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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_use_and_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culinary use and history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary_use_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Helix pomatia</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A" title="حلزون كرمي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلزون كرمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_pomatia" title="Helix pomatia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Helix pomatia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խխունջներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խխունջներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cz%C3%BCm_ilbizi" title="Üzüm ilbizi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üzüm ilbizi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Вінаградны слімак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вінаградны слімак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2" title="Градински охлюв – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Градински охлюв" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caragol_de_Borgonya" title="Caragol de Borgonya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caragol de Borgonya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_pomatia" title="Helix pomatia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Helix pomatia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlem%C3%BD%C5%BE%C4%8F_zahradn%C3%AD" title="Hlemýžď zahradní – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hlemýžď zahradní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinbjergsnegl" title="Vinbjergsnegl – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vinbjergsnegl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinbergschnecke" title="Weinbergschnecke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weinbergschnecke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harilik_viinam%C3%A4etigu" title="Harilik viinamäetigu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harilik viinamäetigu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_pomatia" title="Helix pomatia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Helix pomatia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_pomatia" title="Helix pomatia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Helix pomatia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="حلزون رومی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حلزون رومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundarsnigil" title="Burgundarsnigil – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Burgundarsnigil" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_pomatia" title="Helix pomatia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Helix pomatia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%BB" title="Խաղողի խխունջ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խաղողի խխունջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_pomatia" title="Helix pomatia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Helix pomatia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1sarbobbi" title="Krásarbobbi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Krásarbobbi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_pomatia" title="Helix pomatia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Helix pomatia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="שבלול רומי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שבלול רומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ვაზის ლოკოკინა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვაზის ლოკოკინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92gardowi_szm%C3%B9lk" title="Ògardowi szmùlk – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ògardowi szmùlk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%BC_%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF" title="Жүзүм үлүлү – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жүзүм үлүлү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vynuogin%C4%97_sraig%C4%97" title="Vynuoginė sraigė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vynuoginė sraigė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karkol" title="Karkol – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Karkol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ticsiga" title="Éticsiga – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Éticsiga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%89" title="حلزون كرمى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حلزون كرمى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wijngaardslak" title="Wijngaardslak – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wijngaardslak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="चिप्लेकीरा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिप्लेकीरा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4" title="リンゴマイマイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リンゴマイマイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winberagsnek" title="Winberagsnek – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Winberagsnek" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinbergsnegl" title="Vinbergsnegl – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vinbergsnegl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Alimak_winniczek" title="Ślimak winniczek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ślimak winniczek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_pomatia" title="Helix pomatia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Helix pomatia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melc_de_livad%C4%83" title="Melc de livadă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Melc de livadă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Виноградная улитка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виноградная улитка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_pomatia" title="Helix pomatia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Helix pomatia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slim%C3%A1k_z%C3%A1hradn%C3%BD" title="Slimák záhradný – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Slimák záhradný" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_vrtni_pol%C5%BE" title="Veliki vrtni polž – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Veliki vrtni polž" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B6" title="Виноградски пуж – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виноградски пуж" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viinim%C3%A4kikotilo" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Species of gastropod</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Helix