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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifetime_of_Muhammad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Lifetime of Muhammad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifetime_of_Muhammad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mubahala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mubahala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Mubahala </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mubahala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_of_Muhammad_and_Fatima_(632)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_of_Muhammad_and_Fatima_(632)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Death of Muhammad and Fatima (632) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_of_Muhammad_and_Fatima_(632)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rashidun_caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rashidun_caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Rashidun caliphate </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rashidun_caliphate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Rashidun caliphate subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Rashidun_caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caliphates_of_Abu_Bakr,_Umar,_and_Uthman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caliphates_of_Abu_Bakr,_Umar,_and_Uthman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Caliphates of Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caliphates_of_Abu_Bakr,_Umar,_and_Uthman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caliphate_of_Ali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caliphate_of_Ali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Caliphate of Ali </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caliphate_of_Ali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caliphate_of_Hasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caliphate_of_Hasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Caliphate of Hasan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Caliphate_of_Hasan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Caliphate of Hasan subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Caliphate_of_Hasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conflict_with_Mu'awiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_with_Mu'awiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Conflict with Mu'awiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_with_Mu'awiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mobilization_of_Iraqi_troops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobilization_of_Iraqi_troops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Mobilization of Iraqi troops </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobilization_of_Iraqi_troops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mutiny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mutiny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Mutiny </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mutiny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desertions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desertions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Desertions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desertions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treaty_with_Mu'awiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_with_Mu'awiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 Treaty with Mu'awiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_with_Mu'awiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Terms_of_the_treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terms_of_the_treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4.1 Terms of the treaty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terms_of_the_treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abdication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abdication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Abdication </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abdication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Retirement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Death </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Death-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Death subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Complicity_of_Mu'awiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complicity_of_Mu'awiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Complicity of Mu'awiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complicity_of_Mu'awiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Historical accounts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forensics_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forensics_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Forensics investigation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forensics_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Burial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Family life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Family life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Family_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Number_of_consorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_consorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Number of consorts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_consorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divorces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divorces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Divorces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divorces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessment_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Assessment and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Assessment_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Assessment and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Assessment_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appearance_and_temperament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance_and_temperament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Appearance and temperament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearance_and_temperament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abdication_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abdication_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Abdication </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abdication_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muslim_view" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslim_view"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Muslim view </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslim_view-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 Quran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mu'tazila_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mu'tazila_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.2 Mu'tazila Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mu'tazila_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sunni_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunni_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.3 Sunni Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunni_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shia_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shia_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.4 Shia Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shia_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miracles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miracles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.5 Miracles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miracles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Literature and TV </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literature_and_TV-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Literature and TV subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Hasan ibn Ali</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" > 67 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A" title="الحسن بن علي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحسن بن علي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99s%C9%99n_ibn_%C6%8Fli" title="Həsən ibn Əli – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Həsən ibn Əli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86" title="ایمام حسن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایمام حسن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="হাসান ইবনে আলী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাসান ইবনে আলী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan" title="Hasan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hasan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Хәсән ибн Али – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хәсән ибн Али" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-H%C3%A0ssan_ibn_Al%C3%AD" title="Al-Hàssan ibn Alí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Al-Hàssan ibn Alí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Al%C3%AD" title="Hasan ibn Alí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hasan ibn Alí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A" title="الحسن بن علي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الحسن بن علي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hasan_ibn_%CA%BFAl%C4%AB" title="Al-Hasan ibn ʿAlī – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Al-Hasan ibn ʿAlī" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD_%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AF" title="Χασάν ιμπν Αλί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χασάν ιμπν Αλί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="حسن مجتبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حسن مجتبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hassan_ibn_Ali" title="Al-Hassan ibn Ali – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Al-Hassan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%82%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90_%EC%95%8C%EB%A6%AC" title="하산 이븐 알리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하산 이븐 알리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhasan_%C9%97an_Ali" title="Alhasan ɗan Ali – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Alhasan ɗan Ali" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="हसन इब्न अली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हसन इब्न अली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_bin_Ali" title="Hasan bin Ali – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hasan bin Ali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Al-Hasan ibn Ali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Al-Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99" title="חסן בן עלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חסן בן עלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_bin_Ali" title="Hasan bin Ali – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hasan bin Ali" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86" title="امام حسن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="امام حسن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Хасан ибн Әли – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хасан ибн Әли" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesen_bin_El%C3%AE" title="Hesen bin Elî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hesen bin Elî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasanas_ibn_Ali" title="Hasanas ibn Ali – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hasanas ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Haszan_ibn_Ali" title="Al-Haszan ibn Ali – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Al-Haszan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹസൻ ഇബ്നു അലി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹസൻ ഇബ്നു അലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89" title="الحسن بن على – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحسن بن على" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C" title="حسن بن علی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="حسن بن علی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_bin_Ali" title="Hassan bin Ali – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hassan bin Ali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_ibn_Ali" title="Hassan ibn Ali – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hassan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ハサン・イブン・アリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハサン・イブン・アリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хьасан ибн Ӏалий – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хьасан ибн Ӏалий" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C" title="حسن ابن علی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حسن ابن علی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A" title="حسن بن علي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="حسن بن علي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C3%A7ane_ibne_Ali" title="Haçane ibne Ali – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Haçane ibne Ali" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan" title="Hasan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hasan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Хасан ибн Али – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хасан ибн Али" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%B0" title="امام حسن مجتبیٰ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="امام حسن مجتبیٰ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasani" title="Hasani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hasani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A" title="حسن ابن علي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حسن ابن علي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xasan" title="Xasan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xasan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C" title="حەسەن کوڕی عەلی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="حەسەن کوڕی عەلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_bin_Ali" title="Hasan bin Ali – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hasan bin Ali" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hasan ibn Ali" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="அல் ஹசன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அல் ஹசன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80" title="హసన్ ఇబ్న్ అలీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హసన్ ఇబ్న్ అలీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ฮะซัน อิบน์ อะลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮะซัน อิบน์ อะลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Ҳасан ибни Алӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳасан ибни Алӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_bin_Ali" title="Hasan bin Ali – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hasan bin Ali" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Хасан ібн Алі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хасан ібн Алі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C" title="حسن ابن علی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حسن ابن علی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%89" title="ھەسەن ئىبنى ئەلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھەسەن ئىبنى ئەلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%9C" title="哈桑·本·阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈桑·本·阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesen" title="Hesen – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hesen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Grandson of Muhammad and the second Shia Imam (625–670)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the American jazz pianist and composer, see <a href="/wiki/Hasaan_Ibn_Ali" title="Hasaan Ibn Ali">Hasaan Ibn Ali</a>. For the 11th Twelver Imam, see <a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hasan ibn Ali al-Askari</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Hasan ibn Ali الْحَسَنِ بْن عَلِيّ</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mujtaba" title="Mujtaba">Al-Mujtaba</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><a href="/wiki/File:Hagia_sophia_symbol1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="1136" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Calligraphic seal featuring Hasan's name, on display in the <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">28 January 661 – August 661</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya I</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> caliph) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Non-governmental responsibility </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#ded;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imam</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 28 January 661 – 2 April 670</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 625 <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 April 670(670-04-02) (aged 44) Medina, <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqi_Cemetery" title="Al-Baqi Cemetery">Al-Baqi Cemetery</a>, Medina</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Hafsa bint Abd al-Rahman</li> <li>Hind bint Suhayl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27da_bint_al-Ash%27ath" title="Ja'da bint al-Ash'ath">Ja'da bint al-Ash'ath</a></li> <li>Khawla bint Manzur</li> <li>Umm Bashir bint Abi Mas'ud</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Ishaq_bint_Talha_ibn_Ubayd_Allah" title="Umm Ishaq bint Talha ibn Ubayd Allah">Umm Ishaq bint Talha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Abd Allah ibn Hasan ibn Ali">Abd Allah</a></li> <li>Abd al-Rahman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Abu Bakr ibn Hasan ibn Ali">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li>Amr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishr_ibn_Hasan" title="Bishr ibn Hasan">Bishr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Hasan</a></li> <li>Husayn (Athram)</li> <li>Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_ibn_Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Al-Qasim ibn Hasan ibn Ali">Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talha_ibn_Hasan" title="Talha ibn Hasan">Talha</a></li> <li>Zayd</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_bint_Hasan" title="Fatima bint Hasan">Fatima</a></li> <li>Ruqayya</li> <li>Umm al-Hasan</li> <li>Umm al-Husayn</li> <li>Umm Salama</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Tribe</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:lavender;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hasan ibn Ali</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Hagia_sophia_symbol1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hasan ibn Ali"><img alt="Hasan ibn Ali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-Hagia_sophia_symbol1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="1136" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:2px 0px;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Family</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:2px 0px 0px 0px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of Ali">Family tree of Hasan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:2px 0px;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Life</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Event of Mubahala</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Life_under_the_first_four_Caliphs">Life under the first four Caliphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Fitna" title="First Fitna">First Fitna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan%E2%80%93Muawiya_treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan–Muawiya treaty">Abdication</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Death_and_aftermath">Poisoning</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:2px 0px;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Battles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Camel" title="Battle of the Camel">The Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin" title="Battle of Siffin">Siffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nahrawan" title="Battle of Nahrawan">Nahrawan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:2px 0px;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Perspectives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Kisa" title="Ahl al-Kisa">Ahl al-kisa'</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Caliphate">Hasan as Caliph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fourteen_Infallibles" title="The Fourteen Infallibles">The Fourteen Infallibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">Imam</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Imams" class="mw-redirect" title="The Twelve Imams">The Twelve Imams</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border: 0;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Ghadir_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/16px-Ghadir_logo.