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href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Himalaia" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Himalaia" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Himalaia" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Himalaia" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia_eta_ezaugarri_nagusiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia_eta_ezaugarri_nagusiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografia eta ezaugarri nagusiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia_eta_ezaugarri_nagusiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidrologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hidrologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hidrologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Hidrologia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hidrologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Glaziarrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glaziarrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Glaziarrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glaziarrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lakuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Lakuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klima-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Klima azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tenperatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenperatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tenperatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenperatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Euria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima_aldaketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima_aldaketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Klima aldaketa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima_aldaketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ekologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erlijioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erlijioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Erlijioak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erlijioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ekonomia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Ekonomia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baliabideak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baliabideak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Baliabideak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baliabideak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Himalaia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 183 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-183" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">183 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Himalaja" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%82%E1%88%9B%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%AB_%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD" title="ሂማላያ ተራሮች – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሂማላያ ተራሮች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="हिमालय – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हिमालय" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="هملايا – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هملايا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="هيمالايا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيمالايا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="হিমালয় – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হিমালয়" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB" title="Гьималаял – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Гьималаял" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="हिमालय – awadhiera" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हिमालय" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalay" title="Himalay – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Himalay" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="هیمالیا داغلاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیمالیا داغلاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Гималай тауҙары – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гималай тауҙары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Himalaya" title="Gunung Himalaya – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gunung Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaj%C4%93" title="Himalajē – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Himalajē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%96" title="Гімалаі – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гімалаі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%96" title="Гімалаі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гімалаі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Хималаи – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хималаи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="हिमालय – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हिमालय" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%EA%A9%BB" title="ဟိမဝန္တာႏကောင်ရွေꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဟိမဝန္တာႏကောင်ရွေꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="হিমালয় পর্বতমালা – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিমালয় পর্বতমালা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1" title="ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaji" title="Himalaji – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Himalaji" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Гималайн уула – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Гималайн уула" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Him%C3%A0laia" title="Himàlaia – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Himàlaia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya_S%C4%83ng-m%C4%83h" title="Himalaya Săng-măh – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Himalaya Săng-măh" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Гималай – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гималай" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Himalayas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ھیمالایا – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیمالایا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaia" title="Himalaia – korsikera" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Himalaia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayalar" title="Himalayalar – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Himalayalar" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Him%C3%A1laj" title="Himálaj – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Himálaj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Гималай тăвĕсем – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гималай тăвĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja – behe-sorabiera" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Himalaja" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="behe-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="हिमालय – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="हिमालय" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ། – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ιμαλάια – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιμαλάια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Himalayas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalajo" title="Himalajo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Himalajo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himaalaja" title="Himaalaja – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Himaalaja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="هیمالیا – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیمالیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Himalaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himaalaja" title="Himaalaja – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Himaalaja" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaia" title="Himalaia – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Himalaia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himil%C3%A9ithe" title="Himiléithe – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Himiléithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="喜馬拉雅山脈 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="喜馬拉雅山脈" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaia" title="Himalaia – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Himalaia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himal%C3%A1ia" title="Himaláia – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Himaláia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="हिमालयाचो दोंगरी वाठार – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="हिमालयाचो दोंगरी वाठार" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%AF" title="હિમાલય – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હિમાલય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya_S%C3%A2n-mak" title="Himalaya Sân-mak – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Himalaya Sân-mak" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99%D7%94" title="הימלאיה – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הימלאיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="हिमालय – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिमालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Himalaja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Himalaja" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himal%C3%A1ja" title="Himalája – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Himalája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հիմալայներ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիմալայներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegunungan_Himalaya" title="Pegunungan Himalaya – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pegunungan Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalajafj%C3%B6ll" title="Himalajafjöll – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Himalajafjöll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A4%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="ヒマラヤ山脈 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒマラヤ山脈" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaleyaz" title="Imaleyaz – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Imaleyaz" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="ჰიმალაი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰიმალაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimalay_tawlar%C4%B1" title="Gimalay tawları – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gimalay tawları" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idurar_n_Himalaya" title="Idurar n Himalaya – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Idurar n Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Гималайхэр – kabardiera" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Гималайхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya_p%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Himalaya pʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Himalaya pʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagunungan_Himalaya" title="Pagunungan Himalaya – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Pagunungan Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Гималай – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гималай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF" title="ಹಿಮಾಲಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಿಮಾಲಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%95%BC%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="히말라야산맥 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히말라야산맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Гималайла – karachayera-balkarera" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гималайла" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachayera-balkarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%90%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%8E%DB%81" title="ہِمالیَہ – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہِمالیَہ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AEmalaya" title="Hîmalaya – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hîmalaya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Himalayas" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Гималай – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гималай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaia" title="Himalaia – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Himalaia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Гималаяр – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гималаяр" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaia" title="Himalaia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Himalaia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaia" title="Himalaia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Himalaia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A5" title="ເທືອກເຂົາຫິມະໄລ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເທືອກເຂົາຫິມະໄລ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalajai" title="Himalajai – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Himalajai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaji" title="Himalaji – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Himalaji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="हिमालय – maithilia" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="हिमालय" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Гималаи – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Гималаи" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagunungan_Himalaya" title="Pagunungan Himalaya – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pagunungan Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Хималаи – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хималаи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഹിമാലയം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിമാലയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Гималай – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гималай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="हिमालय – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिमालय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Гималайвлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Гималайвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဟိမဝန္တာ တောင်တန်း – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟိမဝန္တာ တောင်တန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="हिमालय – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिमालय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="हिमालय – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हिमालय" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzi%C5%82gaiitsoh_Honeezk%CA%BCazii" title="Dziłgaiitsoh Honeezkʼazii – navajoera" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dziłgaiitsoh Honeezkʼazii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imalaia" title="Imalaia – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Imalaia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B3%E0%AD%9F" title="ହିମାଳୟ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହିମାଳୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਹਿਮਾਲਿਆ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿਮਾਲਿਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imala%C3%AFa" title="Imalaïa – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Imalaïa" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaje" title="Himalaje – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Himalaje" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ہمالیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہمالیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%90%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="هېمالیا – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هېمالیا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaias" title="Himalaias – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Himalaias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Гималаи – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гималаи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%97" title="Гімалаї – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гімалаї" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="हिमालयः – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हिमालयः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гималаай хайалара – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гималаай хайалара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9" title="ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Himalayas" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="هماليا – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="هماليا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Himalaja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="හිමාලය – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හිමාලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Himalayas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himal%C3%A1je" title="Himaláje – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Himaláje" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Himalaja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja – Inariko samiera" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Himalaja" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inariko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalajet" title="Himalajet – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Himalajet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8" title="Хималаји – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хималаји" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaje" title="Himalaje – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Himalaje" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="இமயமலை – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இமயமலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹಿಮಾಲಯ ಪರ್ವತ ಸಾಲ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಹಿಮಾಲಯ ಪರ್ವತ ಸಾಲ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="హిమాలయాలు – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హిమాలయాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ҳимолой – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳимолой" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="เทือกเขาหิมาลัย – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทือกเขาหิมาลัย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimala%C3%BDlar" title="Gimalaýlar – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gimalaýlar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaj" title="Himalaj – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Himalaj" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayalar" title="Himalayalar – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Himalayalar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гималайлар – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гималайлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA_%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ھىمالايا تاغ تىزمىسى – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىمالايا تاغ تىزمىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%97" title="Гімалаї – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гімалаї" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81_%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%81_%DB%81%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="سلسلہ کوہ ہمالیہ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلسلہ کوہ ہمالیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himolay" title="Himolay – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Himolay" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimalajad" title="Gimalajad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gimalajad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="喜马拉雅山脉 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="喜马拉雅山脉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="ჰიმალაი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰიმალაი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2" title="הימאלייע – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הימאלייע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Himalaya" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megbya_Hijmajlahyajsanh" title="Megbya Hijmajlahyajsanh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Megbya Hijmajlahyajsanh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%80%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵀⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⴰ – amazigera estandarra" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵀⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazigera estandarra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="喜马拉雅山脉 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="喜马拉雅山脉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1" title="喜瑪拉雅山 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="喜瑪拉雅山" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya_Soa%E2%81%BF-l%C3%AAng" title="Himalaya Soaⁿ-lêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Himalaya Soaⁿ-lêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1" title="喜馬拉雅山 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="喜馬拉雅山" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5451#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Himalaia" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Himalaia" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Himalaia"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Himalaia"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Himalaia" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Himalaia" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&oldid=9673595" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Himalaia&id=9673595&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHimalaia"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHimalaia"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Himalaia"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Himalaia&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Himalayas" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5451" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Himalaia&params=29_N_84_E_region:_type:_scale:_dim:_globe:Earth"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°N</span> <span class="longitude">84°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29°N 84°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29; 84</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em;line-height:normal; width:23.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn org" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #e7dcc3; padding:3px;">Himalaia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg/285px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg/428px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg/570px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e7dcc3;">Datu orokorrak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mendi" title="Mendi">Mendirik</a> altuena</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/wiki/Everest" title="Everest">Everest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Garaiera</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;">8.848,86 m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Mota</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/wiki/Mendikate" title="Mendikate">mendikate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Luzera</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;">2.400 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Zabalera</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;">250 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Azalera</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;">600.000 km²</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e7dcc3;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="4" data-lat="29" data-lon="84" data-overlays="["_e0e92a5185d7621ce59cca9d022094261598977f"]" href="/wiki/Berezi:Map/4/29/84/eu"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,29,84,280x250.