CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bayer designation - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5fefd7c3-7711-40e9-8dca-1749d10ca6dd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bayer_designation","wgTitle":"Bayer designation","wgCurRevisionId":1248163474,"wgRevisionId":1248163474,"wgArticleId":4199,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Astronomical catalogues","Bayer objects"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bayer_designation","wgRelevantArticleId":4199,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{ "tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q105616","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Bayer_Designation_orion.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2045"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Bayer_Designation_orion.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1364"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1091"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bayer designation - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_designation"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_designation"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bayer_designation rootpage-Bayer_designation skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bayer+designation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bayer+designation" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bayer+designation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bayer+designation" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Scheme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scheme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Scheme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scheme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_by_magnitude_class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_by_magnitude_class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Order by magnitude class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_by_magnitude_class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orion_as_an_example" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orion_as_an_example"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Orion as an example</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orion_as_an_example-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bayer's_miscellaneous_labels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bayer's_miscellaneous_labels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bayer's miscellaneous labels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bayer's_miscellaneous_labels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revised_designations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revised_designations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Revised designations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revised_designations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bayer designation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer-naam" title="Bayer-naam – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bayer-naam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="تسمية باير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسمية باير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denominaci%C3%B3n_de_Bayer" title="Denominación de Bayer – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Denominación de Bayer" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95" title="বেয়ার সূচক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেয়ার সূচক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Абазначэнне Баера – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абазначэнне Баера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_de_Bayer" title="Nomenclatura de Bayer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nomenclatura de Bayer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayerovo_ozna%C4%8Den%C3%AD" title="Bayerovo označení – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bayerovo označení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer-Bezeichnung" title="Bayer-Bezeichnung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bayer-Bezeichnung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denominaci%C3%B3n_de_Bayer" title="Denominación de Bayer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Denominación de Bayer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomaro_de_Bayer" title="Nomaro de Bayer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nomaro de Bayer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayerren_izendapena" title="Bayerren izendapena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bayerren izendapena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="نام‌گذاری بایر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام‌گذاری بایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9signation_de_Bayer" title="Désignation de Bayer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Désignation de Bayer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4_%EB%AA%85%EB%AA%85%EB%B2%95" title="바이어 명명법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바이어 명명법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բայերյան անվանակարգություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բայերյան անվանակարգություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="बायर नामांकन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बायर नामांकन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayerovi_objekti" title="Bayerovi objekti – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bayerovi objekti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_Bayer" title="Nama Bayer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama Bayer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer-heiti" title="Bayer-heiti – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bayer-heiti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_di_Bayer" title="Nomenclatura di Bayer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nomenclatura di Bayer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="ציון באייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציון באייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jina_la_Bayer" title="Jina la Bayer – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jina la Bayer" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_Bayeri" title="Character