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/24px-Ghadir_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/32px-Ghadir_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Shia_Islam" title="Portal:Shia Islam">Shia Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Template:Hasan ibn Ali"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Template talk:Hasan ibn Ali"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hasan ibn Ali"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:188%;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Shia_Islam" title="Category:Shia Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghadir_Logo_Vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ghadir_Logo_Vector.svg/110px-Ghadir_Logo_Vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ghadir_Logo_Vector.svg/165px-Ghadir_Logo_Vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ghadir_Logo_Vector.svg/220px-Ghadir_Logo_Vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Beliefs and practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophethood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">Ismaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Twelver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Zaydi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of angels">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Judgment Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourning_of_Muharram" title="Mourning of Muharram">Mourning of Muharram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Intercession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_clergy" title="Shia clergy">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Companions" title="The Four Companions">The Four Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%CA%BDeen_Pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage">Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Shia_days_of_remembrance" title="Shia days of remembrance">Days of remembrance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashura" title="Ashura">Ashura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27een" class="mw-redirect" title="Arba'een">Arba'een</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Ghadir_Khumm" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Ghadir Khumm">Eid al-Ghadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourning_of_Muharram" title="Mourning of Muharram">Mourning of Muharram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Koshan" title="Omar Koshan">Omar Koshan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shia_Islam" title="History of Shia Islam">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verse_of_purification" title="Verse of purification">Verse of purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith_of_the_two_weighty_things" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadith of the two weighty things">Two weighty things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_the_mubahala" title="Event of the mubahala">Mubahala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith_of_the_pond_of_Khumm" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadith of the pond of Khumm">Khumm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_at_Fatimah%27s_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar at Fatimah's house">Fatimah's house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Fitna" title="First Fitna">First Fitna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">Battle of Karbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_Shia_Islam" title="Origin of Shia Islam">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Persecution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam#Branches" title="Shia Islam">Branches and sects</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_school" title="Ja'fari school">Ja'fari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhbari" title="Akhbari">Akhbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usulism" title="Usulism">Usuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykhism" title="Shaykhism">Shaykhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansar Allah">Houthi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musta%CA%BDli_Ismailism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustaʽli Ismailism">Musta'li</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Progressive Dawoodi Bohra">Progressive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebtiahs_Bohra" title="Hebtiahs Bohra">Hebtiahs Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atba-i-Malak" class="mw-redirect" title="Atba-i-Malak">Atba-i-Malak Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaymani_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaymani Bohra">Sulaymani Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavi Bohra">Alavi Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbi Bohra">Qutbi Bohra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizari">Nizari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoja" title="Khoja">Khoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpanth" title="Satpanth">Satpanth</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulat" title="Ghulat">Ghulat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alevi">Alevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bektashism_and_folk_religion" title="Bektashism and folk religion">Bektashism and folk religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishiki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_Shia_sects" title="List of extinct Shia sects">Extinct Shi'a sects</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Kisa" title="Ahl al-Kisa">Ahl al-Kisa</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_view_of_Ali" title="Shia view of Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_view_of_Fatima" title="Shia view of Fatima">Fatima</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Holy women</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadija_bint_Khuwaylid" title="Khadija bint Khuwaylid">Khadija bint Khuwaylid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Salama" title="Umm Salama">Umm Salama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaynab_bint_Ali" title="Zaynab bint Ali">Zaynab bint Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Kulthum_bint_Ali" title="Umm Kulthum bint Ali">Umm Kulthum bint Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Banin" title="Umm al-Banin">Umm al-Banin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_bint_Hasan" title="Fatima bint Hasan">Fatima bint Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruqayya_bint_Husayn" title="Ruqayya bint Husayn">Ruqayya bint Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubab_bint_Imra_al-Qais" title="Rubab bint Imra al-Qais">Rubab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrbanu" title="Shahrbanu">Shahrbanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_bint_Musa" title="Fatima bint Musa">Fatima bint Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakimah_Kh%C4%81t%C5%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakimah Khātūn">Hakimah Khātūn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narjis" title="Narjis">Narjis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimah_bint_Asad" title="Fatimah bint Asad">Fatimah bint Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Farwah_bint_al-Qasim" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim">Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruqayya_bint_Ali" title="Ruqayya bint Ali">Ruqayya bint Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyida_Nafisa" title="Sayyida Nafisa">Sayyida Nafisa</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/File:Ghadir_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/16px-Ghadir_logo.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/24px-Ghadir_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/32px-Ghadir_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Shia_Islam" title="Portal:Shia Islam">Shia Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shia_Islam" title="Template:Shia Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shia_Islam" title="Template talk:Shia Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shia_Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shia Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Hasan ibn Ali (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: الْحَسَنِ بْن عَلِيّ, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 625 – 2 April 670) was an <a href="/wiki/Alids" title="Alids">Alid</a> political and religious leader. The eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a> and a grandson of the Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, Hasan briefly ruled as <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_caliphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashidun caliphate">Rashidun caliph</a> from January 661 until August 661. He is considered as the second <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>, succeeding Ali and preceding his brother <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a>. As a grandson of the prophet, he is part of the <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-bayt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl al-bayt">ahl al-bayt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-kisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl al-kisa">ahl al-kisa</a>, and also participated in the <a href="/wiki/Event_of_the_mubahala" title="Event of the mubahala">event of the mubahala</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Ali_as_Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali as Caliph">caliphate of Ali</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 656–661), Hasan accompanied him in the military campaigns of the <a href="/wiki/First_Fitna" title="First Fitna">First Fitna</a>. Following <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ali" title="Assassination of Ali">Ali's assassination</a> in January 661, Hasan was acknowledged caliph in <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>. His sovereignty was not recognized by <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya I</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 661–680), the governor of Syria, who led an army into Kufa while pressing Hasan for abdication in letters. In response, Hasan sent a vanguard under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubayd_Allah_ibn_al-Abbas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubayd Allah ibn al-Abbas (page does not exist)">Ubayd Allah ibn al-Abbas</a> to block Mu'awiya's advance until he arrived with the main army. Meanwhile, Hasan was severely wounded in an abortive assassination attempt by the <a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijites</a>, a faction opposed to both Ali and Mu'awiya. This attack demoralized Hasan's army and led to widespread desertion. Ubayd Allah and most of his troops also defected after Mu'awiya bribed him. In August 661, Hasan signed a peace treaty with Mu'awiya on the condition that the latter should rule in compliance with the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">sunna</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">council</a> should appoint his successor, and Hasan's supporters would receive amnesty. Hasan retired from politics and abdicated in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> where he died either from illness or poisoning, though the early sources are nearly unanimous that he was poisoned. Mu'awiya is commonly viewed as the instigator in the murder of Hasan, which removed an obstacle to the succession of his son <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid I</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 680–683). Critics of Hasan call his treaty with Mu'awiya an indication of weakness, saying that he intended to surrender from the beginning. Given Mu'awiya's military superiority, supporters of Hasan maintain that his abdication was inevitable after his soldiers mutinied and that he was motivated by the desire for unity and peace among Muslims, which was reportedly predicted by Muhammad in a Sunni <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>. Another Sunni hadith, also attributed to Muhammad, predicted that the prophetic succession would last for thirty years, which may have been interpreted by some early Sunni scholars as evidence that Hasan's caliphate was <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">rightly-guided</a> (rāshid). In Shia theology, the divine infallibility (<a href="/wiki/Ismah" title="Ismah">isma</a>) of Hasan as the second Shia Imam further justified his course of action. As the rightful successor of Muhammad in Shia Islam, Hasan's all-inclusive temporal and religious authority came from divinely-inspired designation (<a href="/wiki/Nass_(Islam)" title="Nass (Islam)">nass</a>), which was not annulled by abdication to Mu'awiya, who usurped only the temporal authority. The imamate and caliphate are viewed as separate institutions in Shia Islam until such time that God would make the Imam victorious. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of Ali">Family tree of Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad" title="Family tree of Muhammad">Family tree of Muhammad</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth">Birth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth">edit</a>]</div> Hasan was born in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 625. Sources differ on whether he was born in the Islamic months of <a href="/wiki/Sha%27ban" title="Sha'ban">Sha'ban</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ramadan_(calendar_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramadan (calendar month)">Ramadan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrowne1928392-1">[1]</a> though most early works give his birthdate as 15 Ramadan 3 AH (2 March 625 CE),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> which is annually celebrated by the Shia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1985239-3">[3]</a> Hasan was the firstborn of Muhammad's daughter <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a> and his cousin <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoonawalaKohlberg1985-4">[4]</a> Their union holds a special spiritual significance for Muslims, write <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Nasr" class="mw-redirect" title="Hossein Nasr">Nasr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asma_Afsaruddin" title="Asma Afsaruddin">Afsaruddin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrAfsaruddin2021-5">[5]</a> and Muhammad said he followed divine orders to marry Fatima to Ali, narrates the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">al-Suyuti</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1505), among others.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuehler2014186-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202156-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrAfsaruddin2021-5">[5]</a> Ali reportedly had chosen another name in Sunni sources but deferred to Muhammad who named the child Hasan (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'good, virtuous').<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaj-Manouchehri2013532-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> To celebrate his birth, Muhammad sacrificed a ram, while Fatima shaved Hasan's head and donated the weight of his hair in silver.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifetime_of_Muhammad">Lifetime of Muhammad</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lifetime of Muhammad">edit</a>]</div> Hasan was raised in Muhammad's household until the age of seven when his grandfather died.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> Early sources widely report Muhammad's love for Hasan and his brother Husayn,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198526-9">[9]</a> saying that Muhammad allowed the boys to climb on his back while he was prostrate in prayer,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> and interrupted a sermon to pick Hasan up after his grandson fell.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198526-9">[9]</a> On one occasion, Hasan later recalled, his grandfather took away a date from him and explained that receiving alms (<a href="/wiki/Sadaqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadaqa">sadaqa</a>) was forbidden for his family.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971240-11">[11]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'saying') in the canonical Sunni collection <a href="/wiki/Sunan_ibn_Majah" title="Sunan ibn Majah">Sunan ibn Majah</a> names Hasan and Husayn as the sayyids (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'chiefs') of the youth in the paradise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198526,_326-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung</a> adds that this hadith is widely reported,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Laura_Veccia_Vaglieri" title="Laura Veccia Vaglieri">Veccia Vaglieri</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1989) notes that its authenticity was disputed by the Umayyad <a href="/wiki/Marwan_I" title="Marwan I">Marwan</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 684–685).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> The same source and the canonical Shia source <a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Irshad" title="Kitab al-Irshad">Kitab al-Irshad</a> narrate the prophetic hadith, "He who has loved Hasan and Husayn has loved me and he who has hated them has hated me."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198526-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPierce201670-13">[13]</a> Similarly, the canonical Sunni source <a href="/wiki/Jami%CA%BD_al-Tirmidhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiʽ al-Tirmidhi">Sahih al-Tirmidhi</a> ascribes to Muhammad, "Whoever loves me and loves these two [Hasan and Husayn] and loves their mother and father [Fatima and Ali], will be with me in my station on the <a href="/wiki/Judgement_Day_in_Islam" title="Judgement Day in Islam">Day of Resurrection</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198515,_325-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mubahala">Mubahala</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mubahala">edit</a>]</div> After an inconclusive debate in 10/631-2, Muhammad and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_community_of_Najran" title="Christian community of Najran">Najranite Christians</a> decided to engage in mubuhala, where both parties would pray to invoke God's curse upon the liar. Madelung argues that Muhammad participated in this event alongside Hasan, Husayn, and their parents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716-15">[15]</a> This is also the Shia view.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201371–2-16">[16]</a> In contrast, most Sunni accounts by <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">al-Tabari</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 923) do not name the participants of the event, while some other Sunni historians agree with the Shia view.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198514-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-AsherKofsky2002141-18">[18]</a> During the event, Muhammad gathered Hasan, Husayn, Ali, and Fatima under his cloak and addressed them as his <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-bayt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl al-bayt">ahl al-bayt</a>, according to some Shia and Sunni sources,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgar1984-20">[20]</a> including the canonical <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a> and Sahih al-Tirmidhi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_325-21">[21]</a> Madelung suggests that their inclusion by Muhammad in this significant ritual must have raised the religious rank of his family.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716-15">[15]</a> A similar view is voiced by Lalani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani200029-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_of_Muhammad_and_Fatima_(632)">Death of Muhammad and Fatima (632)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death of Muhammad and Fatima (632)">edit</a>]</div> Muhammad died in 11/632 when Hasan was about seven.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> As his family prepared for the burial,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197934-23">[23]</a> a group of Muslims gathered at the <a href="/wiki/Saqifa" title="Saqifa">Saqifa</a> and appointed <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> as Muhammad's successor,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2014-24">[24]</a> in the absence of his family and the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Meccan</a> Muslims).