pomatia</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg/220px-Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg/330px-Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg/440px-Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="2283" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Helix" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gastropoda" title="Gastropoda">Gastropoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stylommatophora" title="Stylommatophora">Stylommatophora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helicidae" title="Helicidae">Helicidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helix_(gastropod)" title="Helix (gastropod)"><i>Helix</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>H. pomatia</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Helix pomatia</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-cat_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; text-align:left">List</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size:105%"> <ul class="taxonlist"><li><i>Helicogena inflata</i> <small> Hartmann, 1844 </small></li><li><i>Helicogena pomatia</i> <small> (Linnaeus, 1758) </small></li><li><i>Helicogena pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> gesneri</i> <small> Hartmann, 1844 </small></li><li><i>Helicogena pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> rustica</i> <small> Hartmann, 1844 </small></li><li><i>Helicogena pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> sphaeralis</i> <small> Hartmann, 1844 </small></li><li><i>Helix <span style="font-style:normal;">(</span>Helix<span style="font-style:normal;">)</span> pomatia</i> <small> Linnaeus, 1758 </small></li><li><i>Helix eusarcosoma</i> <small> Servain, 1884 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomaria</i> <small> O. F. Müller, 1774 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia albida</i> <small> Moquin-Tandon, 1855 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia brunnea</i> <small> Moquin-Tandon, 1855 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia expansilabris</i> <small> Kobelt, 1906 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia parva</i> <small> Moquin-Tandon, 1855 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia quinquefasciata</i> <small> Moquin-Tandon, 1855 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> banatica</i> <small> Kimakowicz, 1890 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> claudiensis</i> <small> Kobelt, 1906 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> compacta</i> <small> Hazay, 1880 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> costellata</i> <small> Kobelt, 1906 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> dobrudschae</i> <small> Kobelt, 1906 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> elsae</i> <small> Kobelt, 1906 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> gratiosa</i> <small> Gredler, 1892 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> hajnaldiana</i> <small> Hazay, 1880 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> kapellae</i> <small> Kobelt, 1906 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> lagarinae</i> <small> Adami, 1885 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> lednicensis</i> <small> Brancsik, 1888 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> luteola</i> <small> Kobelt, 1906 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> pannonica</i> <small> Kobelt, 1906 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> pedemontana</i> <small> Kobelt, 1907 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> piceata</i> <small> Gredler, 1890 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> pulskyana</i> <small> Hazay, 1880 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> radiata</i> <small> Ulicny, 1885 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> sabulosa</i> <small> Hazay, 1880 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> serbica</i> <small> Kobelt, 1906 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> solitaria</i> <small> Hazay, 1880 </small></li><li><i>Helix pomatia <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> transsylvanica</i> <small> Kobelt, 1906 </small></li><li><i>Helix promaeca</i> <small> Bourguignat, 1882 </small></li><li><i>Helix pyrgia</i> <small> Bourguignat, 1882 </small></li><li><i>Helix scalaris</i> <small> O. F. Müller, 1774 </small></li><li><i>Helix segalaunica</i> <small> Sayn, 1888 </small></li></ul></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Helix pomatia</b></i>, known as the <b>Roman snail</b>, <b>Burgundy snail</b>, or <b>escargot</b>, is a species of large, air-breathing <a href="/wiki/Stylommatophora" title="Stylommatophora">stylommatophoran</a> land <a href="/wiki/Snails" class="mw-redirect" title="Snails">snail</a> native to Europe. It is characterized by a globular brown shell. It is an edible species which commonly occurs <a href="/wiki/Synanthrope" title="Synanthrope">synanthropically</a> throughout its range. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helix-pomatia_Presence_in_European_countries.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Helix-pomatia_Presence_in_European_countries.png/220px-Helix-pomatia_Presence_in_European_countries.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Helix-pomatia_Presence_in_European_countries.png/330px-Helix-pomatia_Presence_in_European_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Helix-pomatia_Presence_in_European_countries.png/440px-Helix-pomatia_Presence_in_European_countries.png 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="1213" /></a><figcaption>Distribution map of <i>H. pomatia</i> showing the European countries where the species is present</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SnailMeeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/SnailMeeting.jpg/220px-SnailMeeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/SnailMeeting.jpg/330px-SnailMeeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/SnailMeeting.jpg/440px-SnailMeeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Odenwald" title="Odenwald">Odenwald</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helix_pomatia_eye_microscopical.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Helix_pomatia_eye_microscopical.jpg/220px-Helix_pomatia_eye_microscopical.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Helix_pomatia_eye_microscopical.jpg/330px-Helix_pomatia_eye_microscopical.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Helix_pomatia_eye_microscopical.jpg/440px-Helix_pomatia_eye_microscopical.