Bayeri – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Character Bayeri" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer-Bezeechnung" title="Bayer-Bezeechnung – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bayer-Bezeechnung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer-f%C3%A9le_jel%C3%B6l%C3%A9s" title="Bayer-féle jelölés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bayer-féle jelölés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Бајерово означување – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бајерово означување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ബെയറുടെ നാമകരണ സമ്പ്രദായം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബെയറുടെ നാമകരണ സമ്പ്രദായം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penamaan_Bayer" title="Penamaan Bayer – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penamaan Bayer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer-aanduiding" title="Bayer-aanduiding – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bayer-aanduiding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="バイエル符号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バイエル符号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Байеран билгалонаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Байеран билгалонаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer-N%C3%B6%C3%B6m" title="Bayer-Nööm – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bayer-Nööm" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer-betegnelse" title="Bayer-betegnelse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bayer-betegnelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਬਾਇਰ ਨਾਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਇਰ ਨਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="باير نومونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="باير نومونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer-Beteken" title="Bayer-Beteken – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bayer-Beteken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oznaczenie_Bayera" title="Oznaczenie Bayera – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oznaczenie Bayera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Bayer" title="Designação de Bayer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Designação de Bayer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denumirea_Bayer" title="Denumirea Bayer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Denumirea Bayer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Обозначения Байера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обозначения Байера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="Bayer designation – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bayer designation" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="Bayer designation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bayer designation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayerovo_ozna%C4%8Denie" title="Bayerovo označenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bayerovo označenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayerjevo_poimenovanje" title="Bayerjevo poimenovanje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bayerjevo poimenovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Бајерове ознаке – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бајерове ознаке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayerin_designaatio" title="Bayerin designaatio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bayerin designaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayerbeteckning" title="Bayerbeteckning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bayerbeteckning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="การตั้งชื่อระบบไบเออร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การตั้งชื่อระบบไบเออร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_belirtmesi" title="Bayer belirtmesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bayer belirtmesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%94%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Позначення Баєра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Позначення Баєра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_Bayer" title="Định danh Bayer – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Định danh Bayer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E8%80%B3%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="拜耳命名法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拜耳命名法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105616#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Bayer_designation" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bayer_designation" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bayer_designation" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&oldid=1248163474" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Bayer_designation&id=1248163474&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBayer_designation"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBayer_designation"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bayer_designation&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105616" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Star naming system</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayer_Designation_orion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bayer_Designation_orion.jpg/220px-Bayer_Designation_orion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bayer_Designation_orion.jpg/330px-Bayer_Designation_orion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Bayer_Designation_orion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>Detail of Bayer's chart for <a href="/wiki/Orion_(constellation)" title="Orion (constellation)">Orion</a> showing the <a href="/wiki/Orion%27s_Belt" title="Orion's Belt">belt stars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orion_Nebula" title="Orion Nebula">Orion Nebula</a> region, with both Greek and Latin letter labels visible</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>Bayer designation</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Stellar_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar designation">stellar designation</a> in which a specific <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">star</a> is identified by a <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> letter followed by the <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive</a> form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1,564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Bayer" title="Johann Bayer">Johann Bayer</a> in 1603, in his star atlas <i><a href="/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria">Uranometria</a></i>. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Louis_de_Lacaille" title="Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille">Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Apthorp_Gould" title="Benjamin Apthorp Gould">Benjamin Apthorp Gould</a>) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scheme">Scheme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Scheme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bayer assigned a lowercase <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek letter</a> (alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ), etc.) or a Latin letter (A, b, c, etc.) to each star he catalogued, combined with the Latin name of the star's parent constellation in <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive</a> (possessive) form. The constellation name is frequently abbreviated to a standard three-letter form.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Aldebaran" title="Aldebaran">Aldebaran</a> in the constellation <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a> (the Bull) is designated <i>α Tauri</i> (abbreviated <i>α Tau</i>, pronounced <i>Alpha Tauri</i>), which means "Alpha of the Bull".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bayer used Greek letters for the brighter stars, but the Greek alphabet has only twenty-four letters, while a single constellation may contain fifty or more stars visible to the naked eye. When the Greek letters ran out, Bayer continued with Latin letters: uppercase <i>A</i>, followed by lowercase <i>b</i> through <i>z</i> (omitting <i>j</i> and <i>v</i>, but <i>o</i> was included), for a total of another 24 letters.<sup id="cite_ref-Ridpath_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridpath-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bayer did not label "permanent" stars with uppercase letters (except for <i>A</i>, which he used instead of <i>a</i> to avoid confusion with <i>α</i>). However, a number of stars in southern constellations have uppercase letter designations, like <a href="/wiki/HD_102964" title="HD 102964">B Centauri</a> and <a href="/wiki/G_Scorpii" title="G Scorpii">G Scorpii</a>. These letters were assigned by later astronomers, notably Lacaille in his <i>Coelum Australe Stelliferum</i> and Gould in his <i>Uranometria Argentina</i>. Lacaille followed Bayer's use of Greek letters, but this was insufficient for many constellations. He used first the lowercase letters, starting with <i>a</i>, and if needed the uppercase letters, starting with <i>A</i>, thus deviating somewhat from Bayer's practice. Lacaille used the Latin alphabet three times over in the large constellation <a href="/wiki/Argo_Navis" title="Argo Navis">Argo Navis</a>, once for each of the three areas that are now the constellations of <a href="/wiki/Carina_(constellation)" title="Carina (constellation)">Carina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puppis" title="Puppis">Puppis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vela_(constellation)" title="Vela (constellation)">Vela</a>. That was still insufficient for the number of stars, so he also used uppercase Latin letters such as <a href="/wiki/HD_82668" class="mw-redirect" title="HD 82668">N Velorum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Q_Puppis" title="Q Puppis">Q Puppis</a>. Lacaille assigned uppercase letters between R and Z in several constellations, but these have either been dropped to allow the assignment of those letters to variable stars or have actually turned out to be variable.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_by_magnitude_class">Order by magnitude class</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Order by magnitude class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In most constellations, Bayer assigned Greek and Latin letters to stars within a constellation in rough order of <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent brightness</a>, from brightest to dimmest. The order is not necessarily a precise labeling from brightest to dimmest: in Bayer's day stellar brightness could not be measured precisely. Instead, stars were traditionally assigned to one of six magnitude classes (the brightest to first magnitude, the dimmest to sixth), and Bayer typically ordered stars within a constellation by class: all the first-magnitude stars (in some order), followed by all the second-magnitude stars, and so on. Within each magnitude class, Bayer made no attempt to arrange stars by relative brightness.<sup id="cite_ref-jha17_50_189_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jha17_50_189-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the brightest star in each class did not always get listed first in Bayer's order—and the brightest star overall did not necessarily get the designation "Alpha". A good example is the constellation <a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_in_Gemini" title="List of stars in Gemini">Gemini</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Pollux_(star)" title="Pollux (star)">Pollux</a> is Beta Geminorum and the slightly dimmer <a href="/wiki/Castor_(star)" title="Castor (star)">Castor</a> is Alpha Geminorum. </p><p>In addition, Bayer did not always follow the magnitude class rule; he sometimes assigned letters to stars according to their location within a constellation, or the order of their rising, or to historical or mythological details. Occasionally the order looks quite arbitrary.