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199732-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker20143–4-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198518-27">[27]</a> Ali, Fatima, and some supporters did not recognize the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a> of Abu Bakr,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhetia201331–2-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199732-25">[25]</a> saying that Muhammad had appointed Ali as his successor,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedele2018-29">[29]</a> possibly referring to the <a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a> in 632.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmir-Moezzi2014-30">[30]</a> Fatima died also in 632, within six months of Muhammad's death,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuehler2014186-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas2021104-31">[31]</a> at the age of about eighteen or twenty-seven years old.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202133-32">[32]</a> Shias hold that she miscarried her child and died from the injuries she suffered in an <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Fatima%27s_house" title="Attack on Fatima's house">attack on her house</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuehler2014186-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedele201856-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202198-34">[34]</a> intended to subdue Ali,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202197-35">[35]</a> at the order of Abu Bakr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhetia201377-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuehler2014186-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedele2018-29">[29]</a> These allegations are rejected by Sunnis,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202198-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedele2018-29">[29]</a> who believe that Fatima died from grief after Muhammad's death and that her child died in infancy of natural causes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedele2018-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202198-34">[34]</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kufa_Mosque_in_Iraq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kufa_Mosque_in_Iraq.jpg/300px-Kufa_Mosque_in_Iraq.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kufa_Mosque_in_Iraq.jpg/450px-Kufa_Mosque_in_Iraq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kufa_Mosque_in_Iraq.jpg/600px-Kufa_Mosque_in_Iraq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>A view of the modern-day Kufa, the headquarters of Hasan, and its <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Kufa" title="Great Mosque of Kufa">Great Mosque</a>, where he gave his inaugural speech</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rashidun_caliphate">Rashidun caliphate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rashidun caliphate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shi%27i_talismanic_piece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Intricate religious tapestry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Shi%27i_talismanic_piece.jpg/220px-Shi%27i_talismanic_piece.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Shi%27i_talismanic_piece.jpg/330px-Shi%27i_talismanic_piece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Shi%27i_talismanic_piece.jpg/440px-Shi%27i_talismanic_piece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9923" data-file-height="10290" /></a><figcaption>Iranian <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a> tapestry, probably a Shia <a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">talisman</a>, depicting Ali with Hasan and Husayn (<a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caliphates_of_Abu_Bakr,_Umar,_and_Uthman">Caliphates of Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Caliphates of Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman">edit</a>]</div> Hasan did not play a major role under the first three caliphs, namely, Abu Bakr (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 632–634), <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 634–644), and <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 644–656). He might have had a share of five thousand <a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">dirhams</a> in Umar's system of state pension.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchroeder2002177-38">[38]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Isfandiyar" title="Ibn Isfandiyar">Ibn Isfandiyar</a>, Hasan also took part in an expedition to <a href="/wiki/Amol" title="Amol">Amol</a> during the caliphate of Umar,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> though the veracity of such reports have been questioned by Paktchi et al.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaktchi2013-39">[39]</a> Defying Uthman, Hasan joined his father in bidding farewell to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dharr_al-Ghifari" title="Abu Dharr al-Ghifari">Abu Dharr al-Ghifari</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 652), who was exiled from Medina after he preached against the misdeeds of the powerful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1960-40">[40]</a> When Uthman's half-brother <a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_ibn_Uqba" title="Al-Walid ibn Uqba">al-Walid ibn Uqba</a> was accused of drinking alcohol, Ali asked Hasan to carry out the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">punishment</a> of forty lashes, though the latter reportedly refused and <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Ja%27far" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Ja'far">Abdullah ibn Ja'far</a> instead administered the penalty.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> Veccia Vaglieri does not mention any disagreements and writes that Ali meted out the punishment himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1960-40">[40]</a> She also suggests that the young Hasan and his brother Husayn lived in a state of obedience to their father Ali, following Ali whenever he opposed Uthman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> In June 656, Uthman was besieged in his home by rebels. Hasan and Husayn were likely wounded while guarding Uthman's house at the request of Ali.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1991-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197962-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrAfsaruddin2021-5">[5]</a> In particular, the reports that Hasan was among the defenders are considered numerous and reliable by Madelung.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997133–4-43">[43]</a> On the final day, however, Hasan and most of the guards are said to have laid down their weapons at Uthman's request.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997136-44">[44]</a> Yet another report states that Hasan arrived at the scene of <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Uthman" title="Assassination of Uthman">Uthman's murder</a> in time to identify his assassins.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> According to Madelung, Hasan later criticized Ali for not doing enough to defend Uthman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caliphate_of_Ali">Caliphate of Ali</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Caliphate of Ali">edit</a>]</div> Ali was elected caliph after the assassination of Uthman. Immediately after his accession, the new caliph faced a rebellion led by <a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a>, a widow of Muhammad and daughter of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Talha_ibn_Ubayd_Allah" title="Talha ibn Ubayd Allah">Talha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam" title="Zubayr ibn al-Awwam">Zubayr</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">companions</a> of Muhammad.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlassé2002423-45">[45]</a> Hasan and <a href="/wiki/Ammar_ibn_Yasir" title="Ammar ibn Yasir">Ammar ibn Yasir</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 657) were subsequently sent to <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a> to rally support and raised an army of some 6,000 men.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> He also helped remove <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musa_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Musa al-Ash'ari">Abu Musa al-Ash'ari</a> from the rule of Kufa,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaj-Manouchehri2013534-46">[46]</a> as the latter continued to hinder Ali's efforts against the rebels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaj-Manouchehri2013534-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1991-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997165-47">[47]</a> Hasan later fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Camel" title="Battle of the Camel">Battle of the Camel</a> (656) against Aisha, Talha, and Zubayr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> Hasan also fought against <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 661–680) in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin" title="Battle of Siffin">Battle of Siffin</a> (657), though (Sunni) sources do not view him as a prominent participant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulmes2013218-48">[48]</a> Madelung writes that Hasan criticized Ali's alleged aggressive war policy, saying that it stoked division among Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> In contrast, the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Abd_al-Barr" title="Ibn 'Abd al-Barr">Ibn 'Abd al-Barr</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1071) lists Hasan as a commander at Siffin and the Shia Nasr ibn Muzahim (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 827-8) narrates that Mu'awiya offered Hasan to switch sides at Siffin but was rejected.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaj-Manouchehri2013535-49">[49]</a> Haj-Manouchehri writes that Hasan persuaded some neutral figures to support Ali at Siffin, including Sulayman ibn Surad al-Khuza'i. He adds that Hasan vigorously opposed the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin" title="Battle of Siffin">arbitration</a> process after Siffin, alongside his father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaj-Manouchehri2013535-49">[49]</a> In November 658, Ali placed Hasan in charge of his land endowments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caliphate_of_Hasan">Caliphate of Hasan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Caliphate of Hasan">edit</a>]</div> In January 661, Ali was assassinated by the <a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijite</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Muljam" title="Abd al-Rahman ibn Muljam">Abd al-Rahman ibn Muljam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927102–103-50">[50]</a> Hasan was subsequently acknowledged caliph in Kufa, the seat of Ali's caliphate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen190118-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> Madelung writes that Ali had apparently not nominated a successor before his sudden death but had often said that only members of Muhammad's household (ahl al-bayt) were entitled to the caliphate. As Ali's legatee, Hasan must have been the obvious choice for the caliphate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997311-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> Some Shia reports add that Ali also designated Hasan as his <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">waliu'l amr</a>, thus giving him his own authority to command, and also his waliu'l dam, responsible for punishing his assassin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193368-53">[53]</a> Some authors have noted that Muhammad's surviving companions were primarily in Ali's army and must have therefore pledged allegiance to Hasan, as evidenced by the lack of any reports to the contrary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198526–7-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197991-55">[55]</a> In his inaugural speech at the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Kufa" title="Great Mosque of Kufa">Great Mosque of Kufa</a>, Hasan praised the ahl al-bayt and quoted verse 42:23 of the Quran: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I am of the Family of the Prophet from whom God has removed filth and whom He has purified, whose love He has made obligatory in His Book when He said, "Whosoever performs a good act, We shall increase the good in it." Performing a good act is love for us, the Family of the Prophet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997311–2-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcHugo201865–6-57">[57]</a></blockquote> Ali's commander <a href="/wiki/Qays_ibn_Sa%27d" title="Qays ibn Sa'd">Qays ibn Sa'd</a> was the first to pledge his allegiance to Hasan. Qays offered his <a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">oath</a> based on the Quran, precedent (<a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">sunna</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a> against those who declared lawful (<a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a>) what was unlawful (<a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">haram</a>). Hasan, however, avoided the last condition by saying that it was implicit in the first two.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979133-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> About this episode, <a href="/wiki/Husain_Mohammad_Jafri" title="Husain Mohammad Jafri">Jafri</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 2019) suggests that Hasan was probably already apprehensive about the Kufans' support and wanted to avoid unrealistic commitments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979133-58">[58]</a> The oath stipulated that people "should make war on those who were at war with Hasan, and should live in peace with those who were at peace with him," writes the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Al-Baladhuri" title="Al-Baladhuri">al-Baladhuri</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 892), adding that this condition astonished the people, who suspected that he intended to make peace with Mu'awiya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDakake200874-59">[59]</a> In contrast, Madelung notes that the oath was identical to the one demanded earlier by Ali and denounced by the Kharijites.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997312-60">[60]</a> The view of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Massi_Dakake" title="Maria Massi Dakake">Dakake</a> is similar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDakake200874-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflict_with_Mu'awiya">Conflict with Mu'awiya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Conflict with Mu'awiya">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unknown_Artist_Imam_%27Ali_with_Hasan_and_Husayn_Painting_With_Calligraphy_Persian_,_19th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A painting highlighting Ali, with Hasan, Husayn and two angels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Unknown_Artist_Imam_%27Ali_with_Hasan_and_Husayn_Painting_With_Calligraphy_Persian_%2C_19th_century.jpg/220px-Unknown_Artist_Imam_%27Ali_with_Hasan_and_Husayn_Painting_With_Calligraphy_Persian_%2C_19th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Unknown_Artist_Imam_%27Ali_with_Hasan_and_Husayn_Painting_With_Calligraphy_Persian_%2C_19th_century.jpg/330px-Unknown_Artist_Imam_%27Ali_with_Hasan_and_Husayn_Painting_With_Calligraphy_Persian_%2C_19th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Unknown_Artist_Imam_%27Ali_with_Hasan_and_Husayn_Painting_With_Calligraphy_Persian_%2C_19th_century.jpg/440px-Unknown_Artist_Imam_%27Ali_with_Hasan_and_Husayn_Painting_With_Calligraphy_Persian_%2C_19th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Nineteenth-century painting of Ali (center), Hasan, and Husayn</figcaption></figure> Having been at war with Ali, Mu'awiya did not recognize the caliphate of his successor and prepared for war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> He marched an army of sixty thousand men through <a href="/wiki/Al-Jazira_(caliphal_province)" title="Al-Jazira (caliphal province)">al-Jazira</a> to Maskin, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979134-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997317-62">[62]</a> Concurrently, Mu'awiya also corresponded with Hasan, urging him to give up his claim to the caliphate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> Jafri suggests that he might have hoped to force Hasan to abdicate or attack the Iraqi forces before they were fortified. Mu'awiya might have believed that Hasan would remain a threat even if he was defeated and killed, since another <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">Hashemite</a> could continue the fight. If Hasan abdicated in favor of Mu'awiya, he writes, such claims would have no weight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979134-61">[61]</a> The view of <a href="/wiki/Moojan_Momen" title="Moojan Momen">Momen</a> is similar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198527-63">[63]</a> Their letters revisit the succession of Muhammad. Hasan urged Mu'awiya to pledge allegiance to him with the same arguments advanced by Ali against Abu Bakr after Muhammad's death. Ali had said that if the <a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a> could successfully claim the leadership because Muhammad belonged to them, then Muhammad's family was the most qualified to lead.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979135-64">[64]</a> Mu'awiya replied that Muslims were not unaware of the merits of the ahl al-bayt but had selected Abu Bakr to keep the caliphate within the Quraysh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979136-65">[65]</a> Hassan also wrote that Mu'awiya had no true merit in Islam and was the son of Muhammad's arch-enemy <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harb" title="Abu Sufyan ibn Harb">Abu Sufyan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979135-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198527-63">[63]</a> Mu'awiya replied that he was better suited for the caliphate because of his age, governing experience, and superior military strength,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979136-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198527-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcHugo201866-66">[66]</a> thus implying that these qualities were more important than religious precedence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198527-63">[63]</a> Jafri comments that Mu'awiya's response made explicit the separation of politics and religion, which later became a tenet of Sunni Islam. In contrast, Shia Islam vested all authority in the household of Muhammad.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979137-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mobilization_of_Iraqi_troops">Mobilization of Iraqi troops</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mobilization of Iraqi troops">edit</a>]</div> As the news of Mu'awiya's advance reached Hasan, he ordered his local governors to mobilize and invited the Kufans to prepare for war, "God had prescribed the jihad for his creation and called it a loathsome duty (kurh)," referring to verse 2:216 of the Quran.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997317-62">[62]</a> There was no response at first,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> possibly because some tribal chiefs were bribed by Mu'awiya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997318-68">[68]</a> Hasan's companions now scolded the crowd and inspired them to leave in large numbers for the army campgrounds in Nukhayla.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997318-68">[68]</a> Hasan soon joined them and appointed <a href="/wiki/Ubayd_Allah_ibn_Abbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubayd Allah ibn Abbas">Ubayd Allah ibn Abbas</a> as the commander of a vanguard of twelve thousand men tasked with holding Mu'awiya back in Maskin until the arrival of Hasan's main army. Ubayd Allah was advised not to fight unless attacked and to consult with Qays ibn Sa'd, the second in command.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997318-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979142-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2013229-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wellhausen" title="Julius Wellhausen">Wellhausen</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1918) names Abd Allah ibn Abbas as the commander of the vanguard,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927105-71">[71]</a> but this is rejected by Madelung,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997318-68">[68]</a> who suggests that the choice of Ubayd Allah indicates Hasan's peace intentions because the former had earlier surrendered <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> to Mu'awiya without a fight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> This is the view of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri">al-Zuhri</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 741-2),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979140-72">[72]</a> the Umayyad-era historian who adopted the pro-Umayyad account that depicts a greedy Hasan eager to renounce his caliphate for money.