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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Development history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Technical details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Octave,_the_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Octave,_the_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Octave, the language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Octave,_the_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Command_and_variable_name_completion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_and_variable_name_completion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Command and variable name completion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command_and_variable_name_completion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Command_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Command history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Data structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short-circuit_Boolean_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short-circuit_Boolean_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Short-circuit Boolean operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short-circuit_Boolean_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Increment_and_decrement_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Increment_and_decrement_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Increment and decrement operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Increment_and_decrement_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unwind-protect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unwind-protect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Unwind-protect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unwind-protect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variable-length_argument_lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variable-length_argument_lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Variable-length argument lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variable-length_argument_lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variable-length_return_lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variable-length_return_lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Variable-length return lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variable-length_return_lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C++_integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C++_integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>C++ integration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C++_integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MATLAB_compatibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MATLAB_compatibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>MATLAB compatibility</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-MATLAB_compatibility-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle MATLAB compatibility subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-MATLAB_compatibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Syntax_compatibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax_compatibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Syntax compatibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax_compatibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function_compatibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function_compatibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Function compatibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function_compatibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_interfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_interfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>User interfaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_interfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GUI_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GUI_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>GUI applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GUI_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Packages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Packages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Packages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Packages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_other_similar_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_other_similar_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Comparison with other similar software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_other_similar_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">GNU Octave</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81" title="جنو أوكتاف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنو أوكتاف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE)" title="অক্টেভ (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অক্টেভ (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave" title="Octave – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Octave" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88" title="گنو آکتیو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گنو آکتیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_%EC%98%A5%ED%83%80%EB%B8%8C" title="GNU 옥타브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="GNU 옥타브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5" title="ग्नू ऑक्टेव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्नू ऑक्टेव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%91%D7%94_(%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95)" title="אוקטבה (גנו) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקטבה (גנו)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%82_%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗ്നൂ ഒക്ടേവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്നൂ ഒക്ടേവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="جی این یو آکٹیو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جی این یو آکٹیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave" title="Octave – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Octave" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="GNU Octave" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">GNU Octave</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnu-octave-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gnu-octave-logo.svg/100px-Gnu-octave-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gnu-octave-logo.svg/150px-Gnu-octave-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gnu-octave-logo.svg/200px-Gnu-octave-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="283" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:GNUOctave430.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/GNUOctave430.png/220px-GNUOctave430.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/GNUOctave430.png/330px-GNUOctave430.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/GNUOctave430.png/440px-GNUOctave430.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="944" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">GNU Octave 4.3.0+ running on <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">John W. Eaton and many others<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">4 January 1993<span class="noprint">; 32 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">4 January 1993</span>)</span> (first alpha release)<br />17 February 1994<span class="noprint">; 31 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">17 February 1994</span>)</span> (version 1.0)<sup id="cite_ref-kilikilikili_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kilikilikili-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">9.4.0<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-20913339dd612c85fbae6c46cd0982b599a5b6e4-v18_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-20913339dd612c85fbae6c46cd0982b599a5b6e4-v18-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223679?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 6 February 2025<span class="noprint">; 40 days ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">6 February 2025</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hg.savannah.gnu.org/hgweb/octave">hg<wbr />.savannah<wbr />.gnu<wbr />.org<wbr />/hgweb<wbr />/octave</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223679#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> (main), Octave itself (scripts), <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> (wrapper code), <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> (linear algebra wrapper code)<sup id="cite_ref-octave_building_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-octave_building-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">18 languages<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_numerical-analysis_software" title="List of numerical-analysis software">Scientific computing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2007: <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL-3.0-or-later</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1992: <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL-2.0-or-later</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://octave.org/">octave<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>GNU Octave</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_programming_language" title="Scientific programming language">scientific programming language</a> for <a href="/wiki/Scientific_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific computing">scientific computing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numerical_computation" class="mw-redirect" title="Numerical computation">numerical computation</a>. Octave helps in solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is mostly compatible with <a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a>. It may also be used as a <a href="/wiki/Batch_processing" title="Batch processing">batch-oriented</a> language. As part of the <a href="/wiki/GNU_Project" title="GNU Project">GNU Project</a>, it is <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The project was conceived around 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Octave_about_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Octave_about-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first it was intended