<sup id="cite_ref-Ridpath_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridpath-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the 88 modern constellations, there are at least 30 in which Alpha is not the brightest star, and four of those lack a star labeled "Alpha" altogether. The constellations with no Alpha-designated star include <a href="/wiki/Vela_(constellation)" title="Vela (constellation)">Vela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puppis" title="Puppis">Puppis</a>—both formerly part of <a href="/wiki/Argo_Navis" title="Argo Navis">Argo Navis</a>, whose Greek-letter stars were split among three constellations. <a href="/wiki/Canopus" title="Canopus">Canopus</a>, the former α Argus, is now α Carinae in the modern constellation <a href="/wiki/Carina_(constellation)" title="Carina (constellation)">Carina</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norma_(constellation)" title="Norma (constellation)">Norma's</a> Alpha and Beta were reassigned to <a href="/wiki/Scorpius" title="Scorpius">Scorpius</a> and re-designated <a href="/wiki/N_Scorpii" title="N Scorpii">N</a> and <a href="/wiki/H_Scorpii" title="H Scorpii">H Scorpii</a> respectively, leaving Norma with no Alpha. <a href="/wiki/Francis_Baily" title="Francis Baily">Francis Baily</a> died before designating an Alpha in <a href="/wiki/Leo_Minor" title="Leo Minor">Leo Minor</a>, so it also has no Alpha. (The star <a href="/wiki/46_Leonis_Minoris" title="46 Leonis Minoris">46 Leonis Minoris</a> would have been the obvious candidate.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orion_as_an_example">Orion as an example</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Orion as an example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Orion_(constellation)" title="Orion (constellation)">Orion</a>, Bayer first designated <a href="/wiki/Betelgeuse" title="Betelgeuse">Betelgeuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rigel" title="Rigel">Rigel</a>, the two 1st-magnitude stars (those of magnitude 1.5 or less), as Alpha and Beta from north to south, with Betelgeuse (the shoulder) coming ahead of Rigel (the foot), even though the latter is usually the brighter. (Betelgeuse is a variable star and can at its maximum occasionally outshine Rigel.)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bayer then repeated the procedure for the stars of the 2nd magnitude, labeling them from <i>gamma</i> through <i>zeta</i> in "top-down" (north-to-south) order. Letters as far as Latin <i>p</i> were used for stars of the sixth magnitude. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orion_constellation_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Orion_constellation_map.svg/310px-Orion_constellation_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Orion_constellation_map.svg/465px-Orion_constellation_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Orion_constellation_map.svg/620px-Orion_constellation_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orion_(constellation)" title="Orion (constellation)">Orion</a> constellation map</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><span class="nowrap">Bayer's brightest three classes of stars in Orion</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Bayer<br />Designation</th> <th>Bayer's class</th> <th>Apparent<br />Magnitude</th> <th>Proper<br />Name </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%91_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Α Orionis">α Orionis</a> </td> <td>First </td> <td>0.45 </td> <td>Betelgeuse </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%92_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Β Orionis">β Orionis</a> </td> <td>First </td> <td>0.18 </td> <td>Rigel </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%93_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ Orionis">γ Orionis</a> </td> <td>Second </td> <td>1.64 </td> <td>Bellatrix </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%94_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ Orionis">δ Orionis</a> </td> <td>Second </td> <td>2.23 </td> <td>Mintaka </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%95_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ε Orionis">ε Orionis</a> </td> <td>Second </td> <td>1.69 </td> <td>Alnilam </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%96_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ζ Orionis">ζ Orionis</a> </td> <td>Second </td> <td>1.70 </td> <td>Alnitak </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%97_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Η Orionis">η Orionis</a> </td> <td>Third </td> <td>3.42 </td> <td>Algjebbah </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%98_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Θ Orionis">θ Orionis</a> </td> <td>Third </td> <td> </td> <td>(Orion nebula) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%99_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ι Orionis">ι Orionis</a> </td> <td>Third </td> <td>2.77 </td> <td>Hatysa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Κ Orionis">κ Orionis</a> </td> <td>Third </td> <td>2.07 </td> <td>Saiph </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bayer's_miscellaneous_labels"><span id="Bayer.27s_miscellaneous_labels"></span>Bayer's miscellaneous labels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bayer's miscellaneous labels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Bayer did not use uppercase Latin letters (except <i>A</i>) for "fixed stars", he did use them to label other items shown on his charts, such as neighboring constellations, "temporary stars", miscellaneous astronomical objects, or reference lines like the Tropic of Cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-LostStars_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LostStars-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 131">: p. 131 </span></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(constellation)" title="Cygnus (constellation)">Cygnus</a>, for example, Bayer's fixed stars run through <i>g</i>, and on this chart Bayer employs <i>H</i> through <i>P</i> as miscellaneous labels, mostly for neighboring constellations. Bayer did not intend such labels as catalog designations, but some have survived to refer to astronomical objects: <a href="/wiki/P_Cygni" title="P Cygni">P Cygni</a> for example is still used as a designation for Nova Cyg 1600. Tycho's Star (<a href="/wiki/SN_1572" title="SN 1572">SN 1572</a>), another "temporary star", appears as B Cassiopeiae. In charts for constellations that did not exhaust the Greek letters, Bayer sometimes used the leftover Greek letters for miscellaneous labels as well.