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Abortion in Mississippi - Wikipedia
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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Legislative history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ballot_box_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballot_box_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ballot box history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballot_box_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Judicial history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Clinic history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abortion_rights_views_and_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion_rights_views_and_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Abortion rights views and activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Abortion_rights_views_and_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Abortion rights views and activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Abortion_rights_views_and_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" 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class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new law took effect on July 7, 2022, after Mississippi State Attorney General Lynn Fitch certified on June 27, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> decision on <i><a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a></i> on June 24 of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-wlbt.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wlbt.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State Attorney General Lynn Fitch's certification made Mississippi's 2007 'trigger law' go into effect and ban all abortions in the state, “except in the case where necessary for the preservation of the mother's life or where the pregnancy was caused by rape".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of <a href="/wiki/Abortion_clinic" title="Abortion clinic">abortion clinics</a> declined in the years prior to their outlawing, falling from thirteen in 1982 to eight in 1992. By 2006, only one remained. The final clinic closed on July 6, 2022, following the overruling of <i><a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i>. There were 2,303 legal abortions in 2014, and 2,613 in 2015. Most women went out of state to get a legal abortion. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion in the United States</a></div><p>Free birth control correlates to teenage girls having fewer pregnancies and fewer abortions. A 2014 <a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine"><i>New England Journal of Medicine</i></a> study found such a link.  At the same time, a 2011 study by <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Reproductive_Rights" title="Center for Reproductive Rights">Center for Reproductive Rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibis_Reproductive_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibis Reproductive Health">Ibis Reproductive Health</a> also found that states with more abortion restrictions have higher rates of maternal death, higher rates of uninsured pregnant women, higher rates of infant and child deaths, higher rates of teen drug and alcohol abuse, and lower rates of cancer screening.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unlikely that abortion restrictions are the direct cause of these factors, however. The negative effects are more likely to be linked to access to healthcare, the number of healthcare facilities, and socioeconomic status. The study singled out Oklahoma, Mississippi, and Kansas as being the most restrictive states that year, followed by Arkansas and Indiana for second in terms of abortion restrictions, and Florida, Arizona, and Alabama in third for most restrictive state abortion requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2017 report from the Center for Reproductive Rights and Ibis Reproductive Health, states that tried to pass additional constraints on a woman's ability to access legal abortions had fewer policies supporting women's health, maternal health, and children's health. These states also tended to resist expanding Medicaid, family leave, medical leave, and sex education in public schools.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Georgia, Ohio, Missouri, Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi have among the highest rates of infant mortality in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mississippi had an infant mortality rate of 8.6 deaths per 1,000 live births.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act was rejected by Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Missouri. Consequently, poor women in the typical age range to become mothers had a gap in coverage for prenatal care. According to Georgetown University Center for Children and Families research professor Adam Searing, "The uninsured rate for women of childbearing age is nearly twice as high in states that have not expanded Medicaid. ... That means a lot more women who don't have health coverage before they get pregnant or after they have their children. ... If states would expand Medicaid coverage, they would improve the health of mothers and babies and save lives."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2018 Premature Birth Report Cards, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama were all given an F.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2018 America's Health Rankings produced by United Health Foundation, Mississippi ranked 32nd in the country when it came to <a href="/wiki/Maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States" title="Maternal mortality in the United States">maternal mortality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2018 March of Dimes report stated that the preterm birth rate among African American women in Mississippi was significantly higher, 44% higher than women of all other races in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the year following the overturn of Roe v. Wade in 2022, 210 pregnant women in a dozen states were criminally charged for conduct associated with their pregnancy, pregnancy loss or birth. Six states — Alabama, Mississippi, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas — accounted for most cases.