Nanomaterials | An Open Access Journal from MDPI

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<option value="toxins" > Toxins </option> <option value="transplantology" > Transplantology </option> <option value="traumacare" > Trauma Care </option> <option value="higheredu" > Trends in Higher Education </option> <option value="tropicalmed" > Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option> <option value="universe" > Universe </option> <option value="urbansci" > Urban Science </option> <option value="uro" > Uro </option> <option value="vaccines" > Vaccines </option> <option value="vehicles" > Vehicles </option> <option value="venereology" > Venereology </option> <option value="vetsci" > Veterinary Sciences </option> <option value="vibration" > Vibration </option> <option value="virtualworlds" > Virtual Worlds </option> <option value="viruses" > Viruses </option> <option value="vision" > Vision </option> <option value="waste" > Waste </option> <option value="water" > Water </option> <option value="wild" > Wild </option> <option value="wind" > Wind </option> <option 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<div class="content__container"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link show-for-small-only"> <h2 class="no-padding-left no-margin">Journal Description</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="journal__description"> <h1> <em>Nanomaterials</em> </h1> <div class="journal__description__content"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> is an international, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/editorial_process">peer-reviewed</a>, interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal, published semimonthly online by MDPI. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. The <a href="https://www.gecarbon.org">Spanish Carbon Group (GEC)</a> and <a href="http://www.csmnt.org.cn/index.html">The Chinese Society of Micro-Nano Technology (CSMNT)</a> are affiliated with <em>Nanomaterials</em> and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.<br /> <ul> <li><strong><span class="label openaccess"><a title="Open Access" href="https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess">Open Access</a></span></strong>— free for readers, with<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterials/apc"> article processing charges (APC)</a> paid by authors or their institutions.</li> <li><strong>High Visibility:</strong> indexed within <a href="https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21100253674">Scopus</a>, <a href="https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results?issn=2079-4991&hide_exact_match_fl=true&utm_source=mjl&utm_medium=share-by-link&utm_campaign=search-results-share-this-journal">SCIE (Web of Science)</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nanomaterials+%28Basel%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=pubdate">PubMed</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/3130/">PMC</a>, <a href="https://sso.cas.org/as/authorization.oauth2?response_type=code&client_id=scifinder-n&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fscifinder-n.cas.org%2Fpa%2Foidc%2Fcb&state=eyJ6aXAiOiJERUYiLCJhbGciOiJkaXIiLCJlbmMiOiJBMTI4Q0JDLUhTMjU2Iiwia2lkIjoianMiLCJzdWZmaXgiOiJUYWozcGUu">CAPlus / SciFinder</a>, <a href="https://inspec-direct-app.theiet.org/">Inspec</a>, and <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterials/indexing">other databases</a>.</li> <li><strong><strong>Journal Rank: </strong></strong>JCR - Q2 (Chemistry, Multidisciplinary) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Chemical Engineering )</li> <li><strong>Rapid Publication:</strong> manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).</li> <li><strong>Recognition of Reviewers:</strong> reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.</li> <li><strong>Companion journals for <em>Nanomaterials</em> include: <em><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/Nanomanufacturing">Nanomanufacturing</a></em> and <em><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applnano">Applied Nano</a>.</em></strong></li> </ul> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 15px;"> <strong>Impact Factor:</strong> 4.4 (2023); 5-Year Impact Factor: 4.7 (2023) </div> <div> <a href="/journal/nanomaterials/imprint" class="UI_JournalImprintsInfoButton"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">subject</i> Imprint Information </a>    <a href="/journal/nanomaterials/nanomaterials_flyer.pdf" class="UD_JournalFlyer"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">get_app</i> Journal Flyer </a>     <a class="oa-link" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/openaccess"> <i class="material icons spaced-link"></i> Open Access </a>     <strong> ISSN: 2079-4991 </strong> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container content__container--overflow-initial"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link active"> <h2 class="no-padding-left">Latest Articles</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item no-border"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 10 pages, 2725 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1887/pdf?version=1732371322" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Bamboo Kraft Pulp Black Liquor as a Renewable Source of Value-Added Carbon Dots" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1887">Bamboo Kraft Pulp Black Liquor as a Renewable Source of Value-Added Carbon Dots</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiaolong Qiao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shixing Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qiulian Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuanming Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Guangting Han</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haoxi Ben</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wei Jiang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haiguang Zhao</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yan Song</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1887; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231887 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> China is the country with the most abundant bamboo resources in the world. Using bamboo as a raw material for pulping and papermaking can save a lot of wood and protect forests. Bamboo pulping enterprises mostly adopt sulfate processes to produce a large <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1887/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> China is the country with the most abundant bamboo resources in the world. Using bamboo as a raw material for pulping and papermaking can save a lot of wood and protect forests. Bamboo pulping enterprises mostly adopt sulfate processes to produce a large amount of black liquor (BL), which contains monosaccharides, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, pectin, lignin, etc. The utilization of the high-value organic matter is of great economic and environmental significance. In this study, blue-green carbon dots (C-dots) were prepared from bamboo (<i>Lingnania chungii</i>) kraft pulp BL using a hydrothermal method. The changes in carbohydrate content in BL in relation to hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time were discussed in detail. Then, a series of characterizations of BL-C-dots, prepared under one of the hydrothermal conditions (180 °C, 6 h), were performed and the BL-C-dots showed an excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and a quantum yield (QY) of 2.9% in an aqueous solution. Finally, the as-prepared BL-C-dots were successfully used as fluorescent materials to develop an anti-counterfeiting code. The fluorescent code exhibited a clear outline, an excitation-tunable color, good stability, and high security, showing great anti-counterfeiting potential and realizing the high-value utilization of BL. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1887">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/nanomaterials/sections/nanofabrication_nanomanufacturing">Nanofabrication and Nanomanufacturing</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extending-content content-ready"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 18 pages, 5428 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1886/pdf?version=1732359191" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="C/Ni/N Nanocomposites Based on Hydrolysis Lignin: Synthesis, Study of Structural and Magnetic Properties" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1886">C/Ni/N Nanocomposites Based on Hydrolysis Lignin: Synthesis, Study of Structural and Magnetic Properties</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ihor Bordun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dariusz Calus</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ewelina Szymczykiewicz</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Myroslav Malovanyy</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nazar Nahurskyi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anatoliy Borysiuk</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuriy Kulyk</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1886; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231886 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> A two-step method for the synthesis of C/Ni/N nanocomposites based on hydrolysis lignin from wood chemical processing waste is proposed. These nanocomposites were found to have a well-developed porous structure with a wide pore size distribution. It was shown that doping hydrolysis lignin <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1886/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> A two-step method for the synthesis of C/Ni/N nanocomposites based on hydrolysis lignin from wood chemical processing waste is proposed. These nanocomposites were found to have a well-developed porous structure with a wide pore size distribution. It was shown that doping hydrolysis lignin with urea-derived nitrogen leads to the appearance of ferromagnetic behavior in the carbon material. When nickel chloride was added during pyrolysis, the magnetic behavior of the C/Ni/N composite was provided by superparamagnetic Ni particles less than 30 nm in size and the magnetism of the carbon matrix. The addition of urea during the synthesis of the nanocomposite further promotes better integration of nickel into the carbon structure. According to the results of magnetic studies, the nickel content in the C/Ni/N nanocomposite was 19 wt.% compared to 15 wt.% in the C/Ni nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was demonstrated to have no residual magnetization, so its particles do not agglomerate after the external magnetic field is removed. Due to this property and the well-developed porous structure, C/Ni/N composites have the potential to be used as catalysts, active electrode materials for autonomous energy sources, and in environmental technologies as magnetically sensitive adsorbents. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1886">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Collection <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/topical_collections/magnetic_nanostructured_materials ">Magnetic Nanostructured Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Cutting-Edge Applications</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1886/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527927"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527927"><i class="fa 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2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g002b-550.jpg?1732359370'><p>Figure 2 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g003-550.jpg?1732359371'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g004-550.jpg?1732359372'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g005-550.jpg?1732359372'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g006-550.jpg?1732359373'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g007-550.jpg?1732359374'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g008-550.jpg?1732359375'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g009-550.jpg?1732359376'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g010-550.jpg?1732359376'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g011-550.jpg?1732359377'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g012-550.jpg?1732359377'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1527927-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g013-550.jpg?1732359378'><p>Figure 13</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527927-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g001-550.jpg?1732359361" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>General scheme for the synthesis of nanocomposites C/Ni/N.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g002a-550.jpg?1732359365" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>SEM images and EDX-mapping of the chemical element distribution of C/Ni/N (<b>a</b>), C/Ni (<b>b</b>) and C/N (<b>c</b>) samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g002b-550.jpg?1732359370" title=" <strong>Figure 2 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>SEM images and EDX-mapping of the chemical element distribution of C/Ni/N (<b>a</b>), C/Ni (<b>b</b>) and C/N (<b>c</b>) samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g003-550.jpg?1732359371" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>X-ray diffraction patterns of the synthesized nanocomposites C/Ni/N (<b>a</b>), C/Ni (<b>b</b>), and C/N (<b>c</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g004-550.jpg?1732359372" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>SAXS spectra of synthesized nanocomposites C/Ni/N (<b>a</b>), C/Ni (<b>b</b>) and C/N (<b>c</b>) (points—experimental data, solid line—smoothed curve).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g005-550.jpg?1732359372" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>SAXS curves plotted in Porod coordinates <span class="html-italic">s</span><sup>4</sup><span class="html-italic">·I(s) = f(s</span><sup>4</sup><span class="html-italic">)</span> for C/Ni (<b>a</b>) and C/N (<b>b</b>) samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g006-550.jpg?1732359373" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Volume distribution functions of effective pore diameters for C/Ni/N (<b>a</b>), C/Ni (<b>b</b>) and C/N (<b>c</b>) samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g007-550.jpg?1732359374" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms for the C/Ni/N (<b>a</b>), C/Ni (<b>b</b>) and C/N (<b>c</b>) samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g008-550.jpg?1732359375" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Pore size distribution for C/Ni/N (<b>a</b>), C/Ni (<b>b</b>) and C/N (<b>c</b>) samples calculated by the BJH method.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g009-550.jpg?1732359376" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of pores by size for C/Ni/N (<b>a</b>), C/Ni (<b>b</b>), and C/N (<b>c</b>) samples calculated by the MP method.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g010-550.jpg?1732359376" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Remagnetization curve of C/Ni/N nanocomposite. The inset shows a larger scale graph.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g011-550.jpg?1732359377" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Magnetic moment hysteresis curve of the C/Ni nanocomposite. The inset shows a larger scale graph.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g012-550.jpg?1732359377" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Temperature dependence of the saturation specific magnetization for C/Ni/N (<b>a</b>), C/Ni (<b>b</b>) and C/N (<b>c</b>) samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01886/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01886-g013-550.jpg?1732359378" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Temperature dependences of the saturation specific magnetization: 1 of C/Ni/N composite, 2, 3—model temperature dependences for Ni nanoparticles and nitrogen-containing carbon C/N, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1886'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 27 pages, 5768 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1885/pdf?version=1732354674" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Biomaterial Promotes Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Health Diagnostics and Clinical Application" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1885">Biomaterial Promotes Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Health Diagnostics and Clinical Application</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qiliang Zhu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Enqi Sun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuchen Sun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xia Cao</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ning Wang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1885; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231885 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> With the growing demand for personalized healthcare services, biomaterial-based triboelectric nanogenerators (BM-TENGs) have gained widespread attention due to their non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This review systematically examines the working principles, material choices, biomimetic designs, and clinical application scenarios of BM-TENGs, with a focus <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1885/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> With the growing demand for personalized healthcare services, biomaterial-based triboelectric nanogenerators (BM-TENGs) have gained widespread attention due to their non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This review systematically examines the working principles, material choices, biomimetic designs, and clinical application scenarios of BM-TENGs, with a focus on the use of natural biomaterials, biocomposites, hydrogels, and other materials in health diagnostics. Biomaterials show significant potential in enhancing TENG performance, improving device flexibility, and expanding application ranges, especially in early disease detection, health monitoring, and self-powered sensing devices. This paper also addresses the current challenges faced by BM-TENG technology, including performance optimization, biocompatibility, and device durability. By integrating existing research and technological advancements, this review aims to deeply analyze the development of BM-TENG technology, propose corresponding solutions, and explore its practical application prospects in the medical field. