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id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" title="الكونغرس القاري الأول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكونغرس القاري الأول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_Kontinental_Konqres" title="Birinci Kontinental Konqres – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Birinci Kontinental Konqres" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Беренсе Континенталь конгресс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Беренсе Континенталь конгресс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Першы Кантынентальны Кангрэс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Першы Кантынентальны Кангрэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Першы Кантынэнтальны кангрэс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Першы Кантынэнтальны кангрэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erster_Kontinentalkongress" title="Erster Kontinentalkongress – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erster Kontinentalkongress" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_Congreso_Continental" title="Primer Congreso Continental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primer Congreso Continental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Congr%C3%A8s_continental" title="Premier Congrès continental – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Premier Congrès continental" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98" title="제1차 대륙회의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제1차 대륙회의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvi_Kontinentalni_kongres" title="Prvi Kontinentalni kongres – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prvi Kontinentalni kongres" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrsta_meginlands%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Fyrsta meginlandsþingið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fyrsta meginlandsþingið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primo_congresso_continentale" title="Primo congresso continentale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Primo congresso continentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഒന്നാം കോണ്ടിനെന്റൽ കോൺഗ്രസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒന്നാം കോണ്ടിനെന്റൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongres_Benua_Pertama" title="Kongres Benua Pertama – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kongres Benua Pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81_(%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3)" title="Тивийн нэгдүгээр конгресс (АНУ) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тивийн нэгдүгээр конгресс (АНУ)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Continentaal_Congres" title="Eerste Continentaal Congres – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eerste Continentaal Congres" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinchi_Kontinental_kongress" title="Birinchi Kontinental kongress – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Birinchi Kontinental kongress" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro_Congresso_Continental" title="Primeiro Congresso Continental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeiro Congresso Continental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primul_Congres_Continental" title="Primul Congres Continental – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Primul Congres Continental" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Первый Континентальный конгресс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первый Континентальный конгресс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_continental_congress" title="First continental congress – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="First continental congress" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Први Континентални конгрес – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Први Континентални конгрес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvi_Kontinentalni_kongres" title="Prvi Kontinentalni kongres – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prvi Kontinentalni kongres" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensimm%C3%A4inen_mannermaakongressi" title="Ensimmäinen mannermaakongressi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ensimmäinen mannermaakongressi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Перший Континентальний конгрес – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перший Континентальний конгрес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primo_congreso_continenta%C5%82e" title="Primo congreso continentałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Primo congreso continentałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%87_nh%E1%BA%A5t_Qu%E1%BB%91c_h%E1%BB%99i_L%E1%BB%A5c_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba" title="Đệ nhất Quốc hội Lục địa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đệ nhất Quốc hội Lục địa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次大陸會議 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第一次大陸會議" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">First Continental Congress</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_The_First_Continental_Congress,_1774.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_The_First_Continental_Congress%2C_1774.jpg/250px-Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_The_First_Continental_Congress%2C_1774.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_The_First_Continental_Congress%2C_1774.jpg/375px-Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_The_First_Continental_Congress%2C_1774.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_The_First_Continental_Congress%2C_1774.jpg/500px-Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_The_First_Continental_Congress%2C_1774.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2950" data-file-height="2281" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">Unicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">September 5, 1774</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disbanded</th><td class="infobox-data">October 26, 1774</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Randolph" title="Peyton Randolph">Peyton Randolph</a><br />  (through October 22, 1774)<br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_Middleton" title="Henry Middleton">Henry Middleton</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Secretary</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">56 from 12 of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">13 colonies</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CarpentersHall00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/CarpentersHall00.jpg/250px-CarpentersHall00.