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2023, a 13-year-old girl in Mississippi made national news when she gave birth after being raped the previous fall; she was denied an abortion under Mississippi's near-total abortion ban. Her mother stated that no one informed her of the state's rape exception.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_history">Legislative history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the end of the 1800s, all states in the Union except Louisiana had therapeutic exceptions in their legislative bans on abortions.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th century, bans by state legislatures on abortion were about protecting the life of the mother given the number of deaths caused by abortions; state governments saw themselves as looking out for the lives of their citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, the Mississippi legislature made abortion legal in cases of rape.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1972, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> allowed abortion in cases of rape or incest only and <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> allowed abortions only in cases where the woman's physical health was endangered. In order to obtain abortions during this period, women would often travel from a state where abortion was illegal to states where it was legal.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mississippi passed a parental consent law in the early 1990s. This law impacted when minors sought abortions, resulting in an increase of 19% for abortions sought after 12 weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 27, 2006, Mississippi's House Public Health Committee voted to approve a ban on abortion, but that bill died after the House and Senate failed to agree on compromise legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state was one of 23 states in 2007 to have a detailed abortion-specific informed consent requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mississippi, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Ohio all had statutes in 2007 that required specific informed consent on abortion but also, by statute, allowing medical doctors performing abortions to disassociate themselves from the anti-abortion materials they were required to provide to their female patients.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By law, abortion providers in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi were required to perform ultrasounds before providing women with abortions, even in situations such as in the first trimester where ultrasound has no medical necessity.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some states, such as Alaska, Mississippi, West Virginia, Texas, and Kansas, have passed laws requiring abortion providers to warn patients of a link between abortion and breast cancer and to issue other scientifically unsupported warnings.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 8, 2011, the Personhood amendment, to define personhood as beginning "at the moment of fertilization, cloning, or the functional equivalent thereof," was rejected by 55 percent of voters.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, the state <a href="/wiki/Targeted_Regulation_of_Abortion_Providers" class="mw-redirect" title="Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers">Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers</a> (TRAP) law applied to medication-induced abortions and private doctor offices in addition to abortion clinics.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state legislature was one of five states nationwide that tried and failed, to pass a "<a href="/wiki/Heartbeat_bill" title="Heartbeat bill">fetal heartbeat bill</a>" in 2013. Only North Dakota successfully passed such a law but it was later struck down by the courts.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terminology of these bills is largely contested and considered to be inaccurate by medical professionals. This is because at the proposed time, (as early as 6 weeks) the <a href="/wiki/Conceptus" title="Conceptus">conceptus</a> is not yet considered a <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetus</a>, and is actually an <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, there is no heart present in the embryo; it would more accurately be called a <a href="/wiki/Heart_development" title="Heart development">cluster of cells with electrical activity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, Mississippi was one of five states where the legislature introduced a bill that would have banned abortion in almost all cases. It did not pass. They tried and failed again in 2015, 2017 and 2018, where they were one of five, one of six, and one in eleven respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:122_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state legislature was one of four states nationwide that tried, and failed, to pass a "fetal heartbeat bill" in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the Mississippi State Legislature passed a law that required abortion clinics to have doctors on staff with hospital admitting privileges. This almost led to the closure of the state's only abortion clinic.<sup id="cite_ref-:222_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mississippi legislature was one of eight states nationwide that tried, again, and failed, to pass a "fetal heartbeat" bill in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2018, the Mississippi House passed House Bill 1510, the <a href="/wiki/Gestational_Age_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestational Age Act">Gestational Age Act</a>, that outlawed abortion after 15 weeks "except in a medical emergency or in the case of a severe fetal abnormality".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hb1510_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hb1510-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A difference between the Gestational Age Act and federal level bills that attempted to pass a <a href="/wiki/Pain-Capable_Unborn_Child_Protection_Act" title="Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act">Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act</a> was that the Gestational Age Act does not allow exemptions in cases of rape or incest.