to be a companion to a chemical reactor design course. Full development was started by John W. Eaton in 1992. The first alpha release dates back to 4 January 1993 and on 17 February 1994 version 1.0 was released. Version 9.2.0 was released on 7 June 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The program is named after <a href="/wiki/Octave_Levenspiel" title="Octave Levenspiel">Octave Levenspiel</a>, a former professor of the principal author. Levenspiel was known for his ability to perform quick <a href="/wiki/Back-of-the-envelope_calculation" title="Back-of-the-envelope calculation">back-of-the-envelope calculations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-about_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_history">Development history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Time</th> <th>Action </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">1988/1989</td> <td>1st discussions (Book and Software) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">February 1992</td> <td>Start of Development </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">January 1993</td> <td>News in Web (Version 0.60) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">February 1994</td> <td>1st Publication (Version 1.0.0 to 1.1.1)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">December 1996</td> <td>2nd Publication (Version 2.0.x) with Windows Port (<a href="/wiki/Cygwin" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">December 2007</td> <td>Publication of Version 3.0 (Milestone)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">29 May 2015</td> <td>Version 4.0.0 (stable GUI and new Syntax for <a href="/wiki/Object_oriented_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Object oriented programming">OOP</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">1 March 2019</td> <td>Publication of Octave 5.1.0 (QT5 preferred, Qt 4.8 minimum), hiDpi support<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">26 November 2020</td> <td>Publication of Octave 6.1.0 (QT5 preferred, Qt 4.x deprecated for remove in 7)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">6 April 2022</td> <td>Publication of Octave 7.1.0 (QT5 preferred), improved graphics backend and matlab compatibility<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">7 March 2023</td> <td>Publication of Octave 8.1.0, improved graphics backend and matlab compatibility<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">14 March 2024</td> <td>Publication of Octave 9.1.0, general, matlab compatibility, and graphics improvements.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">7 June 2024</td> <td>Publication of Octave 9.2.0, bug and GUI fixes.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developments">Developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to use on desktops for personal scientific computing, Octave is used in academia and industry. For example, Octave was used on a massive <a href="/wiki/Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">parallel</a> computer at <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Supercomputing_Center" title="Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center">Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center</a> to find vulnerabilities related to guessing social security numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acceleration with <a href="/wiki/OpenCL" title="OpenCL">OpenCL</a> or <a href="/wiki/CUDA" title="CUDA">CUDA</a> is also possible with use of GPUs.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Octave is written in <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> using the <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B_standard_library" class="mw-redirect" title="C++ standard library">C++ standard library</a>.</li> <li>Octave uses an <a href="/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a> to execute the Octave scripting language.</li> <li>Octave is extensible using dynamically loadable modules.</li> <li>Octave interpreter has an <a href="/wiki/OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</a>-based graphics engine to create plots, graphs and charts and to save or print them. Alternatively, <a href="/wiki/Gnuplot" title="Gnuplot">gnuplot</a> can be used for the same purpose.</li> <li>Octave includes a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) in addition to the traditional <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> (CLI); see <a href="#User_interfaces">#User interfaces</a> for details.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Octave,_the_language"><span id="Octave.2C_the_language"></span>Octave, the language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Octave, the language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Octave language is an interpreted programming language. It is a <a href="/wiki/Structured_programming" title="Structured programming">structured programming</a> language (similar to <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>) and supports many common <a href="/wiki/C_standard_library" title="C standard library">C standard library</a> functions, and also certain <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">UNIX</a> system calls and functions.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it does not support passing arguments by reference<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although function arguments are <a href="/wiki/Copy-on-write" title="Copy-on-write">copy-on-write</a> to avoid unnecessary duplication. </p><p>Octave programs consist of a list of function calls or a <a href="/wiki/Script_(computer_programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Script (computer programming)">script</a>. The syntax is <a href="/wiki/Array_programming" title="Array programming">matrix</a>-based and provides various functions for matrix operations. It supports various <a href="/wiki/Data_structure" title="Data structure">data structures</a> and allows <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its syntax is very similar to MATLAB, and careful programming of a script will allow it to run on both Octave and MATLAB.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Octave is made available under the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a>, it may be freely changed, copied and used.<sup id="cite_ref-about_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program runs on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> and most <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_features">Notable features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command_and_variable_name_completion">Command and variable name completion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Command and variable name completion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typing a TAB character on the command line causes Octave to attempt to complete variable, function, and file names (similar to <a href="/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)" title="Bash (Unix shell)">Bash</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tab_completion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tab completion">tab completion</a>). Octave uses the text before the cursor as the initial portion of the name to complete.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command_history">Command history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Command history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When running interactively, Octave saves the commands typed in an internal buffer so that they can be recalled and edited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_structures">Data structures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Data structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octave includes a limited amount of support for organizing data in structures. In this example, we see a structure <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">x</span> with elements <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">a</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">b</span>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">c</span>, (an integer, an array, and a string, respectively): </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">octave</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">octave</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">ans</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">octave</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span> <span class="n">ans</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">octave</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="n">ans</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">octave</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">scalar</span> <span class="n">structure</span> <span class="n">containing</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">fields</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">string</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short-circuit_Boolean_operators">Short-circuit Boolean operators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Short-circuit Boolean operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octave's <code>&&</code> and <code>||</code> logical <a href="/wiki/Operator_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operator (programming)">operators</a> are evaluated in a <a href="/wiki/Short-circuit_evaluation" title="Short-circuit evaluation">short-circuit</a> fashion (like the corresponding operators in the <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> language), in contrast to the element-by-element operators <code>&</code> and <code>|</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Increment_and_decrement_operators">Increment and decrement operators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Increment and decrement operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Increment_and_decrement_operators" title="Increment and decrement operators">Increment and decrement operators</a></div> <p>Octave includes the C-like <a href="/wiki/Increment_and_decrement_operators" title="Increment and decrement operators">increment and decrement operators</a> <code>++</code> and <code>--</code> in both their prefix and postfix forms. Octave also does <a href="/wiki/Augmented_assignment" title="Augmented assignment">augmented assignment</a>, e.g. <code>x += 