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<span>Textiles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Textiles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Textiles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Textiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evidence_for_textile_production_at_Caracol,_Belize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evidence_for_textile_production_at_Caracol,_Belize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Evidence for textile production at Caracol, Belize</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evidence_for_textile_production_at_Caracol,_Belize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Child_bearing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Child_bearing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Child bearing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Child_bearing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intermarriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intermarriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Intermarriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intermarriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> Ancient <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> women had an important role in <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a>: beyond propagating the <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> through bearing and raising children, Maya women participated in economic, governmental, and farming activities. The lives of women in ancient <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a> are not well documented: "Of the three elite founding area tombs discovered to date within the <a href="/wiki/Cop%C3%A1n" title="Copán">Copan Acropolis</a>, two contain the remains of women, and yet there is not a single reference to a woman in either known contemporary texts or later retrospective accounts of Early Classic events and personages at Copan," writes a scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-bell2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bell2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women play a significant role in rituals, cooking food for consumption and sacrifice. Whether women participated in said rituals is unknown. Women also worked on all of the <a href="/wiki/Maya_textiles" title="Maya textiles">textiles</a>, an essential resource, and product for Maya society. </p><p>The status of women in Maya society can be inferred from their burials and textual and monumental history. Maya societies include <a href="/wiki/Tonin%C3%A1" title="Toniná">Toniná</a>, a city that developed a <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineal</a> system of hereditary descent after the reign and death of the powerful leader, Lady Kʼawil. She had assumed the mantle of power after the failure of the two male leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-ayalafalcon2002_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ayalafalcon2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lady Kʼawil's reign is documented in murals that depict her seated on a <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a> with captives at her feet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food">Food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Maya_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya cuisine">Maya cuisine</a> has been well documented. Techniques implemented by <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a> Mayan societies include large-scale agricultural production, hunting, and foraging. The <a href="/wiki/Milpa" title="Milpa">milpa</a> growing system provided the essential staples of the Mayan diet: corn, beans, and squash. They also have a small variety of rice called <a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">quinoa</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The leading role of <a href="/wiki/Maya_moon_goddess" title="Maya moon goddess">the Moon goddess</a> may be interpreted through her depiction in the <a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codices</a> and ancient murals. Another often depicted goddess is <a href="/wiki/Ixchel" title="Ixchel">Ixchel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textiles</a> were a central aspect of ancient Mayan life, and while it is not known whether all women produced textiles, those that were produced were created by women. Women used different objects in the spinning and weaving processes depending on their <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">social class</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Noble women</a> could use <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dye</a> in textiles. Craft and fiber evidence from the city of Ceren, which was buried by <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">volcanic ash</a> in 600 C.E., indicates that by that time, women's textile work was considered art, not simply crafts woven for a specific household purpose. The creation of the works of art suggests there was a market for them. Women held power in their ability to work thread and to create something that represented value.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women's_role_in_rituals"><span id="Women.27s_role_in_rituals"></span>Women's role in rituals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Women's role in rituals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The social, and political rank of ancient Maya women is increasingly debated in <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archeological</a> studies into the role of gender. To date, lines of evidence are based chiefly on an investigation of <a href="/wiki/Material_culture" title="Material culture">material culture</a> (e.g. monumental sculpture and iconography, ceramic art), use of space (residential architecture and activity analysis, and, to a lesser extent, mortuary data). The principle of <a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_compatibility#Complementarity" title="Interpersonal compatibility">complementarity</a>, i.e. that men and women played separate, but equally important, roles in society, is found in many studies that define an ideological basis for various expressions of female power, including male/female pairings and gender combination. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> of the Classic period public monuments which represent elites it could be argued that although women are seen as parts of male history in the texts of monuments depicting the lives of rulers, the images on the same monuments do not dwell on sexual characteristics. Males and females are identifiable only by their clothing and decoration, which shows a 'unified elite identity', in which male/female pairs are dichotomous. <a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a>, inscriptions, and texts also provide evidence of complementarity via the authority elite women gave to ruling lineages often through marriage alliances outside their natal homelands. </p><p>Food in the culture also serves as a determinant of status and as a metaphor. The processes of producing, distributing, and consuming food, as in all cultures, reflect their prevailing norms. In this instance, it can be inferred as a source of power for ancient Mayan women. Although it is believed that elite women controlled food used in rituals, analysis of diet from a variety of sites at different periods indicates that women ate less valued food than their male counterparts. By contrast, non-elite women appear to have shared the same food with men. This finding may suggest that: women did not participate in ritual consumption of food in the same way or to the same extent that men did; or that food consumption was associated with gender identity. Preferential access to ritual food by males ceases after the Spanish conquest but males continued to have more carnivorous diets. This phenomenon could be caused by the conversion of public rituals to private or the assimilation of Spanish gender values, or the underlying ideology that is maintained in gender dietary differences. Virtually all rituals involved feasting and women were in charge of the preparation of food and drink used as offerings and for consumption, as well as providing offerings of cloth (see below). Feasts and rituals were visible and significant means used by competing Maya elites to demonstrate their status. Whether or not women were active participants does not belie the social, symbolic, and political meaning of their contribution <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the ideological basis for high female status, women exercised agency through their labor during the historic period. The labor of women was very important, both socially and economically but their participation in public rituals was limited; because of the potential ethnocentric and geographic bias. There may have been temporal and/or regional differences in the degree of female participation in ritual.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gender_roles">Gender roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gender roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Men and women performed differing tasks: "Males produce[d] food by agricultural labor, and helped women make babies but females process[ed] the products of <a href="/wiki/Field_(agriculture)" title="Field (agriculture)">the field</a> to make them edible."<sup id="cite_ref-josserand2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-josserand2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to raising deer when necessary, women had religious responsibilities related to household rituals. Women held important daily roles in this aspect of life. While young boys were being taught hunting skills, "the girl was trained in the household, and she was taught how to keep the domestic religious <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrines</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-sigal2000_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sigal2000-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women were associated with the ritual practice of <a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">religion</a>, as well as the beliefs themselves. The <a href="/wiki/Maya_moon_goddess" title="Maya moon goddess">Moon Goddess</a> is one of the most <a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_gods_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Maya gods and supernatural beings">prominent gods</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(religion)" title="Pantheon (religion)">the Maya pantheon</a>. Through her relations with the other gods, she produced the Maya population. <a href="/wiki/Maya_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya rulers">The local rulers</a> claimed descent from the Moon Goddess. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6Cob%C3%A1_-_Village_Mayan%27s_women_Souvenir_makers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/6Cob%C3%A1_-_Village_Mayan%27s_women_Souvenir_makers.JPG/168px-6Cob%C3%A1_-_Village_Mayan%27s_women_Souvenir_makers.JPG" decoding="async" width="168" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/6Cob%C3%A1_-_Village_Mayan%27s_women_Souvenir_makers.JPG/252px-6Cob%C3%A1_-_Village_Mayan%27s_women_Souvenir_makers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/6Cob%C3%A1_-_Village_Mayan%27s_women_Souvenir_makers.JPG/336px-6Cob%C3%A1_-_Village_Mayan%27s_women_Souvenir_makers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A Maya souvenir maker</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a> in ancient Maya art is ambiguous.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. In some images of their <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir</a> recognition, this duality is explicit: there is a male figure on one side of the newly anointed, and a <a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">female figure</a> on the other side. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Textiles">Textiles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Textiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prevalence of females in rituals reflects the importance of women to the Maya social structure during the Classic period (AD 250– AD 900). Women were the primary weavers of textiles, which formed a major part of any ancient Mesoamerican economy. Based on ethnohistory and iconography, the Maya were huge producers of material for both internal and external use. However, the archaeological classification of textile production is complicated in any tropical region because of issues of conservation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evidence_for_textile_production_at_Caracol,_Belize"><span id="Evidence_for_textile_production_at_Caracol.2C_Belize"></span>Evidence for textile production at Caracol, Belize</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Evidence for textile production at Caracol, Belize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The evidence for the production and distribution of cloth that is found in the pre-Columbian Maya area and a large contributing site of archaeological data relative to textiles from the ancient Maya is in the city of <a href="/wiki/Caracol" title="Caracol">Caracol</a>, Belize. Archaeology at Caracol has been carried out annually from 1985 to the present and has resulted in the collection of data that permits insight into the economic production and social distribution of cloth at the site. This is accomplished by examining the contexts and distributions of spindle whorls, bone needles, bone pins and hairpins, bone awls, and limestone bars. All of these artifacts can be related to weaving, netting, or cloth in some way.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Spindle_whorl" title="Spindle whorl">Spindle whorls</a> are the artifacts most clearly associated with textile production. At least 57 have been recovered at Caracol, 38 of them in 20 different burials. Several of these interments are of high-status women placed in the most important architectural constructions at the site. The contextual placement of these burials stresses not only the link between women and weaving but also the high status associated with such activity, thus signaling the importance of cloth and spinning in ancient Maya society.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Child_bearing">Child bearing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Child bearing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bearing and rearing children was an integral part of society. The <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a> and power associated with the ability to create life was one which men tried to emulate. Men participated in <a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">bloodletting</a> their genitals to create something new from their <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gustafson2002_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gustafson2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of giving birth to live, they would give birth to new eras through the symbolic gesture of <a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">menstruation</a>. This act was highly ritualized; the objects used to pierce the skin were "<a href="/wiki/Stingray" title="Stingray">stingray</a> spines, <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a> blades, or other sharp instruments."<sup id="cite_ref-gustafson2002_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gustafson2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blood was allowed to drip on cloth, which was burned as part of the ritual. </p><p>A medical study found that Mexican Mayan women have the lowest symptoms of menopause reported along with Greek peasant women.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A medical study found that Mayan girls entered into menarche at around 15.1 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intermarriage">Intermarriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Intermarriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In East Central <a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a> some of the Mayans are descended from the intermarriage between Mayan women and Chinese migrants. These descendents are discriminated against by some native people, although they are accepted in general.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mestizos and Mayans married Chinese without restraint.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Belize" title="Ethnic Chinese in Belize">Chinese men</a> arrived in <a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>) as <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured workers</a>, but many escaped upon arrival, running away to Santa Cruz. They married Mayan women and had children.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>African, East Indian, European, and Chinese men all intermarried with native Maya Indian women in British Honduras.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_rulers_in_Maya_society" title="Women rulers in Maya society">Women rulers in Maya society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_I" title="Goddess I">Goddess I</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bell2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bell2002_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bell, E. E. “Engendering a Dynasty: A Royal Woman in the Margarita Tomb, Copan,” In <i>Ancient Maya Women</i>, ed. Traci Ardren. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ayalafalcon2002-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ayalafalcon2002_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayala Falcon, M. “Lady Kʼawil, Goddess O, and Maya Warfare," In <i>Ancient Maya Women</i>, ed. Traci Ardren. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin, C. “Gender, farming, and long-term change: Maya Historical and Archaeological perspectives,” In <i>Current Anthropology</i>, Wenner-Gren, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, C. “Gendered Food Behavior among the Maya,” In the <i>Journal of Social Archaeology</i>, Sage Journals, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-josserand2002-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-josserand2002_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josserand, J. K. <i>Women in Classic Maya Hieroglyphic Texts</i>. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sigal2000-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sigal2000_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sigal, P. <i>From Moon Goddesses to Virgins: The Colonization of Yucatecan Maya Sexual Desire.