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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_lodging_residences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Common lodging residences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_lodging_residences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1888" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1888"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>1888</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1888-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1888 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1888-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-29_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>29 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-30_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#30_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>30 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-30_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Murder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Murder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-mortem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-mortem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Post-mortem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-mortem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Investigation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investigation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Investigation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reaction_of_Michael_Kidney" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaction_of_Michael_Kidney"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Reaction of Michael Kidney</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaction_of_Michael_Kidney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Inquest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Inquest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Inquest subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Inquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Character_testimony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character_testimony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Character testimony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character_testimony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_testimony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_testimony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Medical testimony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_testimony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conclusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conclusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Conclusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conclusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connection_to_Jack_the_Ripper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connection_to_Jack_the_Ripper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Connection to Jack the Ripper</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Connection_to_Jack_the_Ripper-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Connection to Jack the Ripper subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Connection_to_Jack_the_Ripper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Correspondence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Correspondence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Correspondence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Correspondence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Other theories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Funeral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Drama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="اليزابيث برايد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اليزابيث برايد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C" title="엘리자베스 스트라이드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘리자베스 스트라이드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B6%E3%83%99%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89" title="エリザベス・ストライド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリザベス・ストライド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4,_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Страйд, Элизабет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Страйд, Элизабет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B4" title="Елизабет Страјд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Елизабет Страјд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stride" title="Elizabeth Stride – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elizabeth Stride" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%96%E5%BE%B7" title="伊丽莎白·斯特赖德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊丽莎白·斯特赖德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q263094#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the baseball player, see <a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Arlington" title="Lizzie Arlington">Lizzie Arlington</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Elizabeth Stride</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_stride_100.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Elizabeth_stride_100.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_stride_100.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Elizabeth_stride_100.jpg/330px-Elizabeth_stride_100.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Elizabeth_stride_100.jpg/440px-Elizabeth_stride_100.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="1454" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Mortuary photograph of Elizabeth Stride</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Elisabeth Gustafsdotter</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1843-11-27</span>)</span>27 November 1843<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Torslanda" title="Torslanda">Torslanda</a>, Sweden</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 September 1888<span style="display:none">(1888-09-30)</span> (aged 44)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel" title="Whitechapel">Whitechapel, London</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bleeding" title="Bleeding">Haemorrhage</a> due to partial severance of the left <a href="/wiki/Carotid_artery" title="Carotid artery">carotid artery</a>; severance of <a href="/wiki/Trachea" title="Trachea">trachea</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Body discovered</th><td class="infobox-data">Dutfield's Yard, Berner Street (now known as Henriques Street), Whitechapel, London<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Elizabeth_Stride&params=51.5137_N_0.0655_W_region:GB_type:landmark&title=Site+where+Elizabeth+Stride+body+was+found+in+Whitechapel"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°03′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5137°N 0.0655°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5137; -0.0655</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Site where Elizabeth Stride body was found in Whitechapel</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/East_London_Cemetery" title="East London Cemetery">East London Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Ham" title="West Ham">West Ham</a>, England<br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Elizabeth_Stride&params=51.526658_N_0.012057_E_region:UK_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°31′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°00′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.526658°N 0.012057°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.526658; 0.012057</span></span></span></a></span></span> (approximate)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Cleaner, casual prostitute</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Victim of serial murder</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">John Thomas Stride</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="7 March 1869">1869</span>; <abbr title="separated">sep.</abbr> 1881)<wbr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #FF0000"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#000000;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JacktheRipper1888_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/JacktheRipper1888_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-JacktheRipper1888_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/JacktheRipper1888_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-JacktheRipper1888_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/JacktheRipper1888_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-JacktheRipper1888_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="574" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#000000;color: #FF0000;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FF0000">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper" title="Jack the Ripper"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FF0000; text-decoration: inherit;">Jack the Ripper</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_murders" title="Whitechapel murders">Whitechapel murders</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Chapman" title="Annie Chapman">Annie Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Eddowes" title="Catherine Eddowes">Catherine Eddowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Kelly" title="Mary Jane Kelly">Mary Jane Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Nichols" title="Mary Ann Nichols">Mary Ann Nichols</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elizabeth Stride</a></li> <li>Speculated <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Elizabeth_Smith" title="Emma Elizabeth Smith">Emma Elizabeth Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Tabram" title="Martha Tabram">Martha Tabram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Torso_Murders" title="Thames Torso Murders">Thames Torso Murders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Mystery" title="Whitehall Mystery">Whitehall Mystery</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Locations</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durward_Street" title="Durward Street">Buck's Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Street_(Spitalfields)" title="Dorset Street (Spitalfields)">Dorset Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_and_Dean_Street" title="Flower and Dean Street">Flower and Dean Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbury_Street" title="Hanbury Street">Hanbury Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre_Square" title="Mitre Square">Mitre Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Bells" title="Ten Bells">Ten Bells</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Letters and clues</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Boss_letter" title="Dear Boss letter">"Dear Boss" letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saucy_Jacky_postcard" title="Saucy Jacky postcard">"Saucy Jacky" postcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Hell_letter" title="From Hell letter">"From Hell" letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Horrocks_Openshaw#Jack_the_Ripper" title="Thomas Horrocks Openshaw">Openshaw letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulston_Street_graffito" title="Goulston Street graffito">Goulston Street graffito</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Investigators</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Abberline" title="Frederick Abberline">Frederick Abberline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_(Scotland_Yard_official)" title="Robert Anderson (Scotland Yard official)">Robert Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Simon_Andrews" title="Walter Simon Andrews">Walter Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arnold_(police_officer)" title="Thomas Arnold (police officer)">Thomas Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dew" title="Walter Dew">Walter Dew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Godley" title="George Godley">George Godley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Macnaghten" title="Melville Macnaghten">Melville Macnaghten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore_(police_officer)" title="Henry Moore (police officer)">Henry Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Reid" title="Edmund Reid">Edmund Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Swanson" title="Donald Swanson">Donald Swanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren" title="Charles Warren">Charles Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Williamson" title="Adolphus Williamson">Adolphus Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Vigilance_Committee" title="Whitechapel Vigilance Committee">Whitechapel Vigilance Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Lusk" title="George Lusk">George Lusk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Doctors and coroners</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wynne_Edwin_Baxter" title="Wynne Edwin Baxter">Wynne Edwin Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bond_(British_surgeon)" title="Thomas Bond (British surgeon)">Thomas Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Macdonald_(politician)" title="Roderick Macdonald (politician)">Roderick Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Horrocks_Openshaw" title="Thomas Horrocks Openshaw">Thomas Horrocks Openshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bagster_Phillips" title="George Bagster Phillips">George Bagster Phillips</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Witnesses</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Hutchinson_(Jack_the_Ripper_suspect)" title="George Hutchinson (Jack the Ripper suspect)">George Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lawende" title="Joseph Lawende">Joseph Lawende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_Lechmere" title="Charles Allen Lechmere">Charles Allen Lechmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Schwartz" title="Israel Schwartz">Israel Schwartz</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_suspects" title="Jack the Ripper suspects">Suspects</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montague_Druitt" title="Montague Druitt">Montague Druitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Isenschmid" title="Jacob Isenschmid">Jacob Isenschmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Chapman_(murderer)" title="George Chapman (murderer)">George Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Kosminski" title="Aaron Kosminski">Aaron Kosminski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ostrog" title="Michael Ostrog">Michael Ostrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pizer" title="John Pizer">John Pizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Sadler" title="James Thomas Sadler">James Thomas Sadler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Tumblety" title="Francis Tumblety">Francis Tumblety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bury" title="William Henry Bury">William Henry Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neill_Cream" title="Thomas Neill Cream">Thomas