5</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unwind-protect">Unwind-protect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Unwind-protect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octave supports a limited form of <a href="/wiki/Exception_handling" title="Exception handling">exception handling</a> modelled after the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/s_unwind.htm"><code>unwind_protect</code></a> of <a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a>. The general form of an unwind_protect block looks like this: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">unwind_protect</span> <span class="n">body</span> <span class="k">unwind_protect_cleanup</span> <span class="n">cleanup</span> <span class="k">end_unwind_protect</span> </pre></div> <p>As a general rule, GNU Octave recognizes as termination of a given <code><i>block</i></code> either the keyword <code>end</code> (which is compatible with the MATLAB language) or a more specific keyword <code>end<i>block</i></code> or, in some cases, <code>end_<i>block</i></code>. As a consequence, an <code>unwind_protect</code> block can be terminated either with the keyword <code>end_unwind_protect</code> as in the example, or with the more portable keyword <code>end</code>. </p><p>The <i>cleanup</i> part of the block is always executed. In case an exception is raised by the <i>body</i> part, <i>cleanup</i> is executed immediately before propagating the exception outside the block <code>unwind_protect</code>. </p><p>GNU Octave also supports another form of exception handling (compatible with the MATLAB language): </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-matlab mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">try</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span> <span class="k">catch</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exception_handling</span> <span class="k">end</span> </pre></div> <p>This latter form differs from an <code>unwind_protect</code> block in two ways. First, <i>exception_handling</i> is only executed when an exception is raised by <i>body</i>. Second, after the execution of <i>exception_handling</i> the exception is not propagated outside the block (unless a <code>rethrow( lasterror )</code> statement is explicitly inserted within the <i>exception_handling</i> code). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variable-length_argument_lists">Variable-length argument lists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Variable-length argument lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octave has a mechanism for handling functions that take an unspecified number of arguments without explicit upper limit. To specify a list of zero or more arguments, use the special argument <code>varargin</code> as the last (or only) argument in the list. <code>varargin</code> is a cell array containing all the input arguments. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span>s<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">plus </span><span class="p">(</span>varargin<span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">nargin</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">varargin</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">plus</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">varargin</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">nargin</span><span class="p">});</span> <span class="k">end</span> <span class="k">end</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variable-length_return_lists">Variable-length return lists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Variable-length return lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A function can be set up to return any number of values by using the special return value <code>varargout</code>. For example: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span>varargout<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">multiassign </span><span class="p">(</span>data<span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">nargout</span> <span class="n">varargout</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">(:,</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="k">end</span> <span class="k">end</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C++_integration"><span id="C.2B.2B_integration"></span>C++ integration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: C++ integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is also possible to execute Octave code directly in a C++ program. For example, here is a code snippet for calling <code>rand([10,1])</code>: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cpp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf"><octave/oct.h></span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="n">ColumnVector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NumRands</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">NumRands</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">NumRands</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">octave_value_list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f_arg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f_ret</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">f_arg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">octave_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NumRands</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">f_ret</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">feval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"rand"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f_arg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">Matrix</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">unis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f_ret</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">matrix_value</span><span class="p">());</span> </pre></div> <p>C and C++ code can be integrated into GNU Octave by creating oct files, or using the MATLAB compatible <a href="/wiki/MEX_file" title="MEX file">MEX files</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="MATLAB_compatibility"><span class="anchor" id="MATLAB"></span> MATLAB compatibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: MATLAB compatibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octave has been built with MATLAB compatibility in mind, and shares many features with MATLAB: </p> <ol><li>Matrices as fundamental data type.</li> <li>Built-in support for complex numbers.</li> <li>Powerful built-in math functions and extensive function libraries.</li> <li>Extensibility in the form of user-defined functions.</li></ol> <p>Octave treats incompatibility with MATLAB as a <a href="/wiki/Bug_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug (software)">bug</a>; therefore, it could be considered a <a href="/wiki/Software_clone" class="mw-redirect" title="Software clone">software clone</a>, which does not infringe <a href="/wiki/Software_copyright" title="Software copyright">software copyright</a> as per <i><a href="/wiki/Lotus_v._Borland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus v. Borland">Lotus v. Borland</a></i> court case. </p><p>MATLAB scripts from the <a href="/wiki/MathWorks" title="MathWorks">MathWorks</a>' FileExchange repository in principle are compatible with Octave. However, while they are often provided and uploaded by users under an Octave <a href="/wiki/License_compatibility" title="License compatibility">compatible</a> and proper <a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">open source</a> <a href="/wiki/BSD_license" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD license">BSD license</a>, the FileExchange <a href="/wiki/EULA" class="mw-redirect" title="EULA">Terms of use</a> prohibit any usage beside MathWorks' <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> MATLAB.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntax_compatibility">Syntax compatibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Syntax compatibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a few purposeful, albeit minor, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://octave.org/wiki/index.php?title=FAQ#Porting_programs_from_Matlab_to_Octave">syntax additions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426060857/http://octave.org/wiki/index.php?title=FAQ#Porting_programs_from_Matlab_to_Octave">Archived</a> 2012-04-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Comment_(computer_programming)" title="Comment (computer programming)">Comment</a> lines can be prefixed with the # character as well as the % character;</li> <li>Various <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C-based</a> operators <a href="/wiki/Increment_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Increment operator">++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decrement_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Decrement operator">--</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augmented_assignment" title="Augmented assignment">+=</a>, *=, /= are supported;</li> <li>Elements can be referenced without creating a new variable by cascaded indexing, e.g. [1:10](3);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">Strings</a> can be defined with the double-quote " character as well as the single-quote ' character;</li> <li>When the variable type is <a href="/wiki/Single-precision_floating-point_format" title="Single-precision floating-point format">single</a> (a single-precision floating-point number), Octave calculates the "<a href="/wiki/Mean" title="Mean">mean</a>" in the single-domain (MATLAB in <a href="/wiki/Double-precision_floating-point_format" title="Double-precision floating-point format">double-domain</a>) which is faster but gives less accurate results;</li> <li>Blocks can also be terminated with more specific <a href="/wiki/Control_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Control structure">Control structure</a> keywords, i.e., endif, endfor, endwhile, etc.;</li> <li>Functions can be defined within scripts and at the Octave prompt;</li> <li>Presence of a do-until loop (similar to <a href="/wiki/Do_while_loop" title="Do while loop">do-while</a> in C).