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Himalaia&revid=9673595&groups=_e0e92a5185d7621ce59cca9d022094261598977f" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,29,84,280x250@2x.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Himalaia&revid=9673595&groups=_e0e92a5185d7621ce59cca9d022094261598977f 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Himalaia&params=29_N_84_E_region:_type:_scale:_dim:_globe:Earth"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°N</span> <span class="longitude">84°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29°N 84°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29; 84</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Honen parte da</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/wiki/Alpetar_gerrikoa" title="Alpetar gerrikoa">Alpetar gerrikoa</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Larger_Himalaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larger Himalaya (sortu gabe)">Larger Himalaya</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18088753?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e7dcc3;">Geologia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Garai_geologiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Garai geologiko">Garaia</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/wiki/Eozeno" title="Eozeno">Eozeno</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Himalaia</b><sup id="cite_ref-Euskaltzaindia171.araua_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euskaltzaindia171.araua-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> hego-erdialdeko <a href="/wiki/Mendikate" title="Mendikate">mendikatea</a> da, <a href="/wiki/Indiako_azpikontinentea" title="Indiako azpikontinentea">Indiako azpikontinentea</a> <a href="/wiki/Tibeteko_goi-lautada" title="Tibeteko goi-lautada">Tibeteko goi-lautadatik</a> bereizten duena. Mendikateak <a href="/wiki/Lurra" title="Lurra">Lurreko</a> gailur altuenetako batzuk ditu, altuena barne, <a href="/wiki/Everest" title="Everest">Everest</a>; itsasoaren mailaren gainetik 7.200 metro baino gehiago dituzten 100 gailur baino gehiago Himalaian daude. </p><p>Himalaiak bost herrialde mugatu edo zeharkatzen ditu: <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Txina" class="mw-redirect" title="Txina">Txina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kaxmir" title="Kaxmir">Kaxmir</a> eskualdeko mendikatearen subiranotasuna India, Pakistan eta Txinak lehiatzen dute<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Himalaiako mendikatea ipar-mendebaldean <a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> mendikateak daude, iparraldean <a href="/wiki/Tibeteko_goi-lautada" title="Tibeteko goi-lautada">Tibeteko goi-lautada</a> eta hegoaldean <a href="/wiki/Indus-Gangesetako_lautada" title="Indus-Gangesetako lautada">Indus-Gangesetako lautada</a>. Munduko ibai nagusietako batzuk, <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarlung_Tsangpo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yarlung Tsangpo (sortu gabe)">Tsangpo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra" title="Brahmaputra">Brahmaputra</a>, Himalaiatik hurbil jaiotzen dira, eta haien drainatze-arro konbinatuak 600 milioi lagun inguru hartzen ditu. 53 milioi pertsona Himalaian bizi dira<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Himalaiak sakonki markatu ditu Asiako hegoaldeko eta <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibeteko</a> kulturak. Himalaiako gailur asko sakratuak dira <a href="/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo">hinduistentzat</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">budistentzat</a>. Hainbat gailur -<a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a> (Indiatik), <a href="/wiki/Gangkhar_Puensum" title="Gangkhar Puensum">Gangkhar Puensum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Machapuchare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Machapuchare (sortu gabe)">Machapuchare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi" title="Nanda Devi">Nanda Devi</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kailash" title="Kailash">Kailash</a> Tibeteko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transhimalaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transhimalaia (sortu gabe)">Transhimalaian</a> igotzea debekatuta dago. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiako_plaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiako plaka (sortu gabe)">Indiako plaka</a> tektonikoaren <a href="/wiki/Subdukzio" title="Subdukzio">subdukzioak</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurasiako_plaka" title="Eurasiako plaka">Eurasiako plaka</a> altxatu zuenean sortu zen<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Himalaiako mendikatea mendebaldetik ekialde-hego-ekialdera zabaltzen da luzera handiko arku batean. Mendebaldeko muga, <a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a>, Indo ibaiaren bihurgunerik iparraldekoenaren hegoaldean dago. Ekialdekoa, <a href="/wiki/Namcha_Barwa" title="Namcha Barwa">Namcha Barwa</a>, Yarlung Tsangpo ibaiaren bihurgune handiaren mendebaldean dago. Mendikatea zabaleran aldatzen da mendebaldetik ekialdera. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izena">Izena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Izena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izena <a href="/wiki/Sanskrito" title="Sanskrito">sanskritotik</a> dator, <span lang="sa">हिमालय</span>, "elurraren etxea"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <span lang="sa">हिम</span> "elurra"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta <span lang="sa">आलय</span> "etxea"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hitzez osatua. Maiz, pluralean erabiltzen da, edo "Himalaia Mendiak" moduan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nepalera" title="Nepalera">Nepaleraz</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindiz</a> <i>Himalaya</i> (<span lang="hi">हिमालय</span>) izena dute, bietan berdin idatzia. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumaoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumaoni (sortu gabe)">Kumaoni</a> hizkuntzan <i>Himāl</i> (हिमाल) deitzen dira. <a href="/wiki/Tibetera" title="Tibetera">Tibeteraz</a> <i>Himalaya</i> (<span lang="bo">ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ་</span>) edo "Elurraren Lurraldea" (<span lang="bo">གངས་ཅན་ལྗོངས་</span>) izena dute. <a href="/wiki/Sinhalera" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinhalera">Sinhaleraz</a> ere <i>Himālaya</i> izena dute (<span lang="si">හිමාලය</span>). <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urduz</a> <i>Himāliya</i> dira (<span lang="ur">سلسلہ کوہ ہمالیہ</span>) eta <a href="/wiki/Bengalera" title="Bengalera">bengalera</a> <i>Himaloy Parvatmala</i> (<span lang="bn">হিমালয় পর্বতমালা</span>). <a href="/wiki/Txinera" title="Txinera">Txineraz</a> <i>Ximalaya</i> ahoskatu ohi da (<a href="/wiki/Txinera_tradizionala" class="mw-redirect" title="Txinera tradizionala">txinera tradizionalez</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">喜馬拉雅山脉</span>; <a href="/wiki/Txinera_sinplifikatua" class="mw-redirect" title="Txinera sinplifikatua">txinera sinplifikatuz</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">喜马拉雅山脉</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyinez</a>: <i>Xǐmǎlāyǎ Shānmài</i>). </p><p>Testu zaharretan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himavan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himavan (sortu gabe)">Himavan</a></i> bezala agertu ohi da, adibidez sanskritoko <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> kontakizun epikoan<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <i>Himavat</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrito" title="Sanskrito">sanskritoz</a>: <span lang="sa">हिमवत्</span>) edo Himavān (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrito" title="Sanskrito">sanskritoz</a>: <span lang="sa">हिमवान्</span>) Himalaiaren pertsonifikazioa den <a href="/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo">hinduismoko</a> jainkoa da. Himaraja (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrito" title="Sanskrito">sanskritoz</a>: <span lang="sa">हिमराज</span>, 'elurraren jauna') edo Parvateshwara (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrito" title="Sanskrito">sanskritoz</a>: <span lang="sa">पर्वतेश्वर</span>, 'mendiaren jauna') bezala agertu ohi da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia_eta_ezaugarri_nagusiak">Geografia eta ezaugarri nagusiak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geografia eta ezaugarri nagusiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geografia eta ezaugarri nagusiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Himalayas_and_allied_ranges_NASA_Landsat_showing_the_eight_thousanders,_annotated_with_major_rivers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Himalayas_and_allied_ranges_NASA_Landsat_showing_the_eight_thousanders%2C_annotated_with_major_rivers.jpg/220px-Himalayas_and_allied_ranges_NASA_Landsat_showing_the_eight_thousanders%2C_annotated_with_major_rivers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Himalayas_and_allied_ranges_NASA_Landsat_showing_the_eight_thousanders%2C_annotated_with_major_rivers.jpg/330px-Himalayas_and_allied_ranges_NASA_Landsat_showing_the_eight_thousanders%2C_annotated_with_major_rivers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Himalayas_and_allied_ranges_NASA_Landsat_showing_the_eight_thousanders%2C_annotated_with_major_rivers.jpg/440px-Himalayas_and_allied_ranges_NASA_Landsat_showing_the_eight_thousanders%2C_annotated_with_major_rivers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3464" data-file-height="2308" /></a><figcaption>Himalaiako mapa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Himalaian hainbat mendilerro paralelo daude. Hegoaldean <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siwalik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siwalik (sortu gabe)">Siwalik</a> Mendiak daude; ondoren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Behe_Himalaiako_Mendilerroa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Behe Himalaiako Mendilerroa (sortu gabe)">Behe Himalaiako Mendilerroa</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia_Handia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himalaia Handia (sortu gabe)">Himalaia Handia</a>, mendirik altuenak dituen erdiko mendilerroa; eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibeteko_Himalaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibeteko Himalaia (sortu gabe)">Tibeteko Himalaia</a> iparraldean<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a> mendilerroa, orokorrean, ez da hartzen Himalaiaren ataltzat. </p><p>Himalaiako mendien bihurgune handiaren erdian daude <a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri" title="Dhaulagiri">Dhaulagiri</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Annapurna" title="Annapurna">Annapurna</a> mendien tontorrak, Nepalen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kali_Gandaki_Arroila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kali Gandaki Arroila (sortu gabe)">Kali Gandaki Arroilak</a> bereizita. Arroilak mendebaldeko eta ekialdeko sekzioetan banatzen du Himalaia, bai ikuspegi ekologikotik, bai orografikotik: Kali Gandakiren gainean dagoen bidea, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kora_La&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kora La (sortu gabe)">Kora La</a>, Himalaiako punturik baxuena da Everest eta <a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">K2</a> artean (Karakorumeko mendilerroaren gailurrik altuena). Annapurnaren ekialdean daude <a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu">Manasluren</a> 8.000 m-ko tontorrak eta, mugaren beste