Neill Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hayne_Cutbush" title="Thomas Hayne Cutbush">Thomas Hayne Cutbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Bailey_Deeming" title="Frederick Bailey Deeming">Frederick Bailey Deeming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Feigenbaum" title="Carl Feigenbaum">Carl Feigenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Donston_Stephenson" title="Robert Donston Stephenson">Robert Donston Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Victor,_Duke_of_Clarence_and_Avondale" title="Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale">Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barnett_(Jack_the_Ripper_suspect)" title="Joseph Barnett (Jack the Ripper suspect)">Joseph Barnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Clarkson" title="Willy Clarkson">Willy Clarkson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gull" title="William Gull">William Gull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hutchinson_(Jack_the_Ripper_suspect)" title="George Hutchinson (Jack the Ripper suspect)">George Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kelly_(murderer)" title="James Kelly (murderer)">James Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_Lechmere" title="Charles Allen Lechmere">Charles Allen Lechmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Levy_(murder_suspect)" title="Jacob Levy (murder suspect)">Jacob Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Maybrick" title="James Maybrick">James Maybrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Maybrick" title="Michael Maybrick">Michael Maybrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sickert" title="Walter Sickert">Walter Sickert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Silver" title="Joseph Silver">Joseph Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kenneth_Stephen" title="James Kenneth Stephen">James Kenneth Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Williams,_1st_Baronet,_of_the_City_of_London" title="Sir John Williams, 1st Baronet, of the City of London">Sir John Williams, 1st Baronet, of the City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Forbes_Winslow" title="L. Forbes Winslow">L. Forbes Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pearcey" title="Mary Pearcey">Mary Pearcey</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Legacy</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_in_fiction" title="Jack the Ripper in fiction">In fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Museum" title="Jack the Ripper Museum">Jack the Ripper Museum</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jack_the_Ripper_series" title="Template:Jack the Ripper series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jack_the_Ripper_series" title="Template talk:Jack the Ripper series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jack_the_Ripper_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jack the Ripper series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Elizabeth</b> "<b>Long Liz</b>" <b>Stride</b> (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a></span> <b>Gustafsdotter</b>; 27 November 1843 – 30 September 1888) is believed to have been the third victim of the unidentified <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper" title="Jack the Ripper">Jack the Ripper</a>, who killed and <a href="/wiki/Mutilation" title="Mutilation">mutilated</a> at least five women in the <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel" title="Whitechapel">Whitechapel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spitalfields" title="Spitalfields">Spitalfields</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> from late August to early November 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the other four <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper#Canonical_five" title="Jack the Ripper">canonical</a> Ripper victims, Stride had not been mutilated following her murder, leading some <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historians</a> to suspect Stride had not actually been murdered by Jack the Ripper.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Stride's murder occurred less than one hour before the murder of the Ripper's fourth canonical victim, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Eddowes" title="Catherine Eddowes">Catherine Eddowes</a>, within walking distance, and her act of murder is suspected to have been disturbed by an individual entering the crime scene upon a two-wheeled cart.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, both women had been murdered by slash wounds to the throat,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading most authors and researchers to consider Stride to be the third of the Ripper's canonical five victims.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stride was nicknamed "Long Liz". Several explanations have been given for this <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a>; some believe it sources from her married surname (a stride being a reference to a long step),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others believe this is a reference to either her height,<sup id="cite_ref-height_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-height-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or her general facial structure. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stride was born <b>Elisabeth Gustafsdotter</b> on 27 November 1843 in Stora Tumlehed,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a rural village within the parish of <a href="/wiki/Torslanda" title="Torslanda">Torslanda</a>, west of <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._96_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._96-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the second of four children born to Swedish farmer Gustaf Ericsson (age 32) and his wife Beata Carlsdotter (age 33). As a child, Gustafsdotter lived upon this village farm. All four children were raised in the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> faith, and all were required to perform numerous chores upon the farm.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torslanda_kyrka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Torslanda_kyrka.jpg/220px-Torslanda_kyrka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Torslanda_kyrka.jpg/330px-Torslanda_kyrka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Torslanda_kyrka.jpg/440px-Torslanda_kyrka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Torslanda_Church" title="Torslanda Church">Church of Torslanda</a>. Gustafsdotter was <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmed</a> at this church in 1859.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gustafsdotter was <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmed</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Torslanda_Church" title="Torslanda Church">Church of Torslanda</a> on 14 August 1859 at the age of 15, with contemporary records indicating her <a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">biblical knowledge</a> as being thorough.<sup id="cite_ref-Biblical_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblical-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, she chose to relocate from Stora Tumlehed to the city of Gothenburg in search of employment.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter, she obtained employment as a domestic worker in the Gothenburg parish of Carl Johan, being employed by a couple named Olofsson. This employment lasted until 2 February 1864,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereupon Gustafsdotter relocated to another district of Gothenburg, again securing employment as a domestic servant.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was between 5 ft 2 in (1.57 m)<sup id="cite_ref-reid_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reid-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m)<sup id="cite_ref-height_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-height-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in height and had curly dark brown hair, light grey eyes and a pale complexion.<sup id="cite_ref-reid_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reid-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the other canonical victims of the <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_murders" title="Whitechapel murders">Whitechapel murders</a>—at least three of whom resorted to prostitution due to poverty following failed marriages—Stride became a prostitute earlier in life. Gothenburg police records dating from March 1865 confirm her arrest upon this charge.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was treated at least twice for <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">venereal disease</a>. On 21 April 1865, Gustafsdotter gave birth to a <a href="/wiki/Stillbirth" title="Stillbirth">stillborn</a> girl.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relocation_to_London">Relocation to London</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Relocation to London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 1866,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gustafsdotter moved from Gothenburg to London. Her actual reason for relocating from Sweden to England is unknown, as she is known to have told acquaintances two differing stories as to why she relocated. To some, Gustafsdotter claimed she had relocated to England due to her employment in the domestic service of "a gentleman" who lived near <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._96_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._96-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to others, Gustafsdotter claimed she had family in London and chose to visit her relatives in the city before opting to remain in England.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whatever the truth regarding Gustafsdotter's decision to relocate to London, it is likely she funded this trip with the 65 <a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">kronor</a> she inherited following the death of her mother in August 1864, and which she had received in late 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon her arrival in London, Gusdafsdotter learned to speak both <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> in addition to her native language. She is also known to have briefly dated a policeman in the late 1860s.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage">Marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 March 1869, Gustafsdotter married John Thomas Stride, a ship's carpenter from <a href="/wiki/Sheerness" title="Sheerness">Sheerness</a>, who was 22 years her senior.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They married in a modest ceremony at <a href="/wiki/St_Giles_in_the_Fields" title="St Giles in the Fields">St Giles in the Fields</a> Church.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had no children.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For several years after their marriage, the couple resided in <a href="/wiki/East_India_Dock_Road" title="East India Dock Road">East India Dock Road</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> operating a coffee shop in <a href="/wiki/Poplar,_London" title="Poplar, London">Poplar</a>, east London. This business was initially located on Upper North Road before the establishment relocated to Poplar High Street in approximately 1871. Their income throughout this period was also supplemented by John Stride continuing his trade as a carpenter.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1874, the Strides' marriage had begun to deteriorate, although they continued to live together. The following year, John Stride sold the coffee shop, likely due to financial hardship.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separation">Separation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Separation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1877, Stride was admitted to the Poplar <a href="/wiki/Workhouse" title="Workhouse">Workhouse</a>, suggesting that the couple had separated by this date.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._96_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._96-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> records from 1881 indicate the two had reunited<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lived together in the district of <a href="/wiki/Bow,_London" title="Bow, London">Bow</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the couple had permanently separated by the end of that year, with Stride being admitted to a Whitechapel workhouse infirmary suffering from <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">bronchitis</a> in December 1881. She was discharged from this infirmary on 4 January 1882, and is believed to have taken residence in one of several <a href="/wiki/Common_lodging-house" title="Common lodging-house">common lodging-houses</a> on <a href="/wiki/Flower_and_Dean_Street" title="Flower and Dean Street">Flower and Dean Street</a>, Whitechapel, shortly thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, on 24 October 1884, John Stride died of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Stepney_and_Poplar_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Stepney and Poplar (UK Parliament constituency)">Poplar and Stepney</a> Sick Asylum.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MiddlesexStretcEddowes.Ripper..c.1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/MiddlesexStretcEddowes.Ripper..c.1890.jpg/220px-MiddlesexStretcEddowes.Ripper..c.1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/MiddlesexStretcEddowes.Ripper..c.1890.jpg/330px-MiddlesexStretcEddowes.Ripper..c.1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/MiddlesexStretcEddowes.Ripper..c.1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Lane_Market" title="Petticoat Lane Market">Middlesex Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spitalfields" title="Spitalfields">Spitalfields</a>, c. 1890. Stride frequently resided in <a href="/wiki/Common_lodging-house" title="Common lodging-house">common lodging-houses</a> within this district of London in the years prior to her murder.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the years following the collapse of her marriage and the death of her husband, Stride is known to have informed several individuals that her husband and two of her nine children had <a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">drowned</a> in the 1878 sinking of the <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Princess_Alice_(1865)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Princess Alice (1865)">Princess Alice</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>. According to Stride, she and her husband had been employed upon this steamer,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although she had survived the accident by climbing the ship's <a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">mast</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but as she had done so, she had been kicked in the mouth by another survivor of the sinking, and this injury to her <a href="/wiki/Palate" title="Palate">palate</a> had caused a permanent <a href="/wiki/Stuttering" title="Stuttering">stutter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_lodging_residences">Common lodging residences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Common lodging residences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While residing in common lodging-houses, Stride occasionally received charitable assistance from the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a> in London, and from 1885 until her death lived much of the time with local dock labourer Michael Kidney, who resided in Devonshire Street. The couple had a tumultuous relationship and regularly separated, with Stride sleeping in local lodging houses before returning to live with Kidney.