<sup id="cite_ref-hb1510_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hb1510-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HR36text_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HR36text-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state had a law on the books as of August 2018 that would be triggered if <i><a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i> was overturned.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Heartbeat bills" in Mississippi died in committee in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three more "heartbeat bills" were filed in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Legislature" title="Mississippi Legislature">Mississippi Legislature</a> in January 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Yall4_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yall4-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SB 2116, by Sen. <a href="/wiki/Angela_Burks_Hill" title="Angela Burks Hill">Angela Burks Hill</a> was referred to the Public Health and Welfare Committee on January 11, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HB 732, by Rep. <a href="/wiki/Chris_Brown_(Mississippi_politician)" title="Chris Brown (Mississippi politician)">Chris Brown</a> was referred to the Public Health and Human Services Committee on January 17, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After passing out of their respective committees on February 5, 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-Yall4_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yall4-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both SB 2116 and HB 732, were passed out of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Senate" title="Mississippi State Senate">Mississippi Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_House_of_Representatives" title="Mississippi House of Representatives">Mississippi House</a> on February 13, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 19, 2019, the Senate concurred in the House amendments to SB 2116,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on March 22, 2019, the fetal heartbeat bill was signed into law by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Mississippi">Mississippi Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Phil_Bryant" title="Phil Bryant">Phil Bryant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, a law was enacted in Mississippi banning abortions based on the sex, race, or genetic abnormality of the fetus.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A law outlawing abortion in Mississippi took effect on July 7, 2022, after Mississippi State Attorney General Lynn Fitch on June 27 of that year certified the June 24, 2022, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> decision on <i><a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-wlbt.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wlbt.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ballot_box_history">Ballot box history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ballot box history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2011 election season, Mississippi placed an amendment on the ballot that redefines how the state viewed abortion. The personhood amendment defined personhood as "every human being from the moment of fertilization, cloning or the functional equivalent thereof". If passed, it would have been illegal to get an abortion in the state of Mississippi.<sup id="cite_ref-Mississippi_and_Personhood_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mississippi_and_Personhood-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_history">Judicial history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judicial history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">US Supreme Court</a>'s decision in 1973's <i><a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i> ruling meant individual states could no longer regulate abortion in the first trimester.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 11, 2012, a Mississippi federal judge ordered an extension of his temporary order to allow the state's only abortion clinic to stay open. The order was to stay in place until U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Porter_Jordan_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Porter Jordan III">Daniel Porter Jordan III</a> could review newly drafted rules on how the Mississippi Department of Health would administer a new abortion law. The law in question came into effect on July 1, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 20, 2018, a federal district court in Mississippi enacted a temporary, 10-day ban of the enforcement of the Gestational Age Act due to its conflict with the established rights of the woman under <i>Roe v. Wade</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbs_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The challenge to these decisions had been petitioned to the Supreme Court, which in May 2021 certified the petition, to be heard as <i><a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case was argued on December 1, 2021. The Supreme Court overturned <i><a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a></i> in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_decision_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn_decision-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scotusblog_decision_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clinic_history">Clinic history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Clinic history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abortion_clinics_in_Mississippi_by_year.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abortion_clinics_in_Mississippi_by_year.png/220px-Abortion_clinics_in_Mississippi_by_year.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abortion_clinics_in_Mississippi_by_year.png/330px-Abortion_clinics_in_Mississippi_by_year.