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1975" data-file-height="2426" /></a><figcaption>Helix pomatia, light micrograph of an eye; <i>1</i> anterior chamber, <i>2</i> lens, <i>3</i> retina, <i>4</i> optic nerve</figcaption></figure> <p>The present <a href="/wiki/Species_distribution" title="Species distribution">distribution</a> of <i>Helix pomatia</i> is considerably affected by the dispersion by <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> and synanthropic occurrences. The northern limits of their natural distribution run presumably through central <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> with the eastern range limits running through western-most <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. In the south, the species reaches northern Bulgaria, central <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Hezegovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>. It occurs in northern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> southwards to the <a href="/wiki/Po_(river)" title="Po (river)">Po</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligurian Apennines">Ligurian Apennines</a>. Westerly the native range extends to eastern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, <i>H. pomatia</i> is distributed up to western Russia (broadly distributed in and around <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moskva</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the south of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a>. Scattered introduced populations occur westwards up to northern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, it lives on <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a> soils in the south and west of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. In the east, isolated populations live as far as south of Novosibirsk.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Introduced populations also exist in the eastern <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helix_pomatia_MHNT.ZOO.2002.0.33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Helix_pomatia_MHNT.ZOO.2002.0.33.jpg/220px-Helix_pomatia_MHNT.ZOO.2002.0.33.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Helix_pomatia_MHNT.ZOO.2002.0.33.jpg/330px-Helix_pomatia_MHNT.ZOO.2002.0.33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Helix_pomatia_MHNT.ZOO.2002.0.33.jpg/440px-Helix_pomatia_MHNT.ZOO.2002.0.33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7514" data-file-height="6400" /></a><figcaption> View of a <a href="/wiki/Gastropod_shell" title="Gastropod shell">shell</a> of <i>Helix pomatia</i></figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gastropod_shell" title="Gastropod shell">shell</a> is creamy white to light brownish, often with indistinct brown colour bands although sometimes the banding is well developed and conspicuous. The shell has five to six <a href="/wiki/Whorl_(mollusc)" title="Whorl (mollusc)">whorls</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Aperture_(mollusc)" title="Aperture (mollusc)">aperture</a> is large. The apertural margin is slightly reflected in adult snails. The <a href="/wiki/Umbilicus_(mollusc)" title="Umbilicus (mollusc)">umbilicus</a> is narrow and partly covered by the reflected columellar margin.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The width of the shell is 30–50 millimetres (1.2–2.0 inches).<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The height of the shell is 30–45 mm (1.2–1.8 in).<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitat">Habitat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Central Europe, it occurs in forests and shrubland, as well as in various synanthropic habitats. It lives up to 2,100 m (6,900 ft) above sea level in the Alps, but usually below 2,000 m (6,600 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the south of England, it is restricted to undisturbed grassy or bushy wastelands, usually not in gardens.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifecycle">Lifecycle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lifecycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinbergssn%C3%A4cka_l%C3%A4gger_%C3%A4gg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Vinbergssn%C3%A4cka_l%C3%A4gger_%C3%A4gg.jpg/220px-Vinbergssn%C3%A4cka_l%C3%A4gger_%C3%A4gg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Vinbergssn%C3%A4cka_l%C3%A4gger_%C3%A4gg.jpg/330px-Vinbergssn%C3%A4cka_l%C3%A4gger_%C3%A4gg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Vinbergssn%C3%A4cka_l%C3%A4gger_%C3%A4gg.jpg/440px-Vinbergssn%C3%A4cka_l%C3%A4gger_%C3%A4gg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2396" data-file-height="2108" /></a><figcaption><i>Helix pomatia</i> (left) laying eggs</figcaption></figure><p>This snail is <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">hermaphroditic</a>. Reproduction in Central Europe begins at the end of May.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Reproduction</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helix_pomatia_reproductive_system.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reproductive system of H. pomatia"><img alt="Reproductive system of H. pomatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Helix_pomatia_reproductive_system.jpg/120px-Helix_pomatia_reproductive_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Helix_pomatia_reproductive_system.jpg/179px-Helix_pomatia_reproductive_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Helix_pomatia_reproductive_system.jpg/239px-Helix_pomatia_reproductive_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_system_of_gastropods" title="Reproductive system of gastropods">Reproductive system</a> of <i>H. pomatia</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weinbergschnecke_Paarung.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pair of H. pomatia in courtship, shortly before mating"><img alt="A pair of H. pomatia in courtship, shortly before mating" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Weinbergschnecke_Paarung.jpg/120px-Weinbergschnecke_Paarung.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Weinbergschnecke_Paarung.jpg/180px-Weinbergschnecke_Paarung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Weinbergschnecke_Paarung.jpg/240px-Weinbergschnecke_Paarung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2468" data-file-height="1651" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pair of <i>H. pomatia</i> in courtship, shortly before mating</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helix_pomatia_head_mating.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drawing of head of mating H. pomatia with everted penis and dart sac shooting a love dart"><img alt="Drawing of head of mating H. pomatia with everted penis and dart sac shooting a love dart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Helix_pomatia_head_mating.jpg/120px-Helix_pomatia_head_mating.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Helix_pomatia_head_mating.jpg/180px-Helix_pomatia_head_mating.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Helix_pomatia_head_mating.jpg/240px-Helix_pomatia_head_mating.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="228" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drawing of head of mating <i>H. pomatia</i> with everted penis and dart sac shooting a <a href="/wiki/Love_dart" title="Love dart">love dart</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helix_pomatia_laying_eggs_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Drawing of H. pomatia laying eggs"><img alt="Drawing of H. pomatia laying eggs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Helix_pomatia_laying_eggs_2.png/95px-Helix_pomatia_laying_eggs_2.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Helix_pomatia_laying_eggs_2.png/143px-Helix_pomatia_laying_eggs_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Helix_pomatia_laying_eggs_2.png/191px-Helix_pomatia_laying_eggs_2.