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1885">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1885/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527817"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527817"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527817" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527817" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527817" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g001-550.jpg?1732354788" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527817" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g002-550.jpg?1732354789'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g003-550.jpg?1732354792'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g004-550.jpg?1732354794'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g005-550.jpg?1732354798'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g006-550.jpg?1732354799'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g007-550.jpg?1732354802'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527817-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g001-550.jpg?1732354788" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Recent progress of TENG based on biomaterials including biomaterials like silk; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B53-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">53</a>]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier; rice gluten and its application as blood vessel and sweat monitoring; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B54-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">54</a>]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier; Cellulose; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B55-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">55</a>]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier; Bionic tentacle; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B56-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">56</a>]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier; Air permeability; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B57-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">57</a>]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier; Self-healing; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B58-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">58</a>]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; Stretchability; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B59-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">59</a>]. Copyright 2021, Wiley Online Library; Real-time monitoring of Parkinson’s disease; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B60-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">60</a>]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; Cardiac diagnosis; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B61-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">61</a>]. Copyright 2023, ACS Publications; Pulse diagnosis; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B62-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">62</a>]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier; Exercise Monitoring; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B63-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">63</a>]. Copyright 2022, ACS Publications; In vivo monitoring; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B64-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">64</a>]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier; Breath monitoring; reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B65-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">65</a>]. Copyright 2020, ACS Publications.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1885'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g002-550.jpg?1732354789" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>The four primary working modes of TENG are (<b>a</b>) vertical contact–separation mode, (<b>b</b>) lateral-sliding mode, (<b>c</b>) single-electrode mode, and (<b>d</b>) freestanding triboelectric-layer mode.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1885'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g003-550.jpg?1732354792" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Structure of HM-TENG: the upper part represents the simulation and SEM of L-cystine and the original nylon 6; the lower part represents the power density of the HM-TENG at different external resistances, with the charge curve of different capacitors. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B90-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">90</a>]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (<b>b</b>) Structure and output of nano-gap TENG: right shows its output current density and the voltage signal used to monitor the pulse. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B91-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">91</a>]. Copyright 2020, ACS Publications. (<b>c</b>) Structure design of SNR-TENG and its application in medical monitoring. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B64-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">64</a>]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (<b>d</b>) Top shows the preparation process of HA, middle shows the results of the cell viability assay of MC3T3-E1 after being treated with HA membrane for 24 h, and bottom shows the triboelectric outputs of the TENG based on HA and PTFE films under various external resistances. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B92-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">92</a>]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1885'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g004-550.jpg?1732354794" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Source of wood fiber and schematic diagram of the TENG device based on wood fiber substrate. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B55-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">55</a>]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (<b>b</b>) Rice gluten films were prepared by the traditional method using NaOH (as shown in the upper diagram) and then fabricated into biocompatible and environmentally friendly triboelectric materials according to structural engineering (as shown in the lower diagram). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B54-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">54</a>]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (<b>c</b>) Preparation of CS–glycerin composite film, its output performance as a TENG, and its application in medical health. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B62-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">62</a>]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (<b>d</b>) Schematic of the structure of the PVA/SF-based TENG. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B53-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">53</a>]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (<b>e</b>) Schematic of the MoS2-based TENG patch for accelerating wound healing. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B96-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">96</a>]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (<b>f</b>) Schematic of the GAH-TES for sweat monitoring. TENG voltage response when detecting 0–500 μM glucose in artificial sweat and calibration curve for repeated glucose detection. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B97-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">97</a>]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (<b>g</b>) Schematic diagrams of the structure of CZL hydrogel, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), pulse monitoring, and energy harvesting. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B56-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">56</a>]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1885'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g005-550.jpg?1732354798" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic diagrams of the manufacturing process of DF-CNF-based TENG and the self-powered biocompatible smart mask for human respiratory sensing and health monitoring. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B65-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">65</a>]. Copyright 2020, ACS Publications. (<b>b</b>) AF-TENG fabricated mask for patient respiratory detection via Wi-Fi and LoRa. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B103-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">103</a>]. Copyright 2023, ACS Publications. (<b>c</b>) Left shows the structure of SF@MXene-TENG and right shows the air permeability of common textile materials and SF@MXene-TENG as well as their corresponding error bars. Structure of SF@MXene-TENG mask fabricated for diagnosing asthma symptoms. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B104-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">104</a>]. Copyright 2023, ACS Publications. (<b>d</b>) SF/CNF scaffold for cardiac motion energy and iPSCs images captured over 14 days. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B61-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">61</a>]. Copyright 2023, ACS Publications. (<b>e</b>) Manufacturing process and structure of NFM-TENG and respiratory monitoring. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B105-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">105</a>]. Copyright 2019, ACS Publications.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1885'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g006-550.jpg?1732354799" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic diagram of WPHM connected to the human body via arc-shaped CS-TENG and its wireless monitoring application. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B108-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">108</a>]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (<b>b</b>) Concept and structural schematic of OFS-TENG implanted in the human body. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B63-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">63</a>]. Copyright 2022, ACS Publications. (<b>c</b>) Structural schematic of CCDHG-TENG and real-time monitoring of typical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B60-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">60</a>]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. (<b>d</b>) Self-powered strain sensor based on GO-PAM hydrogel for monitoring human motion. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B109-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">109</a>]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1885'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01885/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01885-g007-550.jpg?1732354802" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic diagrams of the structure of the PLA-TENG self-powered sensor system and the current signals obtained by monitoring the concentration of bacteria. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B110-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">110</a>]. Copyright 2023, ACS Publications. (<b>b</b>) CNT-Arg-based TENG measures Gram-positive bacteria through voltage measurement. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B111-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">111</a>]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (<b>c</b>) Top shows the structure of TENG and the surface morphology of Ti orthopedic implants after anodization. Bottom shows the mechanism of action in the antibacterial and osteogenesis-promoting surfaces of the TENG. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B112-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">112</a>]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (<b>d</b>) Left shows the structure and working principle of P-TENG and its function as an antibacterial pressure sensor for monitoring human motions; right shows the preparation process of ZnO@paper. Schematic of antimicrobial pressure sensor based on P-TENG for monitoring human motion. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B113-nanomaterials-14-01885" class="html-bibr">113</a>]. Copyright 2021, MDPI.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1885'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527923" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527923" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527923" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1884/s1?version=1732358791"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 3216 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 18 pages, 4875 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1884/pdf?version=1732358790" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="High-Performance Memristive Synapse Based on Space-Charge-Limited Conduction in LiNbO3" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1884">High-Performance Memristive Synapse Based on Space-Charge-Limited Conduction in LiNbO<sub>3</sub></a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Youngmin Lee</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sejoon Lee</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1884; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231884 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Advancing neuromorphic computing technology requires the development of versatile synaptic devices. In this study, we fabricated a high-performance Al/LiNbO<sub>3</sub>/Pt memristive synapse and emulated various synaptic functions using its primary key operating mechanism, known as oxygen vacancy-mediated valence charge migration (V<sub>O</sub> <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1884/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Advancing neuromorphic computing technology requires the development of versatile synaptic devices. In this study, we fabricated a high-performance Al/LiNbO<sub>3</sub>/Pt memristive synapse and emulated various synaptic functions using its primary key operating mechanism, known as oxygen vacancy-mediated valence charge migration (V<sub>O</sub>-VCM). The voltage-controlled V<sub>O</sub>-VCM induced space-charge-limited conduction and self-rectifying asymmetric hysteresis behaviors. Moreover, the device exhibited voltage pulse-tunable multi-state memory characteristics because the degree of V<sub>O</sub>-VCM was dependent on the applied pulse parameters (e.g., polarity, amplitude, width, and interval). As a result, synaptic functions such as short-term memory, dynamic range-tunable long-term memory, and spike time-dependent synaptic plasticity were successfully demonstrated by modulating those pulse parameters. Additionally, simulation studies on hand-written image pattern recognition confirmed that the present device performed with high accuracy, reaching up to 95.2%. The findings suggest that the V<sub>O</sub>-VCM-based Al/LiNbO<sub>3</sub>/Pt memristive synapse holds significant promise as a brain-inspired neuromorphic device. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1884">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/nanomaterials/sections/nanoelectronics_nanosensors_devices">Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527647" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527647" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527647" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1883/s1?version=1732349022"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 1038 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 22 pages, 6102 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1883/pdf?version=1732349022" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1883">Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Boris Krichevtsov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexander Korovin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vladimir Fedorov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sergey Suturin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Aleksandr A. Levin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andrey Telegin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elena Balashova</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nikolai Sokolov</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1883; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231883 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Thin (~50 nm thick) BaM hexaferrite (BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>) films were grown on (1–102) and (0001) cut α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (sapphire) substrates via laser molecular beam epitaxy using a one- or two-stage growth protocol. The advantages of a two-stage protocol <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1883/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Thin (~50 nm thick) BaM hexaferrite (BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>) films were grown on (1–102) and (0001) cut α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (sapphire) substrates via laser molecular beam epitaxy using a one- or two-stage growth protocol. The advantages of a two-stage protocol are shown. The surface morphology, structural and magnetic properties of films were studied using atomic force microscopy, reflected high-energy electron diffraction, three-dimensional X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping, powder X-ray diffraction, magneto-optical, and magnetometric methods. Annealed BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1–102) structures consist of close-packed islands epitaxially bonded to the substrate. The hexagonal crystallographic axis and the easy axis (EA) of the magnetization of the films are deflected from the normal to the film by an angle of <i>φ</i>~60°. The films exhibit magnetic hysteresis loops for both in-plane <b>H</b><sub>in-plane</sub> and out-of-plane <b>H</b><sub>out-of-plane</sub> magnetic fields. The shape of <i>M</i><sub>out-of-plane</sub>(<i>H</i><sub>in-plane</sub>) and <i>M</i><sub>in-plane</sub>(<i>H</i><sub>in-plane</sub>) hysteresis loops strongly depends on the azimuth <i>θ</i> of the <b>H</b><sub>in plane</sub>, confirming the tilted orientation of the EA. The <i>M</i><sub>out-of-plane</sub>(<i>H</i><sub>out-of-plane</sub>) magnetization curves are caused by the reversible rotation of magnetization and irreversible magnetization jumps associated with the appearance and motion of domain walls. In the absence of a magnetic field, the magnetization is oriented at an angle close to <i>φ</i>. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1883">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/4CFNZPO793 ">Magnetization and Magnetic Disorder at the Nanoscale</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1883/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527647"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527647"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527647" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527647" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527647" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g001-550.jpg?1732349185" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527647" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g002-550.jpg?1732349187'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g003-550.jpg?1732349188'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g004a-550.jpg?1732349190'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g004b-550.jpg?1732349192'><p>Figure 4 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g005-550.jpg?1732349194'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g006a-550.jpg?1732349197'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g006b-550.jpg?1732349199'><p>Figure 6 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g007-550.jpg?1732349203'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g008-550.jpg?1732349206'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527647-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g009-550.jpg?1732349207'><p>Figure 9</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527647-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g001-550.jpg?1732349185" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) AFM images of annealed sample #1 (BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1–102) at different scales.