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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">28978 Ixion</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" > 41 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_%D8%A5%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="28978 إكسيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="28978 إكسيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/(28978)_%D0%86%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD" title="(28978) Іксіён – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="(28978) Іксіён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_%D0%86%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD" title="28978 Іксіён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="28978 Іксіён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="28978 Иксион – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="28978 Иксион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/(28978)_Ixion" title="(28978) Ixion – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="(28978) Ixion" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Иксион – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иксион" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixion_(planetka)" title="Ixion (planetka) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ixion (planetka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/(28978)_Ixion" title="(28978) Ixion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="(28978) Ixion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_%CE%99%CE%BE%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="28978 Ιξίων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="28978 Ιξίων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/(28978)_Ixion" title="(28978) Ixion – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="(28978) Ixion" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Iksiono" title="28978 Iksiono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="28978 Iksiono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/(28978)_Ixion" title="(28978) Ixion – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="(28978) Ixion" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DB%B2%DB%B8%DB%B9%DB%B7%DB%B8" title="سیارک ۲۸۹۷۸ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیارک ۲۸۹۷۸" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/(28978)_Ixion" title="(28978) Ixion – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="(28978) Ixion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ixion" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_%EC%9D%B5%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A8" title="28978 익시온 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="28978 익시온" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Iksion" title="28978 Iksion – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="28978 Iksion" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Иксион – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иксион" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/(28978)_Ixion" title="(28978) Ixion – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="(28978) Ixion" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A8)" title="28978 ايكسيون (كويكب) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="28978 ايكسيون (كويكب)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixion_(planeto%C3%AFde)" title="Ixion (planetoïde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ixion (planetoïde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3_(%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F)" title="イクシオン (小惑星) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イクシオン (小惑星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/(28978)_Iksjon" title="(28978) Iksjon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="(28978) Iksjon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_%C3%8Dxion" title="28978 Íxion – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="28978 Íxion" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ixion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/(28978)_%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="(28978) Иксион – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="(28978) Иксион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Iksion" title="28978 Iksion – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="28978 Iksion" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_%D0%86%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="28978 Іксіон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="28978 Іксіон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="28978 Ixion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F28978" title="小行星28978 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小行星28978" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15591#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:28978_Ixion" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Plutino</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the minor planet. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ixion_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ixion (disambiguation)">Ixion (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">28978 Ixion</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:28978-ixion_hst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/28978-ixion_hst.jpg/290px-28978-ixion_hst.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/28978-ixion_hst.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> image of Ixion taken in 2006<a href="#cite_note-Hubble2005-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF">Discovery<a href="#cite_note-jpldata-2">[2]</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers" title="List of minor planet discoverers">Discovered by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deep_Ecliptic_Survey" title="Deep Ecliptic Survey">Deep Ecliptic Survey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes" title="List of observatory codes">Discovery site</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Tololo_Inter-American_Observatory" title="Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory">Cerro Tololo Obs.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Discovery date</th><td class="infobox-data">22 May 2001</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_designation" title="Minor-planet designation">MPC designation</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">(28978) Ixion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪkˈsaɪ.ən/</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Named after</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion">Ιξίων</a> Ixīōn</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy" title="Provisional designation in astronomy">Alternative designations</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2001 KX76</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet#Populations" title="Minor planet">Minor planet category</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">TNO</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">plutino</a><a href="#cite_note-Buie-4">[4]</a> · <a href="/wiki/Distant_minor_planet" title="Distant minor planet">distant</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectivals_and_demonyms_of_astronomical_bodies" title="List of adjectivals and demonyms of astronomical bodies">Adjectives</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ixionian <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪksiˈoʊniən/</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Planet_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet symbols">Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Ixion_symbol_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ixion_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/24px-Ixion_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ixion_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/36px-Ixion_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ixion_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/48px-Ixion_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> or <a href="/wiki/File:Ixion_symbol_(Greek,_bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_bold%29.svg/24px-Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_bold%29.svg/36px-Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_bold%29.svg/48px-Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> (astrological)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-2">[2]</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a> 17 December 2020 (<a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">JD</a> 2459200.5)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty_parameter" title="Uncertainty parameter">Uncertainty parameter</a> 3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Observation_arc" title="Observation arc">Observation arc</a></th><td class="infobox-data">35.93 yr (13,122 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Earliest <a href="/wiki/Precovery" title="Precovery">precovery</a> date</th><td class="infobox-data">17 July 1982</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Aphelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">49.584 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Perihelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30.019 AU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semi-major axis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">39.802 AU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.24579</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period (sidereal)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">251.11 <a href="/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)" title="Julian year (astronomy)">yr</a> (91,717 <a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">d</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_anomaly#Mean_anomaly_at_epoch" title="Mean anomaly">Mean