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="861" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drawing of <i>H. pomatia</i> laying eggs</div> </li> </ul><p>Eggs are laid in June and July, in clutches of 40–65 eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The size of the egg is 5.5–6.5 mm<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 8.6 × 7.2 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-Barker_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juveniles hatch after three to four weeks, and may consume their siblings under unfavourable climate conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maturity is reached after two to five years.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The life span is up to 20 years, but they often die sooner due to drying in summer and freezing in winter.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten-year-old individuals are probably not uncommon in natural populations.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maximum lifespan is 35 years.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Estivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Estivation">estivation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hibernation" title="Hibernation">hibernation</a>, <i>H. pomatia</i> is one of the few species that is capable of creating a <a href="/wiki/Calcareous" title="Calcareous">calcareous</a> <a href="/wiki/Epiphragm" title="Epiphragm">epiphragm</a> to seal the opening of its shell. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Hibernation</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helix_pomatia_hibernation.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Drawing of H. pomatia during hibernation"><img alt="Drawing of H. pomatia during hibernation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Helix_pomatia_hibernation.png/120px-Helix_pomatia_hibernation.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Helix_pomatia_hibernation.png/180px-Helix_pomatia_hibernation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Helix_pomatia_hibernation.png/240px-Helix_pomatia_hibernation.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="733" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drawing of <i>H. pomatia</i> during <a href="/wiki/Hibernation" title="Hibernation">hibernation</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helix_pomatia_operculum_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Photo of the shell with an epiphragm"><img alt="Photo of the shell with an epiphragm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Helix_pomatia_operculum_hg.jpg/120px-Helix_pomatia_operculum_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Helix_pomatia_operculum_hg.jpg/180px-Helix_pomatia_operculum_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Helix_pomatia_operculum_hg.jpg/240px-Helix_pomatia_operculum_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="1426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Photo of the shell with an epiphragm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helix_pomatia_-_epiphragma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Epiphragm of H. pomatia"><img alt="Epiphragm of H. pomatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Helix_pomatia_-_epiphragma.jpg/120px-Helix_pomatia_-_epiphragma.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Helix_pomatia_-_epiphragma.jpg/180px-Helix_pomatia_-_epiphragma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Helix_pomatia_-_epiphragma.jpg/240px-Helix_pomatia_-_epiphragma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Epiphragm" title="Epiphragm">Epiphragm</a> of <i>H. pomatia</i></div> </li> </ul><p>Preference for feeding on the nettle <i><a href="/wiki/Urtica_dioica" title="Urtica dioica">Urtica dioica</a></i> was found in <i>H. pomatia</i> juveniles in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This species is listed in <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a>, and in European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs as of least concern.<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>H. pomatia</i> is threatened by continuous <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destructions</a> and drainage, usually less threatened by commercial collections.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to establish the species in various parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland; it only survived in natural habitats in southern England, and is threatened by <a href="/wiki/Intensive_farming" title="Intensive farming">intensive farming</a> and habitat destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is of lower concern in Switzerland and Austria, but many regions restrict commercial collecting.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within its native range, <i>Helix pomatia</i> is mostly a common species. It is also considered <a href="/wiki/Least-concern_species" title="Least-concern species">Least Concern</a> by the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is listed in the Annex V of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Habitats_Directive" title="Habitats Directive">Habitats Directive</a> and protected by law in several countries to regulate harvesting from free living populations. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Germany" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Germany">Germany</a>: listed as a specially protected species in annex 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Bundesartenschutzverordnung" title="Bundesartenschutzverordnung">Bundesartenschutzverordnung</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>: the protection is up to <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Bundesländer</a></i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the species is protected in some (e.g. Burgenland<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Great_Britain" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>: protected in England under the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_and_Countryside_Act_1981" title="Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981">Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981</a>, making it illegal to kill, injure, collect or sell these snails.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-marine molluscs of France">France</a>: collecting prohibited of individuals with shell diameter under 3 cm and during the period from 1 April to 30 June.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: commercial collecting is prohibited.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The intestinal juice of <i>H. pomatia</i> contains large amounts of aryl, steroid, and glucosinolate sulfatase activities. These sulfatases have a broad specificity, so they are commonly used as a hydrolyzing agent in analytical procedures such as chromatography where they are used to prepare samples for analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culinary_use_and_history">Culinary use and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culinary use and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cooked_snails.