</i> Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chase, A. and Chase, D. “Textiles and the Maya Archaeological Record,” In <i>Ancient Mesoamerica</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gustafson2002-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gustafson2002_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gustafson2002_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gustafson, L. S. “Mother/Father Kings,” In <i>Ancient Maya Gender Identity and Relations</i>, ed. Lowell S. Gustafson and Amelia M. 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Westport: Bergin & Garvey, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVicki_KotsirilosLuis_VitettaAvni_Sali2011" class="citation book cs1">Vicki Kotsirilos; Luis Vitetta; Avni Sali (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISZY-PQv_ggC&q=chinese+mayan+women&pg=PA591"><i>A Guide to Evidence-based Integrative and Complementary Medicine</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 591. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0729539081" title="Special:BookSources/978-0729539081"><bdi>978-0729539081</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Electric+Journal%2C+Volume+29&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Westinghouse+Club&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzuHmAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dmayan%2Bgirls%2Bchinese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_William_Francis_Gann1972" class="citation book cs1">Thomas William Francis Gann (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5eESAQAAIAAJ&q=chinese+marry+mayan+women"><i>Ancient cities and modern tribes: exploration and adventure in Maya lands</i></a> (reprint, illustrated ed.). Ayer Co Pub. p. 247<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+cities+and+modern+tribes%3A+exploration+and+adventure+in+Maya+lands&rft.pages=247&rft.edition=reprint%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=Ayer+Co+Pub&rft.date=1972&rft.au=Thomas+William+Francis+Gann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5eESAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarry%2Bmayan%2Bwomen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_William_Francis_Gann1918" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Thomas William Francis Gann (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BeY_AAAAYAAJ&q=chinese+marry+mayan+women&pg=PA32"><i>The Maya Indians of Southern Yucatan and Northern British Honduras, Volume 572, Issue 64</i></a>. Native American legal materials collection. Vol. 6 of Human relations area files: Yucatec Maya. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 32<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maya+Indians+of+Southern+Yucatan+and+Northern+British+Honduras%2C+Volume+572%2C+Issue+64&rft.series=Native+American+legal+materials+collection&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1918&rft.au=Thomas+William+Francis+Gann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBeY_AAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarry%2Bmayan%2Bwomen%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Ganns2001" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Ganns (2001). Terry Rugeley (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dildxZvRwxQC&q=chinese+married+mayan+women+indian&pg=PA175"><i>Maya Wars: Ethnographic Accounts from Nineteenth-century Yucatán</i></a> (illustrated ed.). University of Oklahoma Press. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0806133554" title="Special:BookSources/0806133554"><bdi>0806133554</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maya+Wars%3A+Ethnographic+Accounts+from+Nineteenth-century+Yucat%C3%A1n&rft.pages=175&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0806133554&rft.au=Thomas+Ganns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdildxZvRwxQC%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarried%2Bmayan%2Bwomen%2Bindian%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoan_Aldous1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Joan Aldous (1974). Nancy Dahl (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uMXoRsTt6ioC&q=chinese+marry+mayan+women&pg=PA206"><i>International bibliography of research in marriage and the family: 1965-1972</i></a>. Vol. 2 of International Bibliography of Research in Marriage and the Family. U of Minnesota Press. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1452910375" title="Special:BookSources/1452910375"><bdi>1452910375</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+bibliography+of+research+in+marriage+and+the+family%3A+1965-1972&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=1452910375&rft.au=Joan+Aldous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuMXoRsTt6ioC%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarry%2Bmayan%2Bwomen%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruhns,_Karen_OlsenKaren_E._Stothert1999" class="citation book cs1">Bruhns, Karen Olsen; Karen E. Stothert (1999). <i>Women in Ancient America</i>. Norman: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-3169-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-3169-1"><bdi>0-8061-3169-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41540119">41540119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Ancient+America&rft.place=Norman&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41540119&rft.isbn=0-8061-3169-1&rft.au=Bruhns%2C+Karen+Olsen&rft.au=Karen+E.+Stothert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Carey_Jr.2013" class="citation book cs1">David Carey Jr. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sRVLxR2XzLYC&q=mayan+girls&pg=PA178"><i>Engendering Mayan History: Kaqchikel Women as Agents and Conduits of the Past, 1875-1970</i></a>. Routledge. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135394431" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135394431"><bdi>978-1135394431</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engendering+Mayan+History%3A+Kaqchikel+Women+as+Agents+and+Conduits+of+the+Past%2C+1875-1970&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1135394431&rft.au=David+Carey+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsRVLxR2XzLYC%26q%3Dmayan%2Bgirls%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_CatinoKelly_Kay_HallmanMarta_Julia_RuizPopulation_Council2005" class="citation book cs1">Jennifer Catino; Kelly Kay Hallman; Marta Julia Ruiz; Population Council (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pk-cNwAACAAJ&q=mayan+girls"><i>Building Skills to Enhance Life Opportunities for Mayan Girls</i></a>. Population Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+Skills+to+Enhance+Life+Opportunities+for+Mayan+Girls&rft.pub=Population+Council&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Jennifer+Catino&rft.au=Kelly+Kay+Hallman&rft.au=Marta+Julia+Ruiz&rft.au=Population+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPk-cNwAACAAJ%26q%3Dmayan%2Bgirls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelicitas_D._Goodman2001" class="citation book cs1">Felicitas D. Goodman (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1MYWzZBYwQC&q=chinese+marry+mayan+women&pg=PA535"><i>Maya Apocalypse: Seventeen Years with the Women of a Yucatan Village</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 535. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0253215013" title="Special:BookSources/0253215013"><bdi>0253215013</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maya+Apocalypse%3A+Seventeen+Years+with+the+Women+of+a+Yucatan+Village&rft.pages=535&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0253215013&rft.au=Felicitas+D.+Goodman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_1MYWzZBYwQC%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarry%2Bmayan%2Bwomen%26pg%3DPA535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly_HallmanPopulation_Council2006" class="citation book cs1">Kelly Hallman; Population Council (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S2KtNwAACAAJ&q=mayan+girls"><i>Multiple Disadvantages of Mayan Girls: The Effects of Gender, Ethnicity, Poverty, and Residence on Education in Guatemala</i></a>. Population Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multiple+Disadvantages+of+Mayan+Girls%3A+The+Effects+of+Gender%2C+Ethnicity%2C+Poverty%2C+and+Residence+on+Education+in+Guatemala&rft.pub=Population+Council&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Kelly+Hallman&rft.au=Population+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS2KtNwAACAAJ%26q%3Dmayan%2Bgirls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValerie_HansenKen_Curtis2013" class="citation book cs1">Valerie Hansen; Ken Curtis (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e9IEFIj-H60C&q=chinese+marry+mayan+women&pg=PA473"><i>Voyages in World History, Volume 1 to 1600</i></a> (2 ed.). Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1133607823" title="Special:BookSources/978-1133607823"><bdi>978-1133607823</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyages+in+World+History%2C+Volume+1+to+1600&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1133607823&rft.au=Valerie+Hansen&rft.au=Ken+Curtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De9IEFIj-H60C%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarry%2Bmayan%2Bwomen%26pg%3DPA473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig_Lockard2014" class="citation book cs1">Craig Lockard (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FLg8AwAAQBAJ&q=chinese+marry+mayan+indian+women&pg=RA1-PA37"><i>Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History</i></a> (3 ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1305177079" title="Special:BookSources/978-1305177079"><bdi>978-1305177079</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Societies%2C+Networks%2C+and+Transitions%3A+A+Global+History&rft.pages=37&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1305177079&rft.au=Craig+Lockard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFLg8AwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarry%2Bmayan%2Bindian%2Bwomen%26pg%3DRA1-PA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_McClusky2010" class="citation book cs1">Laura McClusky (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=heCGAAAAQBAJ&q=chinese+marry+mayan+women&pg=PA307"><i>Here, Our Culture Is Hard: Stories of Domestic Violence from a Mayan Community in Belize</i></a>. University of Texas Press. p. 307. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0292788190" title="Special:BookSources/978-0292788190"><bdi>978-0292788190</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Here%2C+Our+Culture+Is+Hard%3A+Stories+of+Domestic+Violence+from+a+Mayan+Community+in+Belize&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0292788190&rft.au=Laura+McClusky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DheCGAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarry%2Bmayan%2Bwomen%26pg%3DPA307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_Rogoff2011" class="citation book cs1">Barbara Rogoff (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DJWE8KKgNVMC&q=mayan+girls&pg=PA88"><i>Developing Destinies: A Mayan Midwife and Town</i></a>. Child Development in Cultural Context Series. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199717804" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199717804"><bdi>978-0199717804</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Developing+Destinies%3A+A+Mayan+Midwife+and+Town&rft.series=Child+Development+in+Cultural+Context+Series&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0199717804&rft.au=Barbara+Rogoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDJWE8KKgNVMC%26q%3Dmayan%2Bgirls%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaum,_BrendaChristine_Eber2007" class="citation book cs1">Rosenbaum, Brenda; Christine Eber (2007). "Women and gender in Mesoamerica". In <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Carmack" title="Robert M. Carmack">Robert M. Carmack</a>; Janine Gasco; Gary H. Gossen (eds.). <i>The Legacy of Mesoamerica: History and Culture of a Native American Civilization</i>. Exploring Cultures series (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Pearson/Prentice Hall</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-049292-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-049292-0"><bdi>978-0-13-049292-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71833382">71833382</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Women+and+gender+in+Mesoamerica&rft.btitle=The+Legacy+of+Mesoamerica%3A+History+and+Culture+of+a+Native+American+Civilization&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.series=Exploring+Cultures+series&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Pearson%2FPrentice+Hall&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71833382&rft.isbn=978-0-13-049292-0&rft.au=Rosenbaum%2C+Brenda&rft.au=Christine+Eber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNancy_L._WickerBettina_Arnold1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Nancy