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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Order of Battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See 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id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7_(1866)" title="معركة كستوزا (1866) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة كستوزا (1866)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Custoza" title="Batalla de Custoza – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Custoza" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Custozy_(1866)" title="Bitva u Custozy (1866) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Custozy (1866)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Custozza_(1866)" title="Schlacht bei Custozza (1866) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Custozza (1866)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Custoza_(1866)" title="Batalla de Custoza (1866) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Custoza (1866)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Custoza_(1866)" title="Bataille de Custoza (1866) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Custoza (1866)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Custoza_(1866)" title="Pertempuran Custoza (1866) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Custoza (1866)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Custoza_(1866)" title="Battaglia di Custoza (1866) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Custoza (1866)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_(1866)" title="კუსტოცის ბრძოლა (1866) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კუსტოცის ბრძოლა (1866)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custozzai_csata_(1866)" title="Custozzai csata (1866) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Custozzai csata (1866)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_(1866)" title="Битка кај Кустоза (1866) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Битка кај Кустоза (1866)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Custoza_(1866)" title="Slag bij Custoza (1866) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Custoza (1866)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Custoza_(1866)" title="Slaget ved Custoza (1866) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Custoza (1866)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Custoz%C4%85_(1866)" title="Bitwa pod Custozą (1866) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Custozą (1866)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Custoza_(1866)" title="Batalha de Custoza (1866) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Custoza (1866)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Custozza_(1866)" title="Bătălia de la Custozza (1866) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Custozza (1866)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Вторая битва при Кустоце – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вторая битва при Кустоце" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_pri_Custozzi_(1866)" title="Bitka pri Custozzi (1866) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bitka pri Custozzi (1866)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Custoza" title="Slaget vid Custoza – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Custoza" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custoza_Muharebesi_(1866)" title="Custoza Muharebesi (1866) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Custoza Muharebesi (1866)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96_(1866)" title="Битва при Кустоці (1866) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва при Кустоці (1866)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Custoza_(1866)" title="Trận Custoza (1866) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Custoza (1866)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°22′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°47′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.37889°N 10.79583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.37889; 10.79583</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Battle of Sudza</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote 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class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)##" title="Talk:Battle of Custoza (1866)">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Battle+of+Custoza%22+1866">"Battle of Custoza" 1866</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Battle+of+Custoza%22+1866+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Battle+of+Custoza%22+1866&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Battle+of+Custoza%22+1866+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Battle+of+Custoza%22+1866">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Battle+of+Custoza%22+1866&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Custoza</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War of Independence</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Custozza1866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Custozza1866.jpg/310px-Custozza1866.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Custozza1866.jpg/465px-Custozza1866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Custozza1866.jpg/620px-Custozza1866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1692" data-file-height="964" /></a></span><br />The charge of the 13th Regiment of Austrian Uhlans.