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g002-550.jpg?1732349187" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Cross-section of 3D RHEED of a sample #1 grown on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1–102) (<b>a</b>) before and (<b>b</b>) after annealing at 1000 °C. The 3D RHEED projections onto a plane are presented, in which the horizontal axes of (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) are parallel to the [−2–241]<sub>BaM</sub> direction, and the vertical axes are parallel to [11–24]<sub>BaM</sub>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g003-550.jpg?1732349188" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>XRD patterns of the BaM film prepared on an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1–102) substrate (sample #1) and a virgin substrate on a logarithmic scale. The Miller-Bravais indices <span class="html-italic">hkil</span> are indicated for the observed reflections of the hexagonal BaM phase of the film and for reflections of the rhombohedral (in a hexagonal setting) α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase of the substrate. The symbol <span class="html-italic">K<sub>ß</sub></span> marks reflections arising from residual Cu-<span class="html-italic">K<sub>ß</sub></span> radiation. The observed BaM reflections are shown by triangle symbols at the Bragg angles according to the PDF-2 card 01-075-9113. The space group of the BaM phase is indicated in the figure.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g004a-550.jpg?1732349190" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Three cross-sections of reciprocal space taken by XRD from sample #1 for different crystallographic substrate orientations: (<b>a</b>) a[11–20], (<b>b</b>) m[1–100], and (<b>c</b>) r[1–102], where a, m, and r are the normals to A-, M-, and R-cuts of the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> substrate. Red circles are model positions for reflections from the BaM hexaferrite lattice. Blue circles correspond to the model positions for reflections from the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> substrate. White spots are observed XRD reflections from the substrate and BaM hexaferrite film. Yellow arrows in (<b>a</b>) indicate rotation of 1.2° around m [1–100] axis of BaM. The origin of coordinates on (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) is indicated by a circle with a dot in the center and marked with the number 0. (<b>d</b>) Schematic representation of substrate and film orientations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g004b-550.jpg?1732349192" title=" <strong>Figure 4 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Three cross-sections of reciprocal space taken by XRD from sample #1 for different crystallographic substrate orientations: (<b>a</b>) a[11–20], (<b>b</b>) m[1–100], and (<b>c</b>) r[1–102], where a, m, and r are the normals to A-, M-, and R-cuts of the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> substrate. Red circles are model positions for reflections from the BaM hexaferrite lattice. Blue circles correspond to the model positions for reflections from the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> substrate. White spots are observed XRD reflections from the substrate and BaM hexaferrite film. Yellow arrows in (<b>a</b>) indicate rotation of 1.2° around m [1–100] axis of BaM. The origin of coordinates on (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) is indicated by a circle with a dot in the center and marked with the number 0. (<b>d</b>) Schematic representation of substrate and film orientations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g005-550.jpg?1732349194" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) PMOKE hysteresis loop in sample #1 for different maximal values of out-of-plane magnetic field (<span class="html-italic">H</span><sup>m</sup><sub>out-of-plane</sub> = 7 kOe (red hollow triangles), 12 kOe (blue half-colored squares), and 17 kOe (green solid circles)). (<b>b</b>) Comparison of the experimental loop (red hollow circles) and that (blue solid line) calculated using the Stoner–Wohlfarth model for the values 4<span class="html-italic">πM</span><sub>s</sub> = 4.5 kG, <span class="html-italic">H</span><sub>a</sub> = 18 kOe, <span class="html-italic">φ</span> = 62°. (<b>c</b>) Magnetization curve <span class="html-italic">M</span>(<span class="html-italic">H</span>) measured using VSM after subtracting the linear part in <span class="html-italic">H</span> that appears in high fields caused by substrate magnetic susceptibility and film magnetization rotation. Lines connecting the symbols in (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) are guides for the eye.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g006a-550.jpg?1732349197" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Sample #1. (<b>a</b>) Hysteresis PMOKE loops for various in-plane magnetic field <b>H</b><sub>in-plane</sub> orientations (red, blue, and black solid squares). Azimuths <span class="html-italic">θ</span> of in-plane magnetic field for the corresponding hysteresis loops are shown by arrows. Left and right insets in the top of (<b>a</b>) show mutual orientation of EA and magnetic field for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 0° and 90°. Blue (for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 38°, 83°, 292°, and 340°) and red (for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 132°, 174°, 220°, and 255°) symbols correspond to different sign of scalar product <b>uH,</b> where <b>u</b> is unit vector along EA. Black symbols (for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 87°) correspond to the orthogonal mutual orientation of <b>u</b> and <b>H</b>. Angular dependence of (<b>b</b>) the coercive field <span class="html-italic">H</span><sub>c</sub> and (<b>c</b>) the remnant value of PMOKE. Symbols (red half-colored circles) represent the experimental points. Lines connecting the symbols in the PMOKE loops in (<b>a</b>) and blue solid lines in (<b>b</b>) (thick line) and (<b>c</b>) (fine line) are provided as a guide for the eye.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g006b-550.jpg?1732349199" title=" <strong>Figure 6 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Sample #1. (<b>a</b>) Hysteresis PMOKE loops for various in-plane magnetic field <b>H</b><sub>in-plane</sub> orientations (red, blue, and black solid squares). Azimuths <span class="html-italic">θ</span> of in-plane magnetic field for the corresponding hysteresis loops are shown by arrows. Left and right insets in the top of (<b>a</b>) show mutual orientation of EA and magnetic field for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 0° and 90°. Blue (for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 38°, 83°, 292°, and 340°) and red (for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 132°, 174°, 220°, and 255°) symbols correspond to different sign of scalar product <b>uH,</b> where <b>u</b> is unit vector along EA. Black symbols (for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 87°) correspond to the orthogonal mutual orientation of <b>u</b> and <b>H</b>. Angular dependence of (<b>b</b>) the coercive field <span class="html-italic">H</span><sub>c</sub> and (<b>c</b>) the remnant value of PMOKE. Symbols (red half-colored circles) represent the experimental points. Lines connecting the symbols in the PMOKE loops in (<b>a</b>) and blue solid lines in (<b>b</b>) (thick line) and (<b>c</b>) (fine line) are provided as a guide for the eye.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g007-550.jpg?1732349203" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Hysteresis loops in sample #1 measured by using VSM for various azimuths <span class="html-italic">θ</span> of in-plane magnetic field <b>H</b><sub>in-plane</sub> (red, blue, and black solid squares). The loops were obtained after subtracting the linear part in <span class="html-italic">H</span>, which appears in high fields and is caused mainly by the substrate magnetization. Blue (for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 0°, 30°, 60°, 300°, and 360°) and red (for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 120°, 150°, 180°, 210°, and 240°) symbols in (<b>a</b>) correspond to different sign of scalar product <b>uH</b>. Black symbols (for <span class="html-italic">θ</span> = 90° and 270°) correspond to orthogonal mutual orientation of <b>u</b> and <b>H</b>. Angular dependence of (<b>b</b>) the coercive field <span class="html-italic">H</span><sub>c</sub> and (<b>c</b>) the remnant magnetization <span class="html-italic">M</span><sub>rem</sub>. The experimental points in (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) are shown by red half-colored circles. Lines connecting the symbols in the PMOKE loops in (<b>a</b>) and thick blue solid lines in (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) are provided as a guide for the eye.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g008-550.jpg?1732349206" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>PMOKE hysteresis loop (<b>a</b>) in sample #2 after annealing (first stage of protocol) and (<b>b</b>) in sample #3 (second stage). Blue solid and green dashed lines in panel (<b>b</b>) show the decomposition of the loop into two loops. (<b>c</b>) Magnetization curve of sample #3 measured by using VSM. Red solid circles in (<b>a</b>) and red half-colored circles in (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) are experimental points. Lines connecting the symbols in (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) are a guide for the eye.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01883/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01883-g009-550.jpg?1732349207" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>PMOKE hysteresis loop (<b>a</b>) in sample #4 (first stage of protocol) and (<b>b</b>) in sample #5 (second stage). Red (hollow circles) and blue (solid circles) symbols in (<b>b</b>) correspond to experimental points obtained using various maximal values of magnetic field. Lines connecting the symbols in (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) are a guide for the eye.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1883'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527584" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527584" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527584" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1882/s1?version=1732342104"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 2243 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 6145 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1882/pdf?version=1732342103" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Carbonized Apples and Quinces Stillage for Electromagnetic Shielding" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1882">Carbonized Apples and Quinces Stillage for Electromagnetic Shielding</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mila Milenkovic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Warda Saeed</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Muhammad Yasir</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dusan Milivojevic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ali Azmy</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kamal E. S. Nassar</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zois Syrgiannis</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ioannis Spanopoulos</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Danica Bajuk-Bogdanovic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Snežana Maletić</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Djurdja Kerkez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tanja Barudžija</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Svetlana Jovanović</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1882; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231882 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Electromagnetic waves (EMWs) have become an integral part of our daily lives, but they are causing a new form of environmental pollution, manifesting as electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency signal leakage. As a result, the demand for innovative, eco-friendly materials capable of <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1882/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Electromagnetic waves (EMWs) have become an integral part of our daily lives, but they are causing a new form of environmental pollution, manifesting as electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency signal leakage. As a result, the demand for innovative, eco-friendly materials capable of blocking EMWs has escalated in the past decade, underscoring the significance of our research. In the realm of modern science, the creation of new materials must consider the starting materials, production costs, energy usage, and the potential for air, water, and soil pollution. Herein, we utilized biowaste materials generated during the distillation of fruit schnapps. The biowaste from apple and quince schnapps distillation was used as starting material, mixed with KOH, and carbonized at 850 °C, in a nitrogen atmosphere. The structure of samples was investigated using various techniques (infrared, Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, BET surface area analyzer). Encouragingly, these materials demonstrated the ability to block EMWs within a frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz. Shielding efficiency was measured using waveguide adapters connected to ports (1 and 2) of the vector network analyzer using radio-frequency coaxial cables. At a frequency of 10 GHz, carbonized biowaste blocks 78.5% of the incident electromagnetic wave. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1882">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/nanomaterials/sections/2D_carbon_nanomaterials">2D and Carbon Nanomaterials</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1882/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527584"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527584"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527584" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527584" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527584" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g001-550.jpg?1732342232" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527584" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g002-550.jpg?1732342234'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g003-550.jpg?1732342236'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g004-550.jpg?1732342238'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g005-550.jpg?1732342238'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g006-550.jpg?1732342239'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g007-550.jpg?1732342241'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g008-550.jpg?1732342242'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g009-550.jpg?1732342242'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g010-550.jpg?1732342244'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527584-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-sch001-550.jpg?1732342245'><p>Scheme 1</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527584-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g001-550.jpg?1732342232" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Prepared films of BA (<b>a</b>) and BQ (<b>b</b>) samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g002-550.jpg?1732342234" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>SEM images and associated EDS spectra of BA (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) and BQ (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>), respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g003-550.jpg?1732342236" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>SEM–EDS maps of BA (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) and BQ (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) for C, O, Si, Ca, and Mg.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g004-550.jpg?1732342238" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>FTIR (<b>a</b>) and Raman (<b>b</b>) spectra of BA (black curve) and BQ (red curve).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g005-550.jpg?1732342238" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>TGA curves (<b>a</b>) and XRD patterns (<b>b</b>) of BA (black) and BQ (red).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g006-550.jpg?1732342239" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of XPS survey spectra for BA and BQ.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g007-550.jpg?1732342241" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>High-resolution spectra of C 1s, and O 1s regions for BA (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) and BQ (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g008-550.jpg?1732342242" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms of BA (<b>a</b>) and BQ (<b>b</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g009-550.jpg?1732342242" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Transmission coefficient plots for BA (<b>a</b>) and BQ (<b>b</b>) samples measured in frequency range from 8 to 12 GHz.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-g010-550.jpg?1732342244" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>EMI performance of BA (<b>a</b>) and BQ (<b>b</b>): SE<sub>R</sub>, SE<sub>A,</sub> and SE<sub>T</sub>, in the frequency range 8–12 GHz.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01882/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01882-sch001-550.jpg?1732342245" title=" <strong>Scheme 1</strong><br/> <p>Schematic illustration of EMW shielding activity of BA or BQ samples: incident wave was partially reflected, absorbed, and transmitted.