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceD_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1887, Stride filed a formal assault charge against Kidney, although she failed to pursue this charge in court and the case was <a href="/wiki/Discharge_(sentence)" title="Discharge (sentence)">discharged</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her relationship with Kidney continued in an on-and-off manner between 1885 and 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to prostitution, Stride occasionally earned income from sewing and housecleaning. An acquaintance described her as having a calm temperament,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though she appeared before the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Magistrates%27_Court" title="Thames Magistrates' Court">Thames Magistrates' Court</a> on approximately eight occasions<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for both <a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">drunk and disorderly conduct</a> and the use of obscene language, with the final occasion being on 3 September 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally, Stride used the alias Annie Fitzgerald at these hearings.<sup id="cite_ref-Fido,_p._54_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fido,_p._54-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1888">1888</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1888"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following an argument on 26 September 1888, Stride and Kidney again separated, and she again took residence at 32 Flower and Dean Street (then a notorious slum and criminal <a href="/wiki/Rookery_(slum)" title="Rookery (slum)">rookery</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), informing a fellow lodger named Catherine Lane she and Kidney "had had a few words".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceF_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceF-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the following days she regularly earned money by performing cleaning duties, both at the lodging house and for local residents, being observed by the housekeeper, Elizabeth Tanner, to be a quiet woman who occasionally performed cleaning work for the local Jewish community.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29_September">29 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 29 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the day prior to her murder, Stride is known to have cleaned two rooms at her lodging house, for which she was paid <a href="/wiki/Sixpence_(British_coin)" title="Sixpence (British coin)">sixpence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceD_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That evening, she wore a black jacket and skirt, with a <a href="/wiki/Nosegay" title="Nosegay">posy</a> of a red rose in a spray of either maidenhair fern or asparagus leaves. Her outfit was complemented by a black crêpe bonnet. In an effort to make her clothing look more respectable, she is known to have borrowed a brush from a fellow resident. At 6:30 p.m., Stride and Elizabeth Tanner briefly visited the Queen's Head pub on <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Street,_London" title="Commercial Street, London">Commercial Street</a> before Stride returned alone to the lodging house.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequent <a href="/wiki/Witness" title="Witness">eyewitness</a> accounts of Stride's movements later in the evening of 29 September and the early morning of 30 September indicate she may have been in the company of one or more acquaintances and/or <a href="/wiki/John_(prostitution)" class="mw-redirect" title="John (prostitution)">clients</a>. The first of these individuals is described as a short man with a dark moustache, wearing a morning suit and bowler hat, with whom she was seen at approximately 11:00 p.m. at a location close to Berner Street. A second eyewitness account by labourer William Marshall places Stride in the company of a man wearing a peaked cap, black coat and dark trousers standing on the pavement opposite number 58 Berner Street at approximately 11:45 p.m. According to Marshall, Stride had stood with this "decently dressed" individual, and the two had repeatedly kissed before the man had said to her: "You would say anything but your prayers."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="30_September">30 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 30 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At 12:35 a.m., <a href="/wiki/Constable" title="Constable">PC</a> William Smith saw Stride with a man wearing a hard felt hat standing opposite the International Working Men's Educational Club, a <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> and predominantly Jewish social club, at 40 Berner Street (since renamed <a href="/wiki/Henriques_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Henriques Street">Henriques Street</a>) in Whitechapel. The man was carrying a package about 18 inches (45 cm) long.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having no reason to feel suspicious, Smith continued on his <a href="/wiki/Beat_(police)" title="Beat (police)">beat</a> in the direction of Commercial Road.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceG_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceG-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 12:35 a.m. and 12:45 a.m., dockworker James Brown saw a woman he believed to be Stride standing with her back against a wall at the corner of Berner Street speaking with a man of average build in a long black coat. Brown heard Stride say, "No. Not tonight. Some other night."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Berner.jpg/220px-Berner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Berner.jpg/330px-Berner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Berner.jpg/440px-Berner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Berner Street, seen here in 1909. The body of Stride was discovered in Dutfield's Yard (visible beneath the suspended cartwheel) on 30 September 1888.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Murder">Murder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Murder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stride's body was discovered at approximately 1:00 a.m. on Sunday 30 September 1888 in the adjacent Dutfield's Yard<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Louis Diemschutz, the steward of the International Working Men's Educational Club. Diemschutz had driven into the poorly illuminated yard with his horse and two-wheeled cart, when his horse abruptly shied to the left<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to avoid what appeared to be a bundle lying upon the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noting what he later described as a "dark object" lying on the ground, Diemschutz unsuccessfully attempted to lift the object with his whip handle before leaving his cart<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to inspect it.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon lighting a match, Diemschutz saw a prone body. He immediately ran inside the club to check his wife was safe. After finding her safe and sound, he reported his discovery before the group promptly dispersed to seek help.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blood was still flowing from a single knife wound inflicted to Stride's neck and, although her hands were cold to the touch, other sections of her body were either slightly or "quite" warm.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests Stride was killed shortly before Diemschutz's arrival in the yard. Several patrons of the Working Men's Educational Club who had left the premises between 12:30 and 12:50 a.m., later informed police they had observed nothing amiss.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-mortem">Post-mortem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-mortem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first doctor to arrive was Frederick William Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/Forensic_pathology" title="Forensic pathology">Police surgeon</a> Dr <a href="/wiki/George_Bagster_Phillips" title="George Bagster Phillips">George Bagster Phillips</a>, who had examined the body of previous Whitechapel murder victim <a href="/wiki/Annie_Chapman" title="Annie Chapman">Annie Chapman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._101_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._101-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arrived about 10 minutes later.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phillips's official <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">post-mortem</a> documents state: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The body was lying on the near side, with the face turned toward the wall, the head up the yard and the feet toward the street. The left arm was extended and there was a packet of <a href="/wiki/Throat_lozenge" title="Throat lozenge">cachous</a> in the left hand. ... The right arm was over the belly; the back of the hand and wrist had on it clotted blood. The legs were drawn up with the feet close to the wall. The body and face were warm and the hand cold. The legs were quite warm.<br />The deceased had a silk handkerchief round her neck, and it appeared to be slightly torn. I have since ascertained it was cut. This corresponded with the right angle of the jaw. The throat was deeply gashed, and there was an abrasion of the skin about one and a quarter inches in diameter, apparently stained with blood, under her right brow.<br />At 3 p.m. on Monday at St. George's Mortuary, Dr Blackwell and I made a post-mortem examination. <a href="/wiki/Rigor_mortis" title="Rigor mortis">Rigor mortis</a> was still thoroughly marked. There was mud on the left side of the face and it was matted in the head. ... The body was fairly nourished. Over both shoulders, especially the right, and under the collarbone and in front of the chest there was a blueish discolouration, which I have watched and have seen on two occasions since.<br />There was a clear-cut incision on the neck. It was six inches in length and commenced two and a half inches in a straight line below the angle of the jaw, three-quarters of an inch over an undivided muscle, and then, becoming deeper, dividing the <a href="/wiki/Carotid_sheath" title="Carotid sheath">sheath</a>. The cut was very clean and deviated a little downwards. The <a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">arteries</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">vessels</a> contained in the sheath were all cut through. The cut through the <a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">tissues</a> on the right side was more superficial and tailed off to about two inches below the right angle of the jaw. The deep vessels on that side were uninjured. From this, it was evident that the <a href="/wiki/Bleeding" title="Bleeding">haemorrhage</a> was caused through the partial severance of the left <a href="/wiki/Carotid_artery" title="Carotid artery">carotid artery</a> and a small bladed knife could have been used.<br />Decomposition had commenced in the skin. Dark brown spots were on the anterior surface of the left chin. There was a deformity in the bones of the right leg, which was not straight but bowed forwards. There was no recent external injury save to the neck.<br />The body being washed more thoroughly, I could see some healing sores. The <a href="/wiki/Earlobe" title="Earlobe">lobe</a> of the left ear was torn as if from the removal or wearing through of an earring, but it was thoroughly healed. On removing the scalp there was no sign of bruising or extravasation of blood. ... The heart was small, the left <a href="/wiki/Ventricle_(heart)" title="Ventricle (heart)">ventricle</a> firmly contracted, and the right slightly so. There was no clot in the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">pulmonary artery</a>, but the right ventricle was full of dark clot. The left was firmly contracted as to be absolutely empty. The stomach was large and the mucous membrane only congested. It contained partly digested food, apparently consisting of cheese, potato, and farinaceous powder [flour or milled grain]. All the teeth on the lower left jaw were absent.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Blackwell opined his belief that Stride's murderer may have pulled her backwards onto the ground by her <a href="/wiki/Neckerchief" title="Neckerchief">neckerchief</a> (the bow of which was observed to be markedly tight<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) before cutting her throat.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phillips concurred with this opinion, stating that Stride had probably been lying on her back<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when she was killed by a single, swift slash wound from left to right across her neck,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> strongly indicating her murderer had been right-handed. Bruising on Stride's chest suggested that she had been pinned to the ground prior to the wound to her neck being inflicted.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutfield%27s_Yard_(Berner_Street,_Whitechapel).