aldean, Tibeten, <a href="/wiki/Shishapangma" title="Shishapangma">Shishapangma</a>. Bi hauen hegoaldean dago <a href="/wiki/Katmandu" title="Katmandu">Katmandu</a>, Nepaleko hiriburua eta Himalaiako hiri handiena daude. <a href="/wiki/Katmanduko_ibarra" title="Katmanduko ibarra">Katmanduko ibarraren</a> ekialdean Bhote/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun_Kosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sun Kosi (sortu gabe)">Sun Kosi</a> ibaiaren bailara dago. Ibaia hau Tibeten jaio eta Nepal eta Txina arteko lurreko bide nagusia da: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Araniko_autobidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Araniko autobidea (sortu gabe)">Araniko autobidea</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Txinako_318_autobide_nazionala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txinako 318 autobide nazionala (sortu gabe)">Txinako 318 autobide nazionala</a>. Ekialderago <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahalangur_Himal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahalangur Himal (sortu gabe)">Mahalangur Himal</a> dago, munduko sei mendi altuenetatik lauekin, besteak beste <a href="/wiki/Cho_Oyu" title="Cho Oyu">Cho Oyu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everest" title="Everest">Everest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Makalu" title="Makalu">Makalu</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khumbu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khumbu (sortu gabe)">Khumbu</a> eskualdea, mendi-ibilietarako ezaguna, hemen dago, Everesterako hego-mendebaldeko sarbideetan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arun_ibaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arun ibaia (sortu gabe)">Arun ibaiak</a> mendi horien iparraldeko hegalak drainatzen ditu, hegoalderantz biratu eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makalu_ibaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makalu ibaia (sortu gabe)">Makalu ibaiaren</a> ekialdean dagoen mendikatera isuri aurretik. </p><p>Nepaleko ekialdeko muturrean, Himalaia <a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a> mendiguneraino iristen da, Indiarekin mugan, munduko hirugarren mendirik altuena, 8.000 m-ko gailurrik ekialdekoena eta Indiako punturik altuena. <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> estatuan dago Kangchenjungaren ekialdeko isurialdea. Antzinako erresuma independentea, Indiatik <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasarako</a> (Tibet) bide nagusian dago, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathu_La&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathu La (sortu gabe)">Nathu La</a> pasabidetik. Sikkimetik ekialdera, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutango</a> erresuma budista zaharra dago. Bhutango mendirik altuena <a href="/wiki/Gangkhar_Puensum" title="Gangkhar Puensum">Gangkhar Puensum</a> da, inoiz igo gabeko munduko mendirik altuena izateko hautagai sendoa. Hemen Himalaia gero eta malkartsuago bihurtzen da, zuhaitzez beteriko haranekin. Himalaiak ipar-ekialderantz biratzen jarraitzen du pixka bat, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> estatu indiarrean eta Tibeten barrena, ekialdeko amaierara iritsi baino lehen, Tibeteko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Namche_Barwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namche Barwa (sortu gabe)">Namche Barwa</a> gailurrean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarlang_Tsangpo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yarlang Tsangpo (sortu gabe)">Yarlang Tsangpo</a> ibaiaren bihurgune handiaren barruan. Tsangpo ibaiaren beste aldean, ekialderantz, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangri_Garpo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kangri Garpo (sortu gabe)">Kangri Garpo</a> mendiak daude. Hala ere, Tsangpoko iparraldean dauden mendi garaiak, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyala_Peri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyala Peri (sortu gabe)">Gyala Peri</a> barne, batzuetan Himalaian ere sartzen dira. </p><p>Mendebalderantz, Dhaulagiritik hasita, Nepaleko mendebaldea urruna da eta ez du mendi handirik, baina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rara_lakua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rara lakua (sortu gabe)">Rara lakua</a> du, Nepaleko lakurik handiena. <a href="/wiki/Karnali_ibaia" title="Karnali ibaia">Karnali ibaia</a> Tibeten jaiotzen da, baina eskualdeko erdigunea zeharkatzen du. Mendebalderago, Indiarekiko mugak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarda_ibaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarda ibaia (sortu gabe)">Sarda ibaiari</a> jarraitzen dio eta Txinarako merkataritza-bidea da. Tibeteko ordokian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurla_Mandhata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurla Mandhata (sortu gabe)">Gurla Mandhata</a> gailurra dago. <a href="/wiki/Manasarovar_lakua" title="Manasarovar lakua">Manasarovar lakuaren</a> beste aldean dago <a href="/wiki/Kailash" title="Kailash">Kailash</a> mendi sakratua, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kailash_mendilerroa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kailash mendilerroa (sortu gabe)">Kailash mendilerroan</a>, Himalaiako lau ibai nagusien jaiotzatik gertu, hinduismoak, jainismoak, budismoak, sufismoak eta bonismoak gurtzen dutena. <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhanden</a>, Himalaia <a href="/wiki/Kumaon" title="Kumaon">Kumaon</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garhwal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garhwal (sortu gabe)">Garhwal</a> <i>Himalaietan</i> banatzen da, <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi" title="Nanda Devi">Nanda Devi</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamet (sortu gabe)">Kamet</a> tontor altuekin<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Estatu horretan daude, halaber, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaar_Dhaam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaar Dhaam (sortu gabe)">Chaar Dhaam</a> erromesaldietako gunea, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangotri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gangotri (sortu gabe)">Gangotri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> ibaiaren jatorria, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamunotri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamunotri (sortu gabe)">Yamunotri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna ibaiaren</a> sorlekua eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badrinath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badrinath (sortu gabe)">Badrinath</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedarnath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kedarnath (sortu gabe)">Kedarnath</a> tenpluak. </p><p>Himalaiako hurrengo estatu indiarra, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, mendi-estazioengatik nabarmentzen da, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britainiar_Raj" title="Britainiar Raj">Raj britainiarraren</a> udako hiriburua, eta <a href="/wiki/Dharamsala" title="Dharamsala">Dharamsala</a>, deserrian dagoen <a href="/wiki/Tibeteko_Administrazio_Zentrala" title="Tibeteko Administrazio Zentrala">Tibeteko Administrazio Zentralaren</a> egoitza, eta komunitate tibetar garrantzitsua. Eremu horretan hasten da <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(India)" title="Punjab (India)">Punjabeko</a> Himalaia, eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutiola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutiola (sortu gabe)">Sutiola</a> ibaia, <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indusaren</a> bost ibaiadarretako ekialdekoena, mendikatea zeharkatzen duena. Mendebalderago, Himalaia <a href="/wiki/Jammu_eta_Kaxmir" title="Jammu eta Kaxmir">Jammu eta Kaxmir</a> lurralde gatazkatsuaren zati handi bat da. Gaur egun Indiak kudeatzen du, eta han daude <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jammu (sortu gabe)">Jammu</a> eskualde menditsua eta <a href="/wiki/Kaxmir" title="Kaxmir">Kaxmir</a> bailara ospetsua, <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> hiria eta lakuak. Himalaiak <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> lurraldeko hego-mendebaldeko zatirik handiena hartzen du, Indiak kudeatua ere. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_Kun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nun Kun (sortu gabe)">Nun Kun</a> mendi bikiak dira Himalaiako alde honetan 7.000 m-tik gorako mendi bakarrak. Azkenik, Himalaia mendebaldeko muturrera iristen da <a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a> tontor ikusgarrian, 8.000 metrotik gora dagoen mendebaldeeneko puntua. Han, Himalaia <a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> mendikateekin gurutzatzen da, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanek</a> kudeatzen duen <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a> lurralde lehiatuan. Himalaiako zati batzuk, hala nola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaghan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaghan (sortu gabe)">Kaghan</a> bailara, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margallako_muinoak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margallako muinoak (sortu gabe)">Margallako muinoak</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galyat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galyat (sortu gabe)">Galyateko</a> bidea, <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> eta Pakistango <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjabeko</a> probintzietan daude. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:EverestMosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/EverestMosaic.jpg/960px-EverestMosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="960" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/EverestMosaic.jpg/1440px-EverestMosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/EverestMosaic.jpg/1920px-EverestMosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10800" data-file-height="2780" /></a><figcaption>Himalaiako mosaikoa, <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Espazio_Estazioa" title="Nazioarteko Espazio Estazioa">Nazioarteko Espazio Estaziotik</a> egindako argazkiekin osatua.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geologia">Geologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Geologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Himalaya-formation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Himalaya-formation.gif/180px-Himalaya-formation.gif" decoding="async" width="180" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Himalaya-formation.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Himalaiaren sorreraren eboluzioa. Indiak 6.000 kilometro inguru egin zituen iparralderantz, eta orain dela 40-50 milioi urte inguru hasi zen Eurasiako plakarekin talka egiten.