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>24 June 1866</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Custoza" title="Custoza">Custoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Venetia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/26px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/39px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/52px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">Alfonso La Marmora</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Albrecht,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Albrecht</a> </p> <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_John" title="Franz von John">Franz Freiherr von John</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 120,000 available <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 50,000 used</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 75,000 mobilized <br />46+ guns</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 720 killed<br />3,112 wounded<br />4,315 captured<br />6 guns captured<br /><b>Total</b>:<br />8,147 casualties</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 960 killed<br />3,690 wounded<br />1,000 captured<br /><b>Total</b>:<br />5,650 casualties</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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title="Naval operations on Lake Garda (1866)">Lake Garda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_in_Valtellina_(1866)" title="Operations in Valtellina (1866)">Valtellina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Monte_Suello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Monte Suello (page does not exist)">Monte Suello</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vezza_d%27Oglio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vezza d'Oglio (page does not exist)">Vezza d'Oglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lissa_(1866)" title="Battle of Lissa (1866)">Lissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bezzecca" title="Battle of Bezzecca">Bezzecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Versa" title="Battle of Versa">Versa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Custoza</b> took place on the 24 June 1866 during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War of Independence</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a> process. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Imperial</a> army, joined by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Venetian Army</a>, jointly commanded by <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Albrecht,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Albrecht of Habsburg</a>, defeated the Italian army, led by <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Cialdini" title="Enrico Cialdini">Enrico Cialdini</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1866, the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German</a> Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> declared war on the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>. The recently formed <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> decided to seize the opportunity and allied with Prussia with the intention of annexing <a href="/wiki/Venetia_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetia (region)">Venetia</a> and thus uniting the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a>. The Italians rapidly built up a military force that was twice the size of their Austrian counterparts defending Venetia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_Battle">Order of Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Order of Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Austrian South Army</b> (Field Marshal Archduke Albrecht) </p> <ul><li><i>V Corps</i> (General <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Freiherr_von_Rodich" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Freiherr von Rodich">Gabriel Freiherr von Rodich</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Moering, Piret Brigades</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>VII Corps</i> (General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Freiherr_von_Maroicic" title="Joseph Freiherr von Maroicic">Joseph Freiherr von Maroicic</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Scudier, Töply, Welsersheimb Brigades</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>IX Corps</i> (General <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ritter_von_Hartung" title="Ernst Ritter von Hartung">Ernst Ritter von Hartung</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Böck, Kirchsberg, Weckbecker Brigades</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Reserve Division</i> (General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Rupprecht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Rupprecht (page does not exist)">Friedrich Rupprecht</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Two weak brigades</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Cavalry Division</i> (General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Freiherr_von_Pulz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Freiherr von Pulz (page does not exist)">Ludwig Freiherr von Pulz</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>Italian Mincio Army</b> (General Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora) </p> <ul><li><i>I Corps</i> (General <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Durando" title="Giovanni Durando">Giovanni Durando</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th Divisions</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>III Corps</i> (General <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Morozzo_Della_Rocca" title="Enrico Morozzo Della Rocca">Enrico Morozzo Della Rocca</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>7th, 8th, 9th and 16th Divisions, plus an unattached Cavalry Division<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the fourth week of May, the Italians divided their forces into two armies: the 11 division strong <i>Army of the Mincio</i> led by General <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora</a> and accompanied by King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Vittorio Emanuele II</a>, and the 5 division strong <i>Army of the Po</i>, led by <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Cialdini" title="Enrico Cialdini">Enrico Cialdini</a>. The Austrians, using the advantage of interior lines and the protection given by the <a href="/wiki/Quadrilatero" title="Quadrilatero">Quadrilateral forts</a>, concentrated against the <i>Army of the Mincio</i> and left a covering force against the <i>Army of the Po</i>. </p><p>The King's force was to move into the <a href="/wiki/Trentino" title="Trentino">Trentino</a> region, while La Marmora's crossed the <a href="/wiki/Mincio_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mincio River">Mincio River</a> and invaded Venetia. Meanwhile, the Austrian soldiers under Archduke Albrecht of Habsburg marched west from <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a> to the north of the Italians, in an attempt to move behind the Italians so as to cut them off from the rear, and thus, slaughter them. At the start of the 24 June 1866, La Marmora changed the direction of his front, toward the same heights the Austrians were trying to use as a launching point for their attack. Instead of an enveloping battle, the two forces collided head on, with both headquarters trying to discover what happened in the heights near <a href="/wiki/Villafranca_di_Verona" title="Villafranca di Verona">Villafranca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the Austrian left, the Austrian cavalry attacked the Italian I Corps without orders at 7:00 am. Although the attack was ineffectual and only crippled the Austrian cavalry, it created a panic in the Italian rear and immobilized three Italian divisions, who for the rest of the battle only took a defensive posture.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the morning isolated fights broke out in Oliosi, San Rocco, Custoza and San Giorgio between Rodic's V Corps and Durando's I Corps. After fierce fighting the division of Cerale was thrown out of Oliosi, broke, and fled to the Mincio. Sirtori's division was blocked from Monte Vento by Rodic's other troops and by 8:00am, he was thrown back by fierce bayonet attacks. By 8:30 am however, gaps were opening in the Austrian line. Brignone's division had taken Belvedere Hill near Custoza after fighting with Hartung's IX Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 9:00 am, Hartung started launching attacks up Monte Croce, trying to dislodge Brignone, but by 10:00am the Austrians seemed spent. The Italians however neglected reinforcing Brignone. <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">The King's younger son Amadeo</a> led a counterattack, which failed, with the prince being severely wounded, and Brignone was ultimately forced to leave the position.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_Fattori_019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Giovanni_Fattori_019.jpg/220px-Giovanni_Fattori_019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Giovanni_Fattori_019.jpg/330px-Giovanni_Fattori_019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Giovanni_Fattori_019.jpg/440px-Giovanni_Fattori_019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="749" /></a><figcaption><i>Prince Amadeo wounded at Custoza</i> (1870) by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Fattori" title="Giovanni Fattori">Giovanni Fattori</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La Marmora then ordered the divisions of Cugia and Govone up the heights to relieve Brignone. This forced the Austrian brigades of Böck and Scudier out of Custoza. Scudier then retired from the field, opening another gap in the Austrian line. On the Italian left Sirtori had managed to stabilize his front after Cerale's flight. At this point in the battle, both sides were thinking they were facing a lost battle.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1:00 pm La Marmora, deciding the battle was lost and wanting to secure his bridgeheads, ordered a retreat. Unbeknownst to La Marmora, Govone's division had beaten back the VII Corps and captured Belvedere Hill. By 2:00 pm Rodic launched an attack on Monte Vento and Santa Lucia. When Sirtori's division gave way, a hole appeared in the Italian line, which the Austrians exploited. Govone, who thought he had finally broken through the Austrian line, suddenly found himself isolated near Custoza, with Rodic on one flank and an Austrian brigade making for the bridge at Monzambano. At this point, he was attacked in his other flank by Maroicic, who without orders had committed the two Austrian reserve brigades to the fight. At the same time Hartung's Corps was ordered to restart the fight. They drove off the division of Cugia, capturing six guns and many prisoners on the top of Monte Torre, which they had earlier failed to capture. After a bombardment by 40 Austrian guns, at 5:00 pm the Italians were driven out of Custoza by Maroicic.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Austrians were victorious, both strategically and tactically. The Italians were driven back across the <a href="/wiki/Mincio" title="Mincio">Mincio</a> out of Veneto. It was, however, not a decisive defeat. To inflict a decisive defeat on the Italians, Albrecht's forces needed to drive southwest to seize the bridges across the Mincio (which the Italians had neglected to fortify). Such a pursuit would have trapped the disbanded remnants of the two Italian corps on the east bank of the river and enabled Albrecht to invade the Kingdom of Italy itself. </p><p>Instead, Albrecht did not order a pursuit because he thought the Austrians were too exhausted and the Austrian cavalry had been mauled by frivolous attacks in the morning. He thus squandered the possibility of destroying the demoralized <i>Army of the Mincio</i>. On the 26 June 1866, Albrecht shifted his headquarters back to Verona, because he was concerned about a possible French reply to an Austrian invasion of Lombardy. He should not have been: even the Emperor advised Albrecht to ignore all political considerations.