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world to quickly become epidemics, reason why researchers are concentrated in modeling the propagation of epidemics and outbreaks in multilayer networks. In this networks all nodes interact in different layers with different type of links. However, in many scenarios such as in the society, a multiplex network framework is not completely suitable since not all individuals participate in all layers. In this paper, we use a partially overlapped multiplex network where only a fraction of the individuals are shared by the layers. We develop a mitigation strategy for stopping a disease propagation, considering the Susceptible-Infected-Recover model, in a system consisted by two layers. We consider a random immunization in one of the layers and study the effect of the overlapping fraction in both, the propagation of the disease and the immunization strategy. Using branching theory, we study this scenario theoretically and via simulations and find a lower epidemic threshold than in the case without strategy.","publication_date":"2015,,","publication_name":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"41395934"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Epidemic spreading and immunization strategy in multiplex networks","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [20504163]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div 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PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Epidemic spreading and immunization strategy in multiplex networks</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20504163" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LidiaBraunstein"><img alt="Profile image of Lidia Braunstein" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/20504163/11107349/12395433/s65_lidia.braunstein.jpg" />Lidia Braunstein</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015, Journal of Physics: Conference Series</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" 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data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="20480051" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20480051/Immunization_strategy_for_epidemic_spreading_on_multilayer_networks">Immunization strategy for epidemic spreading on multilayer networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20504163" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LidiaBraunstein">Lidia Braunstein</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">EPL (Europhysics Letters), 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Immunization strategy for epidemic spreading on multilayer networks","attachmentId":41395900,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20480051/Immunization_strategy_for_epidemic_spreading_on_multilayer_networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20480051/Immunization_strategy_for_epidemic_spreading_on_multilayer_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="96152584" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96152584/Epidemic_outbreak_for_an_SIS_model_in_multiplex_networks_with_immunization">Epidemic outbreak for an SIS model in multiplex networks with immunization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44281215" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LouYijun">Yijun Lou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Mathematical biosciences, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">With the aim of understanding epidemic spreading in a general multiplex network and designing optimal immunization strategies, a mathematical model based on multiple degree is built to analyze the threshold condition for epidemic outbreak. Two kinds of strategies, the multiplex node-based immunization and the layer node-based immunization, are examined. Theoretical results show that the general framework proposed here can illustrate the effect of diverse correlations and immunizations on the outbreak condition in multiplex networks. Under a set of conditions on uncorrelated coefficients, the specific epidemic thresholds are shown to be only dependent on the respective degree distribution in each layer.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Epidemic outbreak for an SIS model in multiplex networks with immunization","attachmentId":98130516,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96152584/Epidemic_outbreak_for_an_SIS_model_in_multiplex_networks_with_immunization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96152584/Epidemic_outbreak_for_an_SIS_model_in_multiplex_networks_with_immunization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="86669198" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86669198/Suppression_of_epidemic_spreading_process_on_multiplex_networks_via_active_immunization">Suppression of epidemic spreading process on multiplex networks via active immunization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="169788029" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChintyaHia">Chintya Hia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Suppression of epidemic spreading process on multiplex networks via active immunization","attachmentId":91068143,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86669198/Suppression_of_epidemic_spreading_process_on_multiplex_networks_via_active_immunization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86669198/Suppression_of_epidemic_spreading_process_on_multiplex_networks_via_active_immunization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="20480086" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20480086/Epidemic_Model_with_Isolation_in_Multilayer_Networks">Epidemic Model with Isolation in Multilayer Networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20504163" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LidiaBraunstein">Lidia Braunstein</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Reports, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Epidemic Model with Isolation in Multilayer Networks","attachmentId":41395937,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20480086/Epidemic_Model_with_Isolation_in_Multilayer_Networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20480086/Epidemic_Model_with_Isolation_in_Multilayer_Networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="47109296" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47109296/Suppressing_disease_spreading_by_using_information_diffusion_on_multiplex_networks">Suppressing