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cooked_snails.JPG/220px-Cooked_snails.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cooked_snails.JPG/330px-Cooked_snails.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cooked_snails.JPG/440px-Cooked_snails.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Cooked snails are called <i><a href="/wiki/Escargot" class="mw-redirect" title="Escargot">escargots</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Roman snails were eaten by Ancient Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nowadays, these snails are especially popular in French cuisine. In the English language, it is called by the French name <i><a href="/wiki/Escargot" class="mw-redirect" title="Escargot">escargot</a></i> when used in cooking (<i>escargot</i> simply means snail). </p><p>Although this species is highly prized as a food, it is difficult to cultivate and is rarely farmed commercially.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.<sup id="cite_ref-AB_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNeubert,_E.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Neubert, E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/156519/4957463">"<i>Helix pomatia</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2011</b>: e.T156519A4957463. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T156519A4957463.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T156519A4957463.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1–4], 1–824. Holmiae. (Salvius).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cat-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cat_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6LLM4">"Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">Catalogue of Life</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Species_2000" title="Species 2000">Species 2000</a>: Leiden, the Netherlands<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legifrance.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+du+24+avril+1979+fixant+la+liste+des+escargots+dont+le+ramassage+et+la+cession+%C3%A0+titre+gratuit+ou+on%C3%A9reux+peuvent+%C3%AAtre+interdits+ou+autoris%C3%A9s+-+L%C3%A9gifrance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Floda%2Fid%2FLEGITEXT000006074396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelix+pomatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiljøministeriet2021" class="citation cs2">Miljøministeriet (2021-03-25), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2021/521"><i>Bekendtgørelse om fredning af visse dyre- og plantearter og pleje af tilskadekommet vildt</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-22</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bekendtg%C3%B8relse+om+fredning+af+visse+dyre-+og+plantearter+og+pleje+af+tilskadekommet+vildt&rft.date=2021-03-25&rft.au=Milj%C3%B8ministeriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retsinformation.dk%2Feli%2Flta%2F2021%2F521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelix+pomatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoy1987" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Alexander B (1987). <i>Methods in Enzymology, Volume 143, Sulfatases from Helix pomatia</i>. Academic Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">361–</span>366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780121820435" title="Special:BookSources/9780121820435"><bdi>9780121820435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Methods+in+Enzymology%2C+Volume+143%2C+Sulfatases+from+Helix+pomatia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E361-%3C%2Fspan%3E366&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780121820435&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Alexander+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelix+pomatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuono2015" class="citation web cs1">Buono, Giuseppe Del (2015-02-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wsimag.com/food-and-wine/13296-the-roman-snail">"The roman snail"</a>. <i>Wall Street International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+International&rft.atitle=The+roman+snail&rft.date=2015-02-24&rft.aulast=Buono&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe+Del&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwsimag.com%2Ffood-and-wine%2F13296-the-roman-snail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelix+pomatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="tlwm" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.molluscs.at/gastropoda/terrestrial/helix.html?/gastropoda/terrestrial/helix/cultivation.html">"Snail Cultivation (Heliciculture)"</a>. The Living World of Molluscs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snail+Cultivation+%28Heliciculture%29&rft.pub=The+Living+World+of+Molluscs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.molluscs.at%2Fgastropoda%2Fterrestrial%2Fhelix.html%3F%2Fgastropoda%2Fterrestrial%2Fhelix%2Fcultivation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelix+pomatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Egorov R. (2015). "<i>Helix pomatia</i> Linnaeus, 1758: the history of its introduction and recent distribution in European Russia". <i><a href="/wiki/Malacologica_Bohemoslovaca" title="Malacologica Bohemoslovaca">Malacologica Bohemoslovaca</a></i> <b>14</b>: 91–101. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mollusca.sav.sk/pdf/14/14.Egorov.pdf">PDF</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> Roumyantseva E. G. & Dedkov V. P. (2006). "Reproductive properties of the Roman snail <i>Helix pomatia</i> L. in the Kaliningrad Region, Russia". <i>Ruthenica</i> <b>15</b>: 131–138. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/vol15_RUMYANTSEVA_Dedkov_131-138.pdf">abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222164619/http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/vol15_RUMYANTSEVA_Dedkov_131-138.pdf">Archived</a> 2018-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_pomatia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Helix_pomatia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Helix pomatia">Helix pomatia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Helix_pomatia" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Helix pomatia">Helix pomatia</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886">Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/mollus/article/82/1/11/2460193">Korábek, O., Juřičková, L. & Petrusek, A. (2015). Splitting the Roman snail Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 (Stylommatophora: Helicidae) into two: redescription of the forgotten Helix thessalica Boettger, 1886. Journal of Molluscan Studies 82: 11–22</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helix_pomatia.html">Animal Diversity Web page</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Snails-Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Snails-Italy.jpg/160px-Snails-Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Snails-Italy.jpg/240px-Snails-Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Snails-Italy.jpg/320px-Snails-Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land