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1882'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 28 pages, 7136 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1881/pdf?version=1732290821" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Advances, Challenges, and Applications of Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Engineering Ceramics" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1881">Advances, Challenges, and Applications of Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Engineering Ceramics</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alaa Almansoori</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Katalin Balázsi</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Csaba Balázsi</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1881; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231881">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231881</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Engineering ceramics and their composites are widely used owing to their excellent properties, including high wear, corrosion and heat resistance, low friction coefficient, and low thermal conductivity; thus, the current paper presents a comprehensive review of the most common types of engineering ceramics, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1881/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Engineering ceramics and their composites are widely used owing to their excellent properties, including high wear, corrosion and heat resistance, low friction coefficient, and low thermal conductivity; thus, the current paper presents a comprehensive review of the most common types of engineering ceramics, demonstrating their key properties, advantages, potential applications, and challenges. This paper also provides prevailing methods for tackling the engineering ceramic challenges and maximizing their applicability. This review paper focuses on alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), silicon carbide (SiC), zirconia (ZrO<sub>2</sub>), aluminum nitride (AlN), and silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>), and explores their usability in automotive, aerospace, and tribological applications. Additionally, the incorporation of reinforcing nanomaterials, i.e., graphene and carbon nanotubes or their combination with second-phase reinforcing nanomaterials in these types of ceramics to improve their physico-mechanical properties is also discussed. By strategically adding these reinforcing materials, the brittleness of ceramics can be mitigated, leading to materials that are more suitable for demanding applications in various high-performance industries. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1881">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/52U2MW2O08 ">Advances in Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties, and Cutting-Edge Applications</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 20 pages, 8068 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1880/pdf?version=1732291002" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Preparation and Performance Study of Composite Aramid Paper for High-Frequency Working Conditions" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1880">Preparation and Performance Study of Composite Aramid Paper for High-Frequency Working Conditions</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiaonan Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tong Qin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wenxu Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hong Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yanhong Chen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kangle Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qing Wang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yibo Wang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1880; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231880">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231880</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> When the power converter connects to the high-frequency transformer breaks through the bottleneck and reaches a frequency of 100 kHz or even higher, the high-frequency transformer’s inter-turn insulation faces more serious high-frequency discharge and high-temperature problems. In order to improve the service performance <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1880/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> When the power converter connects to the high-frequency transformer breaks through the bottleneck and reaches a frequency of 100 kHz or even higher, the high-frequency transformer’s inter-turn insulation faces more serious high-frequency discharge and high-temperature problems. In order to improve the service performance of oil-immersed high-frequency transformer insulation paper, composite K-BNNS particles are prepared by ultrasonic stripping, heat treatment, and thermomagnetic stirring. Then, K-BNNS particles are mixed with PMIA (polymeric m-phenylenediamine solution) slurry to produce composite aramid paper. And the effects of K-BNNS particles with different contents on the thermal conductivity, dielectric properties, partial discharge properties, and mechanical properties of aramid paper are explored. It can be found that, when the addition of composite particles (K-BNNS) is 10%, the comprehensive performance of composite aramid paper is the best. Compared with Nomex paper, the in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity of composite insulating paper F-10 increased by 668.33% and 760.66%, respectively. Moreover, the high-frequency breakdown voltage increased by 48.73% and the tensile strength increased by 2.49%. The main reason is that the composite particles form a complete thermal conductive network in the aramid paper matrix and a large number of hydrogen bonds with the matrix, which enhances the internal interface bonding force of the material and changes the charge transport mechanism. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1880">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/237TH335FG ">Functional Polymer and Ceramic Nanocomposites</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1880/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527464"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527464"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527464" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527464" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527464" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g001-550.jpg?1732291065" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527464" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g002-550.jpg?1732291066'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' 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src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g006-550.jpg?1732291071'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g007-550.jpg?1732291072'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g008-550.jpg?1732291072'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g009-550.jpg?1732291073'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g010-550.jpg?1732291074'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g011-550.jpg?1732291075'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g012-550.jpg?1732291075'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g013-550.jpg?1732291076'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g014-550.jpg?1732291076'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g015a-550.jpg?1732291079'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g015b-550.jpg?1732291081'><p>Figure 15 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g016-550.jpg?1732291082'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g017-550.jpg?1732291083'><p>Figure 17</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g018-550.jpg?1732291084'><p>Figure 18</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g019a-550.jpg?1732291086'><p>Figure 19</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='20' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g019b-550.jpg?1732291087'><p>Figure 19 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='21' data-target='article-1527464-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g020-550.jpg?1732291087'><p>Figure 20</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527464-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g001-550.jpg?1732291065" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Flow chart of the preparation of composite aramid paper.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g002-550.jpg?1732291066" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>FTIR spectra of different samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g003-550.jpg?1732291066" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>XRD spectra of BN, BNNS, BNNS-OH, and K-BNNS.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g004-550.jpg?1732291068" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) are TEM patterns of BN and BNNS; (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) are electron diffraction patterns of BN and BNNS.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g005-550.jpg?1732291070" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) F-0 surface; (<b>b</b>) F-0 cross-section; (<b>c</b>) F-10 surface; (<b>d</b>) F-10 cross-section; (<b>e</b>) F-10 surface not modified with KH-550; and (<b>f</b>) F-10 cross-section not modified with KH-550.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g006-550.jpg?1732291071" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>EDS analysis of F-10 composite aramid paper selection.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g007-550.jpg?1732291072" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>TGA curves of composite aramid paper with different contents of K-BNNS.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g008-550.jpg?1732291072" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>In-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity of different samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g009-550.jpg?1732291073" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Dielectric constant and dielectric loss for different samples: (<b>a</b>) dielectric constant and (<b>b</b>) dielectric loss.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g010-550.jpg?1732291074" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Typical column-plate model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g011-550.jpg?1732291075" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>The amplitude of PD.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g012-550.jpg?1732291075" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Breakdown voltage of PD in different samples under high-frequency voltages.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g013-550.jpg?1732291076" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Breakdown voltage of PD in different materials [<a href="#B30-nanomaterials-14-01880" class="html-bibr">30</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g014-550.jpg?1732291076" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>The duration of partial discharge voltage resistance of different materials at 20 kHz.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g015a-550.jpg?1732291079" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Space charge curves of different insulation papers under 10 kV/mm field strength.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g015b-550.jpg?1732291081" title=" <strong>Figure 15 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Space charge curves of different insulation papers under 10 kV/mm field strength.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g016-550.jpg?1732291082" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Stress–strain curves for different samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g017-550.jpg?1732291083" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Thermal conduction network evolution.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g018-550.jpg?1732291084" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram of the interface of composite aramid paper.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g019a-550.jpg?1732291086" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>The effect mechanism of KH-550 on partial discharge.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g019b-550.jpg?1732291087" title=" <strong>Figure 19 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>The effect mechanism of KH-550 on partial discharge.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01880/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01880-g020-550.jpg?1732291087" title=" <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/> <p>Charge transport mechanism.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1880'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 31 pages, 913 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1879/pdf?version=1732282731" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Versatile Porphyrin Arrangements for Photodynamic Therapy—A Review" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1879">Versatile Porphyrin Arrangements for Photodynamic Therapy—A Review</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Arleta Glowacka-Sobotta</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Daniel Ziental</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marcin Wysocki</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maciej Michalak</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Emre Güzel</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lukasz Sobotta</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1879; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231879">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231879</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Nanotechnology is an emerging field that involves the development of nanoscale particles, their fabrication methods, and potential applications. From nanosized inorganic particles to biopolymers, the variety of nanoparticles is unstoppably growing, offering huge opportunities for drug delivery. Various nanoformulations, such as nanoparticles, nanocomposites, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1879/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Nanotechnology is an emerging field that involves the development of nanoscale particles, their fabrication methods, and potential applications. From nanosized inorganic particles to biopolymers, the variety of nanoparticles is unstoppably growing, offering huge opportunities for drug delivery. Various nanoformulations, such as nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanoemulsions, have been developed to enhance drug stability, solubility, and tissue penetration. Moreover, nanocarriers can be specifically engineered to target diseased cells or release the drug in a controllable manner, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues and reducing side effects. This review focuses on the combinations between porphyrin derivatives and nanocarriers applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT has emerged as a significant advance in medicine, offering a low-invasive method for managing infections, the treatment of tumors, and various dermatoses. The therapy relies on the activation of a photosensitizer by light, which results in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Despite their favorable properties, porphyrins reveal non-specific distribution within the body. Nanotechnology has the capability to enhance the PS delivery and its activation. This review explores the potential improvements that are provided by the use of nanotechnology in the PDT field. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1879">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/9C3AI185P6 ">Laser-Matter Interaction for Nanostructuration: From Fundamentals to Optical, Electrochemical, Magnetic and Electrical Quantum Sensing</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 4502 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1878/pdf?version=1732274053" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Application of Polyvinyl Alcohol–Ethylene Glycol Hydrogel Technology for Removing Animal Glue in Book Restoration Based on Fluorescent Labeling Evaluation" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1878">Application of Polyvinyl Alcohol–Ethylene Glycol Hydrogel Technology for Removing Animal Glue in Book Restoration Based on Fluorescent Labeling Evaluation</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jia Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuting Xu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Canxin Tian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yunjiang Yu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Changwei Zou</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1878; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231878">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231878</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study developed a novel material based on polyvinyl alcohol–ethylene glycol (PVA-EG) hydrogel and systematically evaluated its potential application in the removal of animal glue from book surfaces. The microstructure, surface properties, and mechanical characteristics of the PVA-EG hydrogel were analyzed using X-ray <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1878/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study developed a novel material based on polyvinyl alcohol–ethylene glycol (PVA-EG) hydrogel and systematically evaluated its potential application in the removal of animal glue from book surfaces. The microstructure, surface properties, and mechanical characteristics of the PVA-EG hydrogel were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, a universal testing machine, and a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The introduction of ethylene glycol (EG) could weaken hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA chains to enhance the molecular chain flexibility of the hydrogel. Notably, the 10% PVA-EG hydrogel shows better crystallinity, higher hydrophilicity, and optimal balance between mechanical strength and flexibility compared to pure PVA, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the removal of animal glue. Additionally, the effectiveness of the process of removing animal glue was verified by real-time monitoring using europium nitrate at a concentration of 0.4% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) as a fluorescent marker. Such hydrogels with high mechanical properties, strong surface hydrophilicity, good removal efficiency, and gentle treatment characteristics have potential applications in the restoration of cultural heritage. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1878">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/26E1VVYM3Z ">Design and Applications of Heterogeneous Nanostructured Materials</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1878/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527093"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527093"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527093" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527093" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527093" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527093-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g001-550.jpg?1732274159" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527093" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527093-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g002-550.jpg?1732274160'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527093-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g003-550.jpg?1732274162'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527093-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g004-550.jpg?1732274163'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527093-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g005-550.jpg?1732274164'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527093-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g006-550.jpg?1732274165'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527093-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g007-550.jpg?1732274167'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527093-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g008-550.jpg?1732274168'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527093-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g001-550.jpg?1732274159" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>XRD patterns of PVA-EG hydrogel samples at various concentrations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1878'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g002-550.jpg?1732274160" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>FTIR analysis of PVA-EG hydrogels at different concentrations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1878'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g003-550.jpg?1732274162" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Contact angle measurement results of PVA-EG hydrogel samples at different concentrations: (<b>a</b>) 10% pure PVA hydrogel, (<b>b</b>) 6% PVA-EG hydrogel, (<b>c</b>) 8% PVA-EG hydrogel, (<b>d</b>) 10% PVA-EG hydrogel, (<b>e</b>) 12% PVA-EG hydrogel.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1878'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g004-550.jpg?1732274163" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Stress–strain curves of PVA-EG hydrogels at different concentrations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1878'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g005-550.jpg?1732274164" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Viscoelastic behavior of PVA-EG hydrogels at different concentrations in the temperature range of 30 °C to 50 °C. (<b>a</b>) Loss factor tan δ of PVA-EG hydrogels; (<b>b</b>) Storage modulus E’ of PVA-EG hydrogels.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1878'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g006-550.jpg?1732274165" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Effect of different europium nitrate concentrations on fluorescence intensity of animal glue.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1878'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g007-550.jpg?1732274167" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Removal efficiency of PVA-EG hydrogel on fluorescent-labeled animal glue layers of different thicknesses. (<b>a</b>) Fluorescence intensity changes for the 5 μm glue layer; (<b>b</b>) Fluorescence intensity changes for the 10 μm glue layer; (<b>c</b>) Fluorescence intensity changes for the 20 μm glue layer; (<b>d</b>) Fluorescence intensity changes for the 50 μm glue layer.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1878'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01878/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01878-g008-550.jpg?1732274168" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>The effect of PVA-EG hydrogel on the removal of animal glue from book pages.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1878'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527043" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527043" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527043" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1877/s1?version=1732271507"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 824 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 9 pages, 3395 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1877/pdf?version=1732271506" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Syngas from Reforming Methane and Carbon Dioxide on Ni@M(SiO2 and CeO2)" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1877">Syngas from Reforming Methane and Carbon Dioxide on Ni@M(SiO<sub>2</sub> and CeO<sub>2</sub>)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Derun Hua</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jian Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiaowen Guo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xinning Lu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hao Ding</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rengui He</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1877; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231877">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231877</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The accumulation of greenhouse gasses (CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>) results in an increase in the temperature of the atmosphere. The conversion of greenhouse gasses into chemicals and fuels with high added value benefits not only the environment but also energy development. <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1877/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The accumulation of greenhouse gasses (CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>) results in an increase in the temperature of the atmosphere. The conversion of greenhouse gasses into chemicals and fuels with high added value benefits not only the environment but also energy development. A promising and well-studied process is the reforming of methane, where CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> are converted into syngas (CO and H<sub>2</sub>). However, catalysts hinder the development of the process. In this paper, we investigate the conversion of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> into syngas using a thermal conversion method. The catalysis performance was evaluated by reforming methane. Ni-based catalysts were prepared by different methods. All prepared catalysts were characterized (XRD, HRTEM et al.), and the process of reforming carbon dioxide–methane was carried out in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure and a high temperature. Ni(M) @CeO<sub>2</sub> is one of the most popular options due to the role of CeO<sub>2</sub>. The deposition of coke in Ni-based catalysts was investigated. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1877">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1877/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527043"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527043"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527043" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527043" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527043" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527043-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g001-550.jpg?1732271615" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527043" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527043-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g002-550.jpg?1732271618'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527043-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g003-550.jpg?1732271620'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527043-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g004-550.jpg?1732271621'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527043-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g005-550.jpg?1732271622'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527043-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g006-550.jpg?1732271623'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527043-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g007-550.jpg?1732271625'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527043-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g001-550.jpg?1732271615" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The utilization of syngas.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1877'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g002-550.jpg?1732271618" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>TEM of nanoparticle (Ni).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1877'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g003-550.jpg?1732271620" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Effect of pretreatment temperature and temperature on catalyst performance (Ni@SiO<sub>2</sub>) ((<b>a</b>): CH<sub>4</sub> of conversion, (<b>b</b>): CO<sub>2</sub> of conversion, (<b>c</b>): ration of H<sub>2</sub> and CO, (<b>d</b>): effect of reaction temperature).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1877'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g004-550.jpg?1732271621" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Effects of core and shell of catalysts on carbon deposit.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1877'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g005-550.jpg?1732271622" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>X-ray diffractograms of four reduced catalysts.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1877'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g006-550.jpg?1732271623" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>TGA of spent catalysts (Ni@SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ni(M)@SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ni@CeO<sub>2</sub>, and Ni(M)@CeO<sub>2</sub>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1877'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01877/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01877-g007-550.jpg?1732271625" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Ni 2p and Ce 3d XPS spectra of spent Ni@CeO<sub>2</sub> and Ni(M)@CeO<sub>2</sub> catalysts. ((<b>A</b>): Ni 2p, (<b>B</b>): Ce 3d).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1877'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 20 pages, 12267 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1876/pdf?version=1732269080" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Biocompatibility Analysis of the Silver-Coated Microporous Titanium Implants Manufactured with 3D-Printing Technology" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1876">Biocompatibility Analysis of the Silver-Coated Microporous Titanium Implants Manufactured with 3D-Printing Technology</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maxim Shevtsov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Emil Pitkin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Stephanie E. Combs</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Natalia Yudintceva</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Denis Nazarov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Greg Van Der Meulen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chris Preucil</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Michael Akkaoui</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mark Pitkin</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1876; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231876">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231876</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> 3D-printed microporous titanium scaffolds enjoy good biointegration with the residuum’s soft and bone tissues, and they promote excellent biomechanical properties in attached prostheses. Implant-associated infection, however, remains a major clinical challenge. Silver-based implant coatings can potentially reduce bacterial growth and inhibit biofilm formation, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1876/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> 3D-printed microporous titanium scaffolds enjoy good biointegration with the residuum’s soft and bone tissues, and they promote excellent biomechanical properties in attached prostheses. Implant-associated infection, however, remains a major clinical challenge. Silver-based implant coatings can potentially reduce bacterial growth and inhibit biofilm formation, thereby reducing the risk of periprosthetic infections. In the current study, a 1-µm thick silver coating was prepared on the surface of a 3D-printed microporous titanium alloy with physical vapor deposition (PVD), with a final silver content of 1.00 ± 02 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>. Cell viability was evaluated with an MTT assay of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and human dermal fibroblasts cultured on the surface of the implants, and showed low cytotoxicity for cells during the 14-day follow-up period. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the relative gene expression of the extracellular matrix components (fibronectin, vitronectin, type I collagen) and cell adhesion markers (α2, α5, αV, β1 integrins) in dermal fibroblasts showed that cell adhesion was not reduced by the silver coating of the microporous implants. An RT-PCR analysis of gene expression related to osteogenic differentiation, including TGF-β1, SMAD4, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, demonstrated that silver coating did not reduce the osteogenic activity of cells and, to the contrary, enhanced the activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway. For representative sample S5 on day 14, the gene expression levels were 7.15 ± 0.29 (osteonectin), 6.08 ± 0.12 (osteocalcin), and 11.19 ± 0.77 (osteopontin). In conclusion, the data indicate that the silver coating of the microporous titanium implants did not reduce the biointegrative or osteoinductive properties of the titanium scaffold, a finding that argues in favor of applying this coating in designing personalized osseointegrated implants. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1876">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1876/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526950"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526950"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526950" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526950" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526950" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526950-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g001-550.jpg?1732269146" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526950" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526950-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g002-550.jpg?1732269148'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526950-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g003-550.jpg?1732269152'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526950-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g004-550.jpg?1732269154'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526950-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g005-550.jpg?1732269156'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526950-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g006-550.jpg?1732269158'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526950-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g001-550.jpg?1732269146" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Tablets for the study: (<b>A</b>) set of tablets (S1–S9) fabricated with 3D-printing technology and coated with silver; (<b>B</b>) r<sub>1</sub> is the outer radius of the tablets and r<sub>2</sub> is the radius of a central solid core.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1876'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g002-550.jpg?1732269148" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>MTT assay of dermal fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells on silver-coated 3D-printed titanium microporous implants (S1–S9). Cell viability (%) was evaluated on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after co-incubation. Sintered Ti implant and 3D-printed implant without silver coating were used as controls. Data is presented from three independent experiments as M ± SD.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1876'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g003-550.jpg?1732269152" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Representative scanning electron microscopy images of MC3T3-E1 cells and fibroblasts cultured on the samples S5 following 72 h of co-incubation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1876'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g004-550.jpg?1732269154" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of expression of integrins and extracellular matrix component (fibronectin, vitronectin, type I collagen) genes of dermal fibroblasts on silver-coated 3D-printed titanium implants S1–S9 4, 24, 48, and 72 h after co-culturing. Analysis of gene expression related to fibronectin, vitronectin, and type I collagen was performed following 4 and 72 h of co-culturing cells on the surface of implants. Data is presented from three independent experiments as M ± SD. <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01 for testing mean expression levels.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1876'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g005-550.jpg?1732269156" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of gene (FAK, vinculin, paxillin) expression for MC3T3-E1 cells co-cultured on silver-coated titanium implants with various pore sizes (S1–S9) after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Data is presented from three independent experiments as M ± SD. <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01 for testing mean expression levels.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1876'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01876/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01876-g006-550.jpg?1732269158" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin genes of MC3T3-E1 cells following co-incubation with silver-coated titanium implants (S1–S9) after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Analysis of TGF-β1 and SMAD4 gene expression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells was performed on days 1 and 7 after co-incubation. Data is presented from three independent experiments as M ± SD. <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01 for testing mean expression levels.