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After their loss at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%B6niggr%C3%A4tz" title="Battle of Königgrätz">Königgrätz</a> (3 July), the Austrians were forced to transfer one corps from South Army to Austria to cover Vienna, weakening their forces in Veneto. The Italians, however, resumed their offensive only in mid-July. Cialdini crossed the Po and occupied Rovigo (11 July), <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a> (12 July), <a href="/wiki/Treviso" title="Treviso">Treviso</a> (14 July), <a href="/wiki/San_Don%C3%A0_di_Piave" title="San Donà di Piave">San Donà di Piave</a> (18 July), <a href="/wiki/Valdobbiadene" title="Valdobbiadene">Valdobbiadene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oderzo" title="Oderzo">Oderzo</a> (20 July), <a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a> (21 July) and finally <a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a> (22 July). In the meantime Garibaldi's volunteers had pushed forward from <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> towards Trento (see <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Trentino_(1866)" title="Invasion of Trentino (1866)">Invasion of Trentino</a>) fighting victoriously at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bezzecca" title="Battle of Bezzecca">battle of Bezzecca</a> of the 21 July. </p><p>Despite the victory at Custoza and a naval defeat of the Italians at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lissa_(1866)" title="Battle of Lissa (1866)">Lissa</a>, due to Königgrätz the Austrians were forced to surrender to the Prussians and were forced to cede Veneto. </p><p>Scenes from the Italian side of this battle were recreated for the 1954 <a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> film <a href="/wiki/Senso_(film)" title="Senso (film)"><i>Senso</i></a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadrilatero" title="Quadrilatero">Quadrilatero</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albrecht Friedrich von Österreich: Erster offizieller Bericht über die Schlacht bei Custozza am 24. Juni 1866, in: Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift, Jahrgang 1866, Nr. 2. Alberto Pollio: Custoza (1866). Stab. Poligr. per l' Amministrazione della Guerra, Rom 1923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSeewald2020" class="citation news cs1">Seewald, Berthold (25 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/geschichte/article186477738/Custozza-1866-Der-letzte-grosse-Triumph-Oesterreichs-ueber-Italien.html">"Custozza-Schlacht 1866: Der letzte große Triumph Österreichs über Italien"</a>. <i>Die Welt</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt&rft.atitle=Custozza-Schlacht+1866%3A+Der+letzte+gro%C3%9Fe+Triumph+%C3%96sterreichs+%C3%BCber+Italien&rft.date=2020-05-25&rft.aulast=Seewald&rft.aufirst=Berthold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Fgeschichte%2Farticle186477738%2FCustozza-1866-Der-letzte-grosse-Triumph-Oesterreichs-ueber-Italien.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Custoza+%281866%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The II Corps, with its 6th, 10th and 19th Divisions, did not engage in the battle. <i>Wavro</i> pp. 96-116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wawro</i>, pp. 100–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wawro</i>, pp. 104–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wawro</i>, pp. 107–109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wawro</i>, pp. 109–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wawro</i>, pp. 111–112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wawro</i>, pp. 114–116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wawro</i>, pp. 116–120.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clash-of-steel.co.uk/conflicts/details.php?entry=CUSTOZZA01">"Details on Custozza – from the Clash of Steel online battle database"</a>. <i>clash-of-steel.co.uk</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=clash-of-steel.co.uk&rft.atitle=Details+on+Custozza+%E2%80%93+from+the+Clash+of+Steel+online+battle+database&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clash-of-steel.co.uk%2Fconflicts%2Fdetails.php%3Fentry%3DCUSTOZZA01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Custoza+%281866%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>: Second Battle of Custoza</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wawro" title="Geoffrey Wawro">Geoffrey Wawro</a>, <i>The Austro-Prussian War. Austria's war with Prussia and Italy in 1866</i> (New York 2007)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927072504/http://www.marx.org/archive/marx/works/1866/06/28.htm">"Notes on the War in Germany" No. III</a>, <i>The Manchester Guardian</i>, No. 6197, June 28, 1866. A contemporary news paper article.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2020/01/14/clawed-by-the-austrian-eagle-at-the-battle-of-custoza/">"Clawed by the Austrian Eagle at the Battle of Custoza"</a>, Robert Heege, <i>Warfare History Network</i>, 14 Jan 2020</li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)&params=45_22_44_N_10_47_45_E_type:event_region:IT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°22′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°47′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.37889°N 10.79583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.37889; 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