and freshwater gastropods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helix pomatia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornu_aspersum" title="Cornu aspersum">Cornu aspersum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helix_aperta" class="mw-redirect" title="Helix aperta">Helix aperta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cepaea_nemoralis" title="Cepaea nemoralis">Cepaea nemoralis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otala_lactea" title="Otala lactea">Otala lactea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escargot" class="mw-redirect" title="Escargot">Escargot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free-swimming marine <a href="/wiki/Bivalve" class="mw-redirect" title="Bivalve">bivalves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_scallop" title="Queen scallop">Queen scallop</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pecten_maximus" title="Pecten maximus">Pecten maximus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pecten_jacobaeus" title="Pecten jacobaeus">Pecten jacobaeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argopecten_irradians" title="Argopecten irradians">Argopecten irradians</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Placopecten_magellanicus" title="Placopecten magellanicus">Placopecten magellanicus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infaunal bivalves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">Clam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_surf_clam" title="Atlantic surf clam">Atlantic surf clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft-shell_clam" title="Soft-shell clam">Soft-shell clam</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mercenaria_mercenaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercenaria mercenaria">Mercenaria mercenaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Austrovenus_stutchburyi" title="Austrovenus stutchburyi">Austrovenus stutchburyi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saxidomus_nuttalli" title="Saxidomus nuttalli">Saxidomus nuttalli</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arctica_islandica" title="Arctica islandica">Arctica islandica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)" title="Cockle (bivalve)">Cockle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoduck" title="Geoduck">Geoduck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spisula_solidissima" class="mw-redirect" title="Spisula solidissima">Spisula solidissima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paphies_ventricosa" title="Paphies ventricosa">Paphies ventricosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paphies_australis" title="Paphies australis">Paphies australis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuatua" title="Tuatua">Tuatua</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruditapes_largillierti" title="Ruditapes largillierti">Ruditapes largillierti</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_carpet_shell" title="Grooved carpet shell">Grooved carpet shell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sessile bivalves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_oyster" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl oyster">Pearl oyster</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinctada_maxima" title="Pinctada maxima">Pinctada maxima</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freshwater bivalves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_pearl_mussel" title="Freshwater pearl mussel">Freshwater pearl mussel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cephalopods" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalopods">Cephalopods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttlefish" title="Cuttlefish">Cuttlefish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heliciculture" title="Heliciculture">Heliciculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathering seafood by hand">Gathering by hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam_digging" title="Clam digging">Clam digging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_dredge" class="mw-redirect" title="Scallop dredge">Dredging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oyster farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugeye_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugeye (boat)">Oyster boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl#Pearl_farming" title="Pearl">Pearl farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl diving">Pearl diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ama_divers" class="mw-redirect" title="Ama divers">Ama divers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">Trawling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_fishing_topics_by_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fishing topics by subject">List of fishing topics by subject</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edible_mollusks135" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Edible_molluscs" title="Template:Edible molluscs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Edible_molluscs" title="Template talk:Edible molluscs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Edible_molluscs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Edible molluscs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edible_mollusks135" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Edible mollusks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bivalvia" title="Bivalvia">Bivalves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">Clams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_jackknife_clam" title="Atlantic jackknife clam">Atlantic jackknife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_surf_clam" title="Atlantic surf clam">Atlantic surf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoduck" title="Geoduck">Geoduck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_carpet_shell" title="Grooved carpet shell">Grooved carpet shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_clam" title="Hard clam">Hard clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_clam" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse clam">Horse</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mactra_stultorum" title="Mactra stultorum">Mactra stultorum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mya_truncata" title="Mya truncata">Blunt gaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctica_islandica" title="Arctica islandica">Ocean quahog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_razor_clam" title="Pacific razor clam">Pacific razor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruditapes_largillierti" title="Ruditapes largillierti">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxidomus_nuttalli" title="Saxidomus nuttalli">California butterclam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senilia_senilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Senilia