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dutfield%27s_Yard_%28Berner_Street%2C_Whitechapel%29.jpg/220px-Dutfield%27s_Yard_%28Berner_Street%2C_Whitechapel%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dutfield%27s_Yard_%28Berner_Street%2C_Whitechapel%29.jpg/330px-Dutfield%27s_Yard_%28Berner_Street%2C_Whitechapel%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dutfield%27s_Yard_%28Berner_Street%2C_Whitechapel%29.jpg/440px-Dutfield%27s_Yard_%28Berner_Street%2C_Whitechapel%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to Dutfield's Yard. Louis Diemschutz discovered Stride's body at this location at 1:00 a.m. on 30 September 1888</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penny_Illustrated_Paper_-_6th_October,_1888_-_The_Discovery_in_Berner_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Penny_Illustrated_Paper_-_6th_October%2C_1888_-_The_Discovery_in_Berner_Street.jpg/220px-Penny_Illustrated_Paper_-_6th_October%2C_1888_-_The_Discovery_in_Berner_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Penny_Illustrated_Paper_-_6th_October%2C_1888_-_The_Discovery_in_Berner_Street.jpg/330px-Penny_Illustrated_Paper_-_6th_October%2C_1888_-_The_Discovery_in_Berner_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Penny_Illustrated_Paper_-_6th_October%2C_1888_-_The_Discovery_in_Berner_Street.jpg/440px-Penny_Illustrated_Paper_-_6th_October%2C_1888_-_The_Discovery_in_Berner_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>6 October 1888 edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Penny_Illustrated_Paper" title="Penny Illustrated Paper">Penny Illustrated Paper</a></i> depicting the discovery of Stride's body</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigation">Investigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Police searched the crime scene and interrogated everyone who had been at the International Working Men's Educational Club, as well as all residents of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Israel_Schwartz" title="Israel Schwartz">Israel Schwartz</a> told investigators he had seen Stride being attacked outside Dutfield's Yard at approximately 12:45 a.m. by a man with dark hair, a small brown moustache and approximately 5 feet 5 inches in height. According to Schwartz, this man attempted to pull Stride onto the street before turning her around and shoving her to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Schwartz had observed this assault, Stride's assailant shouted the word "<a href="/wiki/Israel_Lipski" title="Israel Lipski">Lipski</a>" either to Schwartz himself or to a second man who had exited the club amidst this altercation and lit a pipe.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schwartz did not testify at the inquest on Stride, possibly because he was of Hungarian descent and spoke very little, if any, English.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ripper investigator <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Knight_(author)" title="Stephen Knight (author)">Stephen Knight</a> found Schwartz's statement in case files in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At approximately the same time, Stride (or a woman matching her description) was seen by James Brown rejecting the advances of a stoutish man slightly taller than her in the adjacent street to Berner Street (Fairclough Street).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A note in the margin of the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> files on the case points out that there was sufficient time for Stride to meet another individual between her death and the latest sightings of her.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No money was found on or near Stride's body. This indicated that her money could have been taken during or after the altercation witnessed by Israel Schwartz, or by her murderer if it were not the same person.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seemed she had willingly entered Dutfield's Yard and had either encountered her murderer within or had walked there with the person before being attacked.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mrs Fanny Mortimer, who lived two doors away from the club, had stood in Berner Street to listen to the communal singing at about the time Stride had been murdered, but had not seen anyone entering the yard or heard anything amiss.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mortimer did see a man with a shiny black bag race past, and this was reported widely in the press. However, one of the club's members, Leon Goldstein, identified himself as the man Mortimer had seen and he was soon eliminated from the inquiry.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 October, Chief Inspector Swanson reported that 80,000 leaflets appealing for information about the murder had been distributed around Whitechapel, noting that, among other lines of enquiry, some 2,000 lodgers had been interrogated or investigated in relation to her death.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaction_of_Michael_Kidney">Reaction of Michael Kidney</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reaction of Michael Kidney"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 October, a drunken Michael Kidney walked into Leman Street police station and accused the police of <a href="/wiki/Competence_(human_resources)" title="Competence (human resources)">incompetence</a>, stating that had he been a policeman on duty in Berner Street during the murder, he would have shot himself.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kidney has been suspected of being Stride's murderer because of their turbulent relationship and because there is no record of his alibi.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, investigators appear to have eliminated Kidney from their inquiries. </p><p>The following year, Whitechapel Workhouse Infirmary records show Kidney visited three times: for <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> in June 1889; for <a href="/wiki/Lumbago" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbago">lumbago</a> that August; and for <a href="/wiki/Dyspepsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyspepsia">dyspepsia</a> in October.<sup id="cite_ref-Fido,_p._56_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fido,_p._56-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kidney's declining health and general distress in the year after Stride's murder indicates a detrimental <a href="/wiki/Psychological_stress" title="Psychological stress">psychological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stress_(biology)" title="Stress (biology)">emotional</a> reaction to her death.<sup id="cite_ref-Fido,_p._56_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fido,_p._56-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"When you entered [Dutfield's Yard], if any person had run out you would have seen them in the dark?" </p><p>"Oh yes, it was light enough for that ... it was dark in the gateway, but not so dark further in the yard." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)">Middlesex</a> coroner <a href="/wiki/Wynne_Edwin_Baxter" title="Wynne Edwin Baxter">Wynne Edwin Baxter</a>, questioning witness Louis Diemschutz. 1 October 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inquest">Inquest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Inquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Inquest" title="Inquest">inquest</a> into Stride's death was opened at the <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Town_Hall" title="St George's Town Hall">Vestry Hall, Cable Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_George_in_the_East" title="St George in the East">St George in the East</a> on 1 October.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This inquest was presided over by the <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)">Middlesex</a> coroner, <a href="/wiki/Wynne_Edwin_Baxter" title="Wynne Edwin Baxter">Wynne Edwin Baxter</a>. The first day of the inquest heard testimony from three witnesses: two patrons of the International Working Men's Educational Club who had been in the premises on the night of Stride's murder, and Louis Diemschutz. The two patrons to testify—<a href="/wiki/Woolf_Wess" title="Woolf Wess">William Wess</a> and Morris Eagle—each stated approximately 25 to 30 individuals had been in the club at the time of the discovery of Stride's body, that they had heard nothing amiss while in the club, with Wess also stating Stride's body could not have been in the location where Diemschutz had discovered her when he had left the premises at approximately 12:15 a.m. Diemschutz recounted his discovery of Stride's body<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceG_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceG-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before informing the coroner the first medical personnel at the scene had arrived "about twenty minutes" after the police.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second day of the inquest heard conflicting testimony as to the identity of the deceased. Although police were certain the woman was Stride, a Mrs Mary Malcolm swore the body was that of her sister, Elizabeth Watts.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a> and surgeon Frederick Blackwell said he had been summoned to the crime scene at precisely 1:16 a.m. on 30 September by a policeman, being joined by Dr Phillips approximately 20 minutes later.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blackwell testified blood was still flowing from Stride's neck wound into a gutter and down a drain close to her feet, and that he estimated death had occurred "from twenty minutes to half an hour" prior to his arrival. As the blood vessels on only one side of Stride's neck had been cut, with her carotid artery only partially severed, Blackwell stated her death would have occurred "comparatively slowly", and that Stride would have been unable to cry for help.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Character_testimony">Character testimony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Character testimony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 3 October, the housekeeper of the common lodging-house Stride resided in at the time of her murder, Elizabeth Tanner, testified that Stride, who she knew as "Long Liz", had lodged at 32 Flower and Dean Street "on and off, for the last six years". Prior to 26 September, she "had been away from my [lodging] house about three months". Tanner stated Stride had been a "very quiet" and sober woman.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanner said that, although Stride had Swedish heritage, she had "[spoken] English as well as an English woman". Stride had informed her that her husband and children had drowned in the 1878 <i>Princess Alice</i> <a href="/wiki/Paddle_steamer" title="Paddle steamer">paddle steamer</a> sinking.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charwoman" title="Charwoman">Charwoman</a> Catherine Lane also testified she knew Stride as a Swede named Long Liz whom she had known for about six months. Lane said Stride had informed her shortly before her death that she had "had a few words" with her partner, and that this was the reason she was again taking residence at Flower and Dean Street. Stride had given Lane a large piece of green <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</a> as she left the lodging-house before her death, asking Lane to "mind" the garment until she returned.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 October, Michael Kidney formally identified Stride's body, stating the two had been in a relationship for "nearly three years". He added that they had occasionally separated because of Stride's heavy drinking, although she inevitably returned to him.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_testimony">Medical testimony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Medical testimony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dr Phillips testified that the cause of death had been "undoubtedly the loss of blood from the left carotid artery and the division of the windpipe." He firmly believed Stride had been "seized by the shoulders and placed on the ground, and that [her] murderer was [kneeling to] her right side" when he had inflicted the wound to her throat.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conclusion">Conclusion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Conclusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inquest into Stride's murder lasted five days, with the final day of hearings being <a href="/wiki/Adjournment" title="Adjournment">adjourned</a> until 23 October. This final day of the hearing saw three witnesses testify—all of whom provided testimony confirming the identity of the decedent.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the conclusion of this final day of hearings, coroner Baxter stated his belief that Stride had been attacked in a swift, sudden manner,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with her death undoubtedly being a homicide, and no known circumstances being available which could reduce the crime to one of <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a>. The murderer could have taken advantage of the checked scarf Stride was wearing to grab her from behind before slitting her throat,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as had earlier been suggested by Phillips. Baxter, however, thought the absence of a shout for assistance and the lack of obvious marks of a struggle indicated that Stride had willingly lain down on the ground before the wound had been inflicted.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stride was still clenching a packet of cachous in her left hand when she was discovered,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicating that she had not had time to defend herself and that the attack had been sudden.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In relation to the actual crime scene, Baxter noted the decedent had been attacked in the passageway leading into a courtyard in which several families resided in cottages located a matter of yards from where her body was discovered, and that although this location afforded darkness, it was unlikely the murderer would have selected the location on account of Dutfield's Yard being an unfrequented location. Baxter further noted the windows of the International Working Men's Educational Club had been open, and that both Stride and her assailant would undoubtedly have heard the patrons' singing and dancing.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With regard to the witness testimony pertaining to the man or men seen in Stride's company in the two hours before the discovery of her body, Baxter stated many points of similarity had been given with regards to the physical description of the individual in her company, but also some of dissimilarity. However, Baxter stated these discrepancies did not conclusively prove there had been more than one man in the company of Stride between 11:00 p.m. and 12:45 a.m., but that the eyewitness descriptions suggested either that she had been in the company of a minimum of two men in her final hours, or that one or more eyewitness was mistaken in details of the description of the man he had seen.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ES_death_cert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/ES_death_cert.jpg/220px-ES_death_cert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/ES_death_cert.jpg/330px-ES_death_cert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/ES_death_cert.jpg/440px-ES_death_cert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Death_certificate" title="Death certificate">Death certificate</a> of Elizabeth Stride, 24 October 1888</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Illustrated_Police_News_-_6_October_1888_-_Two_more_Whitechapel_Horrors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Illustrated_Police_News_-_6_October_1888_-_Two_more_Whitechapel_Horrors.jpg/220px-The_Illustrated_Police_News_-_6_October_1888_-_Two_more_Whitechapel_Horrors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Illustrated_Police_News_-_6_October_1888_-_Two_more_Whitechapel_Horrors.jpg/330px-The_Illustrated_Police_News_-_6_October_1888_-_Two_more_Whitechapel_Horrors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Illustrated_Police_News_-_6_October_1888_-_Two_more_Whitechapel_Horrors.jpg/440px-The_Illustrated_Police_News_-_6_October_1888_-_Two_more_Whitechapel_Horrors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Section of the 6 October 1888 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_Police_News" title="The Illustrated Police News">The Illustrated Police News</a></i> depicting the discoveries of the bodies of Elizabeth Stride and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Eddowes" title="Catherine Eddowes">Catherine Eddowes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following a short deliberation, the jury, having been instructed to deliberate precisely how, when, and by what means Stride came about her death, returned a unanimous verdict: "Wilful murder against some person or persons unknown."