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data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ĉefa menuo</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigado </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-desciption" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do"><span>Ĉefpaĝo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portalo:Komunumo" title="Pri la projekto, kion vi povas fari, kie vi povas trovi ion"><span>Komunuma portalo</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Diskutejo"><span>Diskutejo</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Aktuala%C4%B5oj" title="Trovi fonajn informojn pri nunaj eventoj"><span>Aktualaĵoj</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Lastaj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de la lastaj ŝanĝoj en la vikio. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Lastaj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Novaj_pa%C4%9Doj"><span>Novaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Hazarda_pa%C4%9Do" title="Iri al hazarda paĝo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Hazarda paĝo</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enhavo" title="La loko por eltrovi"><span>Helpo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-eo.svg" style="width: 6.875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eo.svg" width="109" height="13" style="width: 6.8125em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ensaluti</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Pliaj agordoj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personaj iloj" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personaj iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menuo de uzanto" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eo.wikipedia.org&uselang=eo"><span>Donaci</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Krei_konton&returnto=Tramo" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi kreu uzantokonton kaj ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas deviga"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krei konton</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=Tramo" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas devige. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ensaluti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paĝoj por elsalutitaj redaktistoj <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Lernu pli pri redaktado"><span>Lernu pli</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Miaj_kontribuoj" title="Listo de redaktoj faritaj el ĉi tiu IPa adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribuoj</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Mia_diskutpa%C4%9Do" title="Diskuto pri redaktoj sub tiu ĉi IP adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tramvojo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tramvojo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tramvojo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tramvojo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bremsado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bremsado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bremsado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bremsado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tramo_en_la_kulturo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tramo_en_la_kulturo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tramo en la kulturo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tramo_en_la_kulturo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepasaĝeraj_tramoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nepasaĝeraj_tramoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nepasaĝeraj tramoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nepasaĝeraj_tramoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tramoj_en_diversaj_lokoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tramoj_en_diversaj_lokoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tramoj en diversaj lokoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tramoj_en_diversaj_lokoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referencoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidu_ankaŭ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vidu ankaŭ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksteraj_ligiloj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eksteraj ligiloj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tramo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 108 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Атрамваи — abĥaza" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Атрамваи" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abĥaza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trem" title="Trem — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Trem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramv%C3%ADa" title="Tramvía — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tramvía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C7%A3twegst%C3%A6%C3%BEel" title="Strǣtwegstæþel — Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Strǣtwegstæþel" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ترام — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="طرام — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طرام" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranv%C3%ADa" title="Tranvía — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tranvía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvay" title="Tramvay — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tramvay" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7" title="تراموا — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تراموا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvajos" title="Tramvajos — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tramvajos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembay" title="Rembay — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Rembay" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="elstara artikolo"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="ट्राम — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ट्राम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ট্রাম — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ট্রাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramgarr" title="Tramgarr — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tramgarr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvaj" title="Tramvaj — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tramvaj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvia" title="Tramvia — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tramvia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — ĉeĉena" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ĉeĉena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تڕام — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تڕام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvaj" title="Tramvaj — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tramvaj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — ĉuvaŝa" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ĉuvaŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramffordd" title="Tramffordd — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tramffordd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporvogn" title="Sporvogn — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sporvogn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fenbahn" title="Straßenbahn — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Straßenbahn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC" title="Τραμ — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τραμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranv%C3%ADa" title="Tranvía — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tranvía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramm" title="Tramm — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tramm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranbia" title="Tranbia — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tranbia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7" title="تراموا — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تراموا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raitiovaunu" title="Raitiovaunu — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Raitiovaunu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramway" title="Tramway — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tramway" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranv%C3%ADa" title="Tranvía — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tranvía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="חשמלית — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חשמלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="ट्राम — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ट्राम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvaj" title="Tramvaj — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tramvaj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villamos" title="Villamos — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Villamos" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Տրամվայ — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տրամվայ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trem" title="Trem — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Trem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramveturo" title="Tramveturo — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tramveturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporvagn" title="Sporvagn — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sporvagn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E9%9D%A2%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" title="路面電車 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="路面電車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A8m" title="Trèm — java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Trèm" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="ტრამვაი — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტრამვაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A9%B4%EC%A0%84%EC%B0%A8" title="노면전차 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노면전차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%A4kktrische" title="Kaläkktrische — kolonja" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Kaläkktrische" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kolonja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramway" title="Tramway — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tramway" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currus_electricus" title="Currus electricus — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Currus electricus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvay" title="Tramvay — judhispana" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tramvay" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judhispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — luksemburga" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvajus" title="Tramvajus — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tramvajus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvajs" title="Tramvajs — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tramvajs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Трамвај — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Трамвај" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="ട്രാം — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ട്രാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AE" title="ट्रॅम — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ट्रॅम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trem" title="Trem — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Trem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="ترومبا — mazandarana" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ترومبا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporvogn" title="Sporvogn — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sporvogn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trikk" title="Trikk — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvai" title="Tramvai — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tramvai" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramwaj" title="Tramwaj — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tramwaj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ٹرام — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹرام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ټرام — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټرام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A9trico" title="Elétrico — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elétrico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvai" title="Tramvai — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tramvai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — jakuta" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvaj" title="Tramvaj — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tramvaj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dka" title="Električka — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Električka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvaj" title="Tramvaj — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tramvaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvaji" title="Tramvaji — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tramvaji" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Трамвај — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трамвај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A5rvagn" title="Spårvagn — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spårvagn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztrasbana" title="Sztrasbana — silezi-pola" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Sztrasbana" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silezi-pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="அமிழ் தண்டூர்தி — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமிழ் தண்டூர்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" title="ట్రామ్ — telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ట్రామ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="รถราง — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รถราง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trambiya" title="Trambiya — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Trambiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvay" title="Tramvay — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tramvay" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — tatara" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Трамвай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ٹرام — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹرام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvay" title="Tramvay — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tramvay" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xe_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_m%E1%BA%B7t_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t" title="Xe điện mặt đất — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xe điện mặt đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%BD%A6" title="电车 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电车" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="ტრამვაი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტრამვაი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99" title="טראמוויי — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טראמוויי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tram" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%BB%8C%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" title="有軌電車 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="有軌電車" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%BB%8C%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" title="有軌電車 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="有軌電車" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhia-l%C5%8D%CD%98_ti%C4%81n-chhia" title="Chhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%BB%8C%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" title="有軌電車 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="有軌電車" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3407658#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tramo" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuto:Tramo" rel="discussion" title="Diskuto pri la artikolo [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝanĝi lingvan varianton" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Esperanto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vidoj"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tramo"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=history" title="Antaŭaj versioj de ĉi tiu paĝo. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Iloj" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Iloj</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Pliaj opcioj" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Agoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tramo"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=history"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ĝenerale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kio_ligas_%C4%89i_tien%3F/Tramo" title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/Tramo" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&oldid=8547069" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=info" title="Pli da informo pri ĉi tiu paĝo"><span>Informoj pri la paĝo</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Citi&page=Tramo&id=8547069&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informoj pri kiel citi ĉi tiun paĝon"><span>Citi ĉi tiun artikolon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTramo"><span>Akiri mallongigitan URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTramo"><span>Elŝutu QR-kodon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Presi/elporti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tramo"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tramo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tram" hreflang="en"><span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3407658" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Moderus_Alfa_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Moderus_Alfa_2.jpg/220px-Moderus_Alfa_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Moderus_Alfa_2.jpg/330px-Moderus_Alfa_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Moderus_Alfa_2.jpg/440px-Moderus_Alfa_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Tramoj en <a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Szczecin" title="Tramtransporto en Szczecin">Szczecin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Mk_Berlin_Tram_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mk_Berlin_Tram_6.jpg/220px-Mk_Berlin_Tram_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mk_Berlin_Tram_6.jpg/330px-Mk_Berlin_Tram_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mk_Berlin_Tram_6.jpg/440px-Mk_Berlin_Tram_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Tramoj en <a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Berlino" title="Tramtransporto en Berlino">Berlino</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Pesa_120N_3113,_tram_line_9,_Warsaw,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Pesa_120N_3113%2C_tram_line_9%2C_Warsaw%2C_2009.jpg/220px-Pesa_120N_3113%2C_tram_line_9%2C_Warsaw%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Pesa_120N_3113%2C_tram_line_9%2C_Warsaw%2C_2009.jpg/330px-Pesa_120N_3113%2C_tram_line_9%2C_Warsaw%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Pesa_120N_3113%2C_tram_line_9%2C_Warsaw%2C_2009.jpg/440px-Pesa_120N_3113%2C_tram_line_9%2C_Warsaw%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Tramo en <a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Varsovio" title="Tramtransporto en