L. Wicker; Bettina Arnold (1999). Nancy L. Wicker; Bettina Arnold (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eTtmAAAAMAAJ&q=chinese+marry+mayan+women"><i>From the ground up: beyond gender theory in archaeology : proceedings of the Fifth Gender and Archaeology Conference, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, October 1998</i></a>. Volume 812 of BAR Series. Vol. 812 of BAR international series (illustrated ed.). Archaeopress. pp. 44–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1841710253" title="Special:BookSources/1841710253"><bdi>1841710253</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+ground+up%3A+beyond+gender+theory+in+archaeology+%3A+proceedings+of+the+Fifth+Gender+and+Archaeology+Conference%2C+University+of+Wisconsin-Milwaukee%2C+October+1998&rft.series=Volume+812+of+BAR+Series&rft.pages=44-45&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1841710253&rft.au=Nancy+L.+Wicker&rft.au=Bettina+Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeTtmAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarry%2Bmayan%2Bwomen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress._Cataloging_Policy_and_Support_Office2005" class="citation book cs1">Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dwH-kjc8CZUC&q=chinese+marry+mayan+women&pg=PA4280"><i>Library of Congress Subject Headings</i></a>. Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service. p. 4280<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Library+of+Congress+Subject+Headings&rft.pages=4280&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress%2C+Cataloging+Distribution+Service&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Library+of+Congress.+Cataloging+Policy+and+Support+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdwH-kjc8CZUC%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarry%2Bmayan%2Bwomen%26pg%3DPA4280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress2012" class="citation book cs1">Library of Congress (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a7Eih845ABUC&q=chinese+marry+mayan+women&pg=SL13-PA171"><i>Library of Congress Subject Headings</i></a>. Library of Congress. Subject Cataloging Division, Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy, Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office. Library of Congress. p. M-171<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Library+of+Congress+Subject+Headings&rft.pages=M-171&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da7Eih845ABUC%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmarry%2Bmayan%2Bwomen%26pg%3DSL13-PA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress2012" class="citation book cs1">Library of Congress (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8jllrPdQFrIC&q=mayan+girls+chinese&pg=SA5-PA158"><i>Library of Congress Subject Headings</i></a>. Library of Congress. Subject Cataloging Division, Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy, Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office (illustrated ed.). Library of Congress. p. S-158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0822559788" title="Special:BookSources/978-0822559788"><bdi>978-0822559788</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Library+of+Congress+Subject+Headings&rft.pages=S-158&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0822559788&rft.au=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8jllrPdQFrIC%26q%3Dmayan%2Bgirls%2Bchinese%26pg%3DSA5-PA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress._Cataloging_Policy_and_Support_Office2006" class="citation book cs1">Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iS17X1bV1tsC&q=mayan+girls+chinese&pg=PA6377"><i>Library of Congress Subject Headings</i></a>. Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service. p. 6377. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0822559781" title="Special:BookSources/0822559781"><bdi>0822559781</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Library+of+Congress+Subject+Headings&rft.pages=6377&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress%2C+Cataloging+Distribution+Service&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0822559781&rft.au=Library+of+Congress.+Cataloging+Policy+and+Support+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiS17X1bV1tsC%26q%3Dmayan%2Bgirls%2Bchinese%26pg%3DPA6377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress._Cataloging_Policy_and_Support_Office2009" class="citation book cs1">Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9hQHKx8OcDAC&q=chinese+mayan+women&pg=PA4794"><i>Library of Congress Subject Headings</i></a>. Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service. p. 4794<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Library+of+Congress+Subject+Headings&rft.pages=4794&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress%2C+Cataloging+Distribution+Service&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Library+of+Congress.+Cataloging+Policy+and+Support+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9hQHKx8OcDAC%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmayan%2Bwomen%26pg%3DPA4794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress2007" class="citation book cs1">Library of Congress (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1qmah9aqo9QC&q=chinese+mayan+women&pg=PA4541"><i>Library of Congress Subject Headings</i></a>. Library of Congress. Subject Cataloging Division, Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy, Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office. Library of Congress. p. 4541<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Library+of+Congress+Subject+Headings&rft.pages=4541&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1qmah9aqo9QC%26q%3Dchinese%2Bmayan%2Bwomen%26pg%3DPA4541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+Maya+society" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Template