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1876'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1526870" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1526870" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1526870" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1875/s1?version=1732267161"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 136 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 26 pages, 4366 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1875/pdf?version=1732267161" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Green Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles from Mauritia flexuosa Fruit Extract: Characterization and Bioactivity Assessment" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1875">Green Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles from <i>Mauritia flexuosa</i> Fruit Extract: Characterization and Bioactivity Assessment</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Johana Zúñiga-Miranda</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>David Vaca-Vega</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Karla Vizuete</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rebeca Gonzalez-Pastor</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jorge Heredia-Moya</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Arianna Mayorga-Ramos</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carlos Barba-Ostria</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elena Coyago-Cruz</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexis Debut</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Linda P. Guamán</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1875; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231875">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231875</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, persistent biofilms, oxidative stress, and cancerous cell proliferation poses significant challenges in healthcare and environmental settings, highlighting the urgent need for innovative and sustainable therapeutic solutions. The exploration of nanotechnology, particularly the use of green-synthesized nanoparticles, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1875/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, persistent biofilms, oxidative stress, and cancerous cell proliferation poses significant challenges in healthcare and environmental settings, highlighting the urgent need for innovative and sustainable therapeutic solutions. The exploration of nanotechnology, particularly the use of green-synthesized nanoparticles, offers a promising avenue to address these complex biological challenges due to their multifunctional properties and biocompatibility. Utilizing a green synthesis approach, <i>Mauritia flexuosa</i> Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs were synthesized and characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled with scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs exhibited potent antibacterial effects against both non-resistant and MDR bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 11.25 to 45 µg/mL. Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs also demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy, particularly against <i>Candida glabrata</i>, with an MIC of 5.63 µg/mL. Moreover, the nanoparticles showed strong biofilm inhibition capabilities and substantial antioxidant properties, underscoring their potential to combat oxidative stress. Additionally, Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs exhibited pronounced anticancer properties against various cancer cell lines, displaying low IC<sub>50</sub> values across various cancer cell lines while maintaining minimal hemolytic activity at therapeutic concentrations. These findings suggest that Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs synthesized via an eco-friendly approach offer a promising alternative for biomedical applications, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer therapies, warranting further in vivo studies to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1875">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/6R81R1HR09 ">Biosynthesis and Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials: New Methodologies and Results, 2nd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1875/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526870"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526870"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526870" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526870" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526870" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526870-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g001-550.jpg?1732267226" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526870" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526870-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g002-550.jpg?1732267227'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526870-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g003-550.jpg?1732267228'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526870-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g004-550.jpg?1732267230'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526870-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g005-550.jpg?1732267232'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526870-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g006-550.jpg?1732267234'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1526870-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g007-550.jpg?1732267237'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1526870-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g008-550.jpg?1732267237'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526870-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g001-550.jpg?1732267226" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) UV-Vis spectrum of the nanoparticle dispersion and (<b>b</b>) color change in the synthesis process.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1875'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g002-550.jpg?1732267227" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>DLS: hydrodynamic diameter of Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1875'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g003-550.jpg?1732267228" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>XRD diffractogram of Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1875'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g004-550.jpg?1732267230" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>TEM image of synthesized Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1875'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g005-550.jpg?1732267232" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) EDS analysis and (<b>b</b>) SEM analysis of Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1875'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g006-550.jpg?1732267234" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>FTIR spectra of (<b>a</b>) extract of <span class="html-italic">M. flexuosa</span> and (<b>b</b>) Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1875'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g007-550.jpg?1732267237" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Percentage of biofilm inhibition of (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">S. aureus</span> ATCC 25923, (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">P. aeruginosa</span> ATCC 9027, (<b>c</b>) <span class="html-italic">L. monocytogenes</span> ATCC 13932, and (<b>d</b>) <span class="html-italic">B. cepacia</span> ATCC 25416 after 24 h incubation with Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONP at a 2.5–40—µg/mL concentration. Treatments at different concentrations were compared with a 50% theoretical inhibition control for statistical significance using a two-way ANOVA test. All the values are mean ± SD, <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value (*) &lt; 0.05, (**) &lt; 0.01, and (***) &lt; 0.001.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1875'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01875/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01875-g008-550.jpg?1732267237" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Dose–response curves of Mf-Ag<sub>2</sub>ONPs (<b>a</b>) and Mf extract (<b>b</b>) against tumor and non-tumor cell lines after 72 h incubation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1875'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 1926 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1874/pdf?version=1732266540" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Nanocarrier-Based Eco-Friendly RNA Pesticides for Sustainable Management of Plant Pathogens and Pests" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1874">Nanocarrier-Based Eco-Friendly RNA Pesticides for Sustainable Management of Plant Pathogens and Pests</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Heng Qiao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jingyi Chen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Min Dong</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jie Shen</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shuo Yan</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1874; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231874">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231874</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The production of healthy agricultural products has increased the demand for innovative and sustainable plant protection technologies. RNA interference (RNAi), described as post-transcriptional gene silencing, offers great opportunities for developing RNA pesticides for sustainable disease and pest control. Compared with traditional synthesized pesticides, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1874/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The production of healthy agricultural products has increased the demand for innovative and sustainable plant protection technologies. RNA interference (RNAi), described as post-transcriptional gene silencing, offers great opportunities for developing RNA pesticides for sustainable disease and pest control. Compared with traditional synthesized pesticides, RNA pesticides possess many advantages, such as strong targeting, good environmental compatibility, and an easy development process. In this review, we systematically introduce the development of RNAi technology, highlight the advantages of RNA pesticides, and illustrate the challenges faced in developing high-efficiency RNA pesticides and the benefits of nanocarriers. Furthermore, we introduce the process and mechanism of nanocarrier-mediated RNAi technology, summarize the applications of RNA pesticides in controlling plant pathogens and pests, and finally outline the current challenges and future prospects. The current review provides theoretical guidance for the in-depth research and diversified development of RNA pesticides, which can promote the development and practice of nanocarrier-mediated RNAi. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1874">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/6IW49LX87H ">Development and Evaluation of Nanomaterials for Agriculture</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1874/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526842"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526842"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526842" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526842" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526842" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526842-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01874/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01874-g001-550.jpg?1732266675" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526842" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526842-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01874/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01874-g002-550.jpg?1732266677'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526842-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01874/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01874-g001-550.jpg?1732266675" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Application of star polymer (SPc) nanocarrier to improve RNAi efficiency for plant pathogen and pest management. The figure was created using BioRender.com and PowerPoint 2019 software (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1874'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01874/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01874-g002-550.jpg?1732266677" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Schematic representation of SPc-mediated dsRNA delivery system. The figure was created using BioRender.com and PowerPoint 2019 software (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1874'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527046" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527046" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527046" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1873/s1?version=1732271615"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 47 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 2584 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1873/pdf?version=1732271614" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Core–Shell Chitosan Particles Targeting Membrane-Bound Heat Shock Protein 70 for Cancer Therapy" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1873">Core–Shell Chitosan Particles Targeting Membrane-Bound Heat Shock Protein 70 for Cancer Therapy</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elena V. Svirshchevskaya</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Valentina V. Kostenko</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anna A. Boyko</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maxim Shevtsov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Roman V. Kholodenko</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria V. Grechikhina</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Iuliia A. Gracheva</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexey Yu. Fedorov</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexander M. Sapozhnikov</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1873; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231873">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231873</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Anti-cancer targeted therapy is a promising approach. However, the identification of target molecules over-expressed in a wide range of tumors remains a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of cell membrane-exposed heat shock protein 70 kDa (mHSP70) <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1873/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Anti-cancer targeted therapy is a promising approach. However, the identification of target molecules over-expressed in a wide range of tumors remains a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of cell membrane-exposed heat shock protein 70 kDa (mHSP70) on different tumor cells and to develop a nanoscale delivery system based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes mHSP70 and uses chitosan core–shell nanoparticles (NPs). Several types of tumor cells (breast, pancreas, colon, prostate cancers, and some lymphomas) expressed mHSP70 as was determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy both in 2D and 3D cultures. Core NPs were formed by chitosan (C) conjugated to allocolchicinoid, which was used as a model drug (D). mAbs (A) targeting mHSP70 were complexed with succinylchitosan and used as NP shells forming final CAD-NPs. These NPs were characterized by size, charge, and functional activity. CAD-NPs were shown to have additional toxicity in comparison with CD-NPs in mHSP7-positive cells. Taken collectively, this study shows that mAb to mHSP70 can be used as a targeting vector in antitumor therapy. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1873">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/09T9W487F8 ">Functional Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1873/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527046"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527046"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527046" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527046" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527046" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527046-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01873/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01873-g001-550.jpg?1732271716" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527046" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527046-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01873/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01873-g002-550.jpg?1732271719'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527046-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01873/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01873-g003-550.jpg?1732271721'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527046-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01873/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01873-g004-550.jpg?1732271723'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527046-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01873/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01873-g005-550.jpg?1732271725'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527046-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01873/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01873-g001-550.jpg?1732271716" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Expression of mHSP70 by different types of cells cultivated in 2D and 3D conditions. (<b>A</b>–<b>D</b>): Binding of anti-HSP70 antibodies to breast cancer BT20 (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) and colorectal cells HT-29 (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>) incubated in 2D (<b>A</b>,<b>C</b>) or 3D (<b>B</b>,<b>D</b>) conditions analyzed by flow cytometry. Autofluorescence is shown in pink, and mHSP70 expression is shown in blue. (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>): Confocal images of BT20 cells incubated in 2D (<b>E</b>) or 3D (<b>F</b>) conditions. Nuclei are stained in blue, scale bar 30 µm. (<b>G</b>–<b>I</b>): Ratios of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of anti-HSP70 labeled cell to isotype control MFI for different cells incubated in 2D and 3D conditions.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1873'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01873/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01873-g002-550.jpg?1732271719" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Orientation of mHSP70 on the plasma membrane. (<b>A</b>): Gel electrophoresis of HSP70 fragments used for antibody production. M- marker, full length (1), N-fragment (2), and C-fragment (3) of HSP-70. (<b>B</b>,<b>C</b>): Recognition of HSP70 by antibodies to full length (HSP70-F), C-(HSP70-C), or N-fragments (HSP70-C) on PC-3 (<b>B</b>) or Daudi (<b>C</b>). Autofluorescence is shown in pink, HSP70 expression—in different colors. (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>): Confocal microscopy of PC-3 cells stained by FITC-labeled antibodies (green) to full length (<b>D</b>), C-fragment (<b>E</b>) or N-fragments (<b>F</b>). Nuclei are stained in blue, scale bar—23 µm.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1873'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01873/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01873-g003-550.jpg?1732271721" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Scheme of the delivery system synthesis. (<b>A</b>): Particles were formed by sodium tripolyphosphates from allocolchicinoid (drug) activated by EDC/NHS and conjugated to chitosan 30 kDa (<b>C</b>). (<b>B</b>): Anti-HSP70-C fragment antibody (Ab) 2E4 was mixed with succinoylchitosan (SC), forming the complex via electrostatic interaction. (<b>C</b>): Final particles (CAD-NPs) were formed by electrostatic interaction between positively charged drug-chitosan particles (D-NPs) and the SC-Ab complex. (<b>D</b>): Confocal image of CAD-NPs-FITC. Scale bar—11 µm.