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abortion_clinics_in_Mississippi_by_year.png/440px-Abortion_clinics_in_Mississippi_by_year.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Total number of abortion clinics by year in Mississippi</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1980s, there were around a dozen operating <a href="/wiki/Abortion_clinic" title="Abortion clinic">abortion clinics</a> in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-:222_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1982 and 1992, the number of abortion clinics in the state decreased by five, going from thirteen in 1982 to eight in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since around 2006, <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Jackson Women's Health Organization">Jackson Women's Health</a> had been the only operating abortion clinic in Mississippi.<sup id="cite_ref-:222_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the color of the building changed from beige to hot pink after the building was acquired by a new owner.<sup id="cite_ref-:222_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Jackson Women's Health almost closed as a result of a new state law being passed that required the clinic to have medical staff with hospital admitting privileges. None of the hospitals in Jackson wanted to give the qualified OB-GYNs on staff at the clinic those privileges. The clinic was saved at the last minute after a judge ruled in their favor.<sup id="cite_ref-:222_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, there was still only one abortion clinic in Mississippi.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 99% of the counties in the state did not have an abortion clinic. That year, 91% of women in the state aged 15–44 lived in a county without an abortion clinic.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 90% of Jackson Women's Health services were abortion related in 2017. They saw around 30 to 40 patients per week.<sup id="cite_ref-:222_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, there was one <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a> clinic, which did not offer abortion services, in a state with a population of 694,045 women aged 15–49.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Dakota, Wyoming, Mississippi, Louisiana, Kentucky, and West Virginia were the only six states as of July 21, 2017, not to have a Planned Parenthood clinic that offered abortion services.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2019, the state was one of six states in the nation with only one abortion clinic.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jackson Women's Health closed in July 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was sold and turned into a consignment store.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the period between 1972 and 1974, the state had an illegal abortion mortality rate per million women aged 15–44 of between 0.1 and 0.9.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, 289,000 women in the state faced the risk of an unintended pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the state had zero publicly funded abortions.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, 59% of adults said in a poll by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> that abortion should be illegal in all or most cases while 36% believed it should be legal.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2014 Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) study, just under 60% of white women, the same percentage as white men, in the state believed that abortion be illegal in all or most cases.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, medical and surgical abortions were split at around 50% each.<sup id="cite_ref-:222_26-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2023 American Values Atlas reported that, in their most recent survey, 50% of Mississippians said that abortion should be legal in all or most cases, and 49% said it should be illegal in all or most cases.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Number of reported abortions, abortion rate and percentage change in rate by geographic region and state in 1992, 1995 and 1996<sup id="cite_ref-Abor_Miss_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abor_Miss-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Census division and state</th> <th colspan="3">Number</th> <th colspan="3">Rate</th> <th rowspan="2">% change 1992–1996 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1992</b></td> <td><b>1995</b></td> <td><b>1996</b></td> <td><b>1992</b></td> <td><b>1995</b></td> <td><b>1996</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>1,528,930</td> <td>1,363,690</td> <td>1,365,730</td> <td>25.9</td> <td>22.9</td> <td>22.9</td> <td>–12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>East South Central</td> <td>54,060</td> <td>44,010</td> <td>46,100</td> <td>14.9</td> <td>12</td> <td>12.5</td> <td>–17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alabama</td> <td>17,450</td> <td>14,580</td> <td>15,150</td> <td>18.2</td> <td>15</td> <td>15.6</td> <td>–15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kentucky</td> <td>10,000</td> <td>7,770</td> <td>8,470</td> <td>11.4</td> <td>8.8</td> <td>9.6</td> <td>–16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mississippi</td> <td>7,550</td> <td>3,420</td> <td>4,490</td> <td>12.4</td> <td>5.5</td> <td>7.2</td> <td>–42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tennessee</td> <td>19,060</td> <td>18,240</td> <td>17,990</td> <td>16.2</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>14.8</td> <td>–8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Number, rate, and ratio of reported abortions, by reporting area of residence and occurrence and by percentage of abortions obtained by out-of-state residents, US CDC estimates </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Location</th> <th colspan="3">Residence</th> <th colspan="3">Occurrence</th> <th rowspan="2">% obtained by <p>out-of-state residents </p> </th> <th rowspan="2">Year</th> <th rowspan="2">Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td>No.</td> <td>Rate^</td> <td>Ratio^^</td> <td>No.