</figcaption></figure> <p>Himalaia da planeta osoko mendilerrorik gazteenetako bat, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Arroka_sedimentario" title="Arroka sedimentario">arroka sedimentarioz</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Arroka_metamorfiko" title="Arroka metamorfiko">arroka metamorfikoz</a> osatua. <a href="/wiki/Plaken_tektonika" title="Plaken tektonika">Plaken tektonikaren</a> arabera, <a href="/wiki/Orogenia" title="Orogenia">orogenia</a> <a href="/wiki/Indoaustraliako_plaka" title="Indoaustraliako plaka">Indoaustraliako plaka</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Eurasiako_plaka" title="Eurasiako plaka">Eurasiako plakak</a> talka egin zutenean sortu zen, <a href="/wiki/Muga_konbergente" title="Muga konbergente">muga konbergente</a> batean. Bi plaken arteko elkarguneari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaiako_Faila_Nagusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himalaiako Faila Nagusia (sortu gabe)">Himalaiako Faila Nagusia</a> deritzo. <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Yoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakan Yoma">Arakan Yomako</a> goi-ordokia <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmarren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Andaman_eta_Nikobar_uharteak" title="Andaman eta Nikobar uharteak">Andaman eta Nikobar uharteak</a> <a href="/wiki/Bengalako_badia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengalako badia">Bengalako badian</a> ere talka honen ondorioz eratu ziren<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Goi_Kretazeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Goi Kretazeo">Goi Kretazeoan</a>, orain dela 70 milioi urte inguru, Indoaustraliako plaka (ondoren bi zatitan banatu zen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiako_plaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiako plaka (sortu gabe)">Indiako plaka</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australiako_plaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australiako plaka (sortu gabe)">Australiako plaka</a>) iparralderantz mugitzen ari zen 15 cm inguru urtean. Orain dela 50 milioi urte, hain azkar mugitzen zen plaka honek <a href="/wiki/Tetis_ozeanoa" title="Tetis ozeanoa">Tetis ozeanoa</a> guztiz itxi zuen. Ozeano hau arroka sedimentario bidez eta bere kostan osatu ziren <a href="/wiki/Sumendi" title="Sumendi">sumendien</a> bidez ondorioztatu da. Bi plakak dentsitate txikiko <a href="/wiki/Lurrazal_kontinental" title="Lurrazal kontinental">lurrazal kontinentalez</a> osatuta zeudenez, <a href="/wiki/Zamalkadura" title="Zamalkadura">zamalkadurak</a> sortu ziren bien arteko talkan, mendilerroak sortuz <a href="/wiki/Subdukzio" title="Subdukzio">subdukzioa</a> beharrean<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Prozesu hau azaltzeko balio duen datu bat da Everest mendia metamorfismorik gabeko <a href="/wiki/Ordoviziar" title="Ordoviziar">Ordoviziar</a> garaiko <a href="/wiki/Kareharri" title="Kareharri">kareharriz</a> osatuta dagoela, eta bertan aurki daitezkeela <a href="/wiki/Trilobite" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilobite">trilobiteak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krinoideo" class="mw-redirect" title="Krinoideo">krinoideoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ostrakodo" title="Ostrakodo">ostrakodoak</a>, antzinako ozeano horren lekuko<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Gaur egun, Indiako plaka oraindik horizontalki mugitzen da <a href="/wiki/Tibeteko_goi-lautada" title="Tibeteko goi-lautada">Tibeteko goi-lautadaren</a> azpitik, eta horregatik lautada hau gorantz mugitzen jarraitzen du<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Indiako plaka 67 milimetro mugitzen da iparralderantz urtean, eta hurrengo 10 milioi uretan 1.500 kilometro egingo ditu Asiaren azpian. Mugimendu horretatik 20 mm inguru failen bidez akoplatzen da, Himalaiaren hegoaldeko eremua gehiago altxatuz. Ondorioz, Himalaia 5 mm inguru altxatzen da urtean, oraindik geologikoki aktibo baita. Indiako plakaren mugimendu honen ondorioz, eskualde osoa <a href="/wiki/Lurrikara" title="Lurrikara">lurrikara</a> ugarikoa da, sismikoki aktiboa baita. </p><p>Azken <a href="/wiki/Izotz_aroa" class="mw-redirect" title="Izotz aroa">izotz aroan</a> Kangchenjunga eta Nanga Parbat artean etengabeko <a href="/wiki/Glaziar" title="Glaziar">glaziaren</a> kate bat zegoen<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Mendebaldean, glaziarrak Karakorumeko izotzarekin batzen ziren eta iparraldean Tibeteko barnealdeko izotz-eremuarekin. Hegoaldean, glaziarrak 1.000-2.000 metro arteko altueraraino jaisten ziren<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gaur egungo Himalaiako bailara-glaziarrek 20 eta 32 kilometro arteko luzera badute ere, horietako batzuk 60 eta 112 kilometro artekoak ziren azken izotz aroan. Klima, garai horretan, gaur egungoa baino 7,0 eta 8,3 ºC hotzagoa zen<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hidrologia">Hidrologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hidrologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Hidrologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg/220px-Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg/330px-Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg/440px-Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2409" data-file-height="2497" /></a><figcaption>Indus ibaiaren mapa.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg/220px-Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg/330px-Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg/440px-Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1403" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>Ganges-Brahmaputra eta <a href="/wiki/Meghna" class="mw-redirect" title="Meghna">Meghna</a> ibaien sistema.</figcaption></figure> <p>Handia izan arren, Himalaia ez da <a href="/wiki/Arro_hidrografiko" title="Arro hidrografiko">arro hidrografiko</a> handia, eta ibai batzuek mendikatea zeharkatzen dute, batez ere ekialdean. Horren ondorioz, Himalaiako mendilerroaren ardatz nagusia ez da argia, eta mendiko pasabideak ez dira beste mendilerro batzuetan bezain garrantzitsuak. Himalaiako ibaiak bi ibai-sistema handitan amaitzen dira: </p> <ul><li>Mendebaldeko ibaiak <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a> ibaiaren arroan elkartzen dira. Indusak Himalaiako iparraldeko eta mendebaldeko mugak eratzen ditu. Tibeten jaiotzen da, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sengge (sortu gabe)">Sengge</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gar_ibaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gar ibaia (sortu gabe)">Gar</a> ibaien elkargunean, eta ipar-mendebalderantz egiten du, Indiatik Pakistanera, hego-mendebalderantz biratu eta <a href="/wiki/Arabiako_itsasoa" title="Arabiako itsasoa">Arabiako itsasora</a> iritsi aurretik. Himalaiako hegoaldeko magalak drainatzen dituzten zenbait ibaiadar garrantzitsu bertan amaitzen dira, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenab" title="Chenab">Chenab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravi (sortu gabe)">Ravi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beas" title="Beas">Beas</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutlixiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutlixiba (sortu gabe)">Sutlixiba</a> ibaiak, Punjabeko bost ibai nagusiak.</li></ul> <ul><li>Himalaiako gainerako ibaiek Ganges-Brahmaputra arroa drainatzen dute. Haren ibai nagusiak <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra" title="Brahmaputra">Brahmaputra</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a> dira, baita beste ibaiadar batzuk ere. Brahmaputra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarlung_Tsangpo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yarlung Tsangpo (sortu gabe)">Yarlung Tsangpo</a> ibaian jaiotzen da, mendebaldeko Tibeten, eta ekialderantz doa Tibeten zehar eta mendebalderantz <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assameko</a> lautadan. Ganges eta Brahmaputra <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladeshen</a> elkartzen dira, eta Bengalako golkora iristen dira munduko ibai-delta handienaren bidez, <a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyala_Peri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyala Peri (sortu gabe)">Gyala Periren</a> magaletan eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsangpo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsangpo (sortu gabe)">Tsangpotik</a> haratago dauden mendiak, hamiz Himalaiaren barruan ere sailkatzen direnak, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irrawaddy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irrawaddy (sortu gabe)">Irrawaddy</a> ibaiaren arrora drainatzen dute, Tibeteko ekialdean sortzen dena eta Myanmarren barrena <a href="/wiki/Andamango_itsasoa" title="Andamango itsasoa">Andamango itsasoan</a> amaitzen dena. <a href="/wiki/Salween" class="mw-redirect" title="Salween">Salween</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Mekong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hibai_Horia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hibai Horia (sortu gabe)">Hibai Horia</a> ere Tibeteko goi-ordokian sortzen dira, baina ez da geologikoki hartzen Himalaiatzat, beraz Himalaiako ibai gisa ez dira sailkatzen. Hala ere, geografo eta geologo batzuek "Himalaiaren inguruko ibaiak" izen kolektiboa ematen diete<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glaziarrak">Glaziarrak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Glaziarrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Glaziarrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:KhumbuIcefall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/KhumbuIcefall.jpg/220px-KhumbuIcefall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/KhumbuIcefall.jpg/330px-KhumbuIcefall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/KhumbuIcefall.jpg/440px-KhumbuIcefall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khumbu_glaziarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khumbu glaziarra (sortu gabe)">Khumbu glaziarra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Erdialdeko Asiako mendilerroetan, Himalaia barne, munduko hirugarren <a href="/wiki/Elur" title="Elur">elur</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Izotz" title="Izotz">izotz</a> biltegirik handiena dago, <a href="/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika">Antartika</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Artiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiko">Artikoaren</a> ostean. Badaude ere eremuari "Hirugarren Poloa" izena ematen diotenak<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gaur egun Himalaian 15.000 glaziar inguru daude, 12.000 km<sup>3</sup> izotz dituztenak, hau da, 10<sup>12</sup> kg ur geza. Glaziarrik garrantzitsuenak dira <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangotri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gangotri (sortu gabe)">Gangotri</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamunotri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamunotri (sortu gabe)">Yamunotri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhanden</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khumbu_glaziarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khumbu glaziarra (sortu gabe)">Khumbu glaziarrak</a> (Everest inguruan), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langtang_glaziarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langtang glaziarra (sortu gabe)">Langtang glaziarra</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Langtang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langtang (sortu gabe)">Langtang</a> eskualdean) eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zemu (sortu gabe)">Zemu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkimen</a>). </p><p>Mendiak <a href="/wiki/Kantzer_tropikoa" title="Kantzer tropikoa">Kantzer tropikotik</a> gertu daude, eta horregatik elurraren maila munduko altuenetako bat da, normalki 5.500 metro inguruan. <a href="/wiki/Ekuatore" title="Ekuatore">Ekuatoretik</a> gertu dauden mendiak, <a href="/wiki/Ginea_Berria" title="Ginea Berria">Ginea Berrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwenzori" title="Rwenzori">Rwenzoriak</a> edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koklonbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koklonbia (sortu gabe)">Koklonbian</a> 900 metro baxuago dute elurraren maila<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Himalaiako lekurik altuenean elurrak urte osoan zehar daude, tropikotik gertu egon arren, eta hainbat ibaien iturria da (ikus aurreko atala). </p><p>Azken urteotan, zientzialariek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaziarren_atzerakada_1850etik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glaziarren atzerakada 1850etik (sortu gabe)">glaziarren atzerakada</a> handia neurtu dute eremu osoan <a href="/wiki/Klima_aldaketa" title="Klima aldaketa">klima aldaketaren</a> ondorioz<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Adibidez, Bhutanen