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979140–1-73">[73]</a> This must have been the official Umayyad account, distributed to legitimize Mu'awiya's rule in the absence of a council (shura) or election or designation (nass), suggests Jafri.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979141–2-74">[74]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_from_the_time_of_Hassan_ibn_Ali.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coin minted during the caliphate of Hasan ibn Ali." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coin_from_the_time_of_Hassan_ibn_Ali.jpg/220px-Coin_from_the_time_of_Hassan_ibn_Ali.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coin_from_the_time_of_Hassan_ibn_Ali.jpg/330px-Coin_from_the_time_of_Hassan_ibn_Ali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coin_from_the_time_of_Hassan_ibn_Ali.jpg/440px-Coin_from_the_time_of_Hassan_ibn_Ali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Sasanian_coinage" title="Arab–Sasanian coinage">Sasanian-style</a> Coin minted in the present-day Iran in 30 AH (661-2 CE), during Hasan's caliphate. The Arabic phrase lillah (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'for Allah') appears in its margin.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mutiny">Mutiny</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mutiny">edit</a>]</div> While the vanguard was awaiting his arrival in Maskin, Hasan faced a mutiny at his military camp near <a href="/wiki/Al-Mada%27in_District" title="Al-Mada'in District">al-Mada'in</a>. Among the five surviving accounts, Jafri prefers the one by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa_Dinawari" title="Abu Hanifa Dinawari">Abu Hanifa Dinawari</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 895), which states that Hasan was concerned about his troops' resolve by the time he reached the outskirts of al-Mada'in. He thus halted the army at Sabat and told them in a speech that he preferred peace over war because his men were reluctant to fight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979143-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193369-76">[76]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Al-Mada%27ini" title="Al-Mada'ini">al-Mada'ini</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 843), Hasan also quoted Ali as saying, "Do not loathe the reign of Mu'awiya," which Madelung finds incredible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997318-68">[68]</a> Taking the speech as a sign that Hasan intended to pursue peace, <a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijite</a> sympathizers in Hasan's army looted his tent and pulled his prayer rug from under him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193369-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDakake200874-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> Alternatively, Jafri and <a href="/wiki/Ya%27qubi" title="Ya'qubi">al-Ya'qubi</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 897-8) hold Mu'awiya responsible for the mutiny through his network of spies, about which letters were earlier exchanged between Mu'awiya and Hasan and Ubayd Allah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198527-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197993–4,_100-77">[77]</a> As he was being escorted away to safety, the Kharijite al-Jarrah ibn Sinan attacked and wounded Hasan while shouting, "You have become an infidel (<a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">kafir</a>) like your father."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193369-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997319-78">[78]</a> Al-Jarrah was overpowered and killed,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997319-78">[78]</a> while Hasan, bleeding profusely,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> was taken for treatment to the house of Sa'd ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Al-Mada%27in" title="Al-Mada'in">al-Mada'in</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193369-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997319-78">[78]</a> The news of this attack further demoralized Hasan's army and led to widespread desertions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979145-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927106–7-80">[80]</a> Sa'd's nephew <a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_al-Thaqafi" title="Mukhtar al-Thaqafi">Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 687) reportedly recommended the governor to surrender Hasan to Mu'awiya but was rejected.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon197127–8-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Desertions">Desertions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Desertions">edit</a>]</div> The Kufan vanguard arrived in Maskin and found Mu'awiya camped there. Through a representative, he urged them not to commence hostilities until he concluded his peace talks with Hasan. This was likely a false claim.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997320-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979146-83">[83]</a> The Kufans, however, insulted Mu'awiya's envoy and sent him back. Mu'awiya then sent the envoy to visit Ubayd Allah privately, telling him that Hasan had requested a truce and then offering Ubayd Allah a million dirhams to switch sides. Ubayd Allah accepted and deserted at night to Mu'awiya, who fulfilled his promise to him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani20004-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997320-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927106-85">[85]</a> The next morning, Qays ibn Sa'd took charge of Hasan's troops as the second-in-command and denounced Ubayd Allah in a sermon. Mu'awiya now sent a contingent to force surrender but was pushed back twice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997321-86">[86]</a> He then offered bribes to Qays in a letter, which he refused.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997321-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927106-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979141-87">[87]</a> As the news of the mutiny against Hasan and the attempt at his life arrived, however, both sides abstained from fighting and awaited further developments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997322-88">[88]</a> Veccia Vaglieri writes that the Iraqis were reluctant to fight and a group deserted every day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> By one account, 8,000 men out of 12,000 followed Ubayd Allah's example and joined Mu'awiya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927106-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> When Hasan learned about this, al-Ya'qubi writes that he summoned the Iraqi nobles and reproached them for their unreliability and fickle-mindedness, echoing the speeches of Ali after Siffin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979146–7-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Treaty_with_Mu'awiya">Treaty with Mu'awiya</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Treaty with Mu'awiya">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hasan%E2%80%93Muawiya_treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan–Muawiya treaty">Hasan–Muawiya treaty</a></div> Mu'awiya now sent envoys to propose that Hasan abdicate in his favor to spare Muslim blood. In return, Mu'awiya was ready to designate Hasan as his successor, grant him safety, and offer him a large financial settlement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997322-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198527-63">[63]</a> Hasan accepted the overture in principle and sent his representative(s) to Mu'awiya, who sent them back to Hasan with <a href="/wiki/Blank_cheque" title="Blank cheque">carte blanche</a>, inviting him to dictate whatever he wanted. Hasan wrote that he would surrender the Muslim rule to Mu'awiya if he would comply with the Quran and sunna, his successor would be appointed by a council (shura), the people would remain safe, and Hasan's supporters would receive amnesty.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997322–3-90">[90]</a> His letter was witnessed by two representatives, who carried it to Mu'awiya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997323-91">[91]</a> Hasan thus renounced the caliphate in August 661 after a seven-month reign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193366–78-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979153-93">[93]</a> This year is considered by a number of the early Muslim sources as 'the year of unity' and is generally regarded as the start of Mu'awiya's caliphate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinds1993265-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsham201393-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Terms_of_the_treaty">Terms of the treaty</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Terms of the treaty">edit</a>]</div> Veccia Vaglieri finds certain variants of the treaty impossible to reconcile. She lists several conditions in the early sources and questions their veracity, including an annual payment of one or two million dirhams to Hasan, a single payment of five million dirhams from the treasury of Kufa, annual revenues from variously named districts in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a>, succession of Hasan to Mu'awiya or a council (shura) after Mu'awiya, and preference for the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Banu Umayyad</a> in pensions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> Another condition was that Mu'awiya should end the ritual cursing of Ali in mosques, writes Mavani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani2013118-96">[96]</a> Jafri similarly notes that the terms are recorded differently and ambiguously by al-Tabari, Dinawari, Ibn Abd al-Barr, and Ibn al-Athir, while al-Ya'qubi and <a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">al-Mas'udi</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 956) are silent about them. In particular, Jafri finds the timing of Mu'awiya's carte blanche problematic in al-Tabari's account.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979105–8-97">[97]</a> Al-Tabari also mentions a single payment of five million dirhams to Hasan from the treasury of Kufa,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979149-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> which Jafri rejects because the treasury of Kufa was already in Hasan's possession at the time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979149-98">[98]</a> He adds that Ali regularly emptied the treasury and distributed the funds among the public,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979149-98">[98]</a> and this is also reported by Veccia Vaglieri.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> Jafri then argues that the most comprehensive account is the one given by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_A%27tham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn A'tham">Ahmad ibn A'tham</a>, probably taken from al-Mada'ini, who recorded the terms in two parts. The first part is the conditions proposed by Abd Allah ibn Nawfal, who negotiated on Hasan's behalf with Mu'awiya in Maskin.<a href="#cite_note-100">[a]</a> The second part is what Hasan stipulated in carte blanche.<a href="#cite_note-102">[b]</a> These two sets of conditions together encompass all the conditions scattered in the early sources.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979150–2-103">[101]</a> Jafri thus concludes that Hasan's final conditions in carte blanche were that Mu'awiya should act according to the Quran, sunna, and the conduct of the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun caliphs</a>, that the people should remain safe, and that the successor to Mu'awiya should be appointed by a council.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> These conditions are echoed by Madelung,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997322–3-90">[90]</a> who adds that Hasan made no financial stipulations in his peace proposal and Mu'awiya consequently made no payments to him,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997328-104">[102]</a> contrary to the "Umayyad propaganda" reflected in the account of al-Zuhri, quoted by al-Tabari.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997329–30-105">[103]</a> Since Ali and his house rejected the conduct of Abu Bakr and Umar in the <a href="/wiki/Election_of_Uthman" title="Election of Uthman">shura after Umar</a> in 23/644, Jafri believes that the clause about following the Rashidun caliphs was inserted by later Sunni authors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979152-106">[104]</a> That Mu'awiya agreed to an amnesty for the supporters of Ali indicates that the revenge for Uthman was a pretext for him to seize the caliphate, according to Jafri.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979153-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abdication">Abdication</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Abdication">edit</a>]</div> In the surrender ceremony, Mu'awiya demanded Hasan to publicly apologize. Hasan rose and reminded the people that he and Husayn were Muhammad's only grandsons and the right to the caliphate was his and not Mu'awiya's, but he had surrendered it to avoid bloodshed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> Mu'awiya then spoke and recanted his earlier promises to Hasan and others,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETabatabai197748-107">[105]</a> saying that those promises were made to shorten the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> As reported by the Mu'tazilite <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi%27l-Hadid" title="Ibn Abi'l-Hadid">Ibn Abi'l-Hadid</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1258) and <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Faraj_al-Isfahani" title="Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani">Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 967), Mu'awiya added that he had not fought the Iraqis so that they would practice Islam, which they were already doing, but to be their master (<a href="/wiki/Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir">amir</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997325-108">[106]</a> Al-Baladhuri writes that Mu'awiya then gave the Kufans three days to pledge allegiance or be killed. After this, the people rushed to vow allegiance to Mu'awiya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997324-109">[107]</a> Hasan left Kufa for Medina but soon received a request from Mu'awiya to subdue a Kharijite revolt near Kufa. He wrote back to Mu'awiya that he had given up his claim to the caliphate for the sake of peace and compromise, not to fight on his side.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997324–5-110">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979157,_158-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Retirement">edit</a>]</div> Between his abdication in 41/661 and his death in 50/670, Hasan lived quietly in Medina and did not engage in politics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulmes2013218-48">[48]</a> In compliance with the peace treaty, Hasan declined requests from (often small) Shia groups to lead them against Mu'awiya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198527,_28-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979157-113">[111]</a> He was nevertheless considered the head of the house of Muhammad by the Banu Hashim and Ali's partisans, who had probably pinned their hopes on his succession to Mu'awiya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997327-114">[112]</a> The Sunni al-Baladhuri in his <a href="/wiki/Genealogies_of_the_Nobles" title="Genealogies of the Nobles">Ansab</a> writes that Hasan sent tax collectors to the Fasa and Darabjird provinces of Iran in accordance with the treaty but the governor of Basra, instructed by Mu'awiya, incited the people against Hasan and his tax collectors were driven out of the two provinces. Madelung regards this account as fictitious because Hasan had just refused to join Mu'awiya in fighting the Kharijites. He adds that Hasan had made no financial stipulations in his peace proposal and Mu'awiya consequently made no payments to him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997328-104">[102]</a> Madelung suggests that the relations between the two men deteriorated when Mu'awiya realized that Hasan would not actively support his regime.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Husayn_at_the_Bedside_of_the_Dying_Hasan%22,_Folio_from_a_Hadiqat_al-Su%27ada_of_Fuzuli_(Garden_of_the_Blessed)_MET_sf1979-211.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="16th-century illustration with many men;Hasan and Husayn are veiled, with flaming halos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%22Husayn_at_the_Bedside_of_the_Dying_Hasan%22%2C_Folio_from_a_Hadiqat_al-Su%27ada_of_Fuzuli_%28Garden_of_the_Blessed%29_MET_sf1979-211.jpg/220px-%22Husayn_at_the_Bedside_of_the_Dying_Hasan%22%2C_Folio_from_a_Hadiqat_al-Su%27ada_of_Fuzuli_%28Garden_of_the_Blessed%29_MET_sf1979-211.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%22Husayn_at_the_Bedside_of_the_Dying_Hasan%22%2C_Folio_from_a_Hadiqat_al-Su%27ada_of_Fuzuli_%28Garden_of_the_Blessed%29_MET_sf1979-211.jpg/330px-%22Husayn_at_the_Bedside_of_the_Dying_Hasan%22%2C_Folio_from_a_Hadiqat_al-Su%27ada_of_Fuzuli_%28Garden_of_the_Blessed%29_MET_sf1979-211.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%22Husayn_at_the_Bedside_of_the_Dying_Hasan%22%2C_Folio_from_a_Hadiqat_al-Su%27ada_of_Fuzuli_%28Garden_of_the_Blessed%29_MET_sf1979-211.jpg/440px-%22Husayn_at_the_Bedside_of_the_Dying_Hasan%22%2C_Folio_from_a_Hadiqat_al-Su%27ada_of_Fuzuli_%28Garden_of_the_Blessed%29_MET_sf1979-211.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1466" /></a><figcaption>Husayn at the Bedside of the Dying Hasan, a <a href="/wiki/Recto_and_verso" title="Recto and verso">folio</a> from <a href="/wiki/Fuzuli_(poet)" title="Fuzuli (poet)">Fuzuli's</a> Hadiqat al-su'ada (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'garden of the blessed')</figcaption></figure> Hasan most likely died on 2 April 670 (5 <a href="/wiki/Rabi%27_al-Awwal" title="Rabi' al-Awwal">Rabi' al-Awwal</a> 50 AH),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> though other given dates are 49, 50, 48, 58 and 59 AH.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> Veccia Vaglieri suggests that Hasan died from an illness or poisoning,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> while the early sources are nearly unanimous that Hasan was poisoned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complicity_of_Mu'awiya">Complicity of Mu'awiya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Complicity of Mu'awiya">edit</a>]</div> Mu'awiya is usually identified as the instigator in the murder of Hasan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198528-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979158-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2013216-117">[115]</a> Aside from the Shia sources,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997331-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193376-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETabatabai197748-107">[105]</a> this is also the view of some notable Sunni historians, including <a href="/wiki/Al-Waqidi" title="Al-Waqidi">al-Waqidi</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 823), al-Mada'ini, Umar ibn Shabba (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 877), <a href="/wiki/Al-Baladhuri" title="Al-Baladhuri">al-Baladhuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Haytham_ibn_Adi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Haytham ibn Adi">al-Haytham ibn Adi</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 822), and Abu Bakr ibn Hafs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997331-118">[116]</a> These reports are nevertheless suppressed by al-Tabari, perhaps because he found them insignificant or far more likely because he was concerned for the faith of the common people (awamm) in this and similar instances, as suggested by Madelung and Donaldson (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1976).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997332-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193376–7-121">[119]</a> Some other early Sunni sources deny the poisoning, saying that Hasan died of "consumption."