senilis">Senilia senilis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_clam" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth clam">Smooth clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft-shell_clam" title="Soft-shell clam">Soft-shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crassula_aequilatera" title="Crassula aequilatera">Triangle shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuatua" title="Tuatua">Tuatua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venerupis_philippinarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerupis philippinarum">Japanese littleneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razor_shell" title="Razor shell">Razor clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pod_razor" title="Pod razor">Pod razor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ensis" title="Ensis">Ensis</a></i> (razor genus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paphies" title="Paphies">Paphies</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)" title="Cockle (bivalve)">Cockles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_cockle" title="Common cockle">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegillarca_granosa" title="Tegillarca granosa">Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plebidonax_deltoides" title="Plebidonax deltoides">Goolwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrovenus_stutchburyi" title="Austrovenus stutchburyi">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_cockle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney cockle">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinocardium" title="Dinocardium">Giant Atlantic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_mussel" title="Blue mussel">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_mussel" title="Mediterranean mussel">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perna_canaliculus" title="Perna canaliculus">New Zealand green-lipped</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_mussel" title="California mussel">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perna_perna" title="Perna perna">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perna_viridis" title="Perna viridis">Asian/Philippine green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithophaga_lithophaga" title="Lithophaga lithophaga"> Date</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mytilidae" title="Mytilidae">Mytilidae</a> (mussel family)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_oyster" title="Eastern oyster">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrea_lurida" title="Ostrea lurida">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrea_angasi" title="Ostrea angasi">Southern mud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrea_edulis" title="Ostrea edulis">Colchester native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_oyster" title="Pacific oyster">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_oyster" title="Portuguese oyster">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windowpane_oyster" title="Windowpane oyster">Windowpane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_oyster" title="Rock oyster">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_rock_oyster" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney rock oyster">Sydney rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiostrea_chilensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiostrea chilensis"><i>Ostra chilena</i>/Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillardeau_oysters" title="Gillardeau oysters">Gillardeau oysters</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crassostrea" title="Crassostrea">Crassostrea</a></i> ("true oyster" genus)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argopecten_irradians" title="Argopecten irradians">Atlantic bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecten_maximus" title="Pecten maximus">Great/king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecten_novaezelandiae" title="Pecten novaezelandiae">New Zealand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pecten_jacobaeus" title="Pecten jacobaeus">Pecten jacobaeus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argopecten_purpuratus" title="Argopecten purpuratus">Peruvian calico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuhopecten_yessoensis" title="Mizuhopecten yessoensis">Yesso</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Placopecten_magellanicus" title="Placopecten magellanicus">Placopecten magellanicus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastropoda" title="Gastropoda">Gastropods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haliotis_sorenseni" title="Haliotis sorenseni">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliotis_rufescens" title="Haliotis rufescens">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliotis_cracherodii" title="Haliotis cracherodii">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliotis_fulgens" title="Haliotis fulgens">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliotis_corrugata" title="Haliotis corrugata">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliotis_rubra" title="Haliotis rubra">Blacklip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliotis_laevigata" title="Haliotis laevigata">Greenlip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_ormer" title="Green ormer">Green ormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ua" title="Pāua">Pāua</a> (group of four species)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliotis_midae" title="Haliotis midae">South African abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concholepas_concholepas" title="Concholepas concholepas">Chilean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conch" title="Conch">Conches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lobatus_gigas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobatus gigas">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentigo_pipus" title="Lentigo pipus">Elegant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laevistrombus_canarium" title="Laevistrombus canarium">Dog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limpet" title="Limpet">Limpets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellana_exarata" title="Cellana exarata">Black-foot opihi/Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellana_talcosa" title="Cellana talcosa">Turtle/talc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellana_sandwicensis" title="Cellana sandwicensis">Yellow-foot opihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patella_ulyssiponensis" title="Patella ulyssiponensis">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patella_vulgata" title="Patella vulgata">Common European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patella_caerulea" title="Patella caerulea">Rayed Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patella_ferruginea" title="Patella ferruginea">Ribbed Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patella_rustica" title="Patella