<sup id="cite_ref-LostStars_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LostStars-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 131">: p. 131 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revised_designations">Revised designations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Revised designations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> designated four stars as "border stars", each shared by two constellations: <a href="/wiki/Alpheratz" title="Alpheratz">Alpheratz</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" title="Andromeda (constellation)">Andromeda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(constellation)" title="Pegasus (constellation)">Pegasus</a>), <a href="/wiki/Elnath" class="mw-redirect" title="Elnath">Elnath</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auriga_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auriga (constellation)">Auriga</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nu_Bo%C3%B6tis" title="Nu Boötis">Nu Boötis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nu1_Bo%C3%B6tis" title="Nu1 Boötis">Nu<sup>1</sup></a> and <a href="/wiki/Nu2_Bo%C3%B6tis" title="Nu2 Boötis">Nu<sup>2</sup></a>)(in <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes" title="Boötes">Boötes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hercules_(constellation)" title="Hercules (constellation)">Hercules</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Fomalhaut" title="Fomalhaut">Fomalhaut</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Piscis_Austrinus" title="Piscis Austrinus">Piscis Austrinus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(constellation)" title="Aquarius (constellation)">Aquarius</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-LostStars_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LostStars-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 23">: p. 23 </span></sup> Bayer assigned the first three of these stars a Greek letter from both constellations: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha Andromedae">Alpha Andromedae</a> = Delta Pegasi</span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beta_Tauri" title="Beta Tauri">Beta Tauri</a> = Gamma Aurigae</span>, and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nu_Bo%C3%B6tis" title="Nu Boötis">Nu Boötis</a> = Psi Herculis</span>. (He catalogued Fomalhaut only once, as <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Piscis_Austrini" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha Piscis Austrini">Alpha Piscis Austrini</a>.) When the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> (IAU) assigned definite boundaries to the constellations in 1930, it declared that stars and other celestial objects can belong to only one constellation. Consequently, the redundant second designation in each pair above has dropped out of use.<sup id="cite_ref-iau2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iau2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bayer assigned two stars duplicate names by mistake: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Arietis" title="Xi Arietis">Xi Arietis</a></span> (duplicated as <span class="nowrap">Psi Ceti</span>) and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Ceti" title="Kappa Ceti">Kappa Ceti</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Kappa1_Ceti" title="Kappa1 Ceti">Kappa<sup>1</sup></a> and <a href="/wiki/Kappa2_Ceti" title="Kappa2 Ceti">Kappa<sup>2</sup></a>) (duplicated as <span class="nowrap">g Tauri</span>). He corrected these in a later atlas, and the duplicate names were no longer used.<sup id="cite_ref-LostStars_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LostStars-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 23">: p. 23 </span></sup> </p><p>Other cases of multiple Bayer designations arose when stars named by Bayer in one constellation were transferred by later astronomers to a different constellation. Bayer's Gamma and Omicron Scorpii, for example, were later reassigned from <a href="/wiki/Scorpius" title="Scorpius">Scorpius</a> to <a href="/wiki/Libra_(constellation)" title="Libra (constellation)">Libra</a> and given the new names <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Librae" title="Sigma Librae">Sigma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upsilon_Librae" title="Upsilon Librae">Upsilon Librae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LostStars_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LostStars-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 196">: p. 196 </span></sup> (To add to the confusion, the star now known as <a href="/wiki/Omicron_Scorpii" title="Omicron Scorpii">Omicron Scorpii</a> was not named by Bayer but was assigned the designation o Scorpii (Latin lowercase 'o') by Lacaille—which later astronomers misinterpreted as omicron once Bayer's omicron had been reassigned to Libra.)<sup id="cite_ref-LostStars_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LostStars-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 278">: p. 278 </span></sup> </p><p>A few stars no longer lie (according to the modern constellation boundaries) within the constellation for which they are named. The <a href="/wiki/Proper_motion" title="Proper motion">proper motion</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rho_Aquilae" title="Rho Aquilae">Rho Aquilae</a>, for example, carried it across the boundary into <a href="/wiki/Delphinus" title="Delphinus">Delphinus</a> in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-moore_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hirshfeld_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hirshfeld-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A further complication is the use of numeric superscripts to distinguish neighboring stars that Bayer (or a later astronomer) labeled with a common letter. Usually these are <a href="/wiki/Double_star" title="Double star">double stars</a> (mostly optical doubles rather than true <a href="/wiki/Binary_star" title="Binary star">binary stars</a>), but there are some exceptions such as the chain of stars <a href="/wiki/Pi1_Orionis" title="Pi1 Orionis">π<sup>1</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Pi2_Orionis" title="Pi2 Orionis">π<sup>2</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Pi3_Orionis" title="Pi3 Orionis">π<sup>3</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Pi4_Orionis" title="Pi4 Orionis">π<sup>4</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Pi5_Orionis" title="Pi5 Orionis">π<sup>5</sup></a> and <a href="/wiki/Pi6_Orionis" title="Pi6 Orionis">π<sup>6</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Pi_Orionis" title="Pi Orionis">Orionis</a>. The most stars given the same Bayer designation but with an extra number attached to it is <a href="/wiki/Psi_Aurigae" title="Psi