anomaly</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">289.587<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_motion" title="Mean motion">Mean motion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0° 0m 14.13s / day</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19.600°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">Longitude of ascending node</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">71.011°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Time of perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">≈ 24 September 2070<a href="#cite_note-Horizons2070-7">[7]</a> ±1 day</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument of perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">298.314°</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF"><a href="/wiki/Standard_asteroid_physical_characteristics" title="Standard asteroid physical characteristics">Physical characteristics</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Dimensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">756.9 km × 684.9 km (projected, occultation)<a href="#cite_note-Occ-profile-20201013-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levine2021-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Mean diameter</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">709.6±0.2 km<a href="#cite_note-Levine2021-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Synodic_rotation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Synodic rotation period">Synodic rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">12.4±0.3 <a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">h</a><a href="#cite_note-Galiazzo2016-10">[10]</a> 15.9±0.5 h<a href="#cite_note-Rousselot2010-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">Geometric albedo</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.108±0.002 <a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric</a><a href="#cite_note-Verbiscer2022-12">[12]</a> 0.037±0.007 <a href="/wiki/Bond_albedo" title="Bond albedo">Bond</a><a href="#cite_note-Verbiscer2022-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">Temperature</a></th><td class="infobox-data">64+0.7 −1.1 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a><a href="#cite_note-Levine2021-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types" title="Asteroid spectral types">Spectral type</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object#Colors" title="Trans-Neptunian object">IR</a> (moderately red)<a href="#cite_note-Barucci2008-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fulchignoni2008-14">[14]</a> B–V=1.009±0.051<a href="#cite_note-Hainaut2012-15">[15]</a> V–R=0.61±0.03<a href="#cite_note-Hainaut2012-15">[15]</a> V–I=1.146±0.086<a href="#cite_note-Hainaut2012-15">[15]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">19.8<a href="#cite_note-AstDys-16">[16]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Solar_System_bodies_(H)" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude (H)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3.774±0.021<a href="#cite_note-Alvarez-Candal2016-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Verbiscer2022-12">[12]</a> 3.6 (assumed)<a href="#cite_note-jpldata-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> 28978 Ixion (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪkˈsaɪ.ən/</a>, provisional designation 2001 KX76) is a large <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian object</a> and a <a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">possible</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a>. It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a>, a region of icy objects orbiting beyond <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> in the outer <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. Ixion is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">plutino</a>, a dynamical class of objects in a 2:3 <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">orbital resonance</a> with <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>. It was discovered in May 2001 by astronomers of the <a href="/wiki/Deep_Ecliptic_Survey" title="Deep Ecliptic Survey">Deep Ecliptic Survey</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Tololo_Inter-American_Observatory" title="Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory">Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory</a>, and was announced in July 2001. The object is named after the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythological</a> figure <a href="/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion">Ixion</a>, who was a king of the <a href="/wiki/Lapiths" title="Lapiths">Lapiths</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Visible_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible light">visible light</a>, Ixion appears dark and <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object#Colors" title="Trans-Neptunian object">moderately red</a> in color due to <a href="/wiki/Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">organic compounds</a> covering its surface. Water <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a> has been suspected to be present on Ixion's surface, but may exist in trace amounts hidden underneath a thick layer of organic compounds. Ixion has a measured diameter of 710 km (440 mi), making it the fourth-largest known plutino. Several astronomers have considered Ixion to be a <a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">possible dwarf planet</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Tancredi2008-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown-dplist-19">[19]</a> whereas others consider it a transitional object between irregularly-shaped <a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_bodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Solar System bodies">small Solar System bodies</a> and spherical dwarf planets.<a href="#cite_note-Grundy2019-20">[20]</a> Ixion is currently not known to have a <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">natural satellite</a>, so its mass and density remain unknown. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery">Discovery</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discovery">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4m-Victor_M._Blanco_Telescope_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/4m-Victor_M._Blanco_Telescope_cropped.jpg/220px-4m-Victor_M._Blanco_Telescope_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/4m-Victor_M._Blanco_Telescope_cropped.jpg/330px-4m-Victor_M._Blanco_Telescope_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/4m-Victor_M._Blanco_Telescope_cropped.jpg/440px-4m-Victor_M._Blanco_Telescope_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2149" data-file-height="2149" /></a><figcaption>Ixion was discovered with the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_M._Blanco_Telescope" title="Víctor M. Blanco Telescope">Víctor M. Blanco Telescope</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Tololo_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerro Tololo Observatory">Cerro Tololo Observatory</a></figcaption></figure> Ixion was discovered on 22 May 2001 by a team of American astronomers at the <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Tololo_Inter-American_Observatory" title="Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory">Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAO-news-21">[21]</a> The discovery formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Deep_Ecliptic_Survey" title="Deep Ecliptic Survey">Deep Ecliptic Survey</a>, a survey conducted by American astronomer <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Millis" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert L. Millis">Robert Millis</a> to search for <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiper belt object">Kuiper belt objects</a> located near the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecliptic plane">ecliptic plane</a> using telescopes at the facilities of the <a href="/wiki/National_Optical_Astronomy_Observatory" title="National Optical Astronomy Observatory">National Optical Astronomy Observatory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DES-list-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAO-news-21">[21]</a> On the night of 22 May 2001, American astronomers <a href="/wiki/James_L._Elliot" title="James L. Elliot">James Elliot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_H._Wasserman" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence H. Wasserman">Lawrence Wasserman</a> identified Ixion in digital images of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_celestial_hemisphere" title="Southern celestial hemisphere">southern sky</a> taken with the 4-meter <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_M._Blanco_Telescope" title="Víctor M. Blanco Telescope">Víctor M. Blanco Telescope</a> at Cerro Tololo.<a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2001-N01-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAO-news-21">[21]</a> Ixion was first noted by Elliot while compiling two images taken approximately two hours apart,<a href="#cite_note-DES-stats-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAO-news-21">[21]</a> which revealed Ixion's slow motion relative to the background stars.<a href="#cite_note-25">[a]</a> At the time of discovery, Ixion was located in the <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scorpius" title="Scorpius">Scorpius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[b]</a> The discoverers of Ixion noted that it appeared relatively bright for a distant object, implying that it might be rather large for a TNO.<a href="#cite_note-NOAO-news-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-28">[26]</a> The discovery supported suggestions that there were undiscovered large trans-Neptunian objects comparable in size to Pluto.