laku glaziarrak sortzen ari dira hautsez estalitako glaziarren gainean. Azken 40-50 urteetan glaziarren estaldura %13 inguru jaitsi da. Kondizio lokalek badute era eragina glaziarren atzeraldi honetan, eta horregatik metro gutxi batzuetatik 61 metro/urteko atzerakadaraino neurtu dira. 1975etik aurrera glaziarren masaren galera handian neurtu da, 5-13 gigatona/urteko neurketa baxuenean eta 16-24 Gt/u handienean. Urte asko beharko badira ere honen eragina ondo neurtzeko, glaziar horietako ura behar duten ehunka milioi pertsonentzat arazo handia izan liteke<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Klima aldaketak ur-baliabideen arazoa ekar lezake Himalaiaren inguruan bizi direnentzat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lakuak">Lakuak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lakuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Lakuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Gurudongmar_Lake_Sikkim,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gurudongmar_Lake_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg/220px-Gurudongmar_Lake_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gurudongmar_Lake_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg/330px-Gurudongmar_Lake_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gurudongmar_Lake_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg/440px-Gurudongmar_Lake_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurudongmar_lakua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurudongmar lakua (sortu gabe)">Gurudongmar lakua</a> Sikkimen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Himalaiako eskualdea ehunka lakuren egoitza da. <a href="/wiki/Pangong_Tso" title="Pangong Tso">Pangong Tso</a> India eta Txinaren arteko mugan Tibeteko mendebalde urrunean handienetako bat da, 700 km<sup>2</sup>rekin. </p><p>Mendilerro nagusiaren hegoaldean, lakuak txikiagoak izan ohi dira. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilicho_lakua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilicho lakua (sortu gabe)">Tilicho lakua</a>, Nepalen, Annapurna inguruan, munduko lakurik altuenetako bat da. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rara_lakua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rara lakua (sortu gabe)">Rara lakua</a>, Nepalgo mendebaldean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=She-Phoksundo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="She-Phoksundo (sortu gabe)">She-Phoksundo</a> izen bereko Nepalgo parke nazionalean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurudongmar_lakua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurudongmar lakua (sortu gabe)">Gurudongmar lakua</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipar_Sikkim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipar Sikkim (sortu gabe)">Ipar Sikkimn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gokyo_lakuak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gokyo lakuak (sortu gabe)">Gokyo lakuak</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solukhumbu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solukhumbu (sortu gabe)">Solukhumbu</a> barrutian, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsongmo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsongmo (sortu gabe)">Tsongmo</a> lakua <a href="/w/index.php?title=India_eta_Txina_arteko_muga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="India eta Txina arteko muga (sortu gabe)">India eta Txina arteko muga</a> inguruan ere nabarmenak dira<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Glaziarren urtzearekin lakuek gainezka egitea arrisku bat da. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsho_Rolpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsho Rolpa (sortu gabe)">Tsho Rolpa</a> laku glaziarra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowaling_Harana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowaling Harana (sortu gabe)">Rowaling Haranan</a> arrisku horren adibide da. 4.580 metrora dagoen laku hau etengabe hazi da azken 50 urteotan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarn_(lakua)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarn (lakua) (sortu gabe)">Tarn</a> izeneko lakuak glaziarren jardueraren ondorio dira<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Himalaiako hezeguneek hegazti migratzaileentzat bizitoki garrantzitsu dira. Altuera baxu eta ertaineko laku asko oso gutxi ikertu dira, euren <a href="/wiki/Hidrologia" title="Hidrologia">hidrologia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Biodibertsitate" title="Biodibertsitate">biodibertsitatearen</a> aldetik<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klima">Klima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Klima»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Klima"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenperatura">Tenperatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Tenperatura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Tenperatura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Himalaiako edozein tokitako klima zehazten duten faktore fisikoak latitudea, altitudea eta hego-mendebaldeko <a href="/wiki/Montzoi" title="Montzoi">montzoiaren</a> mugimendu erlatiboa dira. Iparretik hegoaldera, mendiek zortzi latitude gradutik gora hartzen dituzte, eremu epeletatik <a href="/wiki/Subtropikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropikal">subtropikaletara</a>. Himalaiaren konfigurazio fisikoak galarazi egiten du <a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Asia" title="Erdialdeko Asia">Erdialdeko Asiako</a> airerik hotzenak <a href="/wiki/Hegoaldeko_Asia" title="Hegoaldeko Asia">Hegoaldeko Asiarantz</a> jotzea. Hori dela eta, eremu tropikala iparralderago zabaltzen da Asiako hegoaldean munduko beste edozein lekutan baino. Proba zalantzarik gabea da Brahmaputra bailaran, non <a href="/wiki/Bengalako_golkoa" title="Bengalako golkoa">Bengalako Golkoko</a> aire beroa bildu eta <a href="/wiki/Namcha_Barwa" title="Namcha Barwa">Namcha Barwatik</a>, Himalaiako ekialdeko ainguratik, Tibeteko hego-ekialderaino erortzen baita. Himalaiako tenperaturak 2 ºC gradu hozten dira 300 metroko<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Mendien ezaugarri fisikoak irregularrak direnez, ertz hautsi eta horzdunak dituztenez, tenperatura-aldaketa handiak egon daitezke distantzia laburretan. Mendi bateko puntu bateko tenperatura urte-sasoiaren, eguzkiak puntua dagoen aldearekiko duen orientazioaren eta mendiaren masaren araberakoa da, hau da, daukan materia-kantitatearen araberakoa. Tenperatura eguzkitik jasotako erradiazioarekiko zuzenki proportzionala denez, zuzeneko eguzki-argi gehien jasotzen duten aurpegiek ere bero gehiago metatzen dute. Ibar estuetan —aurpegi malkartsuen artean zabaltzen dira—, denbora oso desberdina izan daiteke bi ertzetan. Iparraldean, mendi bat hegoaldera begira duela, hazkunde-estazioa baino hilabete bat gehiago izan dezake. Mendiko masak ere eragina du tenperaturan; izan ere, bero-uharte gisa jokatzen du, eta inguruan baino bero gehiago xurgatzen eta atxikitzen du, eta, beraz, balantze termikoan edo udako neguko minimoaren tenperatura igotzeko behar den bero-kantitatean eragiten du. Himalaiako eskala izugarriak esan nahi du gailur askok beren klima sor dezaketela, tenperatura gailur batetik bestera aldatzen dela, alde batetik bestera, eta dena izan daiteke inguruko lautada edo haranetako klimaren oso desberdina<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euria">Euria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Euria»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Euria"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Himalaiako kliman eragin erabakigarria du hego-mendebaldeko <a href="/wiki/Montzoi" title="Montzoi">montzoiak</a>. Ez hainbeste udako hilabeteetako euria, baizik eta euria daraman haizea bera. Erdialdeko Asiako kontinentearen eta Indiako Ozeanoaren arteko berotze- eta hozte-erritmoek diferentzia handiak sortzen dituzte bakoitzaren gaineko <a href="/wiki/Presio_atmosferiko" title="Presio atmosferiko">presio atmosferikoan</a>. Neguan, presio handiko sistema bat sortzen da, Erdialdeko Asian esekita dagoena, eta airea Himalaiaren gaineko hegoalderantz joatera behartzen du. Baina Erdialdeko Asian, lurrun moduan zabaltzen den ur-iturri garrantzitsurik ez dagoenez, Asiako hegoaldetik jotzen dituen neguko haizeak lehorrak dira. Udako hilabeteetan, Erdialdeko Asiako goi-ordokiaren hegoaldean dauden ur ozeanikoak baino gehiago berotzen da. Ondorioz, estaltzen duen airea gero eta gehiago igotzen da, eta behe-presioko zona bat sortzen da. <a href="/wiki/Indiako_Ozeano" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiako Ozeano">Indiako Ozeanoko</a> kostaldeko goi-presioko sistemek udako aire hezea barrurantz bultzatzen dute, behe-presioko sistemarantz. Aire hezea mendiekin topo egiten duenean, igo egiten da eta, hoztean, hezetasuna kondentsatu eta <a href="/wiki/Euri" title="Euri">euri</a> moduan askatzen da, normalean intentsitate bizikoa. Udako montzoiko haize hezeek prezipitazioak eragiten dituzte Indian eta Himalaiako hegoaldeko isurialde osoan. Airea bortxaz jasotzeari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efektu_orografiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efektu orografiko (sortu gabe)">efektu orografiko</a> deritzo<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima_aldaketa">Klima aldaketa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Klima aldaketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Klima aldaketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:HKH-Glacier-Mass-Change.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/HKH-Glacier-Mass-Change.png/220px-HKH-Glacier-Mass-Change.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/HKH-Glacier-Mass-Change.png/330px-HKH-Glacier-Mass-Change.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/HKH-Glacier-Mass-Change.png/440px-HKH-Glacier-Mass-Change.png 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Glaziarretako izotz-masaren galera.</figcaption></figure> <p>2019ko Hindu Kush Himalaia Txostenak ondorioztatu zuen 1901 eta 2014 artean eskualde osoko tenperatura 0,1 ºC igo zela hamarkadako, eta azken 50 urteotan 0,2 ºC izan zela hamarkadako. Azken 50 urte horietan egun eta gau epelen kopurua 1,2 eta 1,7 artean handitu da hamarkadako, eta egun oso beroak 1,26 gehitu direla eta 2,54 gau oso bero hamarkadako. Era berean, egun hotzak murriztu ziren, 0,5 egun hamarkadako, gau hotz 1 hamarkadako eta 2,4 gau oso hotz. Nekazaritzarako aukera ematen duen urtaroaren luzera 4,25 egun luzatu da hamarkadako<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Parisko_Hitzarmena" class="mw-redirect" title="Parisko Hitzarmena">Parisko Hitzarmenak</a> aurreikusten duen 1,5 ºCko berotzea ez balitz gaindituko, eskualdean ez litzateke hainbeste nabarituko, orokorrean 0,3 ºC altuago eta 0,7 ºC artean inguru beroago batzuetan. Helburua ez balitz beteko, orduan 1,7-2,4 ºC artean berotu daiteke ingurunea (2036–2065) eta 2,2-3,3 ºC artean beranduago (2066–2095). Aurreikuspenik okerrenean (RCP 8.5), non urteko gas isurpenak handitzen jarraitzen duten, berotzea 2.3–3.2 °C eta 4.2–6.5 °C artean izango litzateke. Edonola ere, neguak gehiago berotuko dira udak baino, eta Tibeteko goi-ordokian, Himalaian zein Karakorumean berotzeak eskualde osoari eragingo dio. <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">Permafrostaren</a> %81 inguru urtuko dela kalkulatzen da<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekologia">Ekologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ekologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Hemitragus_jemlahicus_Jharal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hemitragus_jemlahicus_Jharal.jpg/220px-Hemitragus_jemlahicus_Jharal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hemitragus_jemlahicus_Jharal.jpg/330px-Hemitragus_jemlahicus_Jharal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hemitragus_jemlahicus_Jharal.jpg/440px-Hemitragus_jemlahicus_Jharal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Hemitragus_jemlahicus" title="Hemitragus jemlahicus">Hemitragus jemlahicus</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:RedPandaFullBody.