<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connection_to_Jack_the_Ripper">Connection to Jack the Ripper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Connection to Jack the Ripper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stride's murder occurred in the midst of the spree of murders attributed to a serial offender known prior to her death as both the Whitechapel Murderer and Leather Apron, and due to <a href="/wiki/Dear_Boss_letter" title="Dear Boss letter">a letter</a> forwarded to <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a> the day immediately prior to her death as Jack the Ripper.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, unlike at least three other murder victims then-ascribed to this perpetrator (each of whom had received extensive abdominal injuries in addition to one or more slash wounds across her neck), Stride had received no mutilation injuries, with her sole injury being a deep cut measuring two-and-a-half-inches beneath her jaw, which had severed her left <a href="/wiki/Carotid_artery" title="Carotid artery">carotid artery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trachea" title="Trachea">trachea</a> and had terminated beneath her right jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As two other murders (those of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Nichols" title="Mary Ann Nichols">Mary Ann Nichols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Chapman" title="Annie Chapman">Annie Chapman</a>) had occurred in the districts of Whitechapel and Spitalfields—both of which had been initially caused by knife wounds to the throat—within the previous month, Stride's murder was added to the <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_murders" title="Whitechapel murders">Whitechapel murders</a> investigation, and was widely believed to have been perpetrated by the same killer. However, some commentators on the case conclude that Stride's murder was unconnected to the other canonical murders<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This opinion is upon the basis that the body had not been subjected to any mutilation and that this murder was the only murder ascribed to Jack the Ripper to occur south of <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Road" title="Whitechapel Road">Whitechapel Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, it is believed that the blade used to cause the wound to Stride's neck may have been shorter and of a different design than that used to murder and subsequently mutilate the other four canonical murder victims.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most experts, however, consider the similarities in this case distinctive enough to connect Stride's murder with the two earlier Ripper murders, in addition to the murder of Catherine Eddowes later that same night.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The murder of Stride is regarded as one of the canonical Ripper killings due to numerous factors, including the general physical and lifestyle characteristics of the victim, the day of the week she had been murdered, the time of death, the murder location, and the method of her murder. It is suspected that when Stride's murderer heard Diemschutz's horse and two-wheeled cart approaching or entering Dutfield's Yard, he ceased his attack. The killer may have still been inside Dutfield's Yard upon Diemschutz's approach, as the gate on Berner Street was the only point of entry. He may have escaped when Diemschutz entered the International Working Men's Educational Club.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Less than one hour later, Catherine Eddowes was murdered in <a href="/wiki/Mitre_Square" title="Mitre Square">Mitre Square</a>, and both Stride and Eddowes had lived in Flower and Dean Street.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The deaths of Eddowes and Stride sent London into a renewed state of general panic, as this was the first occasion in which two murders ascribed to the Ripper had occurred in one night. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FromHellLetter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Scrawled and misspelt note reading: From hell—Mr Lusk—Sir I send you half the kidne I took from one woman prasarved it for you tother piece I fried and ate it was very nise I may send you the bloody knif that took it out if you only wate a whil longer—Signed Catch me when you can Mishter Lusk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/FromHellLetter.jpg/150px-FromHellLetter.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/FromHellLetter.jpg/225px-FromHellLetter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/FromHellLetter.jpg/300px-FromHellLetter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/From_Hell_letter" title="From Hell letter">"From Hell"</a> letter, received by <a href="/wiki/George_Lusk" title="George Lusk">George Lusk</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Vigilance_Committee" title="Whitechapel Vigilance Committee">Whitechapel Vigilance Committee</a> on 16 October 1888</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Correspondence">Correspondence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Correspondence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/From_Hell_letter" title="From Hell letter">From Hell letter</a></div> <p>On 1 October, a postcard dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Saucy_Jacky_postcard" title="Saucy Jacky postcard">"Saucy Jacky" postcard</a> and also signed "Jack the Ripper", was received by the <a href="/wiki/Central_News_Agency_(London)" title="Central News Agency (London)">Central News Agency</a>. This letter claimed responsibility for the murders of both Stride and Eddowes, and described the killing of the two women as a "double event"; a designation which has endured.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been argued that this postcard was mailed before the murders were publicised, making it unlikely that a <a href="/wiki/Crank_(person)" title="Crank (person)">crank</a> would hold such detailed knowledge of the crime.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the letter was postmarked more than 24 hours after the killings had occurred; long after details of the murders were known by both journalists and residents of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-saucy_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saucy-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police officials later claimed to have identified a journalist as the author of the postcard,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading this letter to be dismissed as a hoax,<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an assessment shared by most Ripper historians.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two weeks later, on 16 October, a parcel containing half a preserved<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> human kidney, accompanied by a note, was received by the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Vigilance_Committee" title="Whitechapel Vigilance Committee">Whitechapel Vigilance Committee</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Lusk" title="George Lusk">George Lusk</a>. This note has become known as both the "Lusk letter" and the <a href="/wiki/From_Hell_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="From Hell (letter)">"From hell" letter</a>, because of the return address used by the writer: "From hell". The author of this letter claimed to have "fried and ate" the missing half of the human kidney. The handwriting and general style of this letter significantly differ from that of the "Saucy Jacky" postcard. </p><p>The section of kidney was taken to Dr <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Horrocks_Openshaw" title="Thomas Horrocks Openshaw">Thomas Horrocks Openshaw</a> at the nearby <a href="/wiki/Royal_London_Hospital" title="Royal London Hospital">Royal London Hospital</a>. He believed that the kidney was human and originated from the left side of the individual from whom it had been taken. Dr Openshaw also stated the organ had been preserved in spirits prior to postage.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acting Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City Police</a>, Major Henry Smith, claimed in his memoirs that this kidney matched the one missing from the body of Catherine Eddowes, because the length of <a href="/wiki/Renal_artery" title="Renal artery">renal artery</a> attached to the kidney matched the missing length from Eddowes's body, and that the <a href="/wiki/Forensic_science" title="Forensic science">forensic examination</a> conducted upon Eddowes's body and the section of kidney revealed signs of <a href="/wiki/Bright%27s_disease" title="Bright's disease">Bright's disease</a>. Smith's story is considered by some historians to be a dramatic recollection on his part.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_theories">Other theories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his book <i><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper:_The_Final_Solution" title="Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution">Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution</a></i>, author <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Knight_(author)" title="Stephen Knight (author)">Stephen Knight</a> linked the prominent physician <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Gull,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Gull, 1st Baronet">Sir William Gull</a> to Stride on the basis that both were reported to carry grapes; a theory which another author, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Fido" title="Martin Fido">Martin Fido</a>, has dismissed as a "wild allegation".<sup id="cite_ref-Fido,_p._54_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fido,_p._54-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A grocer named Matthew Packer is known to have implied to two private detectives employed by the <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Vigilance_Committee" title="Whitechapel Vigilance Committee">Whitechapel Vigilance Committee</a> named Le Grand and Batchelor that he had sold some grapes to Stride and her murderer shortly before her death.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When interviewed by the police, Packer described the man he had seen as being aged between 25 and 30, slightly taller than Stride, and wearing a soft felt hat.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither of Packer's descriptions of this individual matched witness statements provided by other witnesses who may also have seen Stride with potential clients shortly before her murder. However, overall, the witness descriptions given to police of individuals seen either in the company of Stride or the vicinity of her murder differed significantly.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, Packer is known to have also informed a police sergeant named Stephen White that he had closed his shop on the date of the murder without seeing any suspicious characters or activity.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the inquest into Stride's murder, <a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathologists</a> had stated emphatically that the decedent had not held, swallowed or consumed grapes in the hours before her death.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Blackwell and Phillips described the contents of Stride's stomach as being "cheese, potatoes and farinaceous powder".<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Packer's self-contradictory statements, investigators did discover a single grape stalk in Dutfield's Yard,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his story was reported in the <i><a href="/wiki/London_Evening_News" title="London Evening News">London Evening News</a></i> on 3 October.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the overall commander of the investigation into the Ripper murders, Chief Inspector <a href="/wiki/Donald_Swanson" title="Donald Swanson">Donald Swanson</a>, is known to have stated that "any statement [made by grocer Matthew Packer] would be rendered almost valueless as evidence"<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had likely been fabricated in order that Packer could sell his story to the press.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further doubt is cast on the truthfulness of Packer's accounts by the general character of Le Grand (also known as Charles Grand, Charles Grandy, Charles Grant, Christian Neilson, and Christian Nelson). This individual had accrued an extensive criminal record, which included assault on a prostitute and conviction for theft. He was convicted of conspiracy to defraud in 1889 and served two years' imprisonment. After his release, he was arrested while in possession of a revolver and charged with demanding money with menace; a crime for which he was sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Stride_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Elizabeth_Stride_grave.jpg/150px-Elizabeth_Stride_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Elizabeth_Stride_grave.jpg/225px-Elizabeth_Stride_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Elizabeth_Stride_grave.jpg/300px-Elizabeth_Stride_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1335" data-file-height="1820" /></a><figcaption>Stride's grave in <a href="/wiki/East_London_Cemetery" title="East London Cemetery">East London Cemetery</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funeral">Funeral</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Funeral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elizabeth Stride was buried on Saturday 6 October 1888 in the <a href="/wiki/East_London_Cemetery" title="East London Cemetery">East London Cemetery</a>, located within the <a href="/wiki/East_London" title="East London">east London</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Plaistow,_Newham" title="Plaistow, Newham">Plaistow</a>. Her funeral was attended by a small number of mourners, and the costs were provided at the expense of the parish by the undertaker, a Mr Hawkes.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her headstone is inscribed with her name and the years of her birth and death.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>A Study in Terror</i> (1965). This film casts <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norma_Foster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norma Foster (page does not exist)">Norma Foster</a> as Elizabeth Stride.