</td> <td>Rate^</td> <td>Ratio^^ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mississippi </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>7,550 </td> <td>12.4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1992 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Abor_Miss_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abor_Miss-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mississippi </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>3,420 </td> <td>5.5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1995 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Abor_Miss_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abor_Miss-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mississippi </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>4,490 </td> <td>7.2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Abor_Miss_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abor_Miss-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mississippi</td> <td>5,104</td> <td>8.5</td> <td>132</td> <td>2,303</td> <td>3.8</td> <td>59</td> <td>3.6</td> <td>2014</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mississippi</td> <td>4,699</td> <td>7.8</td> <td>122</td> <td>2,613</td> <td>4.4</td> <td>68</td> <td>5.1</td> <td>2015</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mississippi </td> <td>4,708 </td> <td>7.9 </td> <td>124 </td> <td>2,569 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td>68 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>2016 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10">^number of abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44; ^^number of abortions per 1,000 live births </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abortion_rights_views_and_activities">Abortion rights views and activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Abortion rights views and activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women%27s_March_(32483755722).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Women%27s_March_%2832483755722%29.jpg/220px-Women%27s_March_%2832483755722%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Women%27s_March_%2832483755722%29.jpg/330px-Women%27s_March_%2832483755722%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Women%27s_March_%2832483755722%29.jpg/440px-Women%27s_March_%2832483755722%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Women's March in Jackson, Mississippi, USA, in 2017</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizations">Organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mississippi Reproductive Freedom Fund assists women, primarily African American women, "offer[ing] financial assistance and practical support to persons seeking abortion as well as free emergency contraception, community based comprehensive sex education and fighting for reproductive justice in Mississippi".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded by Laurie Bertram Roberts.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding">Funding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Mississippi passed abortion restrictions in 2019, Mississippi Reproductive Freedom Fund received a huge number of donations in the course of a single week totaling more than US$14,000.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests">Protests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Women from the state participated in marches supporting abortion rights as part of a #StoptheBans movement in May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the overturn of Roe v. Wade on June 24, 2022, abortion rights protests were held in <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gulfport,_Mississippi" title="Gulfport, Mississippi">Gulfport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Hattiesburg,_Mississippi" title="Hattiesburg, Mississippi">Hattiesburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-abortion_rights_views_and_activities">Anti-abortion rights views and activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anti-abortion rights views and activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activities">Activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1980s and 1990s, anti-abortion rights activists protested at different clinics around <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:222_26-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Jackson Women's Health had around 10 protesters outside their clinic on a daily basis.<sup id="cite_ref-:222_26-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Mississippi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240805074309/https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-41/chapter-41/performance-of-abortion-consent/section-41-41-45/">"Mississippi Code 1972 (2023) :: 41-41-45"</a>. <i>Justia Law</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-41/chapter-41/performance-of-abortion-consent/section-41-41-45/">the original</a> on August 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Regular+Session+-+Senate+Bill+2807&rft.pub=Mississippi+Legislative+Bill+Status+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbillstatus.ls.state.ms.us%2F2014%2Fpdf%2Fhistory%2FSB%2FSB2807.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/SB2807/2014">"MS SB2807 - 2014 - Regular Session"</a>. <i>LegiScan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegiScan&rft.atitle=MS+SB2807+-+2014+-+Regular+Session&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegiscan.com%2FMS%2Fbill%2FSB2807%2F2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/HB1198/2017">"MS HB1198 - 2017 - Regular Session"</a>. <i>LegiScan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegiScan&rft.atitle=MS+HB1198+-+2017+-+Regular+Session&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegiscan.com%2FMS%2Fbill%2FHB1198%2F2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/SB2562/2017">"MS SB2562 - 2017 - Regular Session"</a>. <i>LegiScan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegiScan&rft.atitle=MS+SB2562+-+2017+-+Regular+Session&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegiscan.com%2FMS%2Fbill%2FSB2562%2F2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/SB2584/2017">"MS SB2584 - 2017 - Regular