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/CarpentersHall00.jpg/375px-CarpentersHall00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/CarpentersHall00.jpg/500px-CarpentersHall00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1748" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>First Continental Congress</b> was a meeting of delegates of 12 of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> held from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at <a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. The meeting was organized by the delegates after the <a href="/wiki/British_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="British Navy">British Navy</a> implemented a blockade of <a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor" title="Boston Harbor">Boston Harbor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a> passed the punitive <a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Intolerable Acts</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the opening weeks of the Congress, the delegates conducted a spirited discussion about how the colonies could collectively respond to the British government's coercive actions, and they worked to make a common cause. As a prelude to its decisions, the Congress's first action was the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Resolves" title="Suffolk Resolves">Suffolk Resolves</a>, a measure drawn up by several counties in Massachusetts that included a declaration of grievances, called for a trade boycott of British goods, and urged each colony to set up and train its own militia. A less radical plan was then proposed to create a <a href="/wiki/Galloway%27s_Plan_of_Union" title="Galloway's Plan of Union">Union of Great Britain and the Colonies</a>, but the delegates tabled the measure and later struck it from the record of their proceedings. </p><p>The First Continental Congress agreed on a <a href="/wiki/Declaration_and_Resolves_of_the_First_Continental_Congress" title="Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress">Declaration and Resolves</a> that included the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a>, a proposal for an embargo on British trade. They also drew up a <a href="/wiki/Petition_to_the_King" title="Petition to the King">Petition to the King</a> pleading for redress of their grievances and repeal of the Intolerable Acts. That appeal was unsuccessful, leading delegates from the colonies to convene the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a>, also held in Philadelphia, the following May, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a>, to organize the defense of the colonies as the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Convention">Convention</h2></div> <p>The Congress met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in <a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> with delegates from 12 of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> participating. The delegates were elected by the people of the respective colonies, the colonial legislature, or by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee of Correspondence">Committee of Correspondence</a> of a colony.<sup id="cite_ref-IHAonline_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IHAonline-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalist</a> sentiments outweighed <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriot</a> views in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a>, leading that colony to not immediately join the revolutionary cause until the following year when it sent delegates to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Randolph" title="Peyton Randolph">Peyton Randolph</a> was elected as president of the Congress on the opening day, and he served through October 22 when ill health forced him to retire, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Middleton" title="Henry Middleton">Henry Middleton</a> was elected in his place for the balance of the session. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a>, leader of the Philadelphia Committee of Correspondence, was selected as the congressional secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rules adopted by the delegates were designed to guard the equality of participants and to promote free-flowing debate.<sup id="cite_ref-IHAonline_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IHAonline-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the deliberations progressed, it became clear that those in attendance were not of one mind concerning why they were there. Conservatives such as <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Galloway" title="Joseph Galloway">Joseph Galloway</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutledge" title="Edward Rutledge">Edward Rutledge</a> believed their task to be forging policies to pressure Parliament to rescind its unreasonable acts. Their ultimate goal was to develop a reasonable solution to the difficulties and bring about reconciliation between the Colonies and Great Britain. Others such as <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> believed their task to be developing a decisive statement of the rights and liberties of the Colonies. Their ultimate goal was to end what they felt to be the abuses of parliamentary authority and to retain their rights, which had been guaranteed under Colonial charters and the English constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roger Sherman denied the legislative authority of Parliament, and Patrick Henry believed that the Congress needed to develop a completely new system of government, independent from Great Britain, for the existing Colonial governments were already dissolved.<sup id="cite_ref-greene_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greene-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to these ideas, Joseph Galloway put forward a "<a href="/wiki/Galloway%27s_Plan_of_Union" title="Galloway's Plan of Union">Plan of Union</a>" which suggested that an American legislative body should be formed with some authority, whose consent would be required for imperial measures.<sup id="cite_ref-greene_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greene-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declaration_and_Resolves">Declaration and Resolves</h2></div> <p>In the end, the voices of compromise carried the day. Rather than calling for independence, the First Continental Congress passed and signed the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Declaration_and_Resolves_of_the_First_Continental_Congress" title="Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress">Declaration and Resolves</a>, which called for a boycott of British goods to take effect in December 1774. After Congress signed on October 20, 1774, embracing non exportation they also planned nonimportation of slaves beginning December 1, which would have abolished the slave trade in the United States of America 33 years before it actually ended.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accomplishments">Accomplishments</h2></div> <p>The primary accomplishment of the First Continental Congress was a compact among the colonies to boycott British goods beginning on December 1, 1774, unless parliament should rescind the Intolerable Acts.