rustica">Rustic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Littorinidae" title="Littorinidae">Periwinkles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_periwinkle" title="Common periwinkle">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrolittorina_antipodum" title="Austrolittorina antipodum">Banded</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Littorina_sitkana" title="Littorina sitkana">Littorina sitkana</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Whelk" title="Whelk">Whelks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busycotypus_canaliculatus" title="Busycotypus canaliculatus">Channeled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccinum_undatum" title="Buccinum undatum">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelletia_kelletii" title="Kelletia kelletii">Kellet's</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kelletia_lischkei" title="Kelletia lischkei">Kelletia lischkei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knobbed_whelk" title="Knobbed whelk">Knobbed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulguropsis_spirata" title="Fulguropsis spirata">Pear whelk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinistrofulgur_perversum" title="Sinistrofulgur perversum">Lightning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Snail" title="Snail">Other snails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sea_snail" title="Sea snail">Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibola_crenata" title="Amphibola crenata">Mud-flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullacta_exarata" title="Bullacta exarata">Korean mud</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chorus_giganteus" title="Chorus giganteus">Chorus giganteus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melo_melo" title="Melo melo">Bailer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Land_snail" title="Land snail">Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornu_aspersum" title="Cornu aspersum">Cornu aspersum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helix_lucorum" title="Helix lucorum">Helix lucorum</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helix pomatia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_snail" title="Freshwater snail">Freshwater</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_snail" title="Apple snail">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neritidae" title="Neritidae">Nerites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inkfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkfish">Inkfish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuttlefish" title="Cuttlefish">Cuttlefish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sepiella_inermis" title="Sepiella inermis">Spineless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepiadarium_kochi" title="Sepiadarium kochi">Bottletail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">Octopus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_octopus" title="Common octopus">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callistoctopus_macropus" title="Callistoctopus macropus">Atlantic white-spotted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_cyanea" title="Octopus cyanea">Big blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteroctopus_dofleini" class="mw-redirect" title="Enteroctopus dofleini">Pacific giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteroctopus_megalocyathus" class="mw-redirect" title="Enteroctopus megalocyathus">Southern red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimic_octopus" title="Mimic octopus">Mimic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphioctopus_fangsiao" title="Amphioctopus fangsiao">Amphioctopus fangsiao</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nototodarus_sloanii" title="Nototodarus sloanii">New Zealand arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_flying_squid" title="Japanese flying squid">Japanese flying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_squid" title="Humboldt squid">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon_flying_squid" title="Neon flying squid">Neon flying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chiton" title="Chiton">Chitons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiton_magnificus" title="Chiton magnificus">Chiton magnificus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthopleura_echinata" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthopleura echinata">Acanthopleura echinata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthopleura_granulata" title="Acanthopleura granulata">Acanthopleura granulata</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oyster farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliciculture" title="Heliciculture">Land snail farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastropoda#Anatomy" title="Gastropoda">Gastropod anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bivalvia#Anatomy" title="Bivalvia">Bivalve anatomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_molluscs" title="Category:Edible molluscs">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3735" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3735" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Helix pomatia</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245314" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q245314">Q245314</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Helix_pomatia" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Helix pomatia">Helix pomatia</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Helix_pomatia/">Helix_pomatia</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id2981">2981</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=312019">312019</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6LLM4">6LLM4</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/449906">449906</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELXPO">HELXPO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/174">174</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:426188">426188</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/73b27335-1a42-444f-99b8-bfaa7a60d20e">73b27335-1a42-444f-99b8-bfaa7a60d20e</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2294287">2294287</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/61523">61523</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10235747">10235747</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=77907">77907</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/156519">156519</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.115371/">2.115371</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=6536">6536</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/7718/">7718</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=349693">349693</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1000986">1000986</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/68CEFAF1-BD1B-489F-9B81-BBD6E148C565">68CEFAF1-BD1B-489F-9B81-BBD6E148C565</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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