<a href="#cite_note-NOAO-news-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-ESO-29">[27]</a> Since Ixion's discovery, numerous large trans-Neptunian objects, notably the <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planets</a> <a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a>, have been discovered; in particular, Eris is almost the same size as Pluto.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-dplist-19">[19]</a> The discovery of Ixion was formally announced by the <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center#Publications" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Electronic Circular</a> on 1 July 2001.<a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2001-N01-23">[23]</a> It was given the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional designation">provisional designation</a> 2001 KX76, indicating that it was discovered in the second half of May 2001. Ixion was the 1,923rd object discovered in the latter half of May, as indicated by the last letter and numbers in its provisional designation.<a href="#cite_note-31">[c]</a> At the time of discovery, Ixion was thought to be among the largest trans-Neptunian objects in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>, as implied by its high <a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">intrinsic brightness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NOAO-news-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-28">[26]</a> These characteristics of Ixion prompted follow-up observations in order to ascertain its orbit, which would in turn improve the certainty of later size estimates of Ixion.<a href="#cite_note-IAUC7657-32">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-ESO-29">[27]</a> In August 2001, a team of astronomers used the <a href="/wiki/European_Southern_Observatory" title="European Southern Observatory">European Southern Observatory</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Astrovirtel" title="Astrovirtel">Astrovirtel</a> <a href="/wiki/Virtual_observatory" title="Virtual observatory">virtual observatory</a> to automatically scan through archival <a href="/wiki/Precovery" title="Precovery">precovery</a> photographs obtained from various observatories.<a href="#cite_note-ESO-29">[27]</a> The team obtained nine precovery images of Ixion, with the earliest taken by the <a href="/wiki/Siding_Spring_Observatory" title="Siding Spring Observatory">Siding Spring Observatory</a> on 17 July 1982.<a href="#cite_note-MPS32834-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2001-P28-34">[31]</a> These precovery images along with subsequent follow-up observations with the <a href="/wiki/La_Silla_Observatory" title="La Silla Observatory">La Silla Observatory</a>'s 2.2-meter <a href="/wiki/MPG/ESO_telescope" title="MPG/ESO telescope">MPG/ESO telescope</a> in 2001 extended Ixion's <a href="/wiki/Observation_arc" title="Observation arc">observation arc</a> by over 18 years, sufficient for its orbit to be accurately determined and eligible for numbering by the Minor Planet Center.<a href="#cite_note-ESO-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2001-P28-34">[31]</a> Ixion was given the permanent <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor planet number">minor planet number</a> 28978 on 2 September 2001.<a href="#cite_note-MPC43346-35">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name">Name</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ESO_asteroid_2001_KX76_phot-27a-01-normal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/ESO_asteroid_2001_KX76_phot-27a-01-normal.jpg/220px-ESO_asteroid_2001_KX76_phot-27a-01-normal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/ESO_asteroid_2001_KX76_phot-27a-01-normal.jpg/330px-ESO_asteroid_2001_KX76_phot-27a-01-normal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/ESO_asteroid_2001_KX76_phot-27a-01-normal.jpg/440px-ESO_asteroid_2001_KX76_phot-27a-01-normal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>Ixion imaged by the <a href="/wiki/MPG/ESO_telescope" title="MPG/ESO telescope">MPG/ESO telescope</a>'s Wide Field Imager at the <a href="/wiki/La_Silla_Observatory" title="La Silla Observatory">La Silla Observatory</a> in 2001<a href="#cite_note-ESO-29">[27]</a></figcaption></figure> This minor planet is named after the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythological</a> figure <a href="/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion">Ixion</a>, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a>'s (IAU's) naming convention which requires <a href="/wiki/Plutinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutinos">plutinos</a> (objects in a 3:2 <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">orbital resonance</a> with <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>) to be named after mythological figures associated with the <a href="/wiki/Underworld" title="Underworld">underworld</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nomenclature-36">[33]</a> In Greek mythology, Ixion was the king of the legendary <a href="/wiki/Lapiths" title="Lapiths">Lapiths</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> and had married <a href="/wiki/Dia_(mythology)" title="Dia (mythology)">Dia</a>, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Deioneus" title="Deioneus">Deioneus</a> (or Eioneus), whom Ixion promised to give valuable bridal gifts.<a href="#cite_note-Graves-myths-37">[34]</a> Ixion invited Deioneus to a banquet but instead pushed him into a pitfall of burning coals and wood, killing Deioneus. Although the lesser gods despised his actions, <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> pitied Ixion and invited him to a banquet with other gods.<a href="#cite_note-Graves-myths-37">[34]</a> Rather than being grateful, Ixion became lustful towards Zeus's wife, <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a>. Zeus found out about his intentions and created the cloud <a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a> in the shape of Hera, and tricked Ixion into coupling with it, fathering the race of <a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaurs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Graves-myths-37">[34]</a> For his crimes, Ixion was expelled from Olympus, blasted with a <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt" title="Thunderbolt">thunderbolt</a>, and bound to a <a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_fire" title="Wheel of fire">burning solar wheel</a> in the underworld for all eternity.<a href="#cite_note-Schmadel2006-38">[35]</a> The name for Ixion was suggested by E. K. Elliot, who was also involved in the naming of Kuiper belt object <a href="/wiki/38083_Rhadamanthus" title="38083 Rhadamanthus">38083 Rhadamanthus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jpldata-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmadel2006-38">[35]</a> The naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 March 2002.<a href="#cite_note-MPC45236-39">[36]</a> The usage of <a href="/wiki/Planetary_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary symbol">planetary symbols</a> is discouraged in astronomy, so Ixion never received a symbol in the astronomical literature. There is no standard symbol for Ixion used by astrologers either. Sandy Turnbull proposed a symbol for Ixion (<a href="/wiki/File:Ixion_symbol_(Latin,_fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ixion_symbol_%28Latin%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Ixion_symbol_%28Latin%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ixion_symbol_%28Latin%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Ixion_symbol_%28Latin%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ixion_symbol_%28Latin%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/32px-Ixion_symbol_%28Latin%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a>), which includes the initials I and X as well as depicts the solar wheel that Ixion was bound to in Tartarus. Denis Moskowitz, a software engineer in Massachusetts who designed the symbols for most of the dwarf planets, substitutes the Greek letter iota (Ι) and xi (Ξ) for I and X, creating a variant (<a href="/wiki/File:Ixion_symbol_(Greek,_fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/32px-Ixion_symbol_%28Greek%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a>). These symbols are occasionally mentioned on astrological websites, but are not used broadly.<a href="#cite_note-miller-40">[37]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbit_and_rotation">Orbit and rotation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Orbit and rotation">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:458px;max-width:458px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Plutino-orbits_with_2017OF69.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Plutino-orbits_with_2017OF69.png/150px-Plutino-orbits_with_2017OF69.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Plutino-orbits_with_2017OF69.png/225px-Plutino-orbits_with_2017OF69.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Plutino-orbits_with_2017OF69.png/300px-Plutino-orbits_with_2017OF69.png 2x" data-file-width="3585" data-file-height="3594" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Polar view of Ixion's orbit (green) along with several other large <a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">plutinos</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:TheKuiperBelt_Orbits_Ixion2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/TheKuiperBelt_Orbits_Ixion2.svg/300px-TheKuiperBelt_Orbits_Ixion2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/TheKuiperBelt_Orbits_Ixion2.svg/450px-TheKuiperBelt_Orbits_Ixion2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/TheKuiperBelt_Orbits_Ixion2.svg/600px-TheKuiperBelt_Orbits_Ixion2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Side view of Ixion's orbit (green) compared to <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> (red) and <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> (grey). The <a href="/wiki/Perihelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion">perihelion</a> (q) and <a href="/wiki/Aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelion">aphelion</a> (Q) dates are shown for both Pluto and Ixion.