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2004-122">[120]</a> At the time of his abdication, Hasan was about thirty-eight years old while Mu'awiya was fifty-eight. Jafri suggests that the age difference presented a problem for Mu'awiya,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979158-116">[114]</a> who planned to designate his son <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 680–683) as his successor,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPierce201683-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979158-116">[114]</a> in violation of the peace treaty with Hasan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979158-116">[114]</a> Jafri thus believes that Mu'wiya should be suspected in the murder of Hasan, which removed an obstacle to the succession of his son.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979158-116">[114]</a> This view is echoed by Momen and Madelung.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198528-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_accounts">Historical accounts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Historical accounts">edit</a>]</div> Hasan did not disclose who he suspected of his poisoning, fearing that the wrong person might be punished.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> The Shia <a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_al-Mufid" title="Al-Shaykh al-Mufid">al-Mufid</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1022) reports that Hasan's wife <a href="/wiki/Ja%27da_bint_al-Ash%27ath" title="Ja'da bint al-Ash'ath">Ja'da bint al-Ash'ath</a> poisoned him with the promise of 100,000 dirhams from Mu'awiya and marriage to his son Yazid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPierce201683-123">[121]</a> Jafri writes that the majority of Sunni and Shia reports are similar to this one,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979158-116">[114]</a> including those by Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, <a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">al-Mas'udi</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 956), and al-Ya'qubi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani200028,_134-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPierce201683-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193375n1,_76–7-125">[123]</a> In contrast, Ahmed regards these reports as "<a href="/wiki/Alids" title="Alids">Alid</a> propaganda" against al-Ash'ath,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed2011143-126">[124]</a> Ja'da's father and the prominent Kufan tribal chief who undermined Ali at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin" title="Battle of Siffin">Siffin</a> (657) by supporting the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin" title="Battle of Siffin">arbitration</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinds1972b97-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoonawala1982-128">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy201567-129">[127]</a> and sabotaged Ali's campaign after being bribed by Mu'awiya, according to Madelung.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997276-130">[128]</a> As with Jafri, Veccia Vaglieri notes that many early sources hold Ja'da bin al-Ash'ath responsible for poisoning Hasan at the instigation of Mu'awiya, though she also observes that al-Ash'ath was regarded as a traitor by the Shia who might have transferred the blame to his daughter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> Alternatively, the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Al-Haytham_ibn_Adi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Haytham ibn Adi">al-Haytham ibn Adi</a> identifies the daughter of Suhayl ibn Amr as the murderer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997331-118">[116]</a> Another account by the Sunni al-Waqidi pins the crime on a servant of Hasan at the instigation of Mu'awiya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997331-118">[116]</a> Yet another account is that Yazid proposed to Zaynab bint <a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ja'far ibn Abi Talib">Ja'far ibn Abi Talib</a>, who refused and instead married Hasan. The enraged Yazid subsequently had Hasan poisoned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERippinKnappert1990139-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiaw2013226-132">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forensics_investigation">Forensics investigation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Forensics investigation">edit</a>]</div> A recent article by Burke et al. examined the circumstances surrounding Hasan's death. Using mineralogical, medical, and chemical evidence, they suggested that the mineral <a href="/wiki/Calomel" title="Calomel">calomel</a> (mercury(I) chloride, Hg2Cl2), sourced from the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, was the substance primarily responsible for Hasan's death. Because historical sources indicate that another member of Hasan's household also suffered similar symptoms, the article considers Hasan's wife to be the prime suspect. The article cites a historical document, according to which the Byzantine emperor (likely <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a>) sent Mu'awiya a poisoned drink at the request of the latter. The authors thus conclude that their forensic hypothesis is consistent with the historical narrative that Hasan was poisoned by his wife Ja'da at the instigation of Mu'awiya and with the involvement of the Byzantine emperor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkeGolasRaafatMousavi2016-133">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burial">Burial</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Burial">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baghi_tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of a large, white building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Baghi_tomb.jpg/220px-Baghi_tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Baghi_tomb.jpg/330px-Baghi_tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Baghi_tomb.jpg/440px-Baghi_tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1399" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tomb</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Baqi_Cemetery" title="Al-Baqi Cemetery">al-Baqi Cemetery</a>, which stood over Hasan's grave and was demolished by the Wahhabis in 1927</figcaption></figure> Before his death, Hasan had instructed his family to bury him next to Muhammad. According to Madelung, if they "feared evil," Hasan asked them to bury him near his mother in <a href="/wiki/Al-Baqi%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baqi'">al-Baqi</a> cemetery. The Umayyad governor of Medina, <a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_ibn_al-%27As" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'id ibn al-'As">Sa'id ibn al-As</a>, was not opposed to burying Hasan near Muhammad, whereas <a href="/wiki/Marwan_ibn_al-Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwan ibn al-Hakam">Marwan ibn al-Hakam</a> strongly opposed it, arguing that Uthman had been buried in al-Baqi. In his opposition, Marwan was joined by Muhammad's widow <a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPierce201680-134">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997332-120">[118]</a> who is often considered hostile to Ali.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997107-135">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010158-136">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197928-137">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcHugo2018§1.III-138">[136]</a> Muhammad's companion <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hurayra" title="Abu Hurayra">Abu Hurayra</a> unsuccessfully attempted to persuade Marwan to allow Hasan's burial next to Muhammad by reminding him of Muhammad's high esteem for Hasan and Husayn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997287,_332-139">[137]</a> Supporters of Husayn and Marwan from the Banu Hashim and Banu Umayyad, respectively, soon gathered with weapons. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyya" title="Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya">Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya</a> reportedly intervened and reminded Hasan's burial request. He was then buried in al-Baqi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997332-120">[118]</a> Dinawari writes the Umayyads shot arrows at the body during the standoff,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193378-140">[138]</a> and this is also the Shia view.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> Madelung suggests that Mu'awiya later rewarded Marwan for his stand by reinstating him as the governor of Medina.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> As Hasan's body was carried to al-Baqi, however, Marwan reportedly joined the procession and paid tribute to a man "whose forbearance (hilm) weighed mountains."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997332–3-141">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193378-140">[138]</a> Following the norms,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalevi2011173-142">[140]</a> Hasan's funeral prayer was led by <a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_ibn_al-As" title="Sa'id ibn al-As">Sa'id ibn al-As</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_caliphal_governors_of_Medina" title="List of caliphal governors of Medina">governor of Medina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997333-143">[141]</a> Hasan's tomb was later made a domed shrine, which was destroyed twice by the <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabis</a> first in 1806 and then 1927.<a href="#cite_note-144">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_life">Family life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Family life">edit</a>]</div> Sources differ about Hasan's wives and children. The account of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sa%27d" title="Ibn Sa'd">Ibn Sa'd</a> is considered the most reliable, reporting that Hasan had fifteen sons and nine daughters with six wives and three known concubines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> His first marriage was contracted with <a href="/wiki/Ja%27da_bint_al-Ash%27ath" title="Ja'da bint al-Ash'ath">Ja'da</a>, daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Kinda_(tribe)" title="Kinda (tribe)">Kinda</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Al-Ash%27ath_ibn_Qays" title="Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays">al-Ash'ath ibn Qays</a>, soon after Ali relocated to Kufa. Madelung suggests that Ali with this marriage intended to establish ties with the powerful Yemeni tribes in Kufa. Hasan had no children with Ja'da, who is often accused of poisoning him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997380-145">[142]</a> Umm Bashir was Hasan's second wife and bore him his eldest son Zayd, his daughter Umm al-Husayn, and probably another daughter Umm al-Hasan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997381-146">[143]</a> Umm Bashir was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Uqba_ibn_Amr" title="Uqba ibn Amr">Abu Mas'ud Uqba ibn Amr</a>, who had opposed the Kufan revolt against Uthman. Madelung writes that Ali was hoping to bring Abu Mas'ud to his side with the marriage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997381-146">[143]</a> After his abdication and return to Medina, Hasan married Khawla, daughter of the Fazara chief Manzur ibn Zabban.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997380–384-147">[144]</a> Khawla already had two sons and a daughter from <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Talha" title="Muhammad ibn Talha">Muhammad ibn Talha</a>, who was killed in the Battle of the Camel. After her father protested that he had been ignored, Hasan presented Khawla to her father and remarried her with his approval. Khawla bore Hasan his son, <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Hasan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997381,_382-148">[145]</a> Hasan in Medina also married Hafsa bint <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Abi_Bakr" title="Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr">Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997380–384-147">[144]</a> It is said that al-Mundhir ibn al-Zubayr was in love with her and his rumors compelled Hasan to divorce her. The rumors also ended Hafsa's next marriage and she eventually married al-Mundhir.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997382-149">[146]</a> Hasan also married <a href="/wiki/Umm_Ishaq_bint_Talha_ibn_Ubayd_Allah" title="Umm Ishaq bint Talha ibn Ubayd Allah">Umm Ishaq bint Talha ibn Ubayd Allah</a>. Mu'awiya reputedly asked her brother <a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Talha" title="Ishaq ibn Talha">Ishaq ibn Talha</a> to marry her to Yazid but Ishaq married her to Hasan instead and she bore a son named <a href="/wiki/Talha_ibn_Hasan" title="Talha ibn Hasan">Talha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997383-150">[147]</a> Another wife of Hasan was Hind bint Suhayl ibn Amr,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997380–384-147">[144]</a> the widow of Abd al-Rahman ibn Attab, who was divorced by Abd Allah ibn Amir. Hasan had no children with Hind.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997383,_384-151">[148]</a> Hasan's other children were probably from concubines, including <a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_ibn_Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Al-Qasim ibn Hasan ibn Ali">Qasim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Abd Allah ibn Hasan ibn Ali">Abd Allah</a> (or Abu Bakr), both of whom were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">Battle of Karbala</a> (680),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997384–385-152">[149]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatima_bint_Hasan" title="Fatima bint Hasan">Umm Abd Allah</a>, who married <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">Zayn al-Abidin</a> and bore him <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a>, the fifth Shia Imam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPierce2016135-153">[150]</a> Hasan's descendants are usually known as <a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">sharif</a>, though the usage of the term is sometimes extended to Husayn's descendants as well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoweringCroneKadiMirza2013190-154">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_consorts">Number of consorts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Number of consorts">edit</a>]</div> Tendentious (Sunni) reports describe that Hasan married seventy (or ninety) women in his lifetime and had a harem of three hundred concubines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997330-155">[152]</a> Madelung regards these as absurd,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> and Pierce believes that these accusations were made by later Sunni writers who were nevertheless unable to list more than sixteen names.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPierce201684-156">[153]</a> Madelung writes that most of the claims were by al-Mada'ini and were often vague; some had a clear defamatory intent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997385-157">[154]</a> In particular, the ninety-wives allegation was first made by Muhammad al-Kalbi and later picked up by al-Mada'ini, who was unable to list more than eleven names, five of whom are uncertain or highly doubtful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997386,_387-158">[155]</a> Veccia Vaglieri holds that the marriages of Hasan received little contemporary censure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Lammens" title="Henri Lammens">Lammens</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1937) suggests that Hasan married and divorced so frequently that he was called mitlaq (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'the divorcer') and his behavior earned Ali new enemies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELammens1927274-159">[156]</a> Madelung rejects this claim, saying that Hasan – living in his father's household – could not enter into any marriages not arranged (or approved) by Ali.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997385-157">[154]</a> In particular, the narratives in which Ali warns the Kufans not to marry their daughters to Hasan are fabricated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> Madelung believes that Hasan's marriages in Ali's lifetime were intended to strengthen political alliances, as evidenced by Hasan reserving his <a href="/wiki/Kunya_(Arabic)" title="Kunya (Arabic)">kunya</a> (Abu Muhammad) for his first son with his first freely-chosen wife Khawla. When Muhammad died in childhood, Hasan chose Khawla's second son Hasan as his primary heir.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divorces">Divorces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Divorces">edit</a>]</div> Hasan divorced his wife Hafsa out of propriety when she was accused by al-Mundhir. Hafsa's next marriage ended similarly. When she finally married al-Mundhir, Hasan visited the couple and forgave al-Mundhir for spreading those false rumors out of love for Hafsa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997382,_385-160">[157]</a> Hasan also returned Khawla to her father Manzur when he objected that he had been ignored and then remarried her with his approval.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997385-157">[154]</a> Hasan is also said to have divorced his wife Hind when he saw evidence of renewed love by her former husband.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997385-157">[154]</a> For Madelung, Hasan's divorces do not indicate any inordinate sexual appetite.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997385-157">[154]</a> He also writes that Hasan comes across as noble and forbearing in dealing with his wives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">[2]</a> Madelung cites Hasan's advice to Husayn to marry his widow Umm Ishaq after his death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997385-157">[154]</a> When he was poisoned, Hasan also reputedly refrained from disclosing the suspect in his household to Husayn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment_and_legacy">Assessment and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Assessment and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Hasan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasan_Masjid_an-Nabawi_Calligraphy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hasan_Masjid_an-Nabawi_Calligraphy.png/150px-Hasan_Masjid_an-Nabawi_Calligraphy.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hasan_Masjid_an-Nabawi_Calligraphy.png/225px-Hasan_Masjid_an-Nabawi_Calligraphy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hasan_Masjid_an-Nabawi_Calligraphy.png/300px-Hasan_Masjid_an-Nabawi_Calligraphy.png 2x" data-file-width="2273" data-file-height="2273" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Illustrated <a href="/wiki/Calligraphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Calligraphic">calligraphic</a> representation of Hasan's name, inscribed in the <a href="/wiki/Prophet%27s_Mosque" title="Prophet's Mosque">Prophet's Mosque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Caliph</li><li>Imam</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqi_Cemetery" title="Al-Baqi Cemetery">Al-Baqi Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_first_three_Shiite_Imams-_Ali_with_his_sons_Hasan_and_Husayn,_illustration_from_a_Qajar_manuscript,_Iran,_1837-38_(gouache_on_paper).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of Ali flanked by Hasan and Husayn, all seated, with angels above them" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_first_three_Shiite_Imams-_Ali_with_his_sons_Hasan_and_Husayn%2C_illustration_from_a_Qajar_manuscript%2C_Iran%2C_1837-38_%28gouache_on_paper%29.jpg/220px-The_first_three_Shiite_Imams-_Ali_with_his_sons_Hasan_and_Husayn%2C_illustration_from_a_Qajar_manuscript%2C_Iran%2C_1837-38_%28gouache_on_paper%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_first_three_Shiite_Imams-_Ali_with_his_sons_Hasan_and_Husayn%2C_illustration_from_a_Qajar_manuscript%2C_Iran%2C_1837-38_%28gouache_on_paper%29.jpg/330px-The_first_three_Shiite_Imams-_Ali_with_his_sons_Hasan_and_Husayn%2C_illustration_from_a_Qajar_manuscript%2C_Iran%2C_1837-38_%28gouache_on_paper%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/The_first_three_Shiite_Imams-_Ali_with_his_sons_Hasan_and_Husayn%2C_illustration_from_a_Qajar_manuscript%2C_Iran%2C_1837-38_%28gouache_on_paper%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Early 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a> gouache illustration of Ali, Hasan, and Husayn, the first three Shia Imams</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearance_and_temperament">Appearance and temperament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Appearance and temperament">edit</a>]</div> Hasan has been described as closely resembling Muhammad in his appearance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2004-161">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> Madelung suggests that Hasan might have also inherited Muhammad's temperament and describes him as a pacifist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2004-161">[158]</a> Veccia Vaglieri writes that he was of mild disposition (halim), generous, pious, and known to have made several pilgrimages on foot.