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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Fair use - RationalWiki</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"Z997_XZbEXehP0c9Z_c3bQAAAJc","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Fair_use","wgTitle":"Fair use","wgCurRevisionId":2652899,"wgRevisionId":2652899,"wgArticleId":76437,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using DynamicPageList parser function","Internet","Copyright"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Fair_use","wgRelevantArticleId":76437,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgMediaViewerOnClick":!0,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":!0};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","mediawiki.toc.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.35.6"/> <meta name="description" content="Fair use is a provision of many copyright laws that allows the unauthorized use of a copyrighted property. 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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #622424; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#622424"><b><a href="/wiki/Xkcd#SIWOTI_syndrome" title="Xkcd"><font color="white">Someone is wrong on</font></a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet"><font size="4" color="White"><b>The Internet</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F5E4E5;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet" title="Category:Internet"><img alt="Icon internet.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/e/e2/Icon_internet.svg/100px-Icon_internet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/e2/Icon_internet.svg/150px-Icon_internet.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/e2/Icon_internet.svg/200px-Icon_internet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#622424; text-align:center;"><b>Log in:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#F5E4E5;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_censorship" title="Appeal to censorship">Appeal to censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoax-Slayer" title="Hoax-Slayer">Hoax-Slayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kwok" title="John Kwok">John Kwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xkcd" title="Xkcd">Xkcd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_Speaking_Out" title="America Speaking Out">America Speaking Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumsnet" title="Mumsnet">Mumsnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discord" title="Discord">Discord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">Wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_tokens" title="Non-fungible tokens">Non-fungible tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E5%AE%A4%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81" title="地下室论证">地下室论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Hasan Piker</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet" title="Template:Internet">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet" title="Template talk:Internet">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Internet&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fair use</b> is a provision of many <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> laws that allows the unauthorized use of a copyrighted property. Fair usage is an exemption to the monopoly of distribution, usage and creation of derivative works granted by the government to the owner of the copyrighted property. </p><p>In simple terms, you can use something that's copyrighted and get away with it, but only in certain circumstances, such as for commentary, satire, teaching, criticism, or news reporting. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#In_law"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">In law</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Using_.22fair_use.22"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Using "fair use"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#In_general"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">In general</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#What_it_can_be"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">What it can be</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#What_it_definitely_is_NOT"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">What it definitely is NOT</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_law">In law</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fair_use&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In law">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The trouble with fair use in law is that it is a <i>defense</i> rather than a <i>right</i>. </p><p>In the United States, the fair use exemptions are written into the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17 of the U.S. Code),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> in sections 107 to 118.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> As with most copyright law, it can be an inconsistent legal minefield and in contentious legal situations, it may be best to avoid claiming fair usage unless you have first received specialist legal advice. </p><p>US Law states four factors that are considered when looking into fair use claims. These are factors to be considered by courts, lawyers and judges rather than to be a reliable guide for what is and isn't fair use: </p> <dl><dd>1. the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;</dd> <dd>2. the nature of the copyrighted work;</dd> <dd>3. the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and</dd> <dd>4. the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.</dd></dl> <p>In other words; if it comes to court, they'll probably just make it up and the side with the highest paid lawyer wins. </p> <h2><span id="Using_"fair_use""></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Using_.22fair_use.22">Using "fair use"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fair_use&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Using "fair use"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Fair use must take into account several aspects, including the amount of work used, the purpose for the usage, the entity using the work and how it impacts the owner's rights. Simply <i>asserting</i> "fair use" while infringing the copyright of a work is not a guarantee of non-infringing use, it must still fall under the defined legal terms. Reposting a work found on another site without authorization, even if both the original site and the new site are free to use, does not guarantee a non-infringing use. For example, if <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> claims "fair use" to use a picture of someone to illustrate the person's biographical article, this doesn't allow you to take that image and claim "fair use" for a completely different context, such as an article about that person's partner, or something they were involved in. </p><p>"Fair use" is a US based law and other countries will treat copyright law differently. The similarly titled "fair deal" or "fair dealing" law in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries, for example is similar, but much more restrictive and less well defined. Fair dealing is primarily used when copyright infringement is purely accidental, coincidental or unavoidable. For example, if someone is making a home video of a holiday and records a song that is playing in the background, or captures an image that would otherwise be copyrighted, this would be considered fair. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_general">In general</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fair_use&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In general">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>As a very general, but totally unreliable guide, copyrighted materials can be considered under "fair use" in the US in the following circumstances. Usually the copyrighted work needs to satisfy more than one of these criteria so just one justification may not be enough to be legally sound. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="What_it_can_be">What it can be</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fair_use&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: What it can be">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li>The amount of copyrighted work reproduced is small, for example, a single quote from a 2 hour film. (Though some courts have ruled that quoting an entire short work can constitute fair use.)</li> <li>The copyrighted work is directly relevant rather than incidental to the context that it's being reproduced in.</li> <li>An image is of much lower resolution and quality and/or a much smaller portion of the full, original image.</li> <li>The image is of a dead person, so there is no chance of developing any new - and copyright free - images.</li> <li>The copyrighted work is being reproduced for educational value (this is a very tedious point which is difficult to justify).</li> <li>If the work is reproduced for the sake of comment, criticism or satire/parody (the last one being another difficult point as some people's idea of satire and parody are rather lame<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>).</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="What_it_definitely_is_NOT">What it definitely is NOT</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fair_use&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: What it definitely is NOT">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li>"Freely available" or "widely available" does not constitute fair use.</li> <li>"Unknown copyright" does not justify fair use.</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignorantia_juris_non_excusat" class="extiw" title="wp:Ignorantia juris non excusat" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Ignorantia juris non excusat">Ignorance is, unfortunately, not a good enough excuse in a court of law.</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup></li> <li>Posting anonymously on 4Chan.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fair_use&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li>The RW <a href="/wiki/Template:Fair_use" title="Template:Fair use">fair use</a> template</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, which doesn't seem to think fair use exists, and would content-ID your video if not strike your account outright</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fair_use&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citmedialaw.org/legal-guide/fair-use">Citizen Media Law Project</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teflpedia.com/index.php?title=Copyright_in_English_language_teaching">Copyright in English language teaching</a> - a rundown of copyright law in different countries.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fair_use&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; -webkit-column-count:1; column-count:1; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html">http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#107">http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#107</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rationalwiki.org">Rationalwiki</a></span> </li> 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