Session"</a>. <i>LegiScan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegiScan&rft.atitle=MS+SB2584+-+2017+-+Regular+Session&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegiscan.com%2FMS%2Fbill%2FSB2584%2F2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/HB226/2018">"MS HB226 - 2018 - Regular Session"</a>. <i>LegiScan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegiScan&rft.atitle=MS+HB226+-+2018+-+Regular+Session&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegiscan.com%2FMS%2Fbill%2FHB226%2F2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/SB2143/2018">"MS SB2143 - 2018 - Regular Session"</a>. <i>LegiScan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegiScan&rft.atitle=MS+SB2143+-+2018+-+Regular+Session&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegiscan.com%2FMS%2Fbill%2FSB2143%2F2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/HB1509/2018">"MS HB1509 - 2018 - Regular Session"</a>. <i>LegiScan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegiScan&rft.atitle=MS+HB1509+-+2018+-+Regular+Session&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegiscan.com%2FMS%2Fbill%2FHB1509%2F2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2019/pdf/history/HB/HB0529.xml">"2019 Regular Session - House Bill 529"</a>. Mississippi Legislative Bill Status System<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+Regular+Session+-+House+Bill+529&rft.pub=Mississippi+Legislative+Bill+Status+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbillstatus.ls.state.ms.us%2F2019%2Fpdf%2Fhistory%2FHB%2FHB0529.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yall4-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yall4_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yall4_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlmer2019" class="citation news cs1">Ulmer, Sarah (February 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yallpolitics.com/2019/02/05/house-and-senate-pass-heartbeat-bills-out-of-committee/">"House and Senate pass HeartBeat bills out of Committee"</a>. Yall Politics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=House+and+Senate+pass+HeartBeat+bills+out+of+Committee&rft.date=2019-02-05&rft.aulast=Ulmer&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyallpolitics.com%2F2019%2F02%2F05%2Fhouse-and-senate-pass-heartbeat-bills-out-of-committee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2019/pdf/history/SB/SB2116.xml">"2019 Regular Session - Senate Bill 2116"</a>. Mississippi Legislative Bill Status System<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+Regular+Session+-+Senate+Bill+2116&rft.pub=Mississippi+Legislative+Bill+Status+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbillstatus.ls.state.ms.us%2F2019%2Fpdf%2Fhistory%2FSB%2FSB2116.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2019/pdf/history/HB/HB0732.xml">"2019 Regular Session - House Bill 732"</a>. Mississippi Legislative Bill Status System<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+Regular+Session+-+House+Bill+732&rft.pub=Mississippi+Legislative+Bill+Status+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbillstatus.ls.state.ms.us%2F2019%2Fpdf%2Fhistory%2FHB%2FHB0732.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagster_Pettus2019" class="citation news cs1">Wagster Pettus, Emily (February 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214062656/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/mississippi-advances-ban-on-abortion-after-fetal-heartbeat/2019/02/13/e79f5e36-2fec-11e9-8781-763619f12cb4_story.html">"Mississippi advances ban on abortion after fetal heartbeat"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/mississippi-advances-ban-on-abortion-after-fetal-heartbeat/2019/02/13/e79f5e36-2fec-11e9-8781-763619f12cb4_story.html">the original</a> on February 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2019</span>. <q>The Republican-controlled Mississippi House and Senate passed separate bills Wednesday to ban most abortions once a fetal heartbeat is detected, about six weeks into pregnancy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Mississippi+advances+ban+on+abortion+after+fetal+heartbeat&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft.aulast=Wagster+Pettus&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fhealth-science%2Fmississippi-advances-ban-on-abortion-after-fetal-heartbeat%2F2019%2F02%2F13%2Fe79f5e36-2fec-11e9-8781-763619f12cb4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtok.com/content/news/Fetal-heartbeat-bill-heads-to-governor-507366911.html">"Fetal heartbeat bill heads to governor"</a>. WTOK 11 (ABC). March 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fetal+heartbeat+bill+heads+to+governor&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtok.com%2Fcontent%2Fnews%2FFetal-heartbeat-bill-heads-to-governor-507366911.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingman2019" class="citation news cs1">Singman, Brooke (March 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/mississippi-gov-bryant-signs-heartbeat-bill-enacting-one-of-strictest-abortion-laws-in-nation">"Mississippi Gov. Bryant signs 'heartbeat bill,' enacting one of strictest abortion laws in nation"</a>. Fox News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mississippi+Gov.+Bryant+signs+%27heartbeat+bill%2C%27+enacting+one+of+strictest+abortion+laws+in+nation&rft.date=2019-03-22&rft.aulast=Singman&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fmississippi-gov-bryant-signs-heartbeat-bill-enacting-one-of-strictest-abortion-laws-in-nation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/45055/mississippi-bans-abortion-on-sex-race-genetic-disability">"Mississippi bans abortion on sex, race, genetic disability"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_News_Agency" title="Catholic News Agency">Catholic News Agency</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Mississippi+bans+abortion+on+sex%2C+race%2C+genetic+disability&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F45055%2Fmississippi-bans-abortion-on-sex-race-genetic-disability&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mississippi_and_Personhood-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mississippi_and_Personhood_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/08/mississippi-personhood-amendment_n_1082546.html">"Mississippi 'Personhood' Amendment Vote Fails"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. November 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Mississippi+%27Personhood%27+Amendment+Vote+Fails&rft.date=2011-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F11%2F08%2Fmississippi-personhood-amendment_n_1082546.