</div></div></div></div></div> Ixion is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">plutino</a>, a large population of <a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">resonant trans-Neptunian objects</a> in a 2:3 <a href="/wiki/Mean_motion" title="Mean motion">mean-motion</a> <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">orbital resonance</a> with Neptune.<a href="#cite_note-41">[d]</a> Thus, Ixion completes two orbits around the Sun for every three orbits that Neptune takes.<a href="#cite_note-Buie-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Licandro2002-42">[38]</a> At the time of Ixion's discovery, it was initially thought to be in a 3:4 orbital resonance with Neptune, which would have made Ixion closer to the Sun.<a href="#cite_note-NOAO-news-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-28">[26]</a> Ixion orbits the Sun at an average distance of 39.8 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> (5.95 billion km; 3.70 billion mi), taking 251 years to complete a full orbit.<a href="#cite_note-jpldata-2">[2]</a> This is characteristic of all plutinos, which have orbital periods around 250 years and <a href="/wiki/Semi-major_axes" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-major axes">semi-major axes</a> around 39 AU.<a href="#cite_note-johnston-list-43">[39]</a> Like Pluto, Ixion's orbit is elongated and inclined to the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-johnston-list-43">[39]</a> Ixion has an <a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">orbital eccentricity</a> of 0.24 and an <a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">orbital inclination</a> of 19.6 <a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degrees</a>, slightly greater than Pluto's inclination of 17 degrees.<a href="#cite_note-jpldata-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-johnston-list-43">[39]</a> Over the course of its orbit, Ixion's distance from the Sun varies from 30 AU at <a href="/wiki/Perihelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion">perihelion</a> (closest distance) to 49.6 AU at <a href="/wiki/Aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelion">aphelion</a> (farthest distance).<a href="#cite_note-jpldata-2">[2]</a> Although Ixion's orbit is similar to that of Pluto, their orbits are oriented differently: Ixion's perihelion is below the ecliptic whereas Pluto's is above it (see right image). As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit">[update]</a>, Ixion is approximately 39 AU from the Sun and is currently moving closer, approaching perihelion by 2070.<a href="#cite_note-jpldata-2">[2]</a> Simulations by the Deep Ecliptic Survey show that Ixion can acquire a perihelion distance (qmin) as small as 27.5 AU over the next 10 million years.<a href="#cite_note-Buie-4">[4]</a> The rotation period of Ixion is uncertain; various photometric measurements suggest that it displays very little variation in brightness, with a small <a href="/wiki/Light_curve" title="Light curve">light curve</a> <a href="/wiki/Amplitude" title="Amplitude">amplitude</a> of less than 0.15 <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy)">magnitudes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Galiazzo2016-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rousselot2010-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ortiz2003-44">[40]</a> Initial attempts to determine Ixion's rotation period were conducted by astronomer <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Ortiz_Moreno" title="José Luis Ortiz Moreno">Ortiz</a> and colleagues in 2001 but yielded inconclusive results. Although their short-term photometric data was insufficient for Ixion's rotation period to be determined based on its brightness variations, they were able to constrain Ixion's light curve amplitude below 0.15 magnitudes.<a href="#cite_note-Boehnhardt2004-45">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ortiz2003-44">[40]</a> Astronomers <a href="/wiki/Scott_S._Sheppard" title="Scott S. Sheppard">Sheppard</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_C._Jewitt" title="David C. Jewitt">Jewitt</a> obtained similarly inconclusive results in 2003 and provided an amplitude constraint less than 0.05 magnitudes, considerably less than Ortiz's amplitude constraint.<a href="#cite_note-Sheppard2003-46">[42]</a> In 2010, astronomers Rousselot and Petit observed Ixion with the European Southern Observatory's <a href="/wiki/New_Technology_Telescope" title="New Technology Telescope">New Technology Telescope</a> and determined Ixion's rotation period to be 15.9±0.5 hours, with a light curve amplitude around 0.06 magnitudes.<a href="#cite_note-Rousselot2010-11">[11]</a> Galiazzo and colleagues obtained a shorter rotation period of 12.4±0.3 hours in 2016, though they calculated that there is a 1.2% probability that their result may be erroneous.<a href="#cite_note-Galiazzo2016-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size_and_brightness">Size and brightness</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Size and brightness">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatleft" style="text-align: center; font-size: 0.9em; margin-right: 12px;"> <caption>Size estimates for Ixion </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Diameter (km)</th> <th>Refs </th></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>1055±165 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Planck-47">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td><804 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Altenhoff2004-48">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td><822 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Grundy2005-49">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>475±75 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Stansberry2005-50">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>480+152 −136 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Cruikshank2005-51">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>~446.3 (Spitzer 1-Band) </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Stansberry2008-52">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>573.1+141.9 −139.7 (Spitzer 2-Band) </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Stansberry2008-52">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>650+260 −220 (adopted) </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Stansberry2008-52">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>590±190 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Brown2008-53">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>~549 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Mommert2013-54">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>617+19 −20 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TNOsCool9-55">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>709.6±0.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Levine2021-9">[9]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ThePlutinos_Size_Albedo_Color2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/ThePlutinos_Size_Albedo_Color2.svg/170px-ThePlutinos_Size_Albedo_Color2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/ThePlutinos_Size_Albedo_Color2.svg/255px-ThePlutinos_Size_Albedo_Color2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/ThePlutinos_Size_Albedo_Color2.svg/340px-ThePlutinos_Size_Albedo_Color2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of the relative colors and sizes of the four largest plutinos and their moons</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ixion-Spitzer2007.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ixion-Spitzer2007.gif/170px-Ixion-Spitzer2007.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ixion-Spitzer2007.gif/255px-Ixion-Spitzer2007.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ixion-Spitzer2007.gif/340px-Ixion-Spitzer2007.gif 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Different diameters for Ixion depending on its <a href="/wiki/Albedo#Astronomical_albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a></figcaption></figure> Ixion has a measured diameter of 710 km (440 mi), with an optical <a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">absolute magnitude</a> of 3.77 and a <a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric albedo</a> (reflectivity) of 0.11.<a href="#cite_note-Levine2021-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Verbiscer2022-12">[12]</a> Compared to <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> and its moon <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a>, Ixion is less than one-third the diameter of Pluto and three-fifths the diameter of Charon.<a href="#cite_note-57">[e]</a> Ixion is the fourth-largest known <a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">plutino</a> that has a well-constrained diameter, preceding <a href="/wiki/2003_AZ84" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 AZ84">2003 AZ84</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a>, and Pluto.<a href="#cite_note-johnston-list-43">[39]</a> It was the intrinsically brightest object discovered by the Deep Ecliptic Survey<a href="#cite_note-Buie2003-58">[53]</a> and is among the twenty brightest trans-Neptunian objects known according to astronomer <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Michael Brown</a> and the Minor Planet Center.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-dplist-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC-TNOs-59">[54]</a> Ixion was the largest and brightest Kuiper belt object found when it was discovered.<a href="#cite_note-Buie2003-58">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAO-news-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-IAUC7657-32">[29]</a> Under the assumption of a low albedo, it was presumed to have a diameter around 1,200 km (750 mi), which would have made it larger than the dwarf planet <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> and comparable in size to Charon.