut oil.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Industrial machines for extracting oil mechanically are call <i>expellers</i>. Many expellers add heat and pressure, in order to increase the amount of oil extracted. If the temperature does not exceed 120 °F, the oil can be called "cold-pressed".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern vegetable oil production, oils are usually extracted chemically, using a <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvent</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hexane" title="Hexane">hexane</a>. Chemical extraction is cheaper and more efficient than mechanical extraction, at a large scale, leaving only 0.5–0.7% of the oil in the plant solids, as compared to 6–14% for mechanical extraction.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Macerated_oils">Macerated oils</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Types_of_plant_oils&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Macerated oils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Macerated_oils" class="mw-redirect" title="Macerated oils">Macerated</a> or <i>infused oils</i> are oils to which other matter has been added, such as herbs or flowers. Typically, the oil used is a food-grade <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">fat-type oil</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Essential_oils">Essential oils</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Types_of_plant_oils&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Essential oils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">Essential oil</a></div> <p>Essential oils are not true oils but volatile aromatic compounds that are used in flavors, fragrances, and in <a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">aromatherapy</a> for health purposes. Essential oils are usually extracted by <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distillation</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(cooking)" title="Maceration (cooking)">Maceration</a> is also used as a means of extracting essential oils.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this process, used, for example, to extract the onion, garlic, wintergreen and bitter almond essential oil, the plant material is macerated in warm water to release the volatile compounds in the plant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Types_of_plant_oils&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tickell-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tickell_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJoshua_Tickell,_Kaia_Tickell2000" class="citation book cs1">Joshua Tickell, Kaia Tickell (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zq5oagEkhz8C&q=oil+press&pg=PA51"><i>From the fryer to the fuel tank: the complete guide to using vegetable oil as an alternative fuel</i></a> (third ed.). Biodiesel America. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9707227-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9707227-0-2"><bdi>0-9707227-0-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+fryer+to+the+fuel+tank%3A+the+complete+guide+to+using+vegetable+oil+as+an+alternative+fuel&rft.pages=51&rft.edition=third&rft.pub=Biodiesel+America&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-9707227-0-2&rft.au=Joshua+Tickell%2C+Kaia+Tickell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzq5oagEkhz8C%26q%3Doil%2Bpress%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypes+of+plant+oils" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-lab.mit.edu/projects/150/peanut-oil-press"><i>Peanut Oil Press</i></a>, 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peanut+Oil+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fd-lab.mit.edu%2Fprojects%2F150%2Fpeanut-oil-press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypes+of+plant+oils" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodtip&dbid=202">"What are cold pressed oils?"</a>. World's Healthiest Foods<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+are+cold+pressed+oils%3F&rft.pub=World%27s+Healthiest+Foods&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whfoods.com%2Fgenpage.php%3Ftname%3Dfoodtip%26dbid%3D202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypes+of+plant+oils" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oilgae.com/ref/glos/hexane_solvent_oil_extraction.html">"Hexane solvent oil extraction – Definition, Glossary, Details"</a>. Oilgae<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hexane+solvent+oil+extraction+%E2%80%93+Definition%2C+Glossary%2C+Details&rft.pub=Oilgae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oilgae.com%2Fref%2Fglos%2Fhexane_solvent_oil_extraction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypes+of+plant+oils" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarl_A._D._Swift2002" class="citation book cs1">Karl A. D. Swift (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=omrjtJQkM-IC&q=maceration+oil&pg=PA57">"Commercial Essential Oils: Truths and Consequences"</a>. <i>Advances in flavours and fragrances: from the sensation to the synthesis</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85404-821-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85404-821-9"><bdi>0-85404-821-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Commercial+Essential+Oils%3A+Truths+and+Consequences&rft.btitle=Advances+in+flavours+and+fragrances%3A+from+the+sensation+to+the+synthesis&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-85404-821-9&rft.au=Karl+A.+D.+Swift&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DomrjtJQkM-IC%26q%3Dmaceration%2Boil%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypes+of+plant+oils" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Types_of_plant_oils&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triglyceride" title="Triglyceride">Triglyceride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_fats_and_oils" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable fats and oils">Vegetable fats and oils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetable_oils" title="List of vegetable oils">List of vegetable oils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_essential_oils" title="List of essential oils">List of essential oils</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐75bcdb9b47‐xp7jp Cached time: 20241101154430 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.262 seconds Real time usage: 0.311 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 447/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17529/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 148/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 37381/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.183/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3757938/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 277.225 1 -total 45.47% 126.047 1 Template:Reflist 41.71% 115.637 1 Template:Vegetable_oils 41.35% 114.624 2 Template:Sidebar 31.78% 88.104 2 Template:Cite_book 7.44% 20.634 1 Template:See_also 3.95% 10.951 2 Template:Cite_web 2.27% 6.302 1 Template:Fats 1.89% 5.229 1 Template:Citation 1.42% 3.931 1 Template:Main --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5544998-0!canonical and timestamp 20241101154430 and revision id 1248170163. 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