Aurigae">Psi Aurigae</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Psi1_Aurigae" title="Psi1 Aurigae">ψ<sup>1</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi2_Aurigae" title="Psi2 Aurigae">ψ<sup>2</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi3_Aurigae" title="Psi3 Aurigae">ψ<sup>3</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi4_Aurigae" title="Psi4 Aurigae">ψ<sup>4</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi5_Aurigae" title="Psi5 Aurigae">ψ<sup>5</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi6_Aurigae" title="Psi6 Aurigae">ψ<sup>6</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi7_Aurigae" title="Psi7 Aurigae">ψ<sup>7</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi8_Aurigae" title="Psi8 Aurigae">ψ<sup>8</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi9_Aurigae" title="Psi9 Aurigae">ψ<sup>9</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/16_Lyncis" title="16 Lyncis">ψ<sup>10</sup></a>, although according to the modern IAU constellation boundaries, ψ<sup>10</sup> lies in <a href="/wiki/Lynx_(constellation)" title="Lynx (constellation)">Lynx</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flamsteed_designation" title="Flamsteed designation">Flamsteed designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gould_designation" title="Gould designation">Gould designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_constellations" title="Lists of constellations">Lists of constellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_catalogue" title="Star catalogue">Star catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_designations_and_names" title="Stellar designations and names">Stellar designations and names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_stars_with_Bayer_designations" title="Table of stars with Bayer designations">Table of stars with Bayer designations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_star_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable star designation">Variable star designation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRabinowitz,_HaroldVogel,_Suzanne2009" class="citation book cs1">Rabinowitz, Harold; Vogel, Suzanne (12 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YZCqJzffR20C&pg=PA363"><i>The Manual of Scientific Style: A Guide for Authors, Editors, and Researchers</i></a>. Elsevier. pp. 363ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-055796-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-055796-0"><bdi>978-0-08-055796-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manual+of+Scientific+Style%3A+A+Guide+for+Authors%2C+Editors%2C+and+Researchers&rft.pages=363ff&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft.isbn=978-0-08-055796-0&rft.au=Rabinowitz%2C+Harold&rft.au=Vogel%2C+Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYZCqJzffR20C%26pg%3DPA363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABayer+designation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayer1987" class="citation book cs1">Bayer, Johann (1987). <i>Uranometria</i>. Archival Facsimiles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1852970219" title="Special:BookSources/1852970219"><bdi>1852970219</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uranometria&rft.pub=Archival+Facsimiles&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=1852970219&rft.aulast=Bayer&rft.aufirst=Johann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABayer+designation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ridpath-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ridpath_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ridpath_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidpath1989" class="citation book cs1">Ridpath, Ian (1989). "Bayer's <i>Uranometria</i> and Bayer letters". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/bayer.html"><i>Star Tales</i></a>. Lutterworth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0718826957" title="Special:BookSources/0718826957"><bdi>0718826957</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bayer%27s+Uranometria+and+Bayer+letters&rft.btitle=Star+Tales&rft.pub=Lutterworth+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0718826957&rft.aulast=Ridpath&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianridpath.com%2Fstartales%2Fbayer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABayer+designation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LIo_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7"><i>Coelum australe stelliferum ...</i></a> H.L. Guerin & L.F. Delatour. 1763. pp. 7ff – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coelum+australe+stelliferum+...&rft.pages=7ff&rft.pub=H.L.+Guerin+%26+L.F.+Delatour&rft.date=1763&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLIo_AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABayer+designation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jha17_50_189-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jha17_50_189_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwerdlow1986" class="citation journal cs1">Swerdlow, N. M. (August 1986). "A Star Catalogue Used by Johannes Bayer". <i>Journal for the History of Astronomy</i>. <b>17</b> (50): 189–197. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JHA....17..189S">1986JHA....17..189S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002182868601700304">10.1177/002182868601700304</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118829690">118829690</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.atitle=A+Star+Catalogue+Used+by+Johannes+Bayer&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=50&rft.pages=189-197&rft.date=1986-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A118829690%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002182868601700304&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986JHA....17..189S&rft.aulast=Swerdlow&rft.aufirst=N.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABayer+designation" class="Z3988"></span> See p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Moore1996" class="citation book cs1">Patrick Moore (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uWEOGwAACAAJ"><i>Brilliant Stars</i></a>. Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-34903-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-34903-6"><bdi>978-0-304-34903-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brilliant+Stars&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-304-34903-6&rft.au=Patrick+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuWEOGwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABayer+designation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LostStars-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LostStars_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LostStars_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LostStars_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LostStars_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LostStars_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LostStars_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagman2003" class="citation book cs1">Wagman, Morton (2003). <i>Lost Stars</i>. McDonald & Woodward. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0939923785" title="Special:BookSources/0939923785"><bdi>0939923785</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Stars&rft.pub=McDonald+%26+Woodward&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0939923785&rft.aulast=Wagman&rft.aufirst=Morton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABayer+designation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iau2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iau2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugène_DelporteInternational_Astronomical_Union1930" class="citation book cs1">Eugène Delporte; International Astronomical Union (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v3XvAAAAMAAJ"><i>Délimitation scientifique des constellations</i></a>. At the University press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9limitation+scientifique+des+constellations&rft.pub=At+the+University+press&rft.date=1930&rft.au=Eug%C3%A8ne+Delporte&rft.au=International+Astronomical+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv3XvAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABayer+designation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moore-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-moore_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Moore2013" class="citation book cs1">Patrick Moore (29 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p87TBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132"><i>The Observer's Year: 366 Nights of the Universe</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 132–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4471-3613-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4471-3613-2"><bdi>978-1-4471-3613-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Observer%27s+Year%3A+366+Nights+of+the+Universe&rft.pages=132-&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013-06-29&rft.isbn=978-1-4471-3613-2&rft.au=Patrick+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp87TBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABayer+designation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hirshfeld-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hirshfeld_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirshfeldSinnottOchsenbeinLemay1992" class="citation journal cs1">Hirshfeld, A.; et al. (August 1992). "Book-Review - Sky Catalogue 2000.0 - V.1 - Stars to Magnitude 8.0 ED.2". <i>Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada</i>. <b>86</b> (4): 221. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JRASC..86..221L">1992JRASC..86..221L</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Book-Review+-+Sky+Catalogue+2000.0+-+V.1+-+Stars+to+Magnitude+8.0+ED.2&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=221&rft.date=1992-08&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992JRASC..86..221L&rft.aulast=Hirshfeld&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Sinnott%2C+R.+W.&rft.au=Ochsenbein%2C+F.&rft.au=Lemay%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABayer+designation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the article <i><a href="/wiki/88_modern_constellations" class="mw-redirect" title="88 modern constellations">88 modern constellations</a></i> for a list of the genitive forms and the constellations' standard abbreviations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The letters of the Greek alphabet were <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">used in antiquity as numerals</a>, however in a different way.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&oldid=1248163474">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&oldid=1248163474</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Astronomical_catalogues" title="Category:Astronomical catalogues">Astronomical catalogues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bayer_objects" title="Category:Bayer objects">Bayer objects</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 September 2024, at 01:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bayer_designation&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-68pwz","wgBackendResponseTime":164,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.243","walltime":"0.301","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2505,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":22292,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1553,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":38384,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 250.086 1 -total"," 51.19% 128.012 2 Template:Reflist"," 37.62% 94.085 8 Template:Cite_book"," 25.38% 63.480 1 Template:Short_description"," 16.67% 41.696 6 Template:Rp"," 14.82% 37.051 6 Template:R/superscript"," 13.09% 32.731 2 Template:Pagetype"," 8.29% 20.730 5 Template:Main_other"," 7.44% 18.599 1 Template:SDcat"," 7.16% 17.918 18 Template:R/where"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.122","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5433584,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zpn8c","timestamp":"20241122140701","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bayer designation","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bayer_designation","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q105616","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q105616","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-19T14:18:32Z","dateModified":"2024-09-28T01:03:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/32\/Bayer_Designation_orion.jpg","headline":"star naming system in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name"}</script> </body> </html>