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Lies_Bleeding_(1999_film)" title="Love Lies Bleeding (1999 film)">Love Lies Bleeding</a></i> (1999). A <a href="/wiki/Drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama film">drama film</a> directed by William Tannen. Stride is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Bendov%C3%A1" title="Alice Bendová">Alice Bendová</a> in this film.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Hell_(film)" title="From Hell (film)">From Hell</a>.</i> (2001). Directed by <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hughes Brothers">the Hughes Brothers</a>, the film casts <a href="/wiki/Susan_Lynch" title="Susan Lynch">Susan Lynch</a> as Elizabeth Stride.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_(1988_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack the Ripper (1988 TV series)">Jack the Ripper</a></i> (1988). A <a href="/wiki/Thames_Television" title="Thames Television">Thames Television</a> film drama series starring <a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a>. Elizabeth Stride is played by actress <a href="/wiki/Angela_Crow" title="Angela Crow">Angela Crow</a> in this series.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Real Jack the Ripper</i> (2010). Directed by David Mortin, this series casts Tina Sterling as Elizabeth Stride and was first broadcast on 31 August 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Jack the Ripper: The Definitive Story</i> (2011). A two-hour documentary which references original police reports and eyewitness accounts pertaining to the Whitechapel Murderer. Stride is portrayed by actress Elizabeth Elstub in this documentary.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drama">Drama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Drama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Jack, the Last Victim</i> (2005). This <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical</a> casts Sallie Lloyd as Elizabeth Stride.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_case" title="Cold case">Cold case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serial_killers_before_1900" title="List of serial killers before 1900">List of serial killers before 1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsolved_murders_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsolved murders in the United Kingdom">Unsolved murders in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/21px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/42px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/21px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/32px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/41px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/11px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/17px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/22px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In her later years, Stride told many people she had borne nine children to John Stride. However, no official records exist of Stride giving birth to any children beyond her stillborn daughter in 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stride is believed to have fabricated this story in an effort to elicit sympathy from those to whom she recounted these claims.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kidney later testified at the inquest into Stride's murder that, in the three years of their relationship, the couple had been separated for a combined total of about five months.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceF_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceF-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A leading social reformer named Dr <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Barnardo" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Barnardo">Thomas Barnardo</a> would later claim to have encountered Stride on Wednesday 26 September at this <a href="/wiki/Spitalfields" title="Spitalfields">Spitalfields</a> <a href="/wiki/Common_lodging-house" title="Common lodging-house">common lodging-house</a>. According to Dr Barnardo, Stride had been sat in the kitchen with several women—one of whom had been weeping—and discussing the <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_murders" title="Whitechapel murders">Whitechapel murders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr Barnardo would later recollect one of these women had stated: "We're all up to no good! No one cares about us! Perhaps some of us will be killed next!"<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dutfield's Yard was a passageway leading into a <a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">courtyard</a> in which several families resided.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the night of Stride's murder, patrons of the International Working Men's Educational Club attended a debate about the need for <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> amongst Jews, followed by communal singing.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr <a href="/wiki/George_Bagster_Phillips" title="George Bagster Phillips">George Bagster Phillips</a> and a colleague would later conduct the <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">post-mortem</a> upon the body of subsequent <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_murders" title="Whitechapel murders">Whitechapel murder</a> victim <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Kelly" title="Mary Jane Kelly">Mary Jane Kelly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._101_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._101-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This outburst is believed to be an <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-semitic</a> insult directed at either Schwartz or the unknown individual to exit the club, referencing a convicted murderer of <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a>-<a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> heritage by this name who had been executed in 1887 for the poisoning murder of a young woman named Miriam Angel.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diemschutz is known to have stated his strong conviction that Stride's murderer was still in Dutfield's Yard at the time he had driven into the location.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This claim of identification was disproved on 24 October when Watts appeared in person at the inquest.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other witnesses who identified Stride during the inquest were Stride's nephew-by-marriage, PC Walter Stride, and the clerk of the Swedish Church in Prince's Square, Sven Ollsen, who said he had known Stride for about 17 years.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Packer is also known to have informed other investigators this individual had been both middle-aged and heavy set.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: An Encyclopedia</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5">978-1-844-54982-5</a> p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 96–113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Complete History of Jack the Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-841-19397-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-841-19397-7">978-1-841-19397-7</a> p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sherlock Holmes and The Autumn Of Terror</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-536-53368-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-536-53368-2">978-1-536-53368-2</a> p. 483</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: An Encyclopedia</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5">978-1-844-54982-5</a> p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Murder Almanac</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897-78404-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897-78404-4">978-1-897-78404-4</a> p. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, p. 290</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-height-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-height_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-height_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">At 5 ft 5 in (165 cm), Stride was taller than the average for Whitechapel women of the era (Fido, p.53).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Complete History of Jack the Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-841-19397-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-841-19397-7">978-1-841-19397-7</a> p. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._96-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._96_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._96_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._96_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biblical-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biblical_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBegg2006" class="citation book cs1">Begg, Paul (2006). <i>Jack The Ripper: The Facts</i>. Pavilion Books. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-870-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-870-6"><bdi>978-1-86105-870-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jack+The+Ripper%3A+The+Facts&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Pavilion+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86105-870-6&rft.aulast=Begg&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revelations of the True Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6">978-1-411-69741-6</a> p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reid-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reid_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reid_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">As described by Inspector <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Reid" title="Edmund Reid">Edmund Reid</a> at the inquest, quoted in Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 169 and Marriott, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: The Complete Casebook</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-425-11869-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-425-11869-6">978-0-425-11869-6</a> p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: An Encyclopedia</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5">978-1-844-54982-5</a> p. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revelations of the True Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6">978-1-411-69741-6</a> p. 186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> pp. 6-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> p. 199</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revelations of the True Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6">978-1-411-69741-6</a> pp. 129-130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Real Jack the Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-728-91299-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-728-91299-8">978-1-728-91299-8</a> p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: The Theories & The Facts of the Whitechapel Murders</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-760-77121-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-760-77121-1">978-0-760-77121-1</a> p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> p. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/6201130/Jack-the-Ripper-victims-lives-unveiled-in-1881-census.html">"Jack the Ripper Victims' Lives Unveiled in 1881 Census"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. 17 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Jack+the+Ripper+Victims%27+Lives+Unveiled+in+1881+Census&rft.date=2009-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Fcrime%2F6201130%2FJack-the-Ripper-victims-lives-unveiled-in-1881-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>London's Shadows: The Dark Side of the Victorian City</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6-612-82171-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-6-612-82171-4">978-6-612-82171-4</a> p. 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, pp. 56–57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Cases That Haunt Us</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-504-76656-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-504-76656-2">978-1-504-76656-2</a> p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The History of Murder</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-785-81835-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-785-81835-9">978-0-785-81835-9</a> p. 230</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, pp. 55–56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceD-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceD_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceD_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-50631-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-50631-X">0-582-50631-X</a> p. 211</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Profiling Violent Crimes: an Investigative Tool</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-761-92593-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-761-92593-4">978-0-761-92593-4</a> p. 232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceF-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceF_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceF_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The News from Whitechapel: Jack the Ripper in the Daily Telegraph</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-41385-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-41385-0">978-0-786-41385-0</a> p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. Elizabeth Tanner, quoted in Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 151 and Marriott, p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceE-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-50631-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-50631-X">0-582-50631-X</a> p. 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBegg2006" class="citation book cs1">Begg, Paul (2006). <i>Jack The Ripper: The Facts</i>. Pavilion Books. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-870-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-870-6"><bdi>978-1-86105-870-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jack+The+Ripper%3A+The+Facts&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Pavilion+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86105-870-6&rft.aulast=Begg&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fido,_p._54-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fido,_p._54_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fido,_p._54_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 96–98; White, pp. 323–350</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Study Abroad Pedagogy, Dark Tourism, and Historical Reenactment: In the Footsteps of Jack the Ripper and His Victims</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-23005-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-23005-0">978-3-030-23005-0</a> p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to <i>The Times</i>, 6 October 1888, quoted in Evans and Rumbelow, p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: Summing Up and Verdict</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-01020-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-593-01020-4">978-0-593-01020-4</a> p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For witness statements see Cook, pp. 165–168 and Fido, pp. 57–59; for "socialist and predominantly Jewish" see Fido, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceG-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceG_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceG_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-848-68522-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-848-68522-2">978-1-848-68522-2</a> p. 