<a href="#cite_note-NOAO-news-21">[21]</a> Subsequent observations of Ixion with the La Silla Observatory's MPG/ESO telescope along with the European Southern Observatory's Astrovirtel in August 2001 concluded a similar size around 1,200–1,400 km (750–870 mi), though under the former assumption of a low albedo.<a href="#cite_note-ESO-29">[27]</a> In 2002, astronomers of the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Radio_Astronomy" title="Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy">Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy</a> measured Ixion's <a href="/wiki/Thermal_emission" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal emission">thermal emission</a> at <a href="/wiki/1-millimeter_band" title="1-millimeter band">millimeter wavelengths</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IRAM_30m_telescope" title="IRAM 30m telescope">IRAM 30m telescope</a> and obtained an albedo of 0.09, corresponding to a diameter of 1,055 km (656 mi), consistent with previous assumptions of Ixion's size and albedo.<a href="#cite_note-Planck-47">[43]</a> They later reevaluated their results in 2003 and realized that their detection of Ixion's <a href="/wiki/Thermal_emission" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal emission">thermal emission</a> was spurious; follow-up observations with the IRAM telescope did not detect any thermal emission within the millimeter range at <a href="/wiki/Frequencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequencies">frequencies</a> of 250 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">GHz</a>, implying a high albedo and consequently a smaller size for Ixion. The lower limit for Ixion's albedo was constrained at 0.15, suggesting that Ixion's diameter did not exceed 804 km (500 mi).<a href="#cite_note-Altenhoff2004-48">[44]</a> With space-based telescopes such as the <a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a>, astronomers were able to more accurately measure Ixion's thermal emissions, allowing for more accurate estimates of its albedo and size.<a href="#cite_note-JewittKBOs-60">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stansberry2008-52">[48]</a> Preliminary thermal measurements with Spitzer in 2005 yielded a much higher albedo constraint of 0.25–0.50, corresponding to a diameter range of 400–550 km (250–340 mi).<a href="#cite_note-Stansberry2005-50">[46]</a> Further Spitzer thermal measurements at multiple wavelength ranges (bands) in 2007 yielded mean diameter estimates around 446 km (277 mi) and 573 km (356 mi) for a single-band and two-band solution for the data, respectively. From these results, the adopted mean diameter was 650+260 −220 km (404+162 −137 mi), just beyond Spitzer's 2005 diameter constraint albeit having a large margin of error.<a href="#cite_note-Stansberry2008-52">[48]</a> Ixion's diameter was later revised to 617 km (383 mi), based on multi-band thermal observations by the <a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel Space Observatory</a> along with Spitzer in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-TNOsCool9-55">[51]</a> On 13 October 2020, Ixion <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occulted</a> a 10th magnitude <a href="/wiki/Red_giant" title="Red giant">red giant</a> star (star Gaia DR2 4056440205544338944), blocking out its light for a duration of approximately 45 seconds.<a href="#cite_note-Levine2021-9">[9]</a> The stellar occultation was observed by astronomers from seven different sites across the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">western United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Levine2021-9">[9]</a> Of the ten participating observers, eight of them reported positive detections of the occultation.<a href="#cite_note-Occ-profile-20201013-8">[8]</a> Observers from the <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory" title="Lowell Observatory">Lowell Observatory</a> provided highly precise measurements of the occultation <a href="/wiki/Chord_(astronomy)" title="Chord (astronomy)">chord</a> timing, allowing for tight constraints to Ixion's diameter and possible <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>. An elliptical fit for Ixion's occultation profile gives projected dimensions of approximately 757 km × 685 km (470 mi × 426 mi), corresponding to a projected spherical diameter of 709.6 ± 0.2 km (440.92 ± 0.12 mi). The precise Lowell Observatory chords place an upper limit <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure#Surface_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">surface pressure</a> of <2 <a href="/wiki/Microbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbar">microbars</a> for any possible atmosphere of Ixion.<a href="#cite_note-Levine2021-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Possible_dwarf_planet">Possible dwarf planet</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Possible dwarf planet">edit</a>]</div> Astronomer <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Tancredi" title="Gonzalo Tancredi">Gonzalo Tancredi</a> considers Ixion as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_dwarf-planet_candidates#Probable_per_Tancredi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dwarf-planet candidates">likely candidate</a> as it has a diameter greater than 450 km (280 mi), the estimated minimum size for an object to achieve <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">hydrostatic equilibrium</a>, under the assumption of a predominantly icy composition.<a href="#cite_note-Tancredi2010-61">[56]</a> Ixion also displays a <a href="/wiki/Light_curve" title="Light curve">light curve</a> <a href="/wiki/Amplitude" title="Amplitude">amplitude</a> less than 0.15 <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy)">magnitudes</a>, indicative of a likely <a href="/wiki/Spheroid" title="Spheroid">spheroidal</a> shape, hence why Tancredi considered Ixion as a likely dwarf planet.<a href="#cite_note-Tancredi2008-18">[18]</a> American astronomer Michael Brown considers Ixion to <a href="/wiki/List_of_dwarf-planet_candidates#Probable_per_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dwarf-planet candidates">highly likely</a> be a dwarf planet, placing it at the lower end of the "highly likely" range.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-dplist-19">[19]</a> However, in 2019, astronomer William Grundy and colleagues proposed that trans-Neptunian objects similar in size to Ixion, around 400–1,000 km (250–620 mi) in diameter, have not collapsed into solid bodies and are thus transitional between smaller, porous (and thus low-density) bodies and larger, denser, brighter and geologically differentiated planetary bodies such as dwarf planets. Ixion is situated within this size range, suggesting that it is at most only partially <a href="/wiki/Planetary_differentiation" title="Planetary differentiation">differentiated</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Porosity" title="Porosity">porous</a> internal structure. While Ixion's interior may have collapsed gravitationally, its surface remained uncompressed, implying that Ixion might not be in hydrostatic equilibrium and thus not a dwarf planet.<a href="#cite_note-Grundy2019-20">[20]</a> However, this notion for Ixion cannot currently be tested: the object is not currently known to have any <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">natural satellites</a>, and thus Ixion's mass and density cannot currently be measured. Only two attempts with the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> have been made to find a satellite within an <a href="/wiki/Angular_distance" title="Angular distance">angular distance</a> of 0.5 <a href="/wiki/Arcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcsecond">arcseconds</a> from Ixion,<a href="#cite_note-Hubble2005-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hubble2001-62">[57]</a> and it has been suggested that there is a chance as high as 0.5% that a satellite may have been missed in these searches.<a href="#cite_note-Brown2008-53">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spectra_and_surface">Spectra and surface</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spectra and surface">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trans-Neptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Trans-Neptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg/330px-Trans-Neptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Trans-Neptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg/495px-Trans-Neptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Trans-Neptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg/660px-Trans-Neptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="251" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of sizes, albedo, and colors of various large trans-Neptunian objects with sizes of >700 km. The dark colored arcs represent uncertainties of the object's size.</figcaption></figure> The surface of Ixion is very dark and unevolved, resembling those of smaller, primitive Kuiper belt objects such as <a href="/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth">Arrokoth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Verbiscer2022-12">[12]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">visible spectrum</a>, Ixion appears <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object#Colors" title="Trans-Neptunian object">moderately red</a> in color, similar to the large Kuiper belt object <a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marchi2003-63">[58]</a> Ixion's <a href="/wiki/Reflectance" title="Reflectance">reflectance</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectrum" title="Spectrum">spectrum</a> displays a red <a href="/wiki/Spectral_slope" title="Spectral slope">spectral slope</a> that extends from <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> of 0.4 to 0.95 <a href="/wiki/%CE%9Cm" class="mw-redirect" title="Μm">μm</a>, in which it reflects more light at these wavelengths. Longward of 0.85 μm, Ixion's spectrum becomes flat and featureless, especially at <a href="/wiki/Near-infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-infrared">near-infrared</a> wavelengths.