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1873'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01873/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01873-g004-550.jpg?1732271723" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Characteristics of the delivery systems. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>): Dynamic light scattering of chitosan NPs (C-NPs) (<b>A</b>), chitosan-anti-HSP70-C fragment antibody drug conjugated NPs (CAD-NPs) (<b>B</b>); (<b>C</b>): SEM analysis of CAD-NPs. Scale 100 nm; (<b>D</b>): Viability assay of CSD-NPs, CS-NPs, and CA-NPs using PC-3 cells. (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>): Cell cycle analysis of CD-NPs (<b>E</b>) and C-NPs (<b>F</b>) in PC-3 cells. CAD-NPs were used at 500-time dilution. Cells were incubated for 72 h and analyzed by flow cytometry. Numbers 1, 2, 3 correspond to apoptosis, G1, and G2/M cycles accordingly. Control cells are shown in pink and after the incubation with the samples—in blue.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1873'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01873/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01873-g005-550.jpg?1732271725" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Specific binding and cytotoxicity of the delivery systems. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>): Flow cytometry of free 2E4 (<b>A</b>) and CA-NPs (<b>B</b>) binding to PC-3 cells. Control cells are shown in pink, and after the incubation with the samples, in blue. (<b>C</b>): Viability of PC-3 cells after incubation with antibody–drug conjugates CAD-NPs (blue) and control CSD-NPs (green). Data are shown as indices of proliferation. The statistical difference is shown with the bracket. (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>): Confocal microscopy images of PC-3 3D cultures incubated 24 h with C-NPs (<b>D</b>), CAD-NPs (<b>E</b>), and CSD-NPs (<b>F</b>) stained with secondary antibody to murine IgG-FITC (green). Spheroids are stained with MitoTrackerRed.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1873'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1526757" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1526757" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1526757" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1872/s1?version=1732263394"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 1365 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 3209 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1872/pdf?version=1732263393" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Permanent Strain Engineering of Molybdenum Disulfide Using Laser-Driven Stressors for Energy-Efficient Resistive Switching Memory Devices" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1872">Permanent Strain Engineering of Molybdenum Disulfide Using Laser-Driven Stressors for Energy-Efficient Resistive Switching Memory Devices</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Heeyoon Jang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Seok-Ki Hyeong</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Byeongjin Park</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tae-Wook Kim</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sukang Bae</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sung Kyu Jang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yonghun Kim</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Seoung-Ki Lee</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1872; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231872">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231872</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Strain engineering provides an attractive approach to enhance device performance by modulating the intrinsic electrical properties of materials. This is especially applicable to 2D materials, which exhibit high sensitivity to mechanical stress. However, conventional methods, such as using polymer substrates, to apply strain <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1872/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Strain engineering provides an attractive approach to enhance device performance by modulating the intrinsic electrical properties of materials. This is especially applicable to 2D materials, which exhibit high sensitivity to mechanical stress. However, conventional methods, such as using polymer substrates, to apply strain have limitations in that the strain is temporary and global. Here, we introduce a novel approach to induce permanent localized strain by fabricating a stressor on SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrates using fiber laser irradiation, thereby enabling precise control of the surface topography. MoS<sub>2</sub> is transferred onto this stressor, which results in the application of ~0.8% tensile strain. To assess the impact of the internal strain on the operation of ReRAM devices, the flat-MoS<sub>2</sub>-based and the strained-MoS<sub>2</sub>-based devices are compared. Both devices demonstrate forming-free, bipolar, and non-volatile switching characteristics. The strained devices exhibit a 30% reduction in the operating voltage, which can be attributed to bandgap narrowing and enhanced carrier mobility. Furthermore, the strained devices exhibit nearly a two-fold improvement in endurance, presumably because of the enhanced stability from lattice release effect. These results emphasize the potential of strain engineering for advancing the performance and durability of next-generation memory devices. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1872">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/1A50E0VPXX ">Nanoelectronics: Materials, Devices and Applications (Second Edition)</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1872/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526757"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526757"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526757" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526757" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526757" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526757-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01872/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01872-g001-550.jpg?1732263558" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526757" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526757-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01872/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01872-g002-550.jpg?1732263560'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526757-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01872/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01872-g003-550.jpg?1732263562'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526757-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01872/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01872-g004-550.jpg?1732263563'><p>Figure 4</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526757-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01872/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01872-g001-550.jpg?1732263558" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process for applying strain to MoS<sub>2</sub> by fabricating a SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si stressor and using 1.06 μm laser. Optical Microscopy image of stressor with different patterns: (<b>b</b>) line, (<b>e</b>) random, (<b>h</b>) wavy patterns. Schematic of the surface morphology obtained from 3D profiler: (<b>c</b>) line, (<b>f</b>) random, (<b>i</b>) wavy patterns. Representation of the periodicity and height based on the surface morphology data: (<b>d</b>) line, (<b>g</b>) random, (<b>j</b>) wavy patterns.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1872'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01872/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01872-g002-550.jpg?1732263560" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Raman spectroscopy of flat MoS<sub>2</sub> (gray) and 0.8% tensile-strained MoS<sub>2</sub> (red). (<b>b</b>) Magnified <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </semantics></math> peak of strained MoS<sub>2</sub> showing the split between the LO and TO mode. (<b>c</b>) Raman mapping image (50 × 30 μm<sup>2</sup>) of strained MoS<sub>2</sub> on line-patterned stressor. (<b>d</b>) GIXRD patterns of flat MoS<sub>2</sub> (gray) and strained MoS<sub>2</sub> (red) at the (002) peak. (<b>e</b>) Band structure of flat MoS<sub>2</sub> (gray) and strained MoS<sub>2</sub> (red) obtained from DFT calculations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1872'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01872/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01872-g003-550.jpg?1732263562" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic illustration of a device based on strained MoS<sub>2</sub> on a line-patterned SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si stressor. The bottom electrode is graphene, the resistive switching layer is strained MoS<sub>2</sub> and AlO<sub>x</sub>, the top electrode is Al, and Au serves as the measurement electrode. (<b>b</b>) TEM and EDS images of strained device. (<b>c</b>) Comparison of the set mechanism between flat (left) and strained (right) devices. Double logarithmic I-V curve for the SCLC mechanism in HRS during set process: (<b>d</b>) flat, (<b>e</b>) strained devices.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1872'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01872/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01872-g004-550.jpg?1732263563" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) I-V curves for the set and reset processes over 150 cycles for flat (gray) and strained devices (red and blue). (<b>b</b>) Cumulative probability distribution of the LRS and HRS for flat (gray) and strained (red and blue) devices. (<b>c</b>) Cumulative probability distribution of the V<sub>Set</sub> and V<sub>Reset</sub> for flat (gray) and strained (red and blue) devices. (<b>d</b>) Retention time measurement of flat (left) and strained (right) devices at a read voltage of 0.2 V.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1872'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 8 pages, 3953 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1871/pdf?version=1732249802" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Oblique Deposited Ultra-Thin Silver Films on Polymer Gratings for Sensitive SERS Performance" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1871">Oblique Deposited Ultra-Thin Silver Films on Polymer Gratings for Sensitive SERS Performance</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yi-Jun Jen</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Meng-Jie Lin</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1871; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231871">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231871</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> A small amount of silver was obliquely deposited onto a polymer subwavelength grating to form a metasurface that comprised silver split-tubes. An ultra-thin silver film with a monitor-controlled thickness of 20 nm at the corner of each ridge of the grating provided the <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1871/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> A small amount of silver was obliquely deposited onto a polymer subwavelength grating to form a metasurface that comprised silver split-tubes. An ultra-thin silver film with a monitor-controlled thickness of 20 nm at the corner of each ridge of the grating provided the most sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. An excitation laser beam that was incident from the substrate provided similar or better SERS enhancement than did the general configuration with the laser beam incident directly on the surface of the nanostructure. Near-field simulations were conducted to model the localized electric field enhancement and to quantify the SERS performance, demonstrating the effectiveness of this novel deposition method. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1871">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/JNGZ044W81 ">Advances and Innovations in Glancing Angle Deposition and Related Nanostructures</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1871/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526613"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526613"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526613" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526613" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526613" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526613-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g001-550.jpg?1732249922" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526613" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526613-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g002-550.jpg?1732249923'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526613-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g003-550.jpg?1732249925'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526613-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g004-550.jpg?1732249926'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526613-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g005-550.jpg?1732249928'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526613-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g006-550.jpg?1732249929'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1526613-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g007-550.jpg?1732249929'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1526613-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g008-550.jpg?1732249932'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526613-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g001-550.jpg?1732249922" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Top-view and cross-sectional SEM images of coated gratings: (<b>a</b>,<b>d</b>) GR<sub>20nm</sub><span class="html-italic">,</span> (<b>b</b>,<b>e</b>) GR<sub>80nm</sub><span class="html-italic">,</span> and (<b>c</b>,<b>f</b>) GR<sub>150nm</sub>; (<b>g</b>) schematic diagram of morphology of silver film.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1871'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g002-550.jpg?1732249923" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Measurement under forward and backward illumination in the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarized state.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1871'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g003-550.jpg?1732249925" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>TE and TM polarization spectra of reflectance (R), transmittance (T), and extinctance (E) for each sample under forward illumination.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1871'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g004-550.jpg?1732249926" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>TE and TM polarization spectra of reflectance (R), transmittance (T), and extinctance (E) for each sample under backward illumination.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1871'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g005-550.jpg?1732249928" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Raman spectra of bare grating for forward and backward illumination.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1871'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g006-550.jpg?1732249929" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Raman spectra of GR<sub>20nm</sub>, GR<sub>80nm</sub>, and GR<sub>150nm</sub> for forward and backward illumination.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1871'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g007-550.jpg?1732249929" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>AEF of bare grating, GR<sub>20nm</sub>, GR<sub>80nm</sub>, and GR<sub>150nm</sub> under forward illumination and backward illumination.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1871'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01871/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01871-g008-550.jpg?1732249932" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Maximum steady-state amplitude of the electric field in grating substrate under forward and backward illumination.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1871'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 4985 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1869/pdf?version=1732245948" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Unveiling the Photocatalytic Potential of BiAgOS Solid Solution for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1869">Unveiling the Photocatalytic Potential of BiAgOS Solid Solution for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Oumaima Ben Abdelhadi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Majid El Kassaoui</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hajar Moatassim</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ahmed Kotbi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mohamed Balli</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Omar Mounkachi</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mustapha Jouiad</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1869; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231869">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231869</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The growing emphasis on green energy has spurred momentum in research and development within the field of photocatalytic materials, particularly for green hydrogen production. Among the most abundant oxides on Earth, oxychalcogenides stand out for their cost-effectiveness and ease of synthesis. In this <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1869/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The growing emphasis on green energy has spurred momentum in research and development within the field of photocatalytic materials, particularly for green hydrogen production. Among the most abundant oxides on Earth, oxychalcogenides stand out for their cost-effectiveness and ease of synthesis. In this context, we present an investigation of the potential use of BiAgOS as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen generation. Utilizing density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, we computed its physical properties and assessed its photocatalytic performance. Specifically, using Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof corrections, our calculations yielded an appropriate electronic gap of ~1.47 eV necessary for driving the water-splitting reaction. Additionally, we obtained a very high optical absorption coefficient of ~5 × 10<sup>5</sup>/cm<sup>–1</sup> and an estimation of hydrogen generation yield of ~289.56 µmol∙g<sup>–1</sup>. These findings suggest that BiAgOS holds promise for enabling the development of cheap, reliable, and highly efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen production. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1869">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/O85957B110 ">Advanced Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1869/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526605"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526605"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526605" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526605" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526605" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526605-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g001-550.jpg?1732246065" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526605" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526605-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g002-550.jpg?1732246067'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526605-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g003-550.jpg?1732246069'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526605-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g004-550.jpg?1732246069'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526605-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g005-550.jpg?1732246071'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526605-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g006-550.jpg?1732246072'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526605-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g001-550.jpg?1732246065" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Top/side view of BiAgOS crystal after relaxation, (<b>b</b>) top snapshot with the corresponding variation of the total energy between 0 and 7 ps during the AIMD simulations at 300 K, (<b>c</b>) the phonon spectra and PhDOS, (<b>d</b>) variation of entropy S, heat capacity C<sub>V</sub>, and enthalpy H as a function of temperature, and (<b>e</b>) variation of Gibbs free energy as a function of temperature.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1869'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g002-550.jpg?1732246067" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>DFT computed band structures of BiAgOS using (<b>a</b>) PBE approximation and (<b>b</b>) HSE approximation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1869'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g003-550.jpg?1732246069" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>DFT computed the total and partial DOS of BiAgOS using (<b>a</b>) PBE approximation and (<b>b</b>) HSE approximation. The Fermi energy level (<span class="html-italic">E<sub>f</sub></span>) is set to 0 eV.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1869'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g004-550.jpg?1732246069" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Computed optical properties of BiAgOS: (<b>a</b>) absorption as a function of energy, (<b>b</b>) absorption coefficient, and (<b>c</b>) reflectivity.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1869'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g005-550.jpg?1732246071" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Computed thermoelectric properties of BiAGOS: (<b>a</b>) electrical conductivity, (<b>b</b>) thermal conductivity, (<b>c</b>) electronic specific heat, and (<b>d</b>) Seebeck coefficient as a function of temperature.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1869'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01869/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01869-g006-550.jpg?1732246072" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Variation in conduction band energy (blue) and valence band energy (red) as a function of pH.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1869'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1526547" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1526547" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1526547" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1870/s1?version=1732204408"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 862 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 8127 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1870/pdf?version=1732250162" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Enhancing Photoelectrocatalytic Efficiency of BiVO4 Photoanodes by Crystal Orientation Control" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1870">Enhancing Photoelectrocatalytic Efficiency of BiVO<sub>4</sub> Photoanodes by Crystal Orientation Control</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hongru Zhao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xinkong Wei</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yue Pei</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Weihua Han</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1870; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231870">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231870</a> - 21 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO<sub>4</sub>) is a promising photoanode material due to its stability and suitable bandgap, making it effective for visible light absorption. However, its photoelectrocatalytic efficiency is often limited by the poor transport dynamics of photogenerated carriers. Recent research found that <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1870/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO<sub>4</sub>) is a promising photoanode material due to its stability and suitable bandgap, making it effective for visible light absorption. However, its photoelectrocatalytic efficiency is often limited by the poor transport dynamics of photogenerated carriers. Recent research found that varying the atomic arrangement in crystals and Fermi levels across different crystal orientations can lead to significant differences in carrier mobility, charge recombination rates, and overall performance. In this work, we optimized the atomic arrangement by controlling the crystal growth direction to improve carrier separation efficiency using a wet chemical method. Systematic investigations revealed that the preferential [010]-oriented BiVO<sub>4</sub> film exhibits the highest carrier mobility and photocurrent density. Under an applied bias of 1.21 V (vs. RHE) in a 0.5 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte, it achieved a photocurrent density of 0.2 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> under AM 1.5 G illumination, significantly higher than that of the [121]-oriented (0.056 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and randomly oriented films (0.11 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>). This study provides a deeper understanding of the role of crystal orientation in enhancing photoelectrocatalytic efficiency. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1870">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/A5LPX864G0 ">Nanomaterials for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture and Conversion</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1870/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526547"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526547"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526547" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526547" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526547" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526547-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01870/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01870-g001-550.jpg?1732250413" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526547" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526547-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01870/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01870-g002-550.jpg?1732250414'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526547-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01870/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01870-g003-550.jpg?1732250415'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526547-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01870/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01870-g004-550.jpg?1732250418'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526547-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01870/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01870-g005-550.jpg?1732250419'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526547-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01870/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01870-g001-550.jpg?1732250413" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Synthesis and characterizations of BiVO<sub>4</sub> catalytic films: (<b>a</b>) schematic illustration of the synthesis process; (<b>b</b>–<b>d</b>) top-view and cross-sectional SEM images of the BiVO<sub>4</sub> films grown at water bath temperatures of 75 °C, 85 °C, and 95 °C, respectively; (<b>e</b>) XRD patterns; (<b>f</b>) SEM images of Pt photodeposited on BiVO<sub>4</sub>; (<b>g</b>) HR-TEM images and SAED pattern of typical sample.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1870'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01870/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01870-g002-550.jpg?1732250414" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Photoelectrochemical characterization and comparison. (<b>a</b>) I-V curves. (<b>b</b>) PL spectra. (<b>c</b>) IPCE, and (<b>d</b>) APCE of three BiVO<sub>4</sub> films with different crystal orientations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1870'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01870/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01870-g003-550.jpg?1732250415" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Band structure and photocarrier dynamics analysis. (<b>a</b>) UV-vis absorption spectra, with insets showing optical bandgap widths. (<b>b</b>) Injection efficiency. (<b>c</b>) Separation efficiency. (<b>d</b>) Mott–Schottky curves. (<b>e</b>) EIS. (<b>f</b>) Bode plots.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1870'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01870/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01870-g004-550.jpg?1732250418" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Surface potential measurements with KPFM. (<b>a</b>,<b>d</b>,<b>g</b>) Surface morphology images of 75-BiVO<sub>4</sub>, 85-BiVO<sub>4</sub>, and 95-BiVO<sub>4</sub>, respectively. (<b>b</b>,<b>e</b>,<b>h</b>) Surface potential mappings for the same samples, with the top row showing measurements in the dark and the bottom row showing measurements under UV illumination. (<b>c</b>,<b>f</b>,<b>i</b>) Surface potential distributions along the marked line in the corresponding surface potential images (<b>b</b>,<b>e</b>,<b>h</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1870'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01870/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01870-g005-550.jpg?1732250419" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Local I–V curves measured with C-AFM.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1870'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 2323 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1868/pdf?version=1732270924" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Investigation of Buckling Behaviors in Carbon Nanorings Using the Chebyshev–Ritz Method" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/14/23/1868">Investigation of Buckling Behaviors in Carbon Nanorings Using the Chebyshev–Ritz Method</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiaobo Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Guowen Kuang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hongmei Tian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhibin Shao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ning Dong</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tao Lin</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Li Huang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 1868; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231868">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231868</a> - 21 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Carbon nanorings (CNRs) serve as an ideal quantum system for novel electronic and magnetic properties. Although extensive theoretical studies utilizing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have investigated the formation and structural characteristics of CNRs, systematically analyzing their properties across various toric sizes remains challenging <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1868/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Carbon nanorings (CNRs) serve as an ideal quantum system for novel electronic and magnetic properties. Although extensive theoretical studies utilizing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have investigated the formation and structural characteristics of CNRs, systematically analyzing their properties across various toric sizes remains challenging due to the inherent complexity of this system. In this study, we introduce a novel finite element method, the Chebyshev–Ritz method, as an alternative approach to investigating the structural properties of CNRs. Previous MD simulations demonstrated that stable CNRs adopt a regular buckled shape at specific toric sizes. By meticulously selecting mechanical parameters, we observe that the critical deformation of a CNR with 50 repeated units, as determined by the Chebyshev–Ritz method, aligns with an MD simulation presenting a buckling number of 14. Additionally, the implementation of the Chebyshev–Ritz method with a constant mechanical parameter for 50 repeated units reveals a structural transition at varying toric sizes, leading to the stabilization of buckling numbers 13, 14, and 15. This structural transition across different buckling modes has also been corroborated by MD simulations. Our approach offers a reliable and accurate means of examining the structural properties of large-scale nanomaterials and paves the way for further exploration in nanoscale mechanics. <a href="/2079-4991/14/23/1868">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/VVYCJ2HLAO ">Structural Modeling and Theoretical Study of Low-Dimensional Materials</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1868/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526494"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526494"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526494" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526494" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526494" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526494-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01868/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01868-g001-550.jpg?1732271005" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526494" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526494-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01868/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01868-g002-550.jpg?1732271005'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526494-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01868/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01868-g003-550.jpg?1732271006'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526494-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01868/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01868-g004-550.jpg?1732271007'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526494-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01868/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01868-g005-550.jpg?1732271008'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526494-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01868/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01868-g001-550.jpg?1732271005" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>A hollow ring structure with an azimuthal cross-section and the corresponding coordinate systems in the <span class="html-italic">r</span>, <span class="html-italic">θ</span>, and <span class="html-italic">ϕ</span> directions.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01868/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01868-g002-550.jpg?1732271005" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Equilibrated morphologies of CNRs with (<b>a</b>) 50 and (<b>b</b>) 200 repeated units showing the buckling on the inner sides of the toroids.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01868/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01868-g003-550.jpg?1732271006" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The strain energy per atom calculated by the Chebyshev–Ritz method at lengths of (<b>a</b>) 50 units and (<b>b</b>) 200 units.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01868/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01868-g004-550.jpg?1732271007" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The structural transition of CNRs at different lengths. (<b>b</b>) A zoomed-in image of the dashed region. The blue, green, red, navy, and orange curves represent the corresponding strain energy per atom calculated by the Chebyshev–Ritz method with lengths of 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52 units, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-14-01868/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-14-01868-g005-550.jpg?1732271008" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) A comparison between the Chebyshev–Ritz method and MD simulation. The red and bule lines represent the buckling number of CNRs at different lengths resulted from the MD and Chebyshev methods, respectively. (<b>b</b>–<b>f</b>) The equilibrated morphologies obtained using the MD simulations with different lengths of 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52 units, respectively. The corresponding buckling numbers are marked in red.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/14/23/1868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="/search?q=&journal=nanomaterials&sort=pubdate&page_count=50">More Articles...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 large-pull-6 medium-3 medium-pull-6 small-12 columns"> <div id="js-large-main-top-container"> <div id="js-main-top-container" class="content__container"> <a href="/journal/nanomaterials"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/nanomaterials-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="nanomaterials-logo" title="Nanomaterials" style="max-height: 60px; margin: 0 0 0 0;"> </a> <div class="generic-item no-border" style="position: relative;"> <div class=""> <a class="button button--color button--color-journal button--full-width 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class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times"> Special Issue in </span><span class="text-information italics times">Nanomaterials</span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/0O5352GD4T"> Advances in Green Nanotechnology: From Nanoparticles' Green Synthesis to Their Applications in Engineering </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Guest Editors: Rui A. 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