<sup id="cite_ref-kramnick_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kramnick-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While delegates convened in the First Continental Congress, fifty-one women in Edenton, North Carolina formed their own association (now referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Edenton_Tea_Party" title="Edenton Tea Party">Edenton Tea Party</a>) in response to the Intolerable Acts that focused on producing goods for the colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Great Britain's colonies in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> were threatened with a boycott unless they agreed to non-importation of British goods.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imports from Britain dropped by 97 percent in 1775, compared with the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-kramnick_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kramnick-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Committees of observation and inspection were to be formed in each Colony to ensure compliance with the boycott. It was further agreed that if the Intolerable Acts were not repealed, the colonies would also cease exports to Britain after September 10, 1775.<sup id="cite_ref-kramnick_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kramnick-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly" title="House of Assembly">Houses of Assembly</a> of each participating colony approved the proceedings of the Congress, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boycott was successfully implemented, but its potential for altering British colonial policy was cut off by the outbreak of hostilities in April 1775. </p><p>Congress also voted to meet again the following year if their grievances were not addressed satisfactorily. Anticipating that there would be cause to convene a second congress, delegates resolved to send <a href="/wiki/Letters_to_the_inhabitants_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters to the inhabitants of Canada">letters of invitation</a> to those colonies that had not joined them in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%9391)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Quebec (1763–91)">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Saint John's Island</a> (now Prince Edward Island), <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, Georgia, <a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, only Georgia would ultimately send delegates to the next Congress. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_delegates">List of delegates</h2></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#ccff99;">Colony </th> <th style="background-color:#ccff99;">Name </th></tr> <tr> <td nowrap=""><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Folsom" title="Nathaniel Folsom">Nathaniel Folsom</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">John Sullivan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td nowrap=""><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-fpotus_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fpotus-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cushing" title="Thomas Cushing">Thomas Cushing</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine" title="Robert Treat Paine">Robert Treat Paine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(politician)" title="Stephen Hopkins (politician)">Stephen Hopkins</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ward_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Samuel Ward (Rhode Island politician)">Samuel Ward</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silas_Deane" title="Silas Deane">Silas Deane</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eliphalet_Dyer" title="Eliphalet Dyer">Eliphalet Dyer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Alsop" title="John Alsop">John Alsop</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-C51_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C51-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Boerum" title="Simon Boerum">Simon Boerum</a>; <a href="/wiki/James_Duane" title="James Duane">James Duane</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-C51_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C51-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Floyd" title="William Floyd">William Floyd</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>C<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Haring" title="John Haring">John Haring</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-GMCs_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMCs-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>D<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-C51_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C51-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fscotuscj_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fscotuscj-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>E<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Livingston" title="Philip Livingston">Philip Livingston</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-C51_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C51-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Low" title="Isaac Low">Isaac Low</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-C51_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C51-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-loyalist_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loyalist-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>F<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wisner" title="Henry Wisner">Henry Wisner</a><sup id="cite_ref-GMCs_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMCs-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>D<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Crane_(Continental_Congress)" title="Stephen Crane (Continental Congress)">Stephen Crane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_De_Hart" title="John De Hart">John De Hart</a>; <a href="/wiki/James_Kinsey" title="James Kinsey">James Kinsey</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Livingston" title="William Livingston">William Livingston</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smith_(Continental_Congress)" title="Richard Smith (Continental Congress)">Richard Smith</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Biddle" title="Edward Biddle">Edward Biddle</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Galloway" title="Joseph Galloway">Joseph Galloway</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-loyalist_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loyalist-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>F<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Humphreys" title="Charles Humphreys">Charles Humphreys</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Thomas Mifflin</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(American_politician)" title="John Morton (American politician)">John Morton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rhoads" title="Samuel Rhoads">Samuel Rhoads</a>; <a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(American_politician)" title="George Ross (American politician)">George Ross</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a>; <a