Varsovio">Varsovio</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Tram_Mrozy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Tram_Mrozy.jpg/220px-Tram_Mrozy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Tram_Mrozy.jpg/330px-Tram_Mrozy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Tram_Mrozy.jpg/440px-Tram_Mrozy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4396" data-file-height="3297" /></a><figcaption>Turisma ĉevala tramo en <a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Mrozy" title="Tramtransporto en Mrozy">Mrozy</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tramo</b> estas surrela <a href="/wiki/Veturilo" title="Veturilo">veturilo</a> de <a href="/wiki/Tramvojo" title="Tramvojo">tramvojo</a>, kiu, male al <a href="/wiki/Fervojo" title="Fervojo">fervojo</a>, povas partopreni en sur<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Coseo" title="Ŝoseo">ŝosea</a> <a href="/wiki/Trafiko" class="mw-disambig" title="Trafiko">trafiko</a> kaj ĉu tute ĉu parte sekvi ties regulojn (fervojo ĝuas prioritaton). </p><p>Tramoj nun plej ofte estas <a href="/wiki/Elektro" title="Elektro">elektraj</a>. Iam tamen ekzistis <a href="/wiki/%C4%88evalo" title="Ĉevalo">ĉevalaj</a> tramoj. Elektraj tramoj prenas sian energion el <a href="/wiki/Supertraka_kontakta_lineo" title="Supertraka kontakta lineo">supertraka kontakta lineo</a>, pere de kurentoprenilo (<a href="/wiki/Troleo" title="Troleo">troleo</a> aŭ <a href="/wiki/Pantografo_(kurentoprenilo)" title="Pantografo (kurentoprenilo)">pantografo</a>). </p><p>Kompare al <a href="/wiki/A%C5%ADtobuso" title="Aŭtobuso">aŭtobusoj</a> tramoj ŝparas energion pro la malmulta <a href="/wiki/Froto" title="Froto">froto</a> sur la metalaj reloj. Ili tamen postulas pli altajn substrukturajn investojn pro la necesaj <a href="/wiki/Trako" class="mw-disambig" title="Trako">trakoj</a>. </p><p>La unuaj eksperimentoj pri elektra pelado de tramoj realiĝis en <a href="/wiki/Berlino" title="Berlino">Berlino</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lichterfelde" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichterfelde">Lichterfelde</a> en <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>, samjare la firmao Siemens ekspoziciis en <a href="/wiki/Parizo" title="Parizo">Parizo</a> tramon, kiu prenis elektron de <a href="/wiki/Troleo" title="Troleo">troleo</a>. En la <a href="/wiki/Usono" title="Usono">usona</a> <a href="/wiki/Richmond" class="mw-disambig" title="Richmond">Richmond</a> en <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a> estis konstruita elektra tramo, kie la bazaj problemoj estis jam solvitaj. En <a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Prago" title="Tramtransporto en Prago">Prago</a> unua elektra tramo veturis en <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>. </p><p>La plej amase produktitaj modeloj de tramo estas sovetia <a href="/wiki/KTM-5" title="KTM-5">KTM-5</a> kaj ĉeĥoslovaka <a href="/wiki/Tatra_T3" title="Tatra T3">Tatra T3</a> (ambaŭ po ĉirkaŭ 14 000). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tramvojo">Tramvojo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Tramvojo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Tramvojo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Toronto_20050923-143825_RailAGorge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Toronto_20050923-143825_RailAGorge.jpg/220px-Toronto_20050923-143825_RailAGorge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Toronto_20050923-143825_RailAGorge.jpg/330px-Toronto_20050923-143825_RailAGorge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Toronto_20050923-143825_RailAGorge.jpg/440px-Toronto_20050923-143825_RailAGorge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Sekcio de fendita relo</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Tramvojo" title="Tramvojo">tramvojo</a> estas kutime enigita en la <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Coseo" title="Ŝoseo">ŝoseo</a> kaj en tiu kazo uzas kavajn <a href="/wiki/Relo" title="Relo">relojn</a> inkludante vojgorĝon por ricevi la elstarajn randojn de la veturilradoj. </p><p>Antaŭe, estis plej ofte uzita klasika instalo de <a href="/wiki/Relo" title="Relo">reloj</a> sur <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cpalo" title="Ŝpalo">ŝpaloj</a> el traktita ligno kun <a href="/wiki/Plando" title="Plando">plandoj</a>, ĉirkaŭ kiuj oni metis la <a href="/wiki/Pavimo" title="Pavimo">pavimojn</a> de la ŝoseo (aŭ verŝis <a href="/wiki/Asfalto" title="Asfalto">asfalton</a> aŭ <a href="/wiki/Betono" title="Betono">betonon</a>), sed kun la tempo, pli kompleksaj metodoj estis evoluigitaj. </p><p>Iuj tramretoj, kiel ekzemple tiuj de <a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Amsterdamo" title="Tramtransporto en Amsterdamo">Amsterdamo</a>, adaptas relojn kies <a href="/wiki/Gor%C4%9Do" class="mw-disambig" title="Gorĝo">gorĝo</a> estas plenigita per elasta <a href="/wiki/Polimero" title="Polimero">polimero</a>, evitante kaŭzi akcidentojn, okaze ke la mallarĝaj radoj de <a href="/wiki/Biciklo" title="Biciklo">bicikloj</a> enblokus sin enen. La polimero estas facile dispremita per la radoj de multe pli pezaj tramoj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bremsado">Bremsado</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Bremsado" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Bremsado"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ĉar la <a href="/wiki/Froto" title="Froto">froto</a> de la metalaj radoj malplias ol tiu de <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%AD%C4%89uko" title="Kaŭĉuko">kaŭĉukaj</a> <a href="/wiki/Pne%C5%ADmatiko" title="Pneŭmatiko">pneŭmatikoj</a>, tramoj principe bezonas pli longan vojon por bremsi ol <a href="/wiki/A%C5%ADtomobilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aŭtomobilo">aŭtomobiloj</a>. Tial multaj tramoj havas por krizaj okazoj aldonan <a href="/wiki/Magneto" title="Magneto">magnetan</a> bremson, ĉe kiu <a href="/wiki/Elektra_energio" title="Elektra energio">elektra energio</a> estas uzata por magnete altigi la premforton de bremsoŝuo al la relo. Alia metodo altigi la bremsforton estas la induktado de oscila <a href="/wiki/Magnetkampo" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetkampo">magnetkampo</a> en la relo. Kelkaj tramoj ankoraŭ havas sablokestojn, kiuj laŭ bezono ŝutas sablon sur la relojn antaŭ la radoj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tramo_en_la_kulturo">Tramo en la kulturo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Tramo en la kulturo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Tramo en la kulturo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tramo ofte estas temo en <a href="/wiki/Novelo" title="Novelo">noveloj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romano" title="Romano">romanoj</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Filmo" title="Filmo">filmoj</a> nur du ekzemploj: <a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Gdansko" title="Tramtransporto