talk:Maya"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maya"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maya_civilization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization"><span style="color:white">Maya civilization</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maya_civilization" title="History of the Maya civilization"><span style="color:white">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preclassic_Maya" title="Preclassic Maya">Preclassic Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Maya_collapse" title="Classic Maya collapse">Classic Maya collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Spanish conquest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Chiapas" title="Spanish conquest of Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Pet%C3%A9n" title="Spanish conquest of Petén">Petén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png/80px-Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png/120px-Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png/160px-Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="2032" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-Group" title="E-Group">E-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triadic_pyramid" title="Triadic pyramid">Triadic pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-pyramid_complex" title="Twin-pyramid complex">Twin-pyramid complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_graffiti" title="Ancient Maya graffiti">Graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_ceramics" title="Maya ceramics">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_cities" title="Mayan cities">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_dance" title="Maya dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Maya_civilization" title="Economy of the Maya civilization">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trade_in_Maya_civilization" title="Trade in Maya civilization">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_trade_in_the_Maya_civilization" title="Maritime trade in the Maya civilization">Maritime trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Maya_language" title="Classic Maya language">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayan_languages" title="List of Mayan languages">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayanist" title="Mayanist">Mayanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_medicine" title="Maya medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_music" title="Maya music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_numerals" title="Maya numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_sites" title="List of Maya sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_stelae" title="Maya stelae">Stelae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_textiles" title="Maya textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_warfare" title="Maya warfare">Warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maya_society" title="Maya society"><span style="color:white">Society</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_in_Maya_society" title="Childhood in Maya society">Childhood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwifery_in_Maya_society" title="Midwifery in Maya society">Midwifery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_priesthood" title="Maya priesthood">Priesthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Sacrifice in Maya culture">Sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Human sacrifice in Maya culture">Human sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_death_rituals" title="Maya death rituals">Death rituals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_social_classes" title="Maya social classes">Social classes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaw" title="Ajaw">Ajaw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_households" title="Maya households">Households</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar"><span style="color:white">Calendar</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaw" title="Ajaw">Ajaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baktun" title="Baktun">Baktun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haab%CA%BC" title="Haabʼ">Haabʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCatun" title="Kʼatun">Kʼatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCin" title="Kʼin">Kʼin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tun_(Maya_calendar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tun (Maya calendar)">Tun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%CA%BCin" title="Tzolkʼin">Tzolkʼin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winal" title="Winal">Winal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Cakchiquels" title="Annals of the Cakchiquels">Annals of the Cakchiquels</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chilam_Balam" title="Chilam Balam">Chilam Balam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_codices" title="Maya codices">Codices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Codex" title="Dresden Codex"><i>Dresden</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Codex_of_Mexico" title="Maya Codex of Mexico"><i>Grolier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Codex_(Maya)" title="Madrid Codex (Maya)"><i>Madrid</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Codex" title="Paris Codex"><i>Paris</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popol_Vuh" title="Popol Vuh">Popol Vuh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabinal_Ach%C3%AD" title="Rabinal Achí">Rabinal Achí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ritual_of_the_Bacabs" title="Ritual of the Bacabs">Ritual of the Bacabs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Dzitbalch%C3%A9" title="Songs of Dzitbalché">Songs of Dzitbalché</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADtulo_C%CA%BCoyoi" title="Título Cʼoyoi">Título Cʼoyoi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADtulo_de_Totonicap%C3%A1n" title="Título de Totonicapán">Título de Totonicapán</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_gods_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Maya gods and supernatural beings"><span