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Function_compatibility">Function compatibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Function compatibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many, but not all, of the numerous MATLAB functions are available in GNU Octave, some of them accessible through packages in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://octave.sourceforge.io">Octave Forge</a>. The functions available as part of either core Octave or Forge packages are listed <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://octave.sourceforge.io/list_functions.php?q=&sort=alphabetic">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314051049/https://octave.sourceforge.io/list_functions.php?q=&sort=alphabetic">Archived</a> 2024-03-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </p><p>A list of unavailable functions is included in the Octave function <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hg.savannah.gnu.org/hgweb/octave/file/tip/scripts/help/__unimplemented__.m"><code>__unimplemented.m__</code></a>. Unimplemented functions are also listed under many Octave Forge packages in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.octave.org/Category:Octave_Forge">Octave Wiki</a>. </p><p>When an unimplemented function is called the following error message is shown: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">octave</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">guide</span> <span class="nb">warning</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="s">'guide'</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="n">is</span> <span class="nb">not</span> <span class="n">yet</span> <span class="n">implemented</span> <span class="n">in</span> <span class="n">Octave</span> <span class="n">Please</span> <span class="n">read</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">http</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">www</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">octave</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">org</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">missing</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">learn</span> <span class="n">how</span> <span class="n">you</span> <span class="n">can</span> <span class="n">contribute</span> <span class="n">missing</span> <span class="n">functionality</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="nb">error</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'guide'</span> <span class="n">undefined</span> <span class="n">near</span> <span class="nb">line</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">column</span> <span class="mi">1</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="User_interfaces">User interfaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: User interfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octave comes with an official <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) and an <a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">integrated development environment</a> (IDE) based on <a href="/wiki/Qt_(software)" title="Qt (software)">Qt</a>. It has been available since Octave 3.8,<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has become the default interface (over the <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a>) with the release of Octave 4.0.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was well-received by an EDN contributor, who wrote "[Octave] now has a very workable GUI" in reviewing the then-new GUI in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several 3rd-party graphical front-ends have also been developed, like <a href="/wiki/Toolbox_(software)" title="Toolbox (software)">ToolboX</a> for coding education. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GUI_applications">GUI applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: GUI applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With Octave code, the user can create GUI applications. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://octave.org/doc/v7.1.0/GUI-Development.html">GUI Development (GNU Octave (version 7.1.0))</a>. Below are some examples: </p><p> Button, edit control, checkbox</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c"># create figure and panel on it</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">figure</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c"># create a button (default style)</span> <span class="n">b1</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">uicontrol</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"A Button"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"position"</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">150</span> <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">]);</span> <span class="c"># create an edit control</span> <span class="n">e1</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">uicontrol</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"style"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"edit"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"editable text"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"position"</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">60</span> <span class="mi">300</span> <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">]);</span> <span class="c"># create a checkbox</span> <span class="n">c1</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">uicontrol</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"style"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"checkbox"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"a checkbox"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"position"</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">120</span> <span class="mi">150</span> <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">]);</span> </pre></div><p>Textbox</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">prompt</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"Width"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Height"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Depth"</span><span class="p">};</span> <span class="n">defaults</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"1.10"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"2.20"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"3.30"</span><span class="p">};</span> <span class="n">rowscols</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="n">dims</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">inputdlg</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Enter Box Dimensions"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rowscols</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">defaults</span><span class="p">);</span> </pre></div><p>Listbox with message boxes.</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">my_options</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"An item"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"another"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"yet another"</span><span class="p">};</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">sel</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">listdlg</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"ListString"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">my_options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"SelectionMode"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Multiple"</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ok</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">msgbox</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"You selected:"</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">numel</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sel</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">msgbox</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">sprintf</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"\t%s"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">my_options</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">sel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)}));</span> <span class="k">endfor</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">msgbox</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"You cancelled."</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="k">endif</span> </pre></div><p>Radiobuttons</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c"># create figure and panel on it</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">figure</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c"># create a button group</span> <span class="n">gp</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">uibuttongroup</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Position"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="c"># create a buttons in the group</span> <span class="n">b1</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">uicontrol</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"style"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"radiobutton"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Choice 1"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Position"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">150</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span class="mi">50</span> <span class="p">]);</span> <span class="n">b2</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">uicontrol</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"style"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"radiobutton"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Choice 2"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Position"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">50</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="p">]);</span> <span class="c"># create a button not in the group</span> <span class="n">b3</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">uicontrol</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"style"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"radiobutton"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Not in the group"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">"Position"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">50</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span class="mi">50</span> <span class="p">]);</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Packages">Packages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Packages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octave also has many packages available. Those packages are located at Octave-Forge <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://octave.sourceforge.io/packages.php">Octave Forge - Packages</a>, or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gnu-octave.github.io/packages/symbolic">Github Octave Packages</a>. It is also possible for anyone to create and maintain packages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_other_similar_software">Comparison with other similar software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Comparison with other similar software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alternatives to GNU Octave under an <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">open source</a> license, other than the aforementioned MATLAB, include <a href="/wiki/Scilab" title="Scilab">Scilab</a> and <a href="/wiki/FreeMat" title="FreeMat">FreeMat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trappenberg2010_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trappenberg2010-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MuhammadZalizniak2011_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MuhammadZalizniak2011-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MegreyMoksness2008_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MegreyMoksness2008-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kapuno2008_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kapuno2008-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octave is more compatible with MATLAB than Scilab is,<sup id="cite_ref-Trappenberg2010_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trappenberg2010-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herman2013_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman2013-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WouwerSaucez2014_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WouwerSaucez2014-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and FreeMat has not been updated since June 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also the <a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia programming language</a> and its plotting capabilities has similarities with GNU Octave. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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packages">List of statistical packages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numerical_libraries" title="List of numerical libraries">List of numerical libraries</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GPL-3.0-or-later since 2007-10-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GPL-2.0-or-later from 1992-02-19 until 2007-10-11.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRik2015" class="citation web cs1">Rik (10 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hg.savannah.gnu.org/hgweb/octave/file/tip/doc/interpreter/contributors.in">"contributors.in"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=contributors.in&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft.au=Rik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhg.savannah.gnu.org%2Fhgweb%2Foctave%2Ffile%2Ftip%2Fdoc%2Finterpreter%2Fcontributors.in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kilikilikili-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kilikilikili_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/about">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Full-time development began in the Spring of 1992. The first alpha release was January 4, 1993, and version 1.0 was released February 17, 1994."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Full-time+development+began+in+the+Spring+of+1992.+The+first+alpha+release+was+January+4%2C+1993%2C+and+version+1.0+was+released+February+17%2C+1994.%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-20913339dd612c85fbae6c46cd0982b599a5b6e4-v18-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-20913339dd612c85fbae6c46cd0982b599a5b6e4-v18_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://octave.org/news/release/2025/02/07/octave-9.4.0-released.html">"GNU Octave 9.4.0 Released"</a>. 7 February 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNU+Octave+9.4.0+Released&rft.date=2025-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foctave.org%2Fnews%2Frelease%2F2025%2F02%2F07%2Foctave-9.4.0-released.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-octave_building-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-octave_building_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.octave.org/Building">"Building - Octave"</a>. <i>wiki.octave.org</i>. GNU<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.octave.org&rft.atitle=Building+-+Octave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.octave.org%2FBuilding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hg.savannah.gnu.org/hgweb/octave/file/4730becad0b1/libgui/languages">"Basque, Belarusian, Catalan, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Latvian, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Russian, Spanish, Turkish, Ukrainian"</a>. <i>hg.savannah.gnu.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hg.savannah.gnu.org&rft.atitle=Basque%2C+Belarusian%2C+Catalan%2C+Chinese%2C+Dutch%2C+English%2C+French%2C+German%2C+Hungarian%2C+Italian%2C+Japanese%2C+Latvian%2C+Portuguese+%28Brazil%29%2C+Portuguese+%28Portugal%29%2C+Russian%2C+Spanish%2C+Turkish%2C+Ukrainian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhg.savannah.gnu.org%2Fhgweb%2Foctave%2Ffile%2F4730becad0b1%2Flibgui%2Flanguages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Octave_about-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Octave_about_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/about.html">"About GNU Octave"</a>. <i>www.gnu.org</i>. GNU<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gnu.org&rft.atitle=About+GNU+Octave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://octave.org/news/release/2024/06/07/octave-9.2.0-released.html">"Octave 9.2.0 Released"</a>. <i>octave.org</i>. 2024-06-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=octave.org&rft.atitle=Octave+9.2.0+Released&rft.date=2024-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foctave.org%2Fnews%2Frelease%2F2024%2F06%2F07%2Foctave-9.2.0-released.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEaton" class="citation web cs1">Eaton, John W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/about.html">"About Octave"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Octave&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=John+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-1.html">"GNU Octave Version 1"</a>. <i>www.gnu.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gnu.org&rft.atitle=GNU+Octave+Version+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2FNEWS-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-2.html">"GNU Octave Version 2"</a>. <i>www.gnu.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gnu.org&rft.atitle=GNU+Octave+Version+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2FNEWS-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.html">"GNU Octave Version 3"</a>. <i>www.gnu.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gnu.org&rft.atitle=GNU+Octave+Version+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2FNEWS-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-4.0.html">"GNU Octave Version 4.0"</a>. <i>www.gnu.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gnu.org&rft.atitle=GNU+Octave+Version+4.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2FNEWS-4.0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2015/05/29/octave-4.0.0-released.html">"GNU Octave 4.0.0 Released"</a>. <i>www.gnu.org</i>. 29 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gnu.org&rft.atitle=GNU+Octave+4.0.0+Released&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2Fnews%2Frelease%2F2015%2F05%2F29%2Foctave-4.0.0-released.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2016/03/23/octave-4.0.1-released.html">"GNU Octave 4.0.1 Released"</a>. <i>www.gnu.org</i>. 23 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gnu.org&rft.atitle=GNU+Octave+4.0.1+Released&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2Fnews%2Frelease%2F2016%2F03%2F23%2Foctave-4.0.1-released.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2016/07/02/octave-4.0.3-released.html">"GNU Octave 4.0.3 Released"</a>. <i>www.gnu.org</i>. 2 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gnu.org&rft.atitle=GNU+Octave+4.0.3+Released&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2Fnews%2Frelease%2F2016%2F07%2F02%2Foctave-4.0.3-released.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-5.1.html">"GNU Octave Version 5"</a>. <i>www.gnu.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gnu.org&rft.atitle=GNU+Octave+Version+5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Foctave%2FNEWS-5.1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2020/11/26/octave-6.1.0-released.html">"GNU Octave 6.1.0 Released"</a>. <i>www.gnu.org</i>. 26 November 2020.</cite><span 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Oxford University Press. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-956841-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-956841-3"><bdi>978-0-19-956841-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Computational+Neuroscience&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-956841-3&rft.aulast=Trappenberg&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MuhammadZalizniak2011-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MuhammadZalizniak2011_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuhammadZalizniak2011" class="citation book cs1">Muhammad, A; Zalizniak, V (2011). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/practicalscienti00muha"><i>Practical Scientific Computing</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Woodhead_Publishing" title="Woodhead Publishing">Woodhead Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/practicalscienti00muha/page/n11">3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85709-226-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85709-226-7"><bdi>978-0-85709-226-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Scientific+Computing&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Woodhead+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-85709-226-7&rft.aulast=Muhammad&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Zalizniak%2C+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpracticalscienti00muha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MegreyMoksness2008-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MegreyMoksness2008_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMegreyMoksness2008" class="citation book cs1">Megrey, Bernard A.; Moksness, Erlend (2008). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/computersfisheri00megr"><i>Computers in Fisheries Research</i></a></span>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/computersfisheri00megr/page/n351">345</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-8636-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-8636-6"><bdi>978-1-4020-8636-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computers+in+Fisheries+Research&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-8636-6&rft.aulast=Megrey&rft.aufirst=Bernard+A.&rft.au=Moksness%2C+Erlend&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomputersfisheri00megr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kapuno2008-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kapuno2008_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKapuno2008" class="citation book cs1">Kapuno, Raul Raymond (2008). <i>Programming for Chemical Engineers Using C, C++, and MATLAB</i>. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 365. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934015-09-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934015-09-4"><bdi>978-1-934015-09-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Programming+for+Chemical+Engineers+Using+C%2C+C%2B%2B%2C+and+MATLAB&rft.pages=365&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-934015-09-4&rft.aulast=Kapuno&rft.aufirst=Raul+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herman2013-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herman2013_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerman2013" class="citation book cs1">Herman, Russell L. (2013). <i>A Course in Mathematical Methods for Physicists</i>. CRC Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-8467-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-8467-9"><bdi>978-1-4665-8467-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Course+in+Mathematical+Methods+for+Physicists&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4665-8467-9&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=Russell+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WouwerSaucez2014-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WouwerSaucez2014_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWouwerSaucezVilas2014" class="citation book cs1">Wouwer, Alain Vande; Saucez, Philippe; Vilas, Carlos (2014). <i>Simulation of ODE/PDE Models with MATLAB, Octave and Scilab: Scientific and Engineering Applications</i>. Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">114–</span>115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-06790-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-06790-2"><bdi>978-3-319-06790-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simulation+of+ODE%2FPDE+Models+with+MATLAB%2C+Octave+and+Scilab%3A+Scientific+and+Engineering+Applications&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E114-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-319-06790-2&rft.aulast=Wouwer&rft.aufirst=Alain+Vande&rft.au=Saucez%2C+Philippe&rft.au=Vilas%2C+Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemat.sourceforge.net/">"FreeMat"</a>. <i>freemat.sourceforge.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freemat.sourceforge.net&rft.atitle=FreeMat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreemat.sourceforge.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHansen2011" class="citation cs1">Hansen, Jesper Schmidt (June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.packtpub.com/gnu-octave-beginners-guide/book"><i>GNU Octave. Beginner's Guide</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Packt_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Packt Publishing">Packt Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-849-51332-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-849-51332-6"><bdi>978-1-849-51332-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GNU+Octave.+Beginner%27s+Guide&rft.pub=Packt+Publishing&rft.date=2011-06&rft.isbn=978-1-849-51332-6&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Jesper+Schmidt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.packtpub.com%2Fgnu-octave-beginners-guide%2Fbook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNU+Octave" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 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title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glibc" title="Glibc">glibc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)" title="Bash (Unix shell)">Bash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Core_Utilities" title="GNU Core Utilities">coreutils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Find_Utilities" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU Find Utilities">findutils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Autotools" title="GNU Autotools">Build system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Binutils" title="GNU Binutils">binutils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">GDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_GRUB" title="GNU GRUB">GRUB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNUstep" title="GNUstep">GNUstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami_(software)" title="Jami (software)">Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Emacs" title="GNU Emacs">GNU Emacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_TeXmacs" title="GNU TeXmacs">GNU TeXmacs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Taler" title="GNU Taler">GNU Taler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">GNU R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Scientific_Library" title="GNU Scientific Library">GSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Multiple_Precision_Arithmetic_Library" title="GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library">GMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_(software)" title="Electric (software)">GNU Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Archimedes" title="GNU Archimedes">GNU Archimedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNUnet" title="GNUnet">GNUnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard" title="GNU Privacy Guard">GNU Privacy Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnuzilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnuzilla">Gnuzilla</a> (<a href="/wiki/GNU_IceCat" title="GNU IceCat">IceCat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Health" title="GNU Health">GNU Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNUmed" title="GNUmed">GNUmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LilyPond" title="LilyPond">GNU LilyPond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Go" title="GNU Go">GNU Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Chess" title="GNU Chess">GNU Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnash_(software)" title="Gnash (software)">Gnash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Guix" title="GNU Guix">Guix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GNU_packages" title="List of GNU packages"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contributors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mako_Hill" title="Benjamin Mako Hill">Benjamin Mako Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_M._Kuhn" title="Bradley M. Kuhn">Bradley M. Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Fox_(programmer)" title="Brian Fox (programmer)">Brian Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Heinz" class="mw-redirect" title="Federico Heinz">Federico Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Sullivan" title="William John Sullivan">John Sullivan</a></li> <li>Nagarjuna G.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard M. Stallman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux_naming_controversy" title="GNU/Linux naming controversy">GNU/Linux naming controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_anti-Windows_campaigns" title="Free Software Foundation anti-Windows campaigns">Free Software Foundation anti-Windows campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defective_by_Design" title="Defective by Design">Defective by Design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Numerical-analysis_software146" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Numerical_analysis_software" title="Template:Numerical analysis software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Numerical_analysis_software" title="Template talk:Numerical analysis software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Numerical_analysis_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Numerical analysis software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Numerical-analysis_software146" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_numerical-analysis_software" title="List of numerical-analysis software">Numerical-analysis software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Simulation_Library" title="Advanced Simulation Library">Advanced Simulation Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADMB" title="ADMB">ADMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_(programming_language)" title="Chapel (programming language)">Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euler_Mathematical_Toolbox" title="Euler Mathematical Toolbox">Euler Mathematical Toolbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeFem%2B%2B" title="FreeFem++">FreeFem++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeMat" title="FreeMat">FreeMat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(mathematics_software)" title="Genius (mathematics software)">Genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmsh" title="Gmsh">Gmsh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretl" title="Gretl">gretl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Jupyter" title="Project Jupyter">Jupyter</a> (<i>Ju</i>lia, <i>Pyt</i>hon, <i>R</i>; <a href="/wiki/IPython" title="IPython">IPython</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MFEM" title="MFEM">MFEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenFOAM" title="OpenFOAM">OpenFOAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SageMath" title="SageMath">SageMath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(software)" title="Salome (software)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScicosLab" title="ScicosLab">ScicosLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scilab" title="Scilab">Scilab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X10_(programming_language)" title="X10 (programming language)">X10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weka_(software)" title="Weka (software)">Weka</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Discontinued12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_(programming_language)" title="Fortress (programming language)">Fortress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DADiSP" title="DADiSP">DADiSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FEATool_Multiphysics" title="FEATool Multiphysics">FEATool Multiphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAUSS_(software)" title="GAUSS (software)">GAUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LabVIEW" title="LabVIEW">LabVIEW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_(software)" title="Maple (software)">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcad" title="Mathcad">Mathcad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Mathematica" title="Wolfram Mathematica">Mathematica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy_(computational_environment)" title="Speakeasy (computational environment)">Speakeasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisSim" title="VisSim">VisSim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_numerical-analysis_software" title="Comparison of numerical-analysis software">Comparison</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Statistical_software284" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Statistical_software" title="Template:Statistical software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Statistical_software" 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title="X-12-ARIMA">X-12-ARIMA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADMB" title="ADMB">ADMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAP_(software)" title="DAP (software)">DAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretl" title="Gretl">gretl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamovi" title="Jamovi">jamovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASP" title="JASP">JASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_another_Gibbs_sampler" title="Just another Gibbs sampler">JAGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMulTi" title="JMulTi">JMulTi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Jupyter" title="Project Jupyter">Jupyter</a> (<i>Ju</i>lia, <i>Py</i>thon, <i>R</i>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenBUGS" title="OpenBUGS">OpenBUGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(software)" title="Orange (software)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSPP" title="PSPP">PSPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> (statsmodels, <a href="/wiki/PyMC3" class="mw-redirect" title="PyMC3">PyMC3</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPython" title="IPython">IPython</a>, <a href="/wiki/IDLE" title="IDLE">IDLE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a> (<a href="/wiki/RStudio" title="RStudio">RStudio</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SageMath" title="SageMath">SageMath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SimFiT" title="SimFiT">SimFiT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOFA_Statistics" title="SOFA Statistics">SOFA Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_(software)" title="Stan (software)">Stan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLispStat" title="XLispStat">XLispStat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">Freeware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BV4.1_(software)" title="BV4.1 (software)">BV4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CumFreq" title="CumFreq">CumFreq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SegReg" title="SegReg">SegReg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XploRe" title="XploRe">XploRe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinBUGS" title="WinBUGS">WinBUGS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">Commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_Desk" title="Data Desk">Data Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAUSS_(software)" title="GAUSS (software)">GAUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphPad_InStat" class="mw-redirect" title="GraphPad InStat">GraphPad InStat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphPad_Prism" class="mw-redirect" title="GraphPad Prism">GraphPad Prism</a></li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/SPSS" title="SPSS">SPSS</a> Statistics</li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/SPSS_Modeler" title="SPSS Modeler">SPSS Modeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMP_(statistical_software)" title="JMP (statistical software)">JMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_(software)" title="Maple (software)">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcad" title="Mathcad">Mathcad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Mathematica" title="Wolfram Mathematica">Mathematica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OxMetrics" title="OxMetrics">OxMetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RATS_(software)" title="RATS (software)">RATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Analytics" title="Revolution Analytics">Revolution Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAS_(software)" title="SAS (software)">SAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartPLS" title="SmartPLS">SmartPLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stata" title="Stata">Stata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StatView" title="StatView">StatView</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDAAN" title="SUDAAN">SUDAAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-PLUS" title="S-PLUS">S-PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSP_(econometrics_software)" title="TSP (econometrics software)">TSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Programming_System" title="World Programming System">World Programming System</a> (WPS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMDP" title="BMDP">BMDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EViews" title="EViews">EViews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genstat" title="Genstat">GenStat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIMDEP" title="LIMDEP">LIMDEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISREL" title="LISREL">LISREL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedCalc" title="MedCalc">MedCalc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfit" title="Microfit">Microfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minitab" title="Minitab">Minitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLwiN" title="MLwiN">MLwiN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCSS_(statistical_software)" title="NCSS (statistical software)">NCSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(econometrics_software)" title="Shazam (econometrics software)">Shazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SigmaStat" title="SigmaStat">SigmaStat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistica" title="Statistica">Statistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StatsDirect" title="StatsDirect">StatsDirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StatXact" title="StatXact">StatXact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SYSTAT_(statistics_package)" title="SYSTAT (statistics package)">SYSTAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unscrambler" title="The Unscrambler">The Unscrambler</a></li> <li>Unistat</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a> add-ons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analyse-it" title="Analyse-it">Analyse-it</a></li> <li>Unistat for Excel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLfit" title="XLfit">XLfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RExcel" title="RExcel">RExcel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_statistical_packages" title="Comparison of statistical packages">Comparison</a></b> • <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Statistical_software" title="Category:Statistical software">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Image_processing_software87" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Image_processing_software" title="Template:Image processing software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Image_processing_software" title="Template talk:Image processing software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Image_processing_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Image processing software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Image_processing_software87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Image_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Image processing">Image processing</a> software</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_Slicer" title="3D Slicer">3D Slicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analysis_of_Functional_NeuroImages" title="Analysis of Functional NeuroImages">AFNI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CellCognition" title="CellCognition">CellCognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CellProfiler" title="CellProfiler">CellProfiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dlib" title="Dlib">Dlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endrov" title="Endrov">Endrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji_(software)" title="Fiji (software)">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMRIB_Software_Library" title="FMRIB Software Library">FMRIB Software Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeSurfer" title="FreeSurfer">FreeSurfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GemIdent" title="GemIdent">GemIdent</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilastik" title="Ilastik">ilastik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageJ" title="ImageJ">ImageJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMOD_(software)" title="IMOD (software)">IMOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insight_Segmentation_and_Registration_Toolkit" title="Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit">ITK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InVesalius" title="InVesalius">InVesalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITK-SNAP" title="ITK-SNAP">ITK-SNAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNIME" title="KNIME">KNIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_(software)" title="Mango (software)">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCV" title="OpenCV">OpenCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OsiriX" title="OsiriX">OsiriX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIGRA" title="VIGRA">VIGRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXL" title="VXL">VXL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amira_(software)" title="Amira (software)">Amira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analyze_(imaging_software)" title="Analyze (imaging software)">Analyze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphelion_(software)" title="Aphelion (software)">Aphelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avizo_(software)" title="Avizo (software)">Avizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitplane" title="Bitplane">Bitplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDL_(programming_language)" title="IDL (programming language)">IDL</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Mathematica" title="Wolfram Mathematica">Mathematica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialise_Mimics" title="Materialise Mimics">Mimics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MountainsMap" title="MountainsMap">MountainsMap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomviz" title="Tomviz">Tomviz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visage_SDK" title="Visage SDK">Visage SDK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_and_open-source_software510" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FOSS" title="Template:FOSS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FOSS" title="Template talk:FOSS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FOSS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FOSS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_and_open-source_software510" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_terms_for_free_software" title="Alternative terms for free software">Alternative terms for free software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_and_closed-source_software" title="Comparison of open-source and closed-source software">Comparison of open-source and closed-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_source-code-hosting_facilities" title="Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities">Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_software_project_directories" title="List of free software project directories">Free software project directories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">Gratis versus libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">Long-term support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_development" title="Open-source software development">Open-source software development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_free_software" title="Outline of free software">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="Timeline of free and open-source software">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages" title="List of free and open-source software packages">Software<br />packages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_free_software_for_audio" title="Comparison of free software for audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_bioinformatics_software" title="List of open-source bioinformatics software">Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_codecs" title="List of open-source codecs">Codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_configuration_management_software" title="Comparison of open-source configuration management software">Configuration management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">Drivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers" title="Comparison of open-source wireless drivers">Wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_health_software" title="List of open-source health software">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics" title="List of open-source software for mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_office_suites" title="List of office suites">Office suites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_operating_systems" title="Comparison of open-source operating systems">Operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_routing_platforms" title="List of open-source routing platforms">Routing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_television_software" title="List of free television software">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_video_games" title="List of open-source video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_web_applications" title="List of free and open-source web applications">Web applications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_shopping_cart_software" title="Comparison of shopping cart software">E-commerce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_Android_applications" title="List of free and open-source Android applications">Android apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_iOS_applications" title="List of free and open-source iOS applications">iOS apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercial_open-source_applications_and_services" title="List of commercial open-source applications and services">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formerly_proprietary_software" title="List of formerly proprietary software">Formerly proprietary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formerly_free_and_open-source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of formerly free and open-source software">Formerly open-source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="History of free and open-source software">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source-software_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source-software movement">Open-source-software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-software_events" title="List of free-software events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_advocacy" title="Open-source software advocacy">Advocacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_organizations" title="List of free and open-source software organizations">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Movement_of_India" title="Free Software Movement of India">Free Software Movement of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free-software_license" title="Free-software license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Free_License" title="Academic Free License">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_License" title="Apple Public Source License">APSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_License" title="Artistic License">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerware" title="Beerware">Beerware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_License" title="Common Development and Distribution License">CDDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Public_License" title="Eclipse Public License">EPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU GPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero_General_Public_License" title="GNU Affero General Public License">GNU AGPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU LGPL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISC_license" title="ISC license">ISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License" title="Mozilla Public License">MPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_License" title="Python License">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_Software_Foundation_License" title="Python Software Foundation License">Python Software Foundation License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepycat_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleepycat License">Sleepycat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlicense" title="Unlicense">Unlicense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTFPL" title="WTFPL">WTFPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlib_License" title="Zlib License">zlib</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Types_and_standards23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and<br /> standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_free_and_open-source_software_licenses" title="Comparison of free and open-source software licenses">Comparison of licenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributor_License_Agreement" title="Contributor License Agreement">Contributor License Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Definition of Free Cultural Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_license" title="Free license">Free license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">The Free Software Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">The Open Source Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Open-source license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permissive_software_license" title="Permissive software license">Permissive software license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Challenges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/License_proliferation" title="License proliferation">License proliferation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_software_rebranded_by_Debian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla software rebranded by Debian">Mozilla software rebranding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_device_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary device driver">Proprietary device drivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_firmware" title="Proprietary firmware">Proprietary firmware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO/Linux controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_patents_and_free_software" title="Software patents and free software">Software patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_security" title="Open-source software security">Software security</a></li> <li><a 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