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> While Hasan is described as a good orator, he might have also suffered from a speech defect, according to Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> In contrast to Hasan, Madelung suggests that Husayn might have inherited his father's "fighting spirit."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2004-161">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abdication_2">Abdication</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Abdication">edit</a>]</div> The sources hostile to Hasan interpret his peace treaty with Mu'awiya as a sign of weakness, saying that Hasan intended to surrender from the beginning.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDakake200874–5-162">[159]</a> Some authors instead suggest that Hasan's decision to abdicate was motivated by the lure of the life of ease and luxury,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979154-163">[160]</a> while Western historians tend to criticize Hasan for ceding the caliphate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198527-63">[63]</a> Other sources reject these criticisms, saying that Hasan's abdication was inevitable after the Kufans' mutiny, similar to Ali's acceptance of the <a href="/wiki/Ali#Arbitration" title="Ali">arbitration</a> proposal at Siffin (657).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDakake200874–5-162">[159]</a> These sources contend that Hasan was motivated by the desire for unity and peace in the Muslim community, similar to Ali after Muhammad's death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDakake200874–5-162">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcHugo2018102-164">[161]</a> Shia historians view Hasan's abdication as the only realistic course of action, given the Kufans' weak support and Mu'awiya's overwhelming military superiority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198527-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979109–10-165">[162]</a> Their view is echoed by Veccia Vaglieri.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979110,_111-166">[163]</a> Sunni sources maintain that Hasan abdicated because of his preference for peace and his aversion to bloodshed and bellicose politics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979154–5-167">[164]</a> The first two of these three reasons are also given by the Shia <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Husayn_Tabatabai" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai">Tabatabai</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1981).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETabatabai197748-107">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muslim_view">Muslim view</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Muslim view">edit</a>]</div> Hasan is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-bayt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl al-bayt">ahl al-bayt</a> (Muhammad's family) and belongs also to the <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-kisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl al-kisa">ahl al-kisa</a>, namely, Muhammad, Ali, Fatima, and their two sons. While all Muslims revere the ahl al-bayt,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-168">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201341-169">[166]</a> it is the Shia who hold them in the highest esteem, regarding them as the rightful leaders of the Muslim community.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2009-170">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-168">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Quran">Quran</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Quran">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panjtan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Panjtan.jpg/220px-Panjtan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Panjtan.jpg/330px-Panjtan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Panjtan.jpg/440px-Panjtan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5706" data-file-height="4115" /></a><figcaption>Names of the ahl al-kisa and two prophetic hadiths in their praise, written on a cloth in Arabic calligraphy, originating from Iran or Central Asia</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Verse of Mubahala</a>: After his unsuccessful debate with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_community_of_Najran" title="Christian community of Najran">Najranite Christians</a> in 10/631-2, Muhammad is said to have received verse 3:61,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199715–6-171">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198513–4-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-AsherKofsky2002141-18">[18]</a> which reads<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">And to whomsoever disputes with thee over it, after the knowledge that has come unto thee [about Jesus], say, "Come! Let us call upon our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves. Then let us pray earnestly, so as to place the curse of God upon those who lie."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015330-173">[170]</a></blockquote>Madelung argues that 'our sons' in verse 3:61 must refer to Muhammad's grandsons, namely, Hasan and Husayn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716-15">[15]</a> Later at the mubahala, Muhammad gathered Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn under his cloak and addressed them as his ahl al-bayt, according to some Shia and Sunni sources,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgar1984-20">[20]</a> including the canonical Sahih Muslim and Sahih al-Tirmidhi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_325-21">[21]</a> The five are thus known also as the ahl al-kisa (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'people of the cloak').<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198514,_16–7-174">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgar1984-20">[20]</a> Madelung writes that their inclusion by Muhammad in this significant ritual must have raised the religious rank of his family.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716-15">[15]</a> A similar view is voiced by Lalani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani200029-22">[22]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1.jpg/270px-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1.jpg/405px-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1.jpg/540px-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1830" /></a><figcaption>Verse of purification in Arabic calligraphy on a tablet in the <a href="/wiki/Imam_Husayn_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Husayn Shrine">shrine of Husayn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Verse_of_purification" title="Verse of purification">Verse of purification</a>: The last passage of verse 33:33 reads<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202165-175">[172]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">God only desires to remove defilement from you, O ahl al-bayt, and to purify you completely.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard20152331-176">[173]</a></blockquote> Shia Islam limits the ahl al-bayt to Muhammad, Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_17-177">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeaman2006-178">[175]</a> There are various views in Sunni Islam, though a typical compromise is to include also Muhammad's wives in the ahl al-bayt.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2022-179">[176]</a> Verse 33:33 is regarded in Shia Islam as evidence of the infallibility of the ahl al-bayt.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-180">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Verse_of_Mawadda" class="mw-redirect" title="Verse of Mawadda">Verse of Mawadda</a>: Verse 42:23 includes the passage <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">[O Mohammad!] Say, "I ask not of you any reward for it, save affection among kinsfolk."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard20152691-181">[178]</a></blockquote> The word kinsfolk (al-qurba) in this verse is interpreted by the Shia as the ahl al-bayt, namely, Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani200066-182">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq" title="Ibn Ishaq">Ibn Ishaq</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 767) narrates a prophetic hadith to this effect,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201341,_60-183">[180]</a> and this is also the view of the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Qadi_Baydawi" title="Qadi Baydawi">Baydawi</a>, al-Razi,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1985152-184">[181]</a> and Ibn Maghazili,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201341,_60-183">[180]</a> though most Sunni authors reject the Shia view and offer various alternatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard20152691-181">[178]</a> Hasan referred to verse 42:24 in his inaugural speech as the caliph in 661, saying that he belonged to the ahl al-bayt whose love God has made obligatory in the Quran.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997311–2-56">[56]</a> Verses 76:5-22: These verses are connected to the ahl al-kisa in most Shia and some Sunni sources, including the works of the Shia <a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Tabarsi" title="Shaykh Tabarsi">al-Tabarsi</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1153), and the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Al-Qurtubi" title="Al-Qurtubi">al-Qurtubi</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1273) and <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Alusi" title="Mahmud al-Alusi">al-Alusi</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1854).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard20153331-185">[182]</a> According to these exegetes, verses 76:5-22 were revealed after Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn gave away their only meal of the day to beggars who visited their home, for three consecutive days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202157,_58-186">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201372-187">[184]</a> In particular, verses 76:7-12 read <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">They fulfill their vows and fear a day whose evil is widespread, and give food, despite loving it, to the indigent, the orphan, and the captive. "We feed you only for the Face of God. We do not desire any recompense or thanks from you. Truly we fear from our Lord a grim, calamitous day." So God has shielded them from the evil of that Day, bestowed upon them radiance and joy, and rewarded them for having been patient with a Garden and with silk. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard20153332–3-188">[185]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mu'tazila_Islam">Mu'tazila Islam</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Mu'tazila Islam">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Mu%CA%BFtazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Muʿtazila">Mu'tazila</a> Islam, only a wrong deed by an unrepentant imam would disqualify him from the imamate after receiving oaths of allegiance. Otherwise, an imam cannot resign or willingly pledge his allegiance to another person. The Mu'tazilite <a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_Abd_al-Jabbar" title="Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar">al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1025) suggests that Hasan reluctantly made peace and unwillingly pledged his allegiance to Mu'awiya after realizing the Kufans' weak support for war. This reluctant pledge of allegiance did not disqualify him from the imamate or legitimize Mu'awiya's caliphate. The Mu'tazilite <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Malahimi" title="Ibn al-Malahimi">Ibn al-Malahimi</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1141) adds, "How can it be imagined that Hasan, who planned to fight Mu'awiya to secure his oath of allegiance, would agree to relinquish the caliphate without reluctance?"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaktchi2013558–9-189">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sunni_Islam">Sunni Islam</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sunni Islam">edit</a>]</div> During the eighth and ninth centuries, there was a diversity of opinions about which caliphs were <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">rāshidūn</a> ("rightly-guided"),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelchert202070,_71-190">[187]</a> meaning those whose actions and opinions were considered worthy of emulation from a religious point of view.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelchert202063–64-191">[188]</a> After the ninth century, however, the first four caliphs became canonical as rāshid in Sunni Islam: Abu Bakr (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 632–634), Umar (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 634–644), Uthman (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 644–656) and Ali (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 656–661).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelchert202071-192">[189]</a> The Umayyad caliph <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz" title="Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz">Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 717–720) was cited as the fifth rāshid caliph by the Sunni hadith collector <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dawud_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Dawud al-Sijistani">Abu Dawud al-Sijistani</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 889).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelchert202070-193">[190]</a> Another hypothesis may have included Hasan as the fifth rāshid caliph because his six-month reign was needed to complete the thirty-year period after Abu Bakr's ascension which was reportedly predicted by Muhammad as the length of the prophetic succession. This is also implied by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dawud_al-Tayalisi" title="Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi">Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi</a>'s version of this hadith, which avoided counting Hasan as the fifth rāshid caliph by adding six months to Umar's caliphate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelchert202071-192">[189]</a> Sunni Muslims justify Hasan's peace treaty with Mu'awiya with a hadith, attributed to Muhammad, which reportedly predicted that Hasan would unite two warring Muslim parties. By legitimizing Mu'awiya's caliphate, they view the peace treaty as a voluntary resignation from the caliphate. More generally, an imam in Sunni Islam cannot be ousted or resign if he is aware of the divisiveness of his decision but he can abdicate if he considers his resignation to be in the best interest of Muslims. Hasan's abdication was a voluntary decision to avoid bloodshed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaktchi2013559-194">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shia_Islam">Shia Islam</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Shia Islam">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Shia_Islam" title="Category:Shia Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;"><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/The_Fourteen_Infallibles" title="The Fourteen Infallibles">The Fourteen Infallibles</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;background:transparent;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;;padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_view_of_Fatimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia view of Fatimah">Fatimah</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="margin-top:0;padding-top:0;"> The <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Imams" title="Twelve Imams">Twelve Imams</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shia_view_of_Ali" title="Shia view of Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kazim" title="Musa al-Kazim">al-Kazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Rida" title="Ali al-Rida">ar-Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Jawad" title="Muhammad al-Jawad">al-Taqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">al-Naqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">al-Askari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Twelvers" class="mw-redirect" title="Theology of Twelvers">Principles</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalah_(Islam)" title="Adalah (Islam)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophethood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Judgement Day</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Other beliefs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate of the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourning_of_Muharram" title="Mourning of Muharram">Mourning of Muharram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Intercession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultation_(Islam)" title="Occultation (Islam)">Occultation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Wilayat al-Faqih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Principles of Islamic jurisprudence">Usul al-fiqh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irfan" title="Irfan">Irfan</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancillaries_of_the_Faith" title="Ancillaries of the Faith">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Sawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_what_is_just" class="mw-redirect" title="Commanding what is just">Amr bi-l maʿrūf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidding_what_is_evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbidding what is evil">Nahy ani l-Munkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawalli">Tawalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabarri" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabarri">Tabarri</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Other practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mourning_of_Muharram" title="Mourning of Muharram">Mourning of Muharram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27een_Pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Arba'een Pilgrimage">Arba'een Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Intercession</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Holy cities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najaf" title="Najaf">Najaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadhimiya" title="Kadhimiya">Kadhimiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_school" title="Ja'fari school">Ja'fari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usulism" title="Usulism">Usuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhbari" title="Akhbari">Akhbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykhism" title="Shaykhism">Shaykhi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Other related sects and groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li>Sufi orders and <a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_order" title="Safavid order">Safaviyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashism_and_folk_religion" title="Bektashism and folk religion">Bektashism and folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamatiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galibi_Order" title="Galibi Order">Galibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%27matull%C4%81h%C4%AB" title="Ni'matullāhī">Ni'matullāhī</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Scholarship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ja'fari jurisprudence">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Maraji" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of Maraji">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawza" title="Hawza">Hawza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ayatollahs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ayatollahs">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamah" title="Allamah">Allamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seghatoleslam" title="Seghatoleslam">Seghatoleslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hojatoleslam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hojatoleslam">Hojatoleslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Hadith collections</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Books" title="The Four Books">The Four Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Kafi" title="Kitab al-Kafi">Kitab al-Kafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_La_Yahduruhu_al-Faqih" title="Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih">Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahdhib_al-Ahkam" title="Tahdhib al-Ahkam">Tahdhib al-Ahkam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Istibsar" title="Al-Istibsar">Al-Istibsar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Other hadith collections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Sulaym_ibn_Qays" title="The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays">Book of Sulaym ibn Qays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_al-Anwar" title="Bihar al-Anwar">Bihar al-Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was%C4%81%27il_al-Sh%C4%AB%CA%BFa" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasā'il al-Shīʿa">Wasā'il al-Shīʿa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_of_Certainty" title="Reality of Certainty">Reality of Certainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahj_al-Balagha" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahj al-Balagha">Nahj al-Balagha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafatih_al-Jinan" title="Mafatih al-Jinan">Mafatih al-Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sahifa_al-Sajjadiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya">Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amali_(of_Shaykh_Saduq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amali (of Shaykh Saduq)">Al-Amali</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Sources of <a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">ijtihad</a> and jurisprudence</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hadith_books#Shia_collections" title="List of hadith books">Hadiths</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Fourteen_Infallibles" title="The Fourteen Infallibles">The Infallibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijma%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijma'">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">Reason</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shia_books" title="List of Shia books">List of Twelver Shia books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Twelver_Shia_Islam" title="Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam">Criticism of Twelver Shi'ism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/File:Ghadir_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/16px-Ghadir_logo.