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips" class="citation news cs1">Phillips, Rich. "Judge lets Mississippi's only abortion clinic stay open -- for now". CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Judge+lets+Mississippi%27s+only+abortion+clinic+stay+open+--+for+now&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShimabukuro2018" class="citation book cs1">Shimabukuro, Jon O. (April 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/LSB10117.pdf"><i>Mississippi Court Halts Enforcement of New Abortion Law</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Template:Abortion_by_US_state" title="Template:Abortion by US state"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Abortion_by_US_state" title="Template talk:Abortion by US state"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Abortion_by_US_state" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Abortion by US state"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Abortion_in_the_United_States_by_state" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion in the United States</a> by state</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Alabama" title="Abortion in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Alaska" title="Abortion in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Arizona" title="Abortion in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Arkansas" title="Abortion in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_California" title="Abortion in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colorado" title="Abortion in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Connecticut" title="Abortion in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Delaware" title="Abortion in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Florida" title="Abortion in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Abortion in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Hawaii" title="Abortion in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Idaho" title="Abortion in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Illinois" title="Abortion in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Indiana" title="Abortion in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Iowa" title="Abortion in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kansas" title="Abortion in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kentucky" title="Abortion in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Louisiana" title="Abortion in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Maine" title="Abortion in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Maryland" title="Abortion in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Massachusetts" title="Abortion in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Michigan" title="Abortion in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Minnesota" title="Abortion in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Missouri" title="Abortion in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Montana" title="Abortion in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nebraska" title="Abortion in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nevada" title="Abortion in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Hampshire" title="Abortion in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Jersey" title="Abortion in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Mexico" title="Abortion in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_York" title="Abortion in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_North_Carolina" title="Abortion in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_North_Dakota" title="Abortion in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ohio" title="Abortion in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Oklahoma" title="Abortion in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Oregon" title="Abortion in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Pennsylvania" title="Abortion in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Rhode_Island" title="Abortion in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_South_Carolina" title="Abortion in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_South_Dakota" title="Abortion in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Tennessee" title="Abortion in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Texas" title="Abortion in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Utah" title="Abortion in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Vermont" title="Abortion in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Virginia" title="Abortion in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Washington_(state)" title="Abortion in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_West_Virginia" title="Abortion in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Wisconsin" title="Abortion in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Wyoming" title="Abortion in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg/170px-Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg/255px-Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg/340px-Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Abortion in the District of Columbia">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_American_Samoa" title="Abortion in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Guam" title="Abortion in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Abortion in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Abortion in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Abortion in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.canary‐866d99ffb4‐qs6zl Cached time: 20241203092411 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.728 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