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RedPandaFullBody.JPG/220px-RedPandaFullBody.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RedPandaFullBody.JPG/330px-RedPandaFullBody.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RedPandaFullBody.JPG/440px-RedPandaFullBody.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2805" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Panda_gorri" title="Panda gorri">Panda gorria</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Himalaiako flora eta fauna aldatu egiten dira klimaren, prezipitazioen, altitudearen eta lurzoruen arabera. <a href="/wiki/Klima_tropikal" title="Klima tropikal">Klima tropikala</a> dago mendien oinarrian, eta izotz eta elur iraunkorrak, kotarik altuenetan. Urteko prezipitazio-kopuruak gora egiten du mendebaldetik ekialdera, mendikatearen hegoaldeko frontean zehar. Lurzoruaren altitude, prezipitazio eta baldintza aniztasun horrek, elurraren lerroarekin batera, hainbat landare- eta animalia-komunitate ditu oinarri. Altitudearen muturrek (presio atmosferiko baxuak), muturreko hotzarekin batera, organismo <a href="/wiki/Extremofilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Extremofilo">extremofiloen</a> alde egiten dute<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Altitude handian, lehen desagertzeko zorian zegoen <a href="/wiki/Elur-lehoinabar" title="Elur-lehoinabar">Elur-lehoinabarra</a> da harrapari nagusia. Bere harrapakinen artean, Alpeetako larreetan bazkatzen duten eta eremu harritsuetan bizi diren <a href="/wiki/Ahuntz" title="Ahuntz">ahuntzen</a> familiako kideak daude, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Bharal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharal">bharal</a> endemikoa. <i><a href="/wiki/Moschus_leucogaster" title="Moschus leucogaster">Moschus leucogaster</a></i> oreina ere altueratan bizi da, baina desagertzeko zorian dago. Beste belarjale endemiko edo ia endemiko batzuk Himalaiako <a href="/wiki/Tahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahr">tahr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takin" class="mw-redirect" title="Takin">takin</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Capricornis_thar" title="Capricornis thar">Capricornis thar</a></i> edo <i><a href="/wiki/Naemorhedus_goral" title="Naemorhedus goral">Naemorhedus goral</a></i> dira. Himalaiako <a href="/wiki/Hartz_arre" title="Hartz arre">hartz arrearen</a> azpiespeziea, arrisku kritikoan, noizbehinka egoten da eremu osoan, baita <a href="/wiki/Asiako_hartz_beltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiako hartz beltz">Asiako hartz beltza</a> ere. Himalaiako ekialdeko baso menditsu hostogalkorretan eta <a href="/wiki/Konifero" class="mw-redirect" title="Konifero">koniferoetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panda_gorri" title="Panda gorri">panda gorria</a> <a href="/wiki/Banbu" title="Banbu">banbuzko</a> oihanpe itxietan elikatzen da. Beherago, baso-alboetan bizi diren <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primateak</a> daude, besteak beste, <i><a href="/wiki/Trachypithecus_geei" title="Trachypithecus geei">Trachypithecus geei</a></i> eta <i><a href="/wiki/Semnopithecus_ajax" title="Semnopithecus ajax">Semnopithecus ajax</a></i> grisa, desagertzeko zorian daudenak. </p><p>Himalaiako flora eta fauna aldatzen ari da klima aldaketaren ondorioz. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrangea_hirta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrangea hirta (sortu gabe)">Hydrangea hirta</a></i> landarea, adibidez, tenperatura igoerak altuera handiagoetara mugitzen ari da. Hariztietan pinudiak ari dira garatzen. Beste espezie batzuk ere loratzen eta fruitua ematen lehenago hazi dira, adibidez <a href="/wiki/Errododendro" title="Errododendro">errododendroa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sagar" title="Sagar">sagarra</a> edo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myrica_esculenta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myrica esculenta (sortu gabe)">Myrica esculenta</a></i>. Himalaian hazten da ezagutzen den altuera handieneko zuhaitza, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juniperus_tibetica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juniperus tibetica (sortu gabe)">Juniperus tibetica</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erlijioak">Erlijioak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erlijioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Erlijioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Taktshang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Taktshang.jpg/220px-Taktshang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Taktshang.jpg/330px-Taktshang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Taktshang.jpg/440px-Taktshang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taktshang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taktshang (sortu gabe)">Taktshang</a> monasterioa, Bhutanen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Himalaiak lotura handiak ditu <a href="/wiki/Mitologia" title="Mitologia">mitologia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erlijio" title="Erlijio">erlijio</a> eta inguruko kulturarekin. <a href="/wiki/Jainismo" title="Jainismo">Jainismoan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashtapada_Mendia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashtapada Mendia (sortu gabe)">Ashtapada Mendia</a> sakratua da, bertan lehen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jain_tirthankara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jain tirthankara (sortu gabe)">Jain tirthankarak</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishabhanatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rishabhanatha (sortu gabe)">Rishabhanathak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a> eskuratu zuelako. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishabhanatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rishabhanatha (sortu gabe)">Rishabhanathak</a> <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">nirvana</a> eskuratu eta gero bere semeak, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bharata (sortu gabe)">Bharatak</a>, hiru <a href="/wiki/Estupa" title="Estupa">estupa</a> eta 24 tenplu eraiki zituen beste hainbeste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirthankara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirthankara (sortu gabe)">tirthankara</a> gurtzeko, eta harribitxiak jarri zituen, <i>sinhishdha</i> izena emanez<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu">Hinduismoarentzat</a>, Himalaiako mendiak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Himavat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himavat (sortu gabe)">Himavat</a> jainkoaren pertsonifikazioa dira, mendi guztien erregea eta <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> jainkosaren aita<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Himalaia ere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(jainkosa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganga (jainkosa) (sortu gabe)">Ganga</a> jainkosaren aita da, Ganges ibaiaren pertsonifikazioa<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hinduentzako erromesaldien bi gune garrantzitsueneko hemen daude, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pashupatinath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pashupatinath (sortu gabe)">Pashupatinath</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muktinath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muktinath (sortu gabe)">Muktinath</a>. Bertan daude <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaligrama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaligrama (sortu gabe)">shaligrama</a> izeneko arroka beltz sakratuak<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Budistentzat ere garrantzi handia du Himalaiak. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paro_Taktsang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paro Taktsang (sortu gabe)">Paro Taktsang</a> Bhutanen <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">budismoa</a> hasi zen leku sakratua da<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muktinath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muktinath (sortu gabe)">Muktinath</a> ere Tibeteko budistentzako erromesaldi lekua da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomia">Ekonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekonomia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baliabideak">Baliabideak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Baliabideak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Baliabideak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mendate gutxi dagoenez (Sikkimen eta Kaxmirren gehienak), komunikazioak zailak dira. Nekazaritza egonkorrik ere gutxi dago; haran hondoak eta mendi mazeletako terraza zabalak lantzen dituzte (Kaxmirren eta Nepalen bereziki). <a href="/wiki/Arroz" title="Arroz">Arroza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gari" title="Gari">garia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garagar" title="Garagar">garagarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artatxiki" title="Artatxiki">artatxikia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Patata" title="Patata">patata</a> biltzen dira, eta baita zenbait fruitu ere: <a href="/wiki/Laranja" title="Laranja">laranja</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Katmandu" title="Katmandu">Katmandu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mahats" title="Mahats">mahatsa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Arbeletxeko" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbeletxeko">arbeletxekoa</a> (Kaxmir). 1.800 metro ingurutik gora, <a href="/wiki/Ahuntz" title="Ahuntz">ahuntzak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jak" title="Jak">jakak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ardi" title="Ardi">ardiak</a> hazten dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Euskaltzaindia171.araua-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Euskaltzaindia171.araua_1-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia2012-06-29"><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a>.  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(2014-04-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. </i></a> Penguin UK <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-81-8475-277-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-81-8475-277-9">978-81-8475-277-9</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Himalayas">«Himalayas | Definition, Location, History, Countries, Mountains, Map, & Facts | Britannica»</a> <i>www.britannica.com</i> 2023-11-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kumaun-Himalayas">«Kumaun Himalayas | Himalayan, Uttarakhand, Trekking | Britannica»</a> <i>www.britannica.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGarzantiLimontaResentiniBandopadhyay2013-08-01">Garzanti, Eduardo; Limonta, Mara; Resentini, Alberto; Bandopadhyay, Pinaki C.; Najman, Yani; Andò, Sergio; Vezzoli, Giovanni.  (2013-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825213000822">«Sediment recycling at convergent plate margins (Indo-Burman Ranges and Andaman–Nicobar Ridge)»</a> <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> 123: 113–132.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.earscirev.2013.04.008">10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.04.008</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0012-8252">0012-8252</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/himalaya.html">«The Himalayas [This Dynamic Earth, USGS</a>»] <i>pubs.usgs.gov</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSakaiSawadaTakigamiOrihashi2005-12">Sakai, Harutaka; Sawada, Minoru; Takigami, Yutaka; Orihashi, Yuji; Danhara, Tohru; Iwano, Hideki; Kuwahara, Yoshihiro; Dong, Qi <i>et al</i>..  (2005-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00499.x">«Geology of the summit limestone of Mount Qomolangma (Everest) and cooling history of the Yellow Band under the Qomolangma detachment»</a> <i>Island Arc</i> 14 (4): 297–310.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1738.2005.00499.x">10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00499.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1038-4871">1038-4871</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Convergent/Continental-Collision">«The Geological Society»</a> <i>www.geolsoc.org.uk</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://booksite.elsevier.com/9780444534477/">«Elsevier: Ehlers, Gibbard, Hughes: Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology Volume 15: A closer look Welcome»</a> <i>booksite.elsevier.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMatthias1987-06-01">Matthias, Kuhle.  (1987-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02602717">«Subtropical mountain- and highland-glaciation as ice age triggers and the waning of the glacial periods in the pleistocene»</a> <i>GeoJournal</i> 14 (4): 393–421.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02602717">10.1007/BF02602717</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1572-9893">1572-9893</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKuhle2005-05-01">Kuhle, Matthias.  (2005-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-005-2338-6">«The Maximum Ice Age (Würmian, Last Ice Age, LGM) Glaciation of the Himalaya – A Glaciogeomorphological Investigation of Glacier Trim-lines, Ice Thicknesses and Lowest Former Ice Margin Positions in the Mt. 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J.; Li, W.; Zhao, J..  (2003-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA....13617G"><i>Geochemistry of the suspended sediments of circum-himalayan rivers and weathering budgets over the last 50 Myrs. </i></a>, 13617 or. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKulkarniKaryakarte2014">Kulkarni, Anil V.; Karyakarte, Yogesh.  (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24099804">«Observed changes in Himalayan glaciers»</a> <i>Current Science</i> 106 (2): 237–244. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0011-3891">0011-3891</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHenderson-SellersMcGuffie2012">Henderson-Sellers, A.; McGuffie, K..  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(2021-12-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-03805-8">«Accelerated mass loss of Himalayan glaciers since the Little Ice Age»</a> <i>Scientific Reports</i> 11 (1): 24284.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-03805-8">10.1038/s41598-021-03805-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34931039">34931039</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC8688493">PMC8688493</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.comarticle/idUSDEL187610/">«Educomp has enough funds for expansion till FY10»</a> <i>Reuters</i> 2008-09-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: apirila 2024">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKaushikRafiqJoshiSingh2020-04-20">Kaushik, Saurabh; Rafiq, Mohammd; Joshi, P. K.; Singh, Tejpal.  (2020-04-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719364514">«Examining the glacial lake dynamics in a warming climate and GLOF modelling in parts of Chandra basin, Himachal Pradesh, India»</a> <i>Science of The Total Environment</i> 714: 136455.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2019.136455">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136455</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0048-9697">0048-9697</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRafiqRomshooMishraJalal2019-01-01">Rafiq, Mohammd; Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad; Mishra, Anoop Kumar; Jalal, Faizan.  (2019-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-4972-8">«Modelling Chorabari Lake outburst flood, Kedarnath, India»</a> <i>Journal of Mountain Science</i> 16 (1): 64–76.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11629-018-4972-8">10.1007/s11629-018-4972-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1993-0321">1993-0321</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011182931/http://en.people.cn/90001/90781/90879/6222327.html">«People's Daily Online - Glaciers melting at alarming speed»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2017-10-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFO'Neill2019-10-01">O'Neill, Alexander R..  (2019-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989419302860">«Evaluating high-altitude Ramsar wetlands in the Eastern Himalayas»</a> <i>Global Ecology and Conservation</i> 20: e00715.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gecco.2019.e00715">10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00715</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2351-9894">2351-9894</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120818141925/http://www.highestlake.com/highest-lake-world.html">«The Highest Lake in the World»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2012-08-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFO’NeillChhetriChhetriRana2020-04-01">O’Neill, Alexander R.; Chhetri, Prem K.; Chhetri, Bijoy; Rana, Santosh K..  (2020-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-020-09710-7">«Establishing ecological baselines around a temperate Himalayan peatland»</a> <i>Wetlands Ecology and Management</i> 28 (2): 375–388.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11273-020-09710-7">10.1007/s11273-020-09710-7</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1572-9834">1572-9834</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFZurickPachecoShresthaBajracharya2006">Zurick, David; Pacheco, Julsun; Shrestha, Basanta; Bajracharya, Birendra.  (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jcm1s"><i>Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya. </i></a> University Press of Kentucky <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-8131-2388-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-8131-2388-2">978-0-8131-2388-2</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWester2019">Wester, Philippus, ed. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1">«The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment»</a> <i>SpringerLink</i>  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-92288-1">10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKrishnanShresthaRenRajbhandari2019">Krishnan, Raghavan; Shrestha, Arun B.; Ren, Guoyu; Rajbhandari, Rupak; Saeed, Sajjad; Sanjay, Jayanarayanan; Syed, Md. Abu; Vellore, Ramesh <i>et al</i>..  (2019). Wester, Philippus ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_3">«Unravelling Climate Change in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: Rapid Warming in the Mountains and Increasing Extremes»</a> <i>The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People</i> (Springer International Publishing): 57–97.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-92288-1_3">10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-3-319-92288-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-3-319-92288-1">978-3-319-92288-1</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFO’NeillChhetriChhetriRana2020-04-01">O’Neill, Alexander R.; Chhetri, Prem K.; Chhetri, Bijoy; Rana, Santosh K..  (2020-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-020-09710-7">«Establishing ecological baselines around a temperate Himalayan peatland»</a> <i>Wetlands Ecology and Management</i> 28 (2): 375–388.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11273-020-09710-7">10.1007/s11273-020-09710-7</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1572-9834">1572-9834</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMieheMieheVogelCo2007-05">Miehe, Georg; Miehe, Sabine; Vogel, Jonas; Co, Sonam; La, Duo.  (2007-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioone.org/journals/mountain-research-and-development/volume-27/issue-2/mrd.0792/Highest-Treeline-in-the-Northern-Hemisphere-Found-in-Southern-Tibet/10.1659/mrd.0792.full">«Highest Treeline in the Northern Hemisphere Found in Southern Tibet»</a> <i>Mountain Research and Development</i> 27 (2): 169–173.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1659%2Fmrd.0792">10.1659/mrd.0792</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0276-4741">0276-4741</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJain2009">Jain, Arun Kumar.  (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y4aVRLGhf-8C&q=mount+Kailash+jainism&pg=RA1-PA273"><i>Faith & Philosophy of Jainism. </i></a> Gyan Publishing House <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-81-7835-723-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-81-7835-723-2">978-81-7835-723-2</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGuptaSharmaSharma2014">Gupta, Pankaj; Sharma, Vijay Kumar; Sharma, Sushma.  (2014). <i>Healing traditions of the northwestern Himalayas. </i> Springer <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-81-322-1925-5" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-81-322-1925-5">978-81-322-1925-5</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDallapiccolaDallapiccola2002">Dallapiccola, Anna Libera; Dallapiccola, Anna L..  (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofhind0000dall"><i>Dictionary of Hindu lore and legend. </i></a> (1. publ. argitaraldia) Thames & Hudson <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-500-51088-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-500-51088-9">978-0-500-51088-9</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBhatKumarBussmann2013-01-02">Bhat, Jahangeer A.; Kumar, Munesh; Bussmann, Rainer W..  (2013-01-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-1">«Ecological status and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary of Garhwal Himalaya, India»</a> <i>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</i> 9 (1): 1.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1746-4269-9-1">10.1186/1746-4269-9-1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1746-4269">1746-4269</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23281594">23281594</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC3560114">PMC3560114</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/paro-bhutan-the-tigers-ne_b_10982104">«Paro, Bhutan: The Tiger's Nest»</a> <i>HuffPost</i> 2016-07-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asiako_geografia" title="Asiako geografia">Asiako geografia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/">Digital Himalaya.</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q5451">Q5451</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Himalayas">Himalayas</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q5451%22">Q5451</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-140840481">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/140840481/">140840481</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX451565">XX451565</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119795732">119795732</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119795732">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4024923-2">4024923-2</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85060851">sh85060851</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629046">00629046</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134213">ge134213</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027484505">027484505</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Himalayas">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000096266">D000096266</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q5451">Q5451</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Himalayas">Himalayas</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q5451%22">Q5451</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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