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/24px-Ghadir_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/32px-Ghadir_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Shia_Islam" title="Portal:Shia Islam">Shia Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Twelvers" title="Template:Twelvers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Twelvers" title="Template talk:Twelvers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Twelvers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Twelvers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Hasan al-Mujtaba (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'the chosen') is regarded by the Shia as their second imam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198526-9">[9]</a> Even though his abdication was criticized by some contemporary followers,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979155-195">[192]</a> he continued to be regarded until his death in 670 as the leader (imam) of the supporters of Ali .<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979155-195">[192]</a> Developed by the later Shia Imams,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979281–2-196">[193]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Shia doctrine of Imamate</a> explains that Muhammad was succeeded by Ali and then by Hasan through divine decrees.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979199-197">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979197-198">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleave2008-199">[196]</a> As the rightful successor of Muhammad in Shia Islam,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201343–4-200">[197]</a> Hasan's all-inclusive temporal and religious authority thus came from divinely-inspired designation (<a href="/wiki/Nass_(Islam)" title="Nass (Islam)">nass</a>), which could not be annulled by abdication to Mu'awiya, who usurped only the temporal authority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201343–4-200">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaktchi2013557–8-201">[198]</a> Indeed, the imamate and caliphate are viewed as separate institutions in Shia Islam until such time that God would make the Imam victorious.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979197-198">[195]</a> A prophetic hadith in some Shia and Sunni sources states that Hasan and Husayn were imams "whether they stand up or sit down" (ascend to the caliphate or not).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETabatabai1977173-202">[199]</a> As for the abdication, Shia theologians cite the disintegration of Hasan's corps, abandonment by his allies, the looting of his military campground, and his assassination attempt to justify Hasan's peace with Mu'awiya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaktchi2013558-203">[200]</a> Alternatively, Veccia Vaglieri suggests that the Shia views Hasan's abdication in light of his pious detachment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> Hasan's infallibility (<a href="/wiki/Ismah" title="Ismah">isma</a>) in Shia Islam further vindicates his course of action.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaktchi2013558-203">[200]</a> The Shia <a href="/wiki/Sharif_al-Murtaza" title="Sharif al-Murtaza">Sharif al-Murtaza</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1044) writes that Hasan reluctantly made peace to end the civil war, and his subsequent pledge to Mu'awiya is viewed by the Shia as an act of <a href="/wiki/Taqiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Taqiya">taqiya</a>. Shia theologians perceive the treaty as a ceasefire (muh'adana) or agreement (mu'ahada) rather than an alliance with Mu'awiya. To support this claim, they cite Mu'awiya's violation of the treaty, the stipulation therein that Mu'awiya should not be called <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-mu%27minin" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir al-mu'minin">amir al-mu'minin</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'the commander of the faithful'), and Hasan's refusal to fight the Kharijites for Mu'awiya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaktchi2013558-203">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Miracles">Miracles</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Miracles">edit</a>]</div> According to Donaldson, fewer miracles are attributed to Hasan than to other Shia Imams. Veccia Vaglieri disagrees, listing the following: Hasan recited the Quran when he was born and praised God.Later, in life, he resurrected a dead man and a dead palm tree bore fruits at his request. God sent down a meal for his companions from the skies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson193374,_75-204">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature_and_TV">Literature and TV</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Literature and TV">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> Persian literature about Hasan can be divided into two categories: historical and mystical. Historical literature includes Hasan's life, imamate, his peace with Mu'awiya, and his death. Mystical literature showcases his virtues and his prominent position in Shia spirituality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaktchi2013561-205">[202]</a> Hasan's life has been the subject of poetry from <a href="/wiki/Sanai" title="Sanai">Sanai</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1141) to the present. The themes are his virtues, Muhammad's admiration of him, and his suffering and death. Poets include Sanai (<a href="/wiki/Hadiqat_al_Haqiqa" title="Hadiqat al Haqiqa">Hadiqat al Haqiqa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar of Nishapur</a>, Ghavami Razi, <a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Dawla_Simnani" title="'Ala' al-Dawla Simnani">'Ala' al-Dawla Simnani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Yamin" title="Ibn Yamin">Ibn Yamin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khwaju_Kermani" title="Khwaju Kermani">Khwaju Kermani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salman_Savaji" title="Salman Savaji">Salman Savoji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazin_Lahiji" title="Hazin Lahiji">Hazin Lahiji</a>, Naziri Neyshabouri, <a href="/wiki/Vesal_Shirazi" title="Vesal Shirazi">Vesal Shirazi</a>, and Adib al-Malak Farahani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaktchi2013561–562-206">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Television">edit</a>]</div> The series <a href="/wiki/Loneliest_Leader" title="Loneliest Leader">Loneliest Leader</a>, directed in 1996 by Mehdi Fakhimzadeh, narrates Hasan's life, his peace with Mu'awiya, and the condition of the Islamic community after his assassination. The events leading up to Hasan's peace and his attempted assassination in al-Mada'in are also mentioned in the series <a href="/wiki/Mokhtarnameh" title="Mokhtarnameh">Mokhtarnameh</a> by <a href="/wiki/Davood_Mirbagheri" class="mw-redirect" title="Davood Mirbagheri">Davood Mirbagheri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muawiya,_Hassan_and_Hussein_(TV_series)" title="Muawiya, Hassan and Hussein (TV series)">Muawiya, Hasan and Husayn</a> is an Arab series about Hasan and Husayn which has been criticized as anti-Shia.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Fourteen_Infallibles" title="The Fourteen Infallibles">The Fourteen Infallibles</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghadir_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/19px-Ghadir_logo.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/29px-Ghadir_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/38px-Ghadir_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Shia_Islam" title="Portal:Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/18px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/28px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/36px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> 1) That the caliphate would be restored to Hasan after the death of Mu'awiya, 2) that Hasan would receive five million dirhams annually from the state treasury, 3) that Hasan would receive the annual revenue of Darabjird, 4) that the people would be guaranteed peace with one another.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979150,_151-99">[99]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> 1) That Mu'awiya should rule according to the Book of God, the sunna of the Prophet, and the conduct of the righteous caliphs, 2) that Mu'awiya would not appoint or nominate anyone to the caliphate after him, but the choice would be left to a shura, 3) that the people would be left in peace wherever they are in the land of God, 4) that the companions and the followers of Ali, their lives, properties, their women and their children, would be guaranteed safe conduct and peace, 5) that no harm or dangerous act, secretly or openly, would be done to Hasan, his brother, Husayn, or to anyone from the family of the Muhammad.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979151-101">[100]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> In <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabi</a> belief, historical sites and shrines encourage <a href="/wiki/Shirk_(Islam)" title="Shirk (Islam)">shirk</a> – the sin of idolatry or polytheism – and should be destroyed. See <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2011" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Jerome (24 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/mecca-for-the-rich-islams-holiest-site-turning-into-vegas-2360114.html">"Mecca for the rich: Islam's holiest site 'turning into Vegas'"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170616174556/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/mecca-for-the-rich-islams-holiest-site-turning-into-vegas-2360114.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Mecca+for+the+rich%3A+Islam%27s+holiest+site+%27turning+into+Vegas%27&rft.date=2011-09-24&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fmecca-for-the-rich-islams-holiest-site-turning-into-vegas-2360114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrowne1928392-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrowne1928392_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1928">Browne 1928</a>, p. 392. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung2003_2-38">am</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadelung2003">Madelung 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1985239-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen1985239_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen 1985</a>, p. 239. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoonawalaKohlberg1985-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoonawalaKohlberg1985_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPoonawalaKohlberg1985">Poonawala & Kohlberg 1985</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrAfsaruddin2021-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrAfsaruddin2021_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrAfsaruddin2021_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrAfsaruddin2021_5-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFNasrAfsaruddin2021">Nasr & Afsaruddin 2021</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuehler2014186-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuehler2014186_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuehler2014186_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuehler2014186_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuehler2014186_6-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuehler2014">Buehler 2014</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202156-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbas202156_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbbas2021">Abbas 2021</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaj-Manouchehri2013532-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaj-Manouchehri2013532_8-0">^</a> <a href="#DBE">Haj-Manouchehri 2013</a>, p. 532. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198526-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198526_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198526_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198526_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198526_9-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen 1985</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971_10-39">an</a> <a href="#CITEREFVeccia_Vaglieri1971">Veccia Vaglieri 1971</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971240-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971240_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVeccia_Vaglieri1971">Veccia Vaglieri 1971</a>, p. 240. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198526,_326-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198526,_326_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen 1985</a>, pp. 26, 326. </li> <li 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Brill. pp. 381–386. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469456">495469456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CA%BFAl%C4%AB+b.+Ab%C4%AB+%E1%B9%AC%C4%81lib&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+I%3A+A%E2%80%93B&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E381-%3C%2Fspan%3E386&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469456&rft.aulast=Veccia+Vaglieri&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3D%25CA%25BFAl%25C4%25AB%2Bb.%2BAb%25C4%25AB%2B%25E1%25B9%25AC%25C4%2581lib%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeccia_Vaglieri1971" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Veccia Vaglieri, L. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=%28Al%29-%E1%B8%A4asan+b.+%CA%BFAl%C3%AF+b.+Ab%C3%AF+%E1%B9%AC%C4%81lib&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"(Al)-Ḥasan b. ʿAlï b. Abï Ṭālib"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis_M%C3%A9nage" title="Victor Louis Ménage">Ménage, V. L.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. Volume III: H–Iram. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 240–243. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469525">495469525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%28Al%29-%E1%B8%A4asan+b.+%CA%BFAl%C3%AF+b.+Ab%C3%AF+%E1%B9%AC%C4%81lib&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+III%3A+H%E2%80%93Iram&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E240-%3C%2Fspan%3E243&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469525&rft.aulast=Veccia+Vaglieri&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3D%2528Al%2529-%25E1%25B8%25A4asan%2Bb.%2B%25CA%25BFAl%25C3%25AF%2Bb.%2BAb%25C3%25AF%2B%25E1%25B9%25AC%25C4%2581lib%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeccia_Vaglieri1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Veccia_Vaglieri" title="Laura Veccia Vaglieri">Veccia Vaglieri, L.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-djamal-SIM_1962?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=al-+D%CC%B2j%CC%B2amal">"Al-Djamal"</a>. 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Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/453206240">453206240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+religi%C3%B6s-politischen+Oppositionsparteien+im+alten+Islam&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Weidmannsche+Buchhandlung&rft.date=1901&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F453206240&rft.aulast=Wellhausen&rft.aufirst=Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.358135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWellhausen1927" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Wellhausen" title="Julius Wellhausen">Wellhausen, Julius</a> (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabkingdomandit029490mbp">The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall</a>. 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Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780062227621" title="Special:BookSources/9780062227621"><bdi>9780062227621</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Study+Quran%3A+A+New+Translation+and+Commentary&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780062227621&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthestudyquran_201909%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeaman2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Leaman, O. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thequrananencyclopediaed.byoliverleaman_201909/page/n43/mode/2up">"AHL AL-BAYT"</a>. In Leaman, O. (ed.). The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. pp. 16, 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AHL+AL-BAYT&rft.btitle=The+Qur%27an%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=16%2C+17&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Leaman&rft.aufirst=O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthequrananencyclopediaed.byoliverleaman_201909%2Fpage%2Fn43%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldziherArendonkTritton2022" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Goldziher, I.; Arendonk, C. van; Tritton, A.S. (2022). "Ahl Al-Bayt". In Bearman, P. (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). Brill Reference Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ahl+Al-Bayt&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Brill+Reference+Online&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Goldziher&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.au=Arendonk%2C+C.+van&rft.au=Tritton%2C+A.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward1984" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Howard, I.K.A. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ahl-e-bayt">"AHL-E BAYT"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I/6. p. 635.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AHL-E+BAYT&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pages=635&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=I.K.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fahl-e-bayt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Walker, Adam H. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1/mode/2up">"ABU BAKR AL-SIDDIQ (C. 573-634)"</a>. In Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (eds.). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopaedia of the Prophet of God. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610691772" title="Special:BookSources/9781610691772"><bdi>9781610691772</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ABU+BAKR+AL-SIDDIQ+%28C.