disease spreading by using information diffusion on multiplex networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20504163" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LidiaBraunstein">Lidia Braunstein</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific reports, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Although there is always an interplay between the dynamics of information diffusion and disease spreading, the empirical research on the systemic coevolution mechanisms connecting these two spreading dynamics is still lacking. Here we investigate the coevolution mechanisms and dynamics between information and disease spreading by utilizing real data and a proposed spreading model on multiplex network. Our empirical analysis finds asymmetrical interactions between the information and disease spreading dynamics. Our results obtained from both the theoretical framework and extensive stochastic numerical simulations suggest that an information outbreak can be triggered in a communication network by its own spreading dynamics or by a disease outbreak on a contact network, but that the disease threshold is not affected by information spreading. Our key finding is that there is an optimal information transmission rate that markedly suppresses the disease spreading. We find that the time ev...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Suppressing disease spreading by using information diffusion on multiplex networks","attachmentId":66376884,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47109296/Suppressing_disease_spreading_by_using_information_diffusion_on_multiplex_networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47109296/Suppressing_disease_spreading_by_using_information_diffusion_on_multiplex_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="13250626" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13250626/Competitive_epidemic_spreading_over_arbitrary_multilayer_networks">Competitive epidemic spreading over arbitrary multilayer networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32507196" href="https://ksu.academia.edu/CaterinaScoglio">Caterina Scoglio</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Physical Review E, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Competitive epidemic spreading over arbitrary multilayer networks","attachmentId":45549328,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13250626/Competitive_epidemic_spreading_over_arbitrary_multilayer_networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13250626/Competitive_epidemic_spreading_over_arbitrary_multilayer_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="14514890" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14514890/Competing_spreading_processes_on_multiplex_networks_awareness_and_epidemics">Competing spreading processes on multiplex networks: awareness and epidemics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33468097" href="https://urv.academia.edu/AlexArenas">Alex Arenas</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33513994" href="https://urv.academia.edu/SergioGomez">Sergio Gómez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Epidemiclike spreading processes on top of multilayered interconnected complex networks reveal a rich phase diagram of intertwined competition effects. A recent study by the authors [C. Granell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 128701 (2013).] presented an analysis of the interrelation between two processes accounting for the spreading of an epidemic, and the spreading of information awareness to prevent infection, on top of multiplex networks. The results in the case in which awareness implies total immunization to the disease revealed the existence of a metacritical point at which the critical onset of the epidemics starts, depending on completion of the awareness process. Here we present a full analysis of these critical properties in the more general scenario where the awareness spreading does not imply total immunization, and where infection does not imply immediate awareness of it. We find the critical relation between the two competing processes for a wide spectrum of parameters ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Competing spreading processes on multiplex networks: awareness and epidemics","attachmentId":44100665,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14514890/Competing_spreading_processes_on_multiplex_networks_awareness_and_epidemics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14514890/Competing_spreading_processes_on_multiplex_networks_awareness_and_epidemics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="27027213" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27027213/Immunization_Dynamics_on_a_2_layer_Network_Model">Immunization Dynamics on a 2-layer Network Model</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50904826" href="https://catholic.academia.edu/HangHyunJo">Hang-Hyun Jo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We introduce a 2-layer network model for the study of the immunization dynamics in epidemics. Spreading of an epidemic is modeled as an excitatory process in a small-world network (body layer) while immunization by prevention for the disease as a dynamic process in a scale-free network (head layer). It is shown that prevention indeed turns periodic rages of an epidemic into small fluctuation. The study also reveals that, in a certain situation, prevention actually plays an adverse role and helps the disease survive. We argue that the presence of two different characteristic time scales contributes to the immunization dynamics observed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Immunization Dynamics on a 2-layer Network Model","attachmentId":47287481,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27027213/Immunization_Dynamics_on_a_2_layer_Network_Model","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27027213/Immunization_Dynamics_on_a_2_layer_Network_Model"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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