href="/wiki/George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)" title="George Read (American politician, born 1733)">George Read</a>; <a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Goldsborough" title="Robert Goldsborough">Robert Goldsborough</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(jurist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Johnson (jurist)">Thomas Johnson</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">William Paca</a>; <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tilghman" title="Matthew Tilghman">Matthew Tilghman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bland" title="Richard Bland">Richard Bland</a>; <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_V" title="Benjamin Harrison V">Benjamin Harrison</a>; <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pendleton" title="Edmund Pendleton">Edmund Pendleton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peyton_Randolph" title="Peyton Randolph">Peyton Randolph</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Pres_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pres-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>G<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a><sup id="cite_ref-fpotus_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fpotus-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Richard Caswell</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hewes" title="Joseph Hewes">Joseph Hewes</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Hooper" title="William Hooper">William Hooper</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gadsden" title="Christopher Gadsden">Christopher Gadsden</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_Jr." title="Thomas Lynch Jr.">Thomas Lynch Jr.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Middleton" title="Henry Middleton">Henry Middleton</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Pres_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pres-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>G<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutledge" title="Edward Rutledge">Edward Rutledge</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a><sup id="cite_ref-fscotuscj_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fscotuscj-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>E<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ccff99;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-IHAonline_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IHAonline-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <table style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1774_Address_to_the_King.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1774_Address_to_the_King.jpg/210px-1774_Address_to_the_King.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1774_Address_to_the_King.jpg/315px-1774_Address_to_the_King.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/1774_Address_to_the_King.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="645" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Articles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Articles.JPG/330px-Articles.JPG" decoding="async" width="330" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Articles.JPG/495px-Articles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Articles.JPG/660px-Articles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="910" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Paper_embossing" title="Paper embossing">Embossed</a> copy of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Petition_to_the_King" title="Petition to the King">Petition to the King</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Broadside_(printing)" title="Broadside (printing)">Broadside</a> copy of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Carpenters%27_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Carpenters%27_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg/250px-American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Carpenters%27_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Carpenters%27_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg/375px-American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Carpenters%27_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Carpenters%27_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg/500px-American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Carpenters%27_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1325" data-file-height="865" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Revolution_Bicentennial_We_Ask_But_For_Peace..._10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/American_Revolution_Bicentennial_We_Ask_But_For_Peace..._10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg/250px-American_Revolution_Bicentennial_We_Ask_But_For_Peace..._10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/American_Revolution_Bicentennial_We_Ask_But_For_Peace..._10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg/375px-American_Revolution_Bicentennial_We_Ask_But_For_Peace..._10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/American_Revolution_Bicentennial_We_Ask_But_For_Peace..._10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg/500px-American_Revolution_Bicentennial_We_Ask_But_For_Peace..._10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="881" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">200th anniversary of the First Continental Congress<br />commemorated on two 10-cent U.S. <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamps</a><br />of the 1971–1983 <a href="/wiki/Bicentennial_Series" title="Bicentennial Series">Bicentennial Series</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Articles_of_Association,_page_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Articles_of_Association%2C_page_3.jpg/260px-Articles_of_Association%2C_page_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Articles_of_Association%2C_page_3.jpg/390px-Articles_of_Association%2C_page_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Articles_of_Association%2C_page_3.jpg/520px-Articles_of_Association%2C_page_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2420" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Signatory page of the three-page <a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a><br />signed by 53 of the 56 delegates</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War#Prelude_to_revolution" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War#Prelude to revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">List of delegates to the Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-upper-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fpotus-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fpotus_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fpotus_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Future <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-A&Eonline_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A&Eonline-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C51-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C51_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C51_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C51_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C51_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C51_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Sixty#Committee_of_Fifty-one" title="Committee