+573-634%29&rft.btitle=Muhammad+in+History%2C+Thought%2C+and+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopaedia+of+the+Prophet+of+God&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781610691772&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Adam+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhetia2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Khetia, Vinay (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976817/">Fatima as a Motif of Contention and Suffering in Islamic Sources</a> (Thesis). Concordia University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Fatima+as+a+Motif+of+Contention+and+Suffering+in+Islamic+Sources&rft.inst=Concordia+University&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Khetia&rft.aufirst=Vinay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspectrum.library.concordia.ca%2F976817%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFedele2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fedele, Valentina (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jt91DwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA56">"FATIMA (605/15-632 CE)"</a>. In de-Gaia, Susan (ed.). Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions. ABC-CLIO. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440848506" title="Special:BookSources/9781440848506"><bdi>9781440848506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=FATIMA+%28605%2F15-632+CE%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Women+in+World+Religions&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781440848506&rft.aulast=Fedele&rft.aufirst=Valentina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djt91DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmir-Moezzi2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419">"Ghadīr Khumm"</a>. In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419">10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ghad%C4%ABr+Khumm&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=Third&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419&rft.aulast=Amir-Moezzi&rft.aufirst=Mohammad+Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGleave2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gleave, Robert (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/jafar-al-sadeq-i-life">"JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ i. Life"</a>. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. XIV. pp. 349–351.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=JA%CA%BFFAR+AL-%E1%B9%A2%C4%80DEQ+i.+Life&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E349-%3C%2Fspan%3E351&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Gleave&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fjafar-al-sadeq-i-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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.sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Hasan ibn Ali at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hasan_ibn_Ali" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Hasan ibn Ali">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Gilman, D. C.</a>; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Hasan and Hosein". <a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a> (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hasan+and+Hosein&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+ibn+Ali" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Hasan ibn Ali of the <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-bayt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl al-bayt">ahl al-bayt</a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a></div><div style="font-size:90%">Clan of the <a href="/wiki/Quraysh_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quraysh (tribe)">Quraysh</a></div>Born: <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 625 Died: 2 April 670 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imam of the Shia</a> 661–670 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Caliphs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Caliphs">Caliph of Islam</a> January 661 – August 661 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya I</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shia_Imams401" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shia_Imams" title="Template:Shia Imams"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shia_Imams" title="Template talk:Shia Imams"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shia_Imams" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shia Imams"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shia_Imams401" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Shia Imams</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Twelver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hasan ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">Ali al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kazim" title="Musa al-Kazim">Musa al-Kazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Rida" title="Ali al-Rida">Ali al-Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Jawad" title="Muhammad al-Jawad">Muhammad al-Jawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">Ali al-Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hasan al-Askari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi</a>§</li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> ("Asās" or "Wāsih" of <a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Islam">Nabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>)</li></ul> <ol><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">Ali al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Ja%27far" title="Isma'il ibn Ja'far">Isma'il ibn Ja'far</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Muhammad ibn Isma'il">Muhammad ibn Isma'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wafi" title="Ahmad al-Wafi">Abdallah (Wafi Ahmad)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_at-Taqi_(Isma%27ili)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad at-Taqi (Isma'ili)">Ahmad (Taqi Muhammad)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radi_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Radi Abdullah">Husayn (Radhi Abdallah)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah" title="Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah">Abdallah al-Mahdi</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">Muhammad al-Qa'im</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah">Isma'il al-Mansur</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">Ma'ad al-Mu'izz</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah" title="Al-Aziz Billah">Nizar al-Aziz</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Mansur al-Hakim</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">Ali al-Zahir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">Ma'ad al-Mustansir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27li" title="Al-Musta'li">Ahmad al-Musta'li</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amir_bi-Ahkami%27l-Lah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah">Mansur al-Amir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hafiz" title="Al-Hafiz">Abd al-Majid al-Hafiz</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zafir" title="Al-Zafir">Isma'il al-Zafir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fa%27iz_bi-Nasr_Allah" title="Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah">Isa al-Fa'iz</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adid" title="Al-Adid">Abdallah al-Adid</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daoud_ibn_al-Adid" title="Daoud ibn al-Adid">Dawud al-Hamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_Daoud" title="Sulayman ibn Daoud">Sulayman Badr al-Din</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> ("Asās" or "Wāsih" of <a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Islam">Nabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>)</li></ul> <ol><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">Ali al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Ja%27far" title="Isma'il ibn Ja'far">Isma'il ibn Ja'far</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Muhammad ibn Isma'il">Muhammad ibn Isma'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wafi" title="Ahmad al-Wafi">Abdallah (Wafi Ahmad)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_at-Taqi_(Isma%27ili)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad at-Taqi (Isma'ili)">Ahmad (Taqi Muhammad)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radi_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Radi Abdullah">Husayn (Radhi Abdallah)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Mahdi_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah">Abdallah al-Mahdi</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">Muhammad al-Qa'im</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah">Isma'il al-Mansur</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">Ma'ad al-Mu'izz</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah" title="Al-Aziz Billah">Nizar al-Aziz</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Mansur al-Hakim</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">Ali al-Zahir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">Ma'ad al-Mustansir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27li" title="Al-Musta'li">Ahmad al-Musta'li</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amir_bi-Ahkami%27l-Lah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah">Mansur al-Amir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Qasim_al-Tayyib" title="Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib">Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib</a>‡</li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Nizari</a> (Qasim-Shahi)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">Ali al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Ja%27far" title="Isma'il ibn Ja'far">Isma'il ibn Ja'far</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Muhammad ibn Isma'il">Muhammad ibn Isma'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wafi" title="Ahmad al-Wafi">Abdallah (Wafi Ahmad)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_at-Taqi_(Isma%27ili)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad at-Taqi (Isma'ili)">Ahmad (Taqi Muhammad)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radi_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Radi Abdullah">Husayn (Radhi Abdallah)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Mahdi_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah">Abdallah al-Mahdi</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">al-Qa'im</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah">Isma'il al-Mansur</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">Ma'ad al-Mu'izz</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah" title="Al-Aziz Billah">Nizar al-Aziz</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Mansur al-Hakim</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">Ali al-Zahir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">Ma'ad al-Mustansir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizar_ibn_al-Mustansir" title="Nizar ibn al-Mustansir">Nizar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi_ibn_Nizar" title="Ali al-Hadi ibn Nizar">Ali al-Hadi</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadi_(Nizari_imam)" title="Al-Muhtadi (Nizari imam)">Muhammad (I) al-Muhtadi</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Qahir" title="Hasan al-Qahir">Hasan (I) al-Qahir</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Alamut" title="Hassan II of Alamut">Hasan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Alamut" title="Muhammad II of Alamut">Nur al-Din Muhammad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_III_of_Alamut" title="Hassan III of Alamut">Jalal al-Din Hasan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_III_of_Alamut" title="Muhammad III of Alamut">Ala al-Din Muhammad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukn_al-Din_Khurshah" title="Rukn al-Din Khurshah">Rukn al-Din Khurshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Muhammad_(Nizari_imam)" title="Shams al-Din Muhammad (Nizari imam)">Shams al-Din Muhammad</a></li> <li>Qasim Shah</li> <li>Islam Shah</li> <li>Muhammad ibn Islam Shah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah_II_(Nizari_imam)" title="Al-Mustansir Billah II (Nizari imam)">Ali Shah (al-Mustansir Billah II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Salam_Shah" title="Abd al-Salam Shah">Abd al-Salam Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gharib_Mirza" title="Gharib Mirza">Gharib Mirza (al-Mustansir Billah III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dharr_Ali" title="Abu Dharr Ali">Abu Dharr Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_Mirza" title="Murad Mirza">Murad Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Allah_I" title="Khalil Allah I">Khalil Allah I (Dhu'l-Faqar Ali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Dahr_Ali" title="Nur al-Dahr Ali">Nur al-Dahr Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Allah_II_Ali" title="Khalil Allah II Ali">Khalil Allah II Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Nizar_II" title="Shah Nizar II">Shah Nizar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Ali_(Nizari_imam)" title="Sayyid Ali (Nizari imam)">Sayyid Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Hasan_Ali" title="Sayyid Hasan Ali">Sayyid Hasan Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasim_Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qasim Ali (page does not exist)">Qasim Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu%27l-Hasan_Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu'l-Hasan Ali (page does not exist)">Abu'l-Hasan Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Khalil_Allah_III" title="Shah Khalil Allah III">Shah Khalil Allah III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_I" title="Aga Khan I">Aga Khan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_II" title="Aga Khan II">Aga Khan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_III" title="Aga Khan III">Aga Khan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Aga Khan IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_V" title="Aga Khan V">Aga Khan V</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Nizari</a> (Mu'mini)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">Ali al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Ja%27far" title="Isma'il ibn Ja'far">Isma'il ibn Ja'far</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Muhammad ibn Isma'il">Muhammad ibn Isma'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wafi" title="Ahmad al-Wafi">Abdallah (Wafi Ahmad)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_at-Taqi_(Isma%27ili)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad at-Taqi (Isma'ili)">Ahmad (Taqi Muhammad)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radi_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Radi Abdullah">Husayn (Radhi Abdallah)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Mahdi_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah">Abdallah al-Mahdi</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">al-Qa'im</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah">Isma'il al-Mansur</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">Ma'ad al-Mu'izz</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah" title="Al-Aziz Billah">Nizar al-Aziz</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Mansur al-Hakim</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">Ali al-Zahir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">Ma'ad al-Mustansir</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizar_ibn_al-Mustansir" title="Nizar ibn al-Mustansir">Nizar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi_ibn_Nizar" title="Ali al-Hadi ibn Nizar">Ali al-Hadi</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadi_(Nizari_imam)" title="Al-Muhtadi (Nizari imam)">Muhammad (I) al-Muhtadi</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Qahir" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan al-Qahir">Hasan (I) al-Qahir</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Alamut" title="Hassan II of Alamut">Hasan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Alamut" title="Muhammad II of Alamut">Nur al-Din Muhammad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_III_of_Alamut" title="Hassan III of Alamut">Jalal al-Din Hasan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_III_of_Alamut" title="Muhammad III of Alamut">Ala al-Din Muhammad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukn_al-Din_Khurshah" title="Rukn al-Din Khurshah">Rukn al-Din Khurshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Muhammad_(Nizari_imam)" title="Shams al-Din Muhammad (Nizari imam)">Shams al-Din Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_al-Din_Mu%27min_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ala al-Din Mu'min Shah (page does not exist)">Ala al-Din Mu'min Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Shah_ibn_Mu%27min_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Shah ibn Mu'min Shah (page does not exist)">Muhammad Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radi_al-Din_ibn_Muhammad_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radi al-Din ibn Muhammad Shah (page does not exist)">Radi al-Din I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahir_ibn_Radi_al-Din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahir ibn Radi al-Din (page does not exist)">Tahir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radi_al-Din_ibn_Tahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radi al-Din ibn Tahir (page does not exist)">Radi al-Din II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Tahir" title="Shah Tahir">Shah Tahir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haydar_ibn_Shah_Tahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haydar ibn Shah Tahir (page does not exist)">Haydar I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadr_al-Din_Muhammad_ibn_Haydar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadr al-Din Muhammad ibn Haydar (page does not exist)">Sadr al-Din Miuhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%27in_al-Din_ibn_Sadr_al-Din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mu'in al-Din ibn Sadr al-Din (page does not exist)">Mu'in al-Din I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atiyyat_Allah_ibn_Mu%27in_al-Din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atiyyat Allah ibn Mu'in al-Din (page does not exist)">Atiyyat Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aziz_Shah_ibn_Atiyyat_Allah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aziz Shah ibn Atiyyat Allah (page does not exist)">Aziz Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%27in_al-Din_ibn_Aziz_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mu'in al-Din ibn Aziz Shah (page does not exist)">Mu'in al-Din II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amir_Muhammad_ibn_Mu%27in_al-Din_al-Musharraf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amir Muhammad ibn Mu'in al-Din al-Musharraf (page does not exist)">Amir Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haydar_ibn_Muhammad_al-Mutahhar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haydar ibn Muhammad al-Mutahhar (page does not exist)">Haydar II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amir_Muhammad_ibn_Haydar_al-Baqir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amir Muhammad ibn Haydar al-Baqir (page does not exist)">Amir Muhammad II</a>‡</li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>§ in <a href="/wiki/Occultation_(Islam)" title="Occultation (Islam)">occultation</a></li> <li># <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a> caliphs</li> <li>‡ in <a href="/wiki/Satr_(Isma%27ilism)" title="Satr (Isma'ilism)">concealment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182914#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1610" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182914#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1610" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182914#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000013685628">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125394708">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/621158790622438851369">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1823142/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118901494">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84006350">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12286847r">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12286847r">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074685643">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=336047">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007301337705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118901494">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031703070">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hasan">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&oldid=1276150922">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hasan_ibn_Ali&oldid=1276150922</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:625_births" title="Category:625 births">625 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:670_deaths" title="Category:670 deaths">670 deaths</a></li><li><a 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