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dear Boss: A Fortean Chronicle of Jack the Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897-28906-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897-28906-8">978-1-897-28906-8</a> p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper - Through the Mists of Time</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-782-28168-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-782-28168-9">978-1-782-28168-9</a> p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24865180/bodies-of-elizabeth-stride-and/">"London: Monday 1 October 1888"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 1 October 1888<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=London%3A+Monday+1+October+1888&rft.date=1888-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F24865180%2Fbodies-of-elizabeth-stride-and%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: An Encyclopedia</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5">978-1-844-54982-5</a> p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revelations of the True Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6">978-1-411-69741-6</a> p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, p. 157; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 99–101; Fido, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inquest testimony of Edward Spooner, quoted in <i>The Times</i>, 3 October 1888</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, pp. 41, 59, 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Murder, Mayhem and Music Hall: The Dark Side of Victorian London</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076634-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076634-8">978-1-78076634-8</a> p. 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._101-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._101_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_and_Rumbelow,_p._101_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, p. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillips, quoted in Evans and Skinner 2000, pp. 157–158 and Marriott, pp. 82–84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: An Encyclopedia</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5">978-1-844-54982-5</a> p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 102–103; Marriott, pp. 94–95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-760-78716-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-760-78716-8">978-0-760-78716-8</a> p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marriott, pp. 102–103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 102–103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, p. 112; inquest testimony of Inspector Edmund Reid quoted in Marriott, p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-848-68522-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-848-68522-2">978-1-848-68522-2</a> p. 169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, pp. 168–170; Evans and Rumbelow, p. 104; Fido, pp. 60–61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedland2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Friedland, Martin L. (3 January 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-77220">"Lipski, Israel (1865–1887): Convicted Murderer"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F77220">10.1093/ref:odnb/77220</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lipski%2C+Israel+%281865%E2%80%931887%29%3A+Convicted+Murderer&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-01-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F77220&rft.aulast=Friedland&rft.aufirst=Martin+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-77220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, p. 170; Fido, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, p. 104; Fido, pp. 60–61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, p. 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Skinner 2000, pp. 121–126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 155; Fido, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marriott, p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fido,_p._56-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fido,_p._56_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fido,_p._56_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The News from Whitechapel: Jack the Ripper in the Daily Telegraph</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-41385-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-41385-0">978-0-786-41385-0</a> p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: The Complete Casebook</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-977-37535-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-977-37535-3">978-1-977-37535-3</a> p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: An Encyclopedia</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-844-54982-5">978-1-844-54982-5</a> pp. 147-148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marriott, pp. 81–82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper and Black Magic: Victorian Conspiracy</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-44547-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-44547-9">978-0-786-44547-9</a> p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper: The Definitive Casebook</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-445-61786-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-445-61786-2">978-1-445-61786-2</a> p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The News from Whitechapel: Jack the Ripper in the Daily Telegraph</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-41385-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-41385-0">978-0-786-41385-0</a> p. 138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Real Jack the Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-728-91299-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-728-91299-8">978-1-728-91299-8</a> p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a> p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The News from Whitechapel: Jack the Ripper in the Daily Telegraph</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-41385-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-41385-0">978-0-786-41385-0</a> p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 164; Fido, pp. 54–56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 171; Fido, pp. 54–56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.casebook.org/press_reports/irish_times/18881004.html">"The London Murders: Inquest on the Berner Street Victim"</a>. casebook.org. 2 April 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+London+Murders%3A+Inquest+on+the+Berner+Street+Victim&rft.pub=casebook.org&rft.date=2004-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.casebook.org%2Fpress_reports%2Firish_times%2F18881004.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.casebook.org/press_reports/daily_telegraph/dt881006.html">"London Tragedies: Berner Street Inquest"</a>. casebook.org. 2 April 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=London+Tragedies%3A+Berner+Street+Inquest&rft.pub=casebook.org&rft.date=2004-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.casebook.org%2Fpress_reports%2Fdaily_telegraph%2Fdt881006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.casebook.org/press_reports/penny_illustrated_press/18881027.html">"The Whitechapel Murders"</a>. casebook.org. 2 April 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Whitechapel+Murders&rft.pub=casebook.org&rft.date=2004-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.casebook.org%2Fpress_reports%2Fpenny_illustrated_press%2F18881027.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rumbelow, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 175; Marriott, p. 121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Testimony of Dr Blackwell, the first surgeon at the scene, quoted by Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 163; Marriott, p. 93 and Rumbelow, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 175; Rumbelow, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/88557577">"The Whitechapel Murders"</a>. <i>Bendigo Advertiser</i>. 5 December 1888<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bendigo+Advertiser&rft.atitle=The+Whitechapel+Murders&rft.date=1888-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F88557577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.casebook.org/press_reports/times/18881024.html">"The East End Murders"</a>. casebook.org. 2 April 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+East+End+Murders&rft.pub=casebook.org&rft.date=2004-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.casebook.org%2Fpress_reports%2Ftimes%2F18881024.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revelations of the True Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6">978-1-411-69741-6</a> p. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-42901781">"Jack the Ripper Letters Suggest Newspaper Hoax"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Jack+the+Ripper+Letters+Suggest+Newspaper+Hoax&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-london-42901781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Naming Jack the Ripper: New Crime Scene Evidence, A Stunning Forensic Breakthrough</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-447-26423-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-447-26423-1">978-1-447-26423-1</a> p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example Stewart, William (1939), <i>Jack the Ripper: A New Theory</i>, Quality Press, quoted in Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 418</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marriott, p. 124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, p. 157; Marriott, p. 125; Woods and Baddeley, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. <a href="/wiki/Melville_Macnaghten" title="Melville Macnaghten">Melville Macnaghten</a> quoted by Cook, p. 151; Evans and Skinner 2000, pp. 584–587 and Rumbelow, p. 140; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bond_(British_physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Bond (British physician)">Thomas Bond (British physician)</a> quoted in Evans and Skinner 2000, pp. 360–362 and Rumbelow, pp. 145–147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, p. 157; Woods and Baddeley, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Begg, p. 46; Evans and Skinner 2000, pp. 201–202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Skinner 2001, p. 30; Rumbelow, p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. Cullen, Tom (1965), <i>Autumn of Terror</i>, London: The Bodley Head, p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saucy-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-saucy_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, pp. 79–80; Fido, pp. 8–9; Marriott, pp. 219–222; Rumbelow, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, pp. 94–95; Evans and Skinner 2001, pp. 45–48; Evans and Skinner 2000, pp. 624–633; Marriott, pp. 219–222; Rumbelow, pp. 121–122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. Letter from Charles Warren to Godfrey Lushington, 10 October 1888, Metropolitan Police Archive MEPO 1/48, quoted in Cook, p. 78; Evans and Rumbelow, p. 140 and Evans and Skinner 2001, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. "the majority view of the Ripper historians, myself included, is that <i>all</i> the Ripper correspondence was fake." Beadle, William (2009) <i>Jack the Ripper: Unmasked</i>, London: John Blake, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84454-688-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84454-688-6">978-1-84454-688-6</a>, p. 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 167–168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, p. 168; Fido, pp. 78–79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/235704259">"The Last Whitechapel Murder"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. 26 December 1888<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+Last+Whitechapel+Murder&rft.date=1888-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F235704259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fido, pp. 58–59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Begg, pp. 176–184; Fido, pp. 58–61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Begg, pp. 186–187; Cook, pp. 166–167; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 106–108; Rumbelow, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Begg, pp. 186–187; Cook, p. 167; Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 164; Marriott, pp. 102, 106; Rumbelow, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, p. 104; Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 158; Rumbelow, p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Skinner 2000, p. 125; Fido, p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 106–108; Rumbelow, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Report to the Home Office, 19 October 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted Evans and Rumbelow, p. 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jack the Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-848-68522-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-848-68522-2">978-1-848-68522-2</a> pp. 167-168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 108–109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revelations of the True Ripper</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-411-69741-6">978-1-411-69741-6</a> p. 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Who's Buried Where in London</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-784-42202-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-784-42202-8">978-1-784-42202-8</a> p. 