en Gdansko">Gdanskaj</a> tramoj ludas gravan rolon en la unuaj ĉapitroj de romano <i>Die Blechtrommel</i> (<a href="/wiki/La_lada_tambureto" title="La lada tambureto">La lada tambureto</a>) de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a>. En la lasta ĉapitro la heroo de la romano Oskar Matzerath kaj lia amiko Gottfried von Vittlar malfrue nokte ŝtelis tramon el la deponejo de Unterrath en la norda parto de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>. Dana filmo el 1953 <b>Ved Kongelunden</b> (<i>Ĉe la arbaro Kongelunden</i>) iĝas preskaŭ kulta por danaj tramvoj-amantoj, precipe ĉar oni en ĝi bone vidas, kiel funkciis <a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Kopenhago" title="Tramtransporto en Kopenhago">tramvojo en Kopenhago</a> en la post-militaj jaroj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nepasaĝeraj_tramoj"><span id="Nepasa.C4.9Deraj_tramoj"></span>Nepasaĝeraj tramoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Nepasaĝeraj tramoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Nepasaĝeraj tramoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kelkaj urboj uzis sian tramsistemon por la transporto ne nur de pasaĝeroj, sed ankaŭ de varoj, ekzemple poŝtaĵoj. Tiu uzo tamen pliparte malaperis, kiam disponeblis malmultekostaj kamionoj. En <a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Zuriko" title="Tramtransporto en Zuriko">Zuriko</a> de 2003 ekzistas tramo, kiu kolektas grandajn rubaĵojn<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tramoj_en_diversaj_lokoj">Tramoj en diversaj lokoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakti sekcion: Tramoj en diversaj lokoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=edit&section=5" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Tramoj en diversaj lokoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eksa_tramo_de_Tours" title="Eksa tramo de Tours">Eksa tramo de Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Barcelono" title="Tramtransporto en Barcelono">Tramtransporto en Barcelono</a> konsistas el tri kompanioj: Tramvia Blau, Trambaix kaj Trambesòs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Luksemburgo" title="Tramtransporto en Luksemburgo">Tramtransporto en Luksemburgo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=edit&section=6" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Referencoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715073718/http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/vbz/de/index/produkte_dienstleistungen/cargo_tram_und_etram.html">Cargo- und E-Tram - Stadt Zürich</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/vbz/de/index/produkte_dienstleistungen/cargo_tram_und_etram.html">la originalo</a> je 2012-07-15. Alirita 2012-07-15 .</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=edit&section=7" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Vidu ankaŭ"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tramtransporto" title="Tramtransporto">Tramtransporto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listo_de_urboj_kun_tramtransporto" title="Listo de urboj kun tramtransporto">Listo de urboj kun tramtransporto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_motortrajno" title="Elektra motortrajno">Elektra motortrajno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramvojo" title="Tramvojo">Tramvojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram-metroo" title="Tram-metroo">Tram-metroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapidtramo" title="Rapidtramo">Rapidtramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsurfaca_tramo" title="Subsurfaca tramo">Subsurfaca tramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksprestramo" title="Eksprestramo">Eksprestramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marborda_tramo_(Belgio)" title="Marborda tramo (Belgio)">Marborda tramo (Belgio)</a> – la plej longa tramlinio en la mondo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alstom_Citadis" title="Alstom Citadis">Alstom Citadis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksteraj ligiloj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tramo&action=edit&section=8" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Eksteraj ligiloj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trams?uselang=eo">Kategorio Tramo en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span> </li></ul> </div> <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:90%;line-height:110%;max-width:210px;padding:1ex;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"><td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Stra%C3%9Fenbahn_aus_Zusatzzeichen_1048-19.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portala ikono" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Stra%C3%9Fenbahn_aus_Zusatzzeichen_1048-19.svg/32px-Stra%C3%9Fenbahn_aus_Zusatzzeichen_1048-19.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Stra%C3%9Fenbahn_aus_Zusatzzeichen_1048-19.svg/48px-Stra%C3%9Fenbahn_aus_Zusatzzeichen_1048-19.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Stra%C3%9Fenbahn_aus_Zusatzzeichen_1048-19.svg/64px-Stra%C3%9Fenbahn_aus_Zusatzzeichen_1048-19.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></td><td style="padding:0 1ex;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Portalo:Tramtransporto" title="Portalo:Tramtransporto"><span style="color:white; padding:0.5px .7ex; display: block; background: #CD2626">Portalo pri Tramtransporto</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1256547718090555&url=www.geocities.com/bildkartoj/hago-1909.jpg">Esperantistaj tramistoj 1909</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Elŝutita el "<a dir="ltr" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tramo&oldid=8547069">https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tramo&oldid=8547069</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kategorioj" title="Specialaĵo:Kategorioj">Kategorioj</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Tramvojo" title="Kategorio:Tramvojo">Tramvojo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Transportaj_rimedoj" title="Kategorio:Transportaj rimedoj">Transportaj rimedoj</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Fervoja_transporto" title="Kategorio:Fervoja transporto">Fervoja transporto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Tramtransporto" title="Kategorio:Tramtransporto">Tramtransporto</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ĉi tiu paĝo estis lastafoje redaktita je 02:58, 26 dec. 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La teksto disponeblas laŭ la permesilo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo">Krea Komunaĵo Atribuite-Samkondiĉe 4.0 Neadaptita</a>; 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