<a href="#cite_note-Marchi2003-63">[58]</a> In the near-infrared, Ixion's reflectance spectrum appears neutral in color and lacks apparent <a href="/wiki/Spectral_line" title="Spectral line">absorption signatures</a> of water <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> of 1.5 and 2 μm.<a href="#cite_note-Licandro2002-42">[38]</a> Although water ice appears to be absent in Ixion's near-infrared spectrum, Barkume and colleagues have reported a detection of weak absorption signatures of water ice in Ixion's near-infrared spectrum in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-Barkume2007-64">[59]</a> Ixion's featureless near-infrared spectrum indicates that its surface is covered with a thick layer of dark <a href="/wiki/Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">organic compounds</a> irradiated by <a href="/wiki/Solar_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar radiation">solar radiation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">cosmic rays</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Licandro2002-42">[38]</a> The red color of Ixion's surface originates from the irradiation of water- and organic-containing <a href="/wiki/Clathrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Clathrate">clathrates</a> by solar radiation and cosmic rays, which produces dark, reddish <a href="/wiki/Heteropolymer" class="mw-redirect" title="Heteropolymer">heteropolymers</a> called <a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">tholins</a> that cover its surface.<a href="#cite_note-Boehnhardt2004-45">[41]</a> The production of tholins on Ixion's surface is responsible for Ixion's red, featureless spectrum as well as its low surface albedo. Ixion's neutral near-infrared color and apparent lack of water ice indicates that it has a thick layer of tholins covering its surface, suggesting that Ixion has undergone long-term irradiation and has not experienced resurfacing by <a href="/wiki/Impact_events" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact events">impact events</a> that may otherwise expose water ice underneath.<a href="#cite_note-Barucci2008-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Licandro2002-42">[38]</a> While Ixion is generally known to have a red color, visible and near-infrared observations by the <a href="/wiki/Very_Large_Telescope" title="Very Large Telescope">Very Large Telescope</a> (VLT) in 2006 and 2007 paradoxically found a bluer color.<a href="#cite_note-DeMeo2009-65">[60]</a> This discrepancy was concluded to be an indication of <a href="/wiki/Heterogeneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterogeneity">heterogeneities</a> across its surface, which may also explain the conflicting detections of water ice in various studies.<a href="#cite_note-DeMeo2009-65">[60]</a> In 2003, VLT observations tentatively resolved a weak absorption feature at 0.8 μm in Ixion's spectrum, which could possibly be attributed to surface materials <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueously</a> altered by water. However, it was not confirmed in a follow-up study by Boehnhardt and colleagues in 2004, concluding that the discrepancy between the 2003 and 2004 spectroscopic results may be the result of Ixion's heterogenous surface.<a href="#cite_note-Boehnhardt2004-45">[41]</a> In that same study, their results from photometric and <a href="/wiki/Polarimetric" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarimetric">polarimetric</a> observations suggest that Ixion's surface consists of a mixture of mostly dark material and a smaller proportion of brighter, icy material. Boehnhardt and colleagues suggested a mixing ratio of 6:1 for dark and bright material as a best-fit model for a geometric albedo of 0.08.<a href="#cite_note-Boehnhardt2004-45">[41]</a> Based on combined visible and infrared spectroscopic results, they suggested that Ixion's surface consists of a mixture largely of <a href="/wiki/Amorphous_carbon" title="Amorphous carbon">amorphous carbon</a> and tholins, with the following best-fit model of Ixion's surface composition: 65% amorphous carbon, 20% <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">cometary</a> ice tholins (ice tholin II), 13% <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>-rich <a href="/wiki/Tholin#Titan" title="Tholin">Titan tholins</a>, and 2% water ice.<a href="#cite_note-Boehnhardt2004-45">[41]</a> In 2005, astronomers Lorin and Rousselot observed Ixion with the VLT in attempt to search for evidence of cometary activity. They did not detect a <a href="/wiki/Coma_(cometary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coma (cometary)">coma</a> around Ixion, placing an upper limit of 5.2 kilograms per second for Ixion's dust production rate.<a href="#cite_note-Lorin2007-66">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploration">Exploration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exploration">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Horizons (spacecraft)">New Horizons</a> spacecraft, which successfully flew by Pluto in 2015, observed Ixion from afar using its <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Reconnaissance_Imager" title="Long Range Reconnaissance Imager">long range imager</a> on 13 and 14 July 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Verbiscer2022-12">[12]</a> The spacecraft detected Ixion at magnitude 20.2 from a range of 15 AU (2.2 billion km; 1.4 billion mi), and was able to observe it from a high <a href="/wiki/Phase_angle_(astronomy)" title="Phase angle (astronomy)">phase angle</a> of 64 degrees, enabling the determination of the light scattering properties and photometric <a href="/wiki/Phase_curve_(astronomy)" title="Phase curve (astronomy)">phase curve</a> behavior of its surface.<a href="#cite_note-Verbiscer2022-12">[12]</a> In a study published by Ashley Gleaves and colleagues in 2012, Ixion was considered as a potential target for an <a href="/wiki/Orbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbiter">orbiter</a> mission concept, which would be launched on an <a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V 551</a> or <a href="/wiki/Delta_IV" title="Delta IV">Delta IV HLV</a> rocket. For an orbiter mission to Ixion, the spacecraft have a launch date in November 2039 and use a <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assist</a> from Jupiter, taking 20 to 25 years to arrive.<a href="#cite_note-Gleaves2012-67">[62]</a> Gleaves concluded that Ixion and <a href="/wiki/38628_Huya" title="38628 Huya">Huya</a> were the most feasible targets for the orbiter, as the trajectories required the fewest maneuvers for <a href="/wiki/Orbital_insertion" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital insertion">orbital insertion</a> around either.<a href="#cite_note-Gleaves2012-67">[62]</a> For a <a href="/wiki/Flyby_(spaceflight)" title="Flyby (spaceflight)">flyby</a> mission to Ixion, <a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">planetary scientist</a> Amanda Zangari calculated that a spacecraft could take just over 10 years to arrive at Ixion using a Jupiter gravity assist, based on a launch date of 2027 or 2032. Ixion would be approximately 31 to 35 AU from the Sun when the spacecraft arrives. Alternatively, a flyby mission with a later launch date of 2040 would also take just over 10 years, using a Jupiter gravity assist. By the time the spacecraft arrives in 2050, Ixion would be approximately 31 to 32 AU from the Sun.<a href="#cite_note-Zangari2018-68">[63]</a> Other trajectories using gravity assists from Jupiter or Saturn have been also considered. A trajectory using gravity assists from Jupiter and Saturn could take under 22 years, based a launch date of 2035 or 2040, whereas a trajectory using one gravity assist from Saturn could take at least 19 years, based on a launch date of 2038 or 2040. Using these alternative trajectories for the spacecraft, Ixion would be approximately 30 AU from the Sun when the spacecraft arrives.<a href="#cite_note-Zangari2018-68">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> The Minor Planet Electronic Circular published in July 2001 lists two coordinates of Ixion taken from the two recorded observations at Cerro Tololo (<a href="/wiki/Observatory_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Observatory code">observatory code</a> 806) on 22 May 2001. The time between the first and second observations is 0.08127 days, or approximately 1.95 hours. Within this time interval, Ixion has moved about 0.41 <a href="/wiki/Arcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcsecond">arcseconds</a> from its original position first observed by Cerro Tololo.<a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2001-N01-23">[23]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> The given <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_coordinate_system" title="Equatorial coordinate system">equatorial coordinates</a> of Ixion during 22 May 2001 is 16h 16m 06.12s and −19° 13′ 45.6″,<a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2001-N01-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-5">[5]</a> which is close to the Scorpius constellation's coordinates around 17h and −40°.<a href="#cite_note-Scorpius-coords-26">[25]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> In the convention for minor planet provisional designations, the first letter represents the half-month of the year of discovery while the second letter and numbers indicate the order of discovery within that half-month. In the case for 2001 KX76, the first letter 'K' corresponds to the second half-month of May 2001 while the succeeding letter 'X' indicates that it is the 23rd object discovered on the 77th cycle of discoveries (with 76 cycles completed). Each cycle consists of 25 letters representing discoveries, hence 23 + (76 cycles × 25 letters) = 1,923.