style="color:white">Deities</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Classic</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bacab" title="Bacab">Bacab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chaac" title="Chaac">Chaac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_death_gods" title="Maya death gods">Death gods</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/God_L" title="God L">God L</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Goddess_I" title="Goddess I">Goddess I</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_Hero_Twins" title="Maya Hero Twins">Hero Twins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howler_monkey_gods" title="Howler monkey gods">Howler monkey gods</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Itzamna" title="Itzamna">Itzamna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ixchel" title="Ixchel">Ixchel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_jaguar_gods" title="Maya jaguar gods">Jaguar gods</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCawiil" title="Kʼawiil">Kʼawiil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kinich_Ahau" title="Kinich Ahau">Kinich Ahau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_maize_god" title="Maya maize god">Maize god</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mam_(Maya_mythology)" title="Mam (Maya mythology)">Mam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_moon_goddess" title="Maya moon goddess">Moon goddess</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yopaat" title="Yopaat">Yopaat</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Post-Classic</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acat_(deity)" title="Acat (deity)">Acat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ah-Muzen-Cab" title="Ah-Muzen-Cab">Ah-Muzen-Cab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Akna_(Maya_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akna (Maya mythology)">Akna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chin_(deity)" title="Chin (deity)">Chin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ixtab" title="Ixtab">Ixtab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kukulkan" title="Kukulkan">Kukulkan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yum_Kaax" title="Yum Kaax">Yum Kaax</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><i>Popol Vuh</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Awilix" title="Awilix">Awilix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Camazotz" title="Camazotz">Camazotz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hun_Hunahpu" title="Hun Hunahpu">Hun Hunahpu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huracan" title="Huracan">Huracan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacawitz" title="Jacawitz">Jacawitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCuq%CA%BCumatz" title="Qʼuqʼumatz">Qʼuqʼumatz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tohil" title="Tohil">Tohil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vucub_Caquix" title="Vucub Caquix">Vucub Caquix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xmucane_and_Xpiacoc" title="Xmucane and Xpiacoc">Xmucane and Xpiacoc</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xquic" title="Xquic">Xquic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zipacna" title="Zipacna">Zipacna</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Kings_and_Queens" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya Kings and Queens"><span style="color:white">Kings</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%CA%BCalaj_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil">Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%CA%BC_K%CA%BCin_Xook" title="Haʼ Kʼin Xook">Haʼ Kʼin Xook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzam_K%CA%BCan_Ahk_II" title="Itzam Kʼan Ahk II">Itzam Kʼan Ahk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCak%CA%BC_Tiliw_Chan_Yopaat" title="Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat">Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Janaab%CA%BC_Pakal" title="Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal">Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Yat_Ahk_II" title="Kʼinich Yat Ahk II">Kʼinich Yat Ahk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Yax_K%CA%BCuk%CA%BC_Mo%CA%BC" title="Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ">Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Yo%CA%BCnal_Ahk_I" title="Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I">Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uaxaclajuun_Ub%CA%BCaah_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil">Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo%CA%BCnal_Ahk_III" title="Yoʼnal Ahk III">Yoʼnal Ahk III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuknoom_Ch%CA%BCeen_II" title="Yuknoom Chʼeen II">Yuknoom Chʼeen II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuknoom_Yich%CA%BCaak_K%CA%BCahk%CA%BC" title="Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ">Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women_rulers_in_Maya_society" title="Women rulers in Maya society"><span style="color:white">Queens</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Eveningstar" title="Lady Eveningstar">Lady Eveningstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Itzan" title="Lady of Itzan">Lady of Itzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Tikal" title="Lady of Tikal">Lady of Tikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Xoc" title="Lady Xoc">Lady Xoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sak_K%CA%BCuk%CA%BC" title="Sak Kʼukʼ">Sak Kʼukʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wak_Chanil_Ajaw" title="Wak Chanil Ajaw">Wak Chanil Ajaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohl_Ik%CA%BCnal" title="Yohl Ikʼnal">Yohl Ikʼnal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&oldid=1241578235">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Maya_society&oldid=1241578235</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maya_society" title="Category:Maya society">Maya society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gender_roles_by_society" title="Category:Gender roles by society">Gender roles 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