of Sixty">Committee of Fifty-one</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">city and county of New York</a> and authorized by the counties of <a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="Dutchess County, New York">Duchess</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk County</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GMCs-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GMCs_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GMCs_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Appointed by the general meeting of all the committees of <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange County</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fscotuscj-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fscotuscj_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fscotuscj_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Future <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">chief justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-A&Eonline_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A&Eonline-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loyalist-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loyalist_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loyalist_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ultimately became a <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">loyalist</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pres-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pres_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pres_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Served as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">president of the Congress</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStathis2014" class="citation book cs1">Stathis, Stephen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/landmark-legislation-1774-2012/SAGE.xml"><i>Landmark Legislation 1774–2012: Major U.S. Acts and Treaties</i></a>. Washington DC: CQ Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781452292281.n1">10.4135/9781452292281.n1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-9230-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-9230-4"><bdi>978-1-4522-9230-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landmark+Legislation+1774%E2%80%932012%3A+Major+U.S.+Acts+and+Treaties&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781452292281.n1&rft.isbn=978-1-4522-9230-4&rft.aulast=Stathis&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowledge.sagepub.com%2Fview%2Flandmark-legislation-1774-2012%2FSAGE.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IHAonline-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IHAonline_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IHAonline_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IHAonline_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushistory.org/Declaration/related/congress.html">"First Continental Congress: Proceedings of the First Continental Congress"</a>. <i>ushistory.org</i>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Independence Hall Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ushistory.org&rft.atitle=First+Continental+Congress%3A+Proceedings+of+the+First+Continental+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushistory.org%2FDeclaration%2Frelated%2Fcongress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCashin2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cashin, Edward J. (March 26, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/revolutionary-war-georgia">"Revolutionary War in Georgia"</a>. <i>New Georgia Encyclopedia</i>. Georgia Humanities and the University of Georgia Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Revolutionary+War+in+Georgia&rft.btitle=New+Georgia+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Georgia+Humanities+and+the+University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2005-03-26&rft.aulast=Cashin&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fhistory-archaeology%2Frevolutionary-war-georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisjord,_Norman_K.2002" class="citation book cs1">Risjord, Norman K. (2002). <i>Jefferson's America, 1760–1815</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jefferson%27s+America%2C+1760%E2%80%931815&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Risjord%2C+Norman+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin1936" class="citation web cs1">McLaughlin, Andrew C. (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.org/cmt/mclaughlin/chus.htm">"A constitutional History of the United States"</a>. New York, London: D. Appleton-Century Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">83–</span>90<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+constitutional+History+of+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York%2C+London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E83-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=D.+Appleton-Century+Company&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Andrew+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.org%2Fcmt%2Fmclaughlin%2Fchus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greene-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-greene_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greene_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene,_Evarts_Boutell1922" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Evarts Boutell (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/foundationsofame005250mbp#page/n477/mode/2up"><i>The Foundations of American Nationality</i></a>. American Book Company. p. 434.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foundations+of+American+Nationality&rft.pages=434&rft.pub=American+Book+Company.&rft.date=1922&rft.au=Greene%2C+Evarts+Boutell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ffoundationsofame005250mbp%23page%2Fn477%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Marion_Mills1913" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Marion Mills (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatdebatesina16millgoog"><i>Great Debates in American Hist: From the Debates in the British Parliament on the Colonial Stamp</i></a>. Current Literature Pub. Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatdebatesina16millgoog/page/n109">91</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Debates+in+American+Hist%3A+From+the+Debates+in+the+British+Parliament+on+the+Colonial+Stamp&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Current+Literature+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Miller%2C+Marion+Mills&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatdebatesina16millgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyndWaldstreicher2011" class="citation journal cs1">Lynd, Staughton; Waldstreicher, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://af.booksc.eu/dl/44338498/b86942">"Free Trade, Sovereignty, and Slavery: Toward an Economic Interpretation of American Independence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. <b>68</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">597–</span>630. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5309%2Fwillmaryquar.68.4.0597">10.5309/willmaryquar.68.4.0597</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-5597">0043-5597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Free+Trade%2C+Sovereignty%2C+and+Slavery%3A+Toward+an+Economic+Interpretation+of+American+Independence&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E597-%3C%2Fspan%3E630&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5309%2Fwillmaryquar.68.4.0597&rft.issn=0043-5597&rft.aulast=Lynd&rft.aufirst=Staughton&rft.au=Waldstreicher%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faf.booksc.eu%2Fdl%2F44338498%2Fb86942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kramnick-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kramnick_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kramnick_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kramnick_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Paine1982" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Paine (1982). Isaac Kramnick (ed.). <i>Common Sense</i>. Penguin Classics. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Common+Sense&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Thomas+Paine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_Oberg2019" class="citation book cs1">Barbara Oberg, ed. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1091235010"><i>Women in the American Revolution: gender, politics, and the domestic world</i></a>. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-4260-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-4260-5"><bdi>978-0-8139-4260-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1091235010">1091235010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+American+Revolution%3A+gender%2C+politics%2C+and+the+domestic+world&rft.place=Charlottesville&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1091235010&rft.isbn=978-0-8139-4260-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1091235010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ketchum, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Launitz-Schurer p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrothingham1872" class="citation book cs1">Frothingham, Richard (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riserepublicuni01unkngoog"><i>The Rise of the Republic of the United States</i></a>. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown, and Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riserepublicuni01unkngoog/page/n405">375</a>–376<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Republic+of+the+United+States&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=375-376&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown%2C+and+Company&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Frothingham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friserepublicuni01unkngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A&Eonline-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A&Eonline_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A&Eonline_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/the-continental-congress">"Continental Congress"</a>. A&E Television Networks. October 3, 2018 [Originally published February 4, 2010]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Continental+Congress&rft.pub=A%26E+Television+Networks&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Famerican-revolution%2Fthe-continental-congress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2></div> <ul><li>Bancroft, George. <i>History of the United States of America, from the discovery of the American continent.</i> (1854–78), vol 4–10 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070216045633/http://jrshelby.com/sc-links/bancroft.htm">online edition</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnett1975" class="citation book cs1">Burnett, Edmund C. (1975) [1941]. <i>The Continental Congress</i>. Greenwood Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8371-8386-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8371-8386-3"><bdi>0-8371-8386-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Continental+Congress&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-8371-8386-3&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=Edmund+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2002" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, H. James (2002) [1974]. <i>Party Politics in the Continental Congress</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8191-6525-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8191-6525-5"><bdi>0-8191-6525-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+Politics+in+the+Continental+Congress&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8191-6525-5&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=H.+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Launitz-Schurer, <i>Loyal Whigs and Revolutionaries, The making of the revolution in New York, 1765-1776</i>, 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-4994-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-4994-1">0-8147-4994-1</a></li> <li>Ketchum, Richard, <i>Divided Loyalties, How the American Revolution came to New York</i>, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-6120-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-6120-7">0-8050-6120-7</a></li> <li>Miller, John C. <i>Origins of the American Revolution</i> (1943) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=493014">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525054921/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=493014">Archived</a> May 25, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Puls, Mark, <i>Samuel Adams, father of the American Revolution</i>, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4039-7582-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4039-7582-5">1-4039-7582-5</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontross1970" class="citation book cs1">Montross, Lynn (1970) [1950]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reluctantrebelss0000mont"><i>The Reluctant Rebels; the Story of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789</i></a></span>. Barnes & Noble. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-389-03973-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-389-03973-X"><bdi>0-389-03973-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reluctant+Rebels%3B+the+Story+of+the+Continental+Congress%2C+1774%E2%80%931789&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-389-03973-X&rft.aulast=Montross&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freluctantrebelss0000mont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Continental+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Peter Force, ed. <i>American Archives,</i> 9 vol 1837–1853, major compilation of documents 1774–1776. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206214032/http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html">online edition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:First_Continental_Congress" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Continental_Congress" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-LOC-AmericanMemory-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/US-LOC-AmericanMemory-Logo.svg/44px-US-LOC-AmericanMemory-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/US-LOC-AmericanMemory-Logo.svg/66px-US-LOC-AmericanMemory-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/US-LOC-AmericanMemory-Logo.svg/88px-US-LOC-AmericanMemory-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwjclink.html">Full text of <i>Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789</i></a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwdg.html">Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774–1789</a></li></ul></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> First Continental Congress </b><br />September 5 – October 26, 1774 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress"><small>United States</small><br />Continental Congress</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Independence Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Independence_Hall.jpg/200px-Independence_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Independence_Hall.jpg/300px-Independence_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Independence_Hall.jpg/400px-Independence_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2609" data-file-height="1963" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> Predecessors</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Congress" title="Albany Congress">Albany Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Continental Congress</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_and_Resolves_of_the_First_Continental_Congress" title="Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress">Declaration and Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition_to_the_King" title="Petition to the King">Petition to the King</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch_Petition" title="Olive Branch Petition">Olive Branch Petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Secret_Correspondence" title="Committee of Secret Correspondence">Committee of Secret Correspondence</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Causes_and_Necessity_of_Taking_Up_Arms" title="Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms">Necessity of Taking Up Arms</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)" title="Treaty of Alliance (1778)">Franco-American Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_North_America" title="Bank of North America">Bank of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1784" title="Land Ordinance of 1784">Land Ordinance of 1784</a> / <a href="/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785" title="Land Ordinance of 1785">of 1785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance of 1787</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> Members</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">List of delegates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">Presidents of the Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finance_of_the_United_States" title="Superintendent of Finance of the United States">Superintendent of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War#Secretary_at_War_(1781–1789)" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary at War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_War" title="Board of War">Board of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy#Continental_Congress" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Marine Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Secretary of the Continental Congress</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> Related</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fite_House" title="Henry Fite House">Henry Fite House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Hall" title="Nassau Hall">Nassau Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_House" title="Maryland State House">Maryland State House</a></li> <li><a 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution1483" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pennsylvania_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this 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hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Articles of Association</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/120px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/180px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg 1.5x, 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Conference">Pennsylvania Provincial Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution_of_1776" title="Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776">Pennsylvania Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Washington Crosses the Delaware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1777</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Clouds" title="Battle of the Clouds">Battle of the Clouds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell#Early_days_(1754–1846)" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell moved to Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paoli" title="Battle of Paoli">Battle of Paoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mifflin" title="Fort Mifflin">Siege of Fort Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Matson%27s_Ford" title="Battle of Matson's Ford">Battle of Matson's Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1778</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crooked_Billet" title="Battle of Crooked Billet">Battle of Crooked Billet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barren_Hill" title="Battle of Barren Hill">Battle of Barren Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">British occupation of Philadelphia ends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wyoming" title="Battle of Wyoming">Wyoming Valley battle and massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1781</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1783</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">1783 Mutiny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Continental_Association52" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Continental_Association" title="Template:Continental Association"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Continental_Association" title="Template talk:Continental Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Continental_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Continental Association"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Continental_Association52" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Signatories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President of Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Randolph" title="Peyton Randolph">Peyton Randolph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">John Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Folsom" title="Nathaniel