<a href="#cite_note-designation-30">[28]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> The plutino classification is named after the dwarf planet <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>, largest member of this group. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> The current estimates of Pluto and Charon's diameters are 2376 km and 1212 km, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Stern2018-56">[52]</a> One-third of Pluto's diameter is 792 km and three-fifths of Charon's diameter is 727 km—compare to Ixion's diameter of 710 km. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hubble2005-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hubble2005_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hubble2005_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown2005" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Michael (July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.stsci.edu/proposal_search.php?id=10545&mission=hst">"Icy planetoids of the outer solar system HST Proposal 10545"</a>. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes. Space Telescope Science Institute: 10545. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005hst..prop10545B">2005hst..prop10545B</a>. Retrieved 30 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mikulski+Archive+for+Space+Telescopes&rft.atitle=Icy+planetoids+of+the+outer+solar+system+HST+Proposal+10545&rft.pages=10545&rft.date=2005-07&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005hst..prop10545B&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.stsci.edu%2Fproposal_search.php%3Fid%3D10545%26mission%3Dhst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A28978+Ixion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpldata-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_2-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2028978">"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 28978 Ixion (2001 KX76)"</a> (2018-06-20 last obs.). <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>. 13 July 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JPL+Small-Body+Database+Browser%3A+28978+Ixion+%282001+KX76%29&rft.pub=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft.date=2019-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fsbdb.cgi%3Fsstr%3D2028978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A28978+Ixion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224163011/https://www.lexico.com/definition/ixion">"Ixion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Ixion">the original</a> on February 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ixion&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FIxion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A28978+Ixion" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Ixion">"Ixion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a>. 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Minneapolis, Minnesota: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2514%2F6.2012-5066">10.2514/6.2012-5066</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781624101823" title="Special:BookSources/9781624101823"><bdi>9781624101823</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=AIAA%2FAAS+Astrodynamics+Specialist+Conference&rft.atitle=A+Survey+of+Mission+Opportunities+to+Trans-Neptunian+Objects+%E2%80%93+Part+II%2C+Orbital+Capture&rft.date=2012-08-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2514%2F6.2012-5066&rft.isbn=9781624101823&rft.aulast=Gleaves&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft.au=Allen%2C+Randall&rft.au=Tupis%2C+Adam&rft.au=Quigley%2C+John&rft.au=Moon%2C+Adam&rft.au=Roe%2C+Eric&rft.au=Spencer%2C+David&rft.au=Youst%2C+Nicholas&rft.au=Lyne%2C+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrace.tennessee.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2518%26context%3Dutk_chanhonoproj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A28978+Ixion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zangari2018-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zangari2018_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zangari2018_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZangariFinleySternTapley2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zangari, Amanda M.; Finley, Tiffany J.; Stern, S. Alan; Tapley, Mark B. (2018). "Return to the Kuiper Belt: Launch Opportunities from 2025 to 2040". Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 56 (3): 919–930. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.07811">1810.07811</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JSpRo..56..919Z">2019JSpRo..56..919Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2514%2F1.A34329">10.2514/1.A34329</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119033012">119033012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Spacecraft+and+Rockets&rft.atitle=Return+to+the+Kuiper+Belt%3A+Launch+Opportunities+from+2025+to+2040&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=919-930&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1810.07811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119033012%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2514%2F1.A34329&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019JSpRo..56..919Z&rft.aulast=Zangari&rft.aufirst=Amanda+M.&rft.au=Finley%2C+Tiffany+J.&rft.au=Stern%2C+S.+Alan&rft.au=Tapley%2C+Mark+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A28978+Ixion" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=28978_Ixion&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap010830.html">Astronomy Picture of the Day–30 August 2001</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iota-es.de/JOA/JOA2018_2.pdf">Beyond Jupiter: The World of Distant Minor Planets – (28978) Ixion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=28978">28978 Ixion</a> at the <a href="/wiki/JPL_Small-Body_Database" title="JPL Small-Body Database">JPL Small-Body Database</a><ul class="noprint"><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=28978&view=C">Close approach</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=28978&view=D">Discovery</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=28978">Ephemeris</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=28978&view=V">Orbit viewer</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=28978&view=O">Orbit parameters</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=28978&view=P">Physical parameters</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trans-Neptunian_objects_navbox" title="Template:Trans-Neptunian objects navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trans-Neptunian_objects_navbox" title="Template talk:Trans-Neptunian objects navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trans-Neptunian_objects_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trans-Neptunian objects navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trans-Neptunian_objects" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">Twotinos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_moon#Trans-Neptunian_objects" title="Minor-planet moon">TNO moons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planets</a> (moons)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" title="Vanth (moon)">Vanth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namaka_(moon)" title="Namaka (moon)">Namaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Ring" title="Haumea">Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weywot_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weywot (moon)">Weywot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar#Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="50000 Quaoar">Rings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">MK2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)" title="Xiangliu (moon)">Xiangliu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedna_(dwarf_planet)" title="Sedna (dwarf planet)">Sedna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" class="mw-redirect" title="90377 Sedna">90377 Sedna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/541132_Lele%C4%81k%C5%ABhonua" title="541132 Leleākūhonua">541132 Leleākūhonua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dwarf_planets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dwarf_planets" title="Template:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dwarf_planets" title="Template talk:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dwarf_planets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dwarf_planets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">List of possible dwarf planets</a></li> <li>Former dwarf planets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoplanet" title="Mesoplanet">Mesoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planemo" class="mw-redirect" title="Planemo">Planemo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Consensus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Ceres" title="Geology of Ceres">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)#Atmosphere" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Atmosphere</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" title="Vanth (moon)">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pluto" title="Geology of Pluto">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Pluto" title="Atmosphere of Pluto">Atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">Moons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea">Moons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Ring" title="Haumea">Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weywot" title="Weywot">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar#Rings" title="Quaoar">Rings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)" title="Xiangliu (moon)">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedna_(dwarf_planet)" title="Sedna (dwarf planet)">Sedna</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_(22381131691)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="836" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/110px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/165px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/220px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Candidate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Hygiea" title="10 Hygiea">Hygiea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/704_Interamnia" title="704 Interamnia">Interamnia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Centaur (small Solar System body)">Centaurs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10199_Chariklo" title="10199 Chariklo">Chariklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2060_Chiron" title="2060 Chiron">Chiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5145_Pholus" title="5145 Pholus">Pholus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(44594)_1999_OX3" title="(44594) 1999 OX3">1999 OX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(501214)_2013_TC146" class="mw-redirect" title="(501214) 2013 TC146">2013 TC146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(523727)_2014_NW65" title="(523727) 2014 NW65">2014 NW65</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/38628_Huya" title="38628 Huya">Huya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(469372)_2001_QF298" title="(469372) 2001 QF298">2001 QF298</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(84719)_2002_VR128" title="(84719) 2002 VR128">2002 VR128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(612533)_2002_XV93" title="(612533) 2002 XV93">2002 XV93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(208996)_2003_AZ84" title="(208996) 2003 AZ84">2003 AZ84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(455502)_2003_UZ413" title="(455502) 2003 UZ413">2003 UZ413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(84922)_2003_VS2" title="(84922) 2003 VS2">2003 VS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(470308)_2007_JH43" title="(470308) 2007 JH43">2007 JH43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_OF69" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 OF69">2017 OF69</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object#1:2_resonance_("twotinos",_period_~330_years)" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">Twotinos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(119979)_2002_WC19" title="(119979) 2002 WC19">2002 WC19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object" title="Classical Kuiper belt object">Cubewanos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19521_Chaos" title="19521 Chaos">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/174567_Varda" title="174567 Varda">Varda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20000_Varuna" title="20000 Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(35671)_1998_SN165" title="(35671) 1998 SN165">1998 SN165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(55565)_2002_AW197" title="(55565) 2002 AW197">2002 AW197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_CY248" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 CY248">2002 CY248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(119951)_2002_KX14" title="(119951) 2002 KX14">2002 KX14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">2002 MS4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(55637)_2002_UX25" title="(55637) 2002 UX25">2002 UX25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(307616)_2003_QW90" class="mw-redirect" title="(307616) 2003 QW90">2003 QW90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(90568)_2004_GV9" title="(90568) 2004 GV9">2004 GV9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(444030)_2004_NT33" title="(444030) 2004 NT33">2004 NT33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(175113)_2004_PF115" title="(175113) 2004 PF115">2004 PF115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(120348)_2004_TY364" title="(120348) 2004 TY364">2004 TY364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(144897)_2004_UX10" title="(144897) 2004 UX10">2004 UX10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(145452)_2005_RN43" title="(145452) 2005 RN43">2005 RN43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(202421)_2005_UQ513" title="(202421) 2005 UQ513">2005 UQ513</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_FX86" title="2010 FX86">2010 FX86</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other KBOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(469306)_1999_CD158" title="(469306) 1999 CD158">1999 CD158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(26375)_1999_DE9" title="(26375) 1999 DE9">1999 DE9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(82075)_2000_YW134" title="(82075) 2000 YW134">2000 YW134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(78799)_2002_XW93" title="(78799) 2002 XW93">2002 XW93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(574372)_2010_JO179" title="(574372) 2010 JO179">2010 JO179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(523645)_2010_VK201" title="(523645) 2010 VK201">2010 VK201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_FW62" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 FW62">2011 FW62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(471288)_2011_GM27" title="(471288) 2011 GM27">2011 GM27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(523671)_2013_FZ27" title="(523671) 2013 FZ27">2013 FZ27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(472271)_2014_UM33" title="(472271) 2014 UM33">2014 UM33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(495603)_2015_AM281" title="(495603) 2015 AM281">2015 AM281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(523794)_2015_RR245" title="(523794) 2015 RR245">2015 RR245</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/229762_G%C7%83k%C3%BAn%C7%81%CA%BCh%C3%B2md%C3%ADm%C3%A0" title="229762 Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà">Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/471143_Dziewanna" title="471143 Dziewanna">Dziewanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(26181)_1996_GQ21" class="mw-redirect" title="(26181) 1996 GQ21">1996 GQ21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(15874)_1996_TL66" title="(15874) 1996 TL66">1996 TL66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(42301)_2001_UR163" title="(42301) 2001 UR163">2001 UR163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(84522)_2002_TC302" title="(84522) 2002 TC302">2002 TC302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(230965)_2004_XA192" title="(230965) 2004 XA192">2004 XA192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(303775)_2005_QU182" title="(303775) 2005 QU182">2005 QU182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(145451)_2005_RM43" title="(145451) 2005 RM43">2005 RM43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_QH181" title="2006 QH181">2006 QH181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(470599)_2008_OG19" title="(470599) 2008 OG19">2008 OG19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_KZ39" title="2010 KZ39">2010 KZ39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(523639)_2010_RE64" title="(523639) 2010 RE64">2010 RE64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(589683)_2010_RF43" title="(589683) 2010 RF43">2010 RF43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_JO179" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 JO179">2010 JO179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_TJ" title="2010 TJ">2010 TJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(445473)_2010_VZ98" title="(445473) 2010 VZ98">2010 VZ98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(532037)_2013_FY27" title="(532037) 2013 FY27">2013 FY27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(543354)_2014_AN55" title="(543354) 2014 AN55">2014 AN55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(523692)_2014_EZ51" title="(523692) 2014 EZ51">2014 EZ51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_UZ224" title="2014 UZ224">2014 UZ224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(523759)_2014_WK509" title="(523759) 2014 WK509">2014 WK509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_KH162" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 KH162">2015 KH162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_RR245" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 RR245">2015 RR245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_FO161" title="2017 FO161">2017 FO161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18">2018 VG18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_DR15" title="2021 DR15">2021 DR15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_LL37" title="2021 LL37">2021 LL37</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(120132)_2003_FY128" title="(120132) 2003 FY128">2003 FY128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(612584)_2003_QX113" title="(612584) 2003 QX113">2003 QX113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(612911)_2004_XR190" title="(612911) 2004 XR190">2004 XR190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(145480)_2005_TB190" title="(145480) 2005 TB190">2005 TB190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(278361)_2007_JJ43" title="(278361) 2007 JJ43">2007 JJ43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(528381)_2008_ST291" title="(528381) 2008 ST291">2008 ST291</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP113</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dwarf_planets" title="Category:Dwarf planets">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15591#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=20028978">JPL SBDB</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=28978">MPC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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