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005904/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6b6dedab">"A Study in Terror (1965)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6b6dedab">the original</a> on 4 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Study+in+Terror+%281965%29&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b6b6dedab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Great Detective Pictures</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-810-82286-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-810-82286-3">978-0-810-82286-3</a> p. 519</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170303053708/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b848ca89f">"From Hell (2001)"</a>. British Film Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b848ca89f">the original</a> on 3 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Hell+%282001%29&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b848ca89f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721221801/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b796d573c">"Jack the Ripper Part 1 (1988)"</a>. British Film Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b796d573c">the original</a> on 21 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jack+the+Ripper+Part+1+%281988%29&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b796d573c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9172900/">"The Real Jack The Ripper (2010)"</a>. imdb.com. 31 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Real+Jack+The+Ripper+%282010%29&rft.pub=imdb.com&rft.date=2010-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt9172900%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328165323/https://guidedoc.tv/documentary/jack-the-ripper-the-definitive-story-documentary-film/">"Jack the Ripper: The Definitive Story"</a>. <i>guidedoc.tv</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guidedoc.tv/documentary/jack-the-ripper-the-definitive-story-documentary-film/">the original</a> on 28 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guidedoc.tv&rft.atitle=Jack+the+Ripper%3A+The+Definitive+Story&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguidedoc.tv%2Fdocumentary%2Fjack-the-ripper-the-definitive-story-documentary-film%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Stride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Begg, Paul (2003). <i>Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History</i>. London: Pearson Education. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-50631-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-50631-X">0-582-50631-X</a></li> <li>Begg, Paul (2006). <i>Jack the Ripper: The Facts</i>. London: Anova Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86105-687-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-86105-687-7">1-86105-687-7</a></li> <li>Bell, Neil R. A. (2016). <i>Capturing Jack the Ripper: In the Boots of a Bobby in Victorian England</i>. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-445-62162-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-445-62162-3">978-1-445-62162-3</a></li> <li>Cook, Andrew (2009). <i>Jack the Ripper</i>. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84868-327-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84868-327-3">978-1-84868-327-3</a></li> <li>Eddleston, John J. (2002). <i>Jack the Ripper: An Encyclopedia</i>. London: Metro Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84358-046-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84358-046-2">1-84358-046-2</a></li> <li>Evans, Stewart P.; <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumbelow" title="Donald Rumbelow">Rumbelow, Donald</a> (2006). <i>Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard Investigates</i>. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-4228-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-4228-2">0-7509-4228-2</a></li> <li>Evans, Stewart P.; Skinner, Keith (2000). <i>The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook: An Illustrated Encyclopedia</i>. London: Constable and Robinson. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84119-225-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84119-225-2">1-84119-225-2</a></li> <li>Evans, Stewart P.; Skinner, Keith (2001). <i>Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell</i>. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-2549-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-2549-3">0-7509-2549-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Fido" title="Martin Fido">Fido, Martin</a> (1987). <i>The Crimes, Death and Detection of Jack the Ripper</i>. Vermont: Trafalgar Square. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79136-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79136-2">978-0-297-79136-2</a></li> <li>Gordon, R. Michael (2000). <i>Alias Jack the Ripper: Beyond the Usual Whitechapel Suspects</i>. North Carolina: McFarland Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-40898-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-40898-6">978-0-786-40898-6</a></li> <li>Harris, Melvin (1994). <i>The True Face of Jack the Ripper</i>. London: Michael O'Mara Books Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-854-79193-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-854-79193-1">978-1-854-79193-1</a></li> <li>Holmes, Ronald M.; Holmes, Stephen T. (2002). <i>Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool</i>. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-761-92594-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-761-92594-5">0-761-92594-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Honeycombe" title="Gordon Honeycombe">Honeycombe, Gordon</a> (1982). <i>The Murders of the Black Museum: 1870-1970</i>, London: Bloomsbury Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-863-79040-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-863-79040-9">978-0-863-79040-9</a></li> <li>Lynch, Terry; Davies, David (2008). <i>Jack the Ripper: The Whitechapel Murderer</i>. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-840-22077-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-840-22077-3">978-1-840-22077-3</a></li> <li>Marriott, Trevor (2005). <i>Jack the Ripper: The 21st Century Investigation</i>. London: John Blake. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84454-103-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84454-103-7">1-84454-103-7</a></li> <li>Rumbelow, Donald (2004). <i>The Complete Jack the Ripper: Fully Revised and Updated</i>. London: Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-017395-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-017395-1">0-14-017395-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sugden_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Sugden (historian)">Sugden, Philip</a> (2002). <i>The Complete History of Jack the Ripper</i>. Carroll & Graf Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-0276-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-0276-1">0-7867-0276-1</a></li> <li>Waddell, Bill (1993). <i>The Black Museum: New Scotland Yard</i>. London: Little, Brown and Company. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-90332-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-90332-5">978-0-316-90332-5</a></li> <li>White, Jerry (2007). <i>London in the Nineteenth Century</i>. London: Jonathan Cape. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-224-06272-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-224-06272-5">978-0-224-06272-5</a></li> <li>Whittington-Egan, Richard; Whittington-Egan, Molly (1992). <i>The Murder Almanac</i>. Glasgow: Neil Wilson Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897-78404-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897-78404-4">978-1-897-78404-4</a></li> <li>Whittington-Egan, Richard (2013). <i>Jack the Ripper: The Definitive Casebook</i>. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-445-61768-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-445-61768-8">978-1-445-61768-8</a></li> <li>Woods, Paul; <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Baddeley" title="Gavin Baddeley">Baddeley, Gavin</a> (2009). <i>Saucy Jack: The Elusive Ripper</i>. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7110-3410-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7110-3410-5">978-0-7110-3410-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Begg, Paul (2014). <i>Jack the Ripper: The Forgotten Victims</i>. London: Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11720-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11720-2">978-0-300-11720-2</a></li> <li>Yost, David (2008). <i>Elizabeth Stride and Jack the Ripper: The Life and Death of the Reputed Third Victim</i>. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43318-6">978-0-786-43318-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stride&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elizabeth_Stride" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Elizabeth Stride">Elizabeth Stride</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>4 December 1888 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Queensland_Times" title="The Queensland Times">Queensland Times</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/130806634">news article</a> pertaining to the <a href="/wiki/Inquest" title="Inquest">inquest</a> into the murder of Elizabeth Stride</li> <li>2009 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> article <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/6191250/Census-records-shed-new-light-on-victims-of-Jack-the-Ripper.html">detailing the victims of Jack the Ripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> article pertaining to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/ripper_jack_the.shtml">murders committed by Jack the Ripper</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casebook.org/index.html">Casebook: Jack the Ripper</a></li> <li>The Whitechapel Murder Victims: Elizabeth Stride at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitechapeljack.com/the-whitechapel-murders/elizabeth-stride-aka-long-liz/">whitechapeljack.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jack_the_Ripper" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jack_the_Ripper" title="Template:Jack the Ripper"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jack_the_Ripper" title="Template talk:Jack the Ripper"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jack_the_Ripper" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jack the Ripper"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jack_the_Ripper" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper" title="Jack the Ripper">Jack the Ripper</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canonical victims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Chapman" title="Annie Chapman">Annie Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Eddowes" title="Catherine Eddowes">Catherine Eddowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Kelly" title="Mary Jane Kelly">Mary Jane Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Nichols" title="Mary Ann Nichols">Mary Ann Nichols</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elizabeth Stride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Police</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Abberline" title="Frederick Abberline">Frederick Abberline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_(Scotland_Yard_official)" title="Robert Anderson (Scotland Yard official)">Robert Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Simon_Andrews" title="Walter Simon Andrews">Walter Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arnold_(police_officer)" title="Thomas Arnold (police officer)">Thomas Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dew" title="Walter Dew">Walter Dew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Godley" title="George Godley">George Godley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Macnaghten" title="Melville Macnaghten">Melville Macnaghten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore_(police_officer)" title="Henry Moore (police officer)">Henry Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Reid" title="Edmund Reid">Edmund Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Swanson" title="Donald Swanson">Donald Swanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren" title="Charles Warren">Charles Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Williamson" title="Adolphus Williamson">Adolphus Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Doctors and coroners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wynne_Edwin_Baxter" title="Wynne Edwin Baxter">Wynne Edwin Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bond_(British_surgeon)" title="Thomas Bond (British surgeon)">Thomas Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Macdonald_(politician)" title="Roderick Macdonald (politician)">Roderick Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Horrocks_Openshaw" title="Thomas Horrocks Openshaw">Thomas Horrocks Openshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bagster_Phillips" title="George Bagster Phillips">George Bagster Phillips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Witnesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Hutchinson_(Jack_the_Ripper_suspect)" title="George Hutchinson (Jack the Ripper suspect)">George Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lawende" title="Joseph Lawende">Joseph Lawende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_Lechmere" title="Charles Allen Lechmere">Charles Allen Lechmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Schwartz" title="Israel Schwartz">Israel Schwartz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters and clues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Boss_letter" title="Dear Boss letter">Dear Boss letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saucy_Jacky_postcard" title="Saucy Jacky postcard">Saucy Jacky postcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Hell_letter" title="From Hell letter">From Hell letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Horrocks_Openshaw#Jack_the_Ripper" title="Thomas Horrocks Openshaw">Openshaw letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulston_Street_graffito" title="Goulston Street graffito">Goulston Street graffito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durward_Street" title="Durward Street">Buck's Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Street_(Spitalfields)" title="Dorset Street (Spitalfields)">Dorset Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_and_Dean_Street" title="Flower and Dean Street">Flower and Dean Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbury_Street" title="Hanbury Street">Hanbury Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre_Square" title="Mitre Square">Mitre Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Bells" title="Ten Bells">Ten Bells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Lusk" title="George Lusk">George Lusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Vigilance_Committee" title="Whitechapel Vigilance Committee">Whitechapel Vigilance Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper:_The_Final_Solution" title="Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution">Conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_in_fiction" title="Jack the Ripper in fiction">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_suspects" title="Jack the Ripper suspects">Suspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Museum" title="Jack the Ripper Museum">Jack the Ripper Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_murders" title="Whitechapel murders">Whitechapel murders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263094#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263094#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000038903046">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/58550870">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjvvtVxBPkMBVxYPwv7MWC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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