Folsom">Nathaniel Folsom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts Bay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cushing" title="Thomas Cushing">Thomas Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine" title="Robert Treat Paine">Robert Treat Paine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhode Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(politician)" title="Stephen Hopkins (politician)">Stephen Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ward_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Samuel Ward (Rhode Island politician)">Samuel Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliphalet_Dyer" title="Eliphalet Dyer">Eliphalet Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Deane" title="Silas Deane">Silas Deane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Low" title="Isaac Low">Isaac Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alsop" title="John Alsop">John Alsop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Duane" title="James Duane">James Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Livingston" title="Philip Livingston">Philip Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Floyd" title="William Floyd">William Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wisner" title="Henry Wisner">Henry Wisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Boerum" title="Simon Boerum">Simon Boerum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Kinsey" title="James Kinsey">James Kinsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Livingston" title="William Livingston">William Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Crane_(Continental_Congress)" title="Stephen Crane (Continental Congress)">Stephen Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Smith_(Continental_Congress)" title="Richard Smith (Continental Congress)">Richard Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_De_Hart" title="John De Hart">John De Hart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Galloway" title="Joseph Galloway">Joseph Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Humphreys" title="Charles Humphreys">Charles Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Thomas Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Biddle" title="Edward Biddle">Edward Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(American_politician)" title="John Morton (American politician)">John Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(American_politician)" title="George Ross (American politician)">George Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Lower Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)" title="George Read (American politician, born 1733)">George Read</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tilghman" title="Matthew Tilghman">Matthew Tilghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(jurist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Johnson (jurist)">Thomas Johnson, Junr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">William Paca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry, Junr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bland" title="Richard Bland">Richard Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_V" title="Benjamin Harrison V">Benjamin Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pendleton" title="Edmund Pendleton">Edmund Pendleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hooper" title="William Hooper">William Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hewes" title="Joseph Hewes">Joseph Hewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Richard Caswell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Middleton" title="Henry Middleton">Henry Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_(statesman)" title="Thomas Lynch (statesman)">Thomas Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gadsden" title="Christopher Gadsden">Christopher Gadsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutledge" title="Edward Rutledge">Edward Rutledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Resolves" title="Suffolk Resolves">Suffolk Resolves</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_and_Resolves_of_the_First_Continental_Congress" title="Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress">Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Charles_Thomson135" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Charles_Thomson" title="Template:Charles Thomson"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charles_Thomson" title="Template talk:Charles Thomson"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charles_Thomson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charles Thomson"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Charles_Thomson135" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding of the<br />United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty" title="Sons of Liberty">Sons of Liberty (Philadelphia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Secretary, Continental Congress, 1774-1789</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Confederation Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_history_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence#Dunlap_broadside" title="Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence">Dunlap broadside, Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States" title="Great Seal of the United States">Great Seal of the United States</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuit_c%C5%93ptis" title="Annuit cœptis">Annuit cœptis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novus_ordo_seclorum" title="Novus ordo seclorum">Novus ordo seclorum</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Great_Seal_Charles_Thomson_Preliminary_Design.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/US_Great_Seal_Charles_Thomson_Preliminary_Design.jpg/129px-US_Great_Seal_Charles_Thomson_Preliminary_Design.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/US_Great_Seal_Charles_Thomson_Preliminary_Design.jpg/194px-US_Great_Seal_Charles_Thomson_Preliminary_Design.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/US_Great_Seal_Charles_Thomson_Preliminary_Design.jpg/258px-US_Great_Seal_Charles_Thomson_Preliminary_Design.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2156" data-file-height="2170" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Easton" title="Treaty of Easton">Secretary, Treaty of Easton, 1758</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomson%27s_Translation" title="Thomson's Translation">Thomson's Bible translation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harriton_House" title="Harriton House">Harriton House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1776_(musical)" title="1776 (musical)">1776</a></i> (1969 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1776_(film)" title="1776 (film)">1776</a></i> (1972 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Seal of the president of the United States">Seal of the president of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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