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id="toc-Inscriptions_and_decorations_of_2012_bells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inscriptions_and_decorations_of_2012_bells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Inscriptions and decorations of 2012 bells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inscriptions_and_decorations_of_2012_bells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ringing_the_bells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ringing_the_bells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ringing the bells</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ringing_the_bells-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ringing the bells subsection</span> </button> <ul 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_16.jpg/220px-Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_16.jpg/330px-Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_16.jpg/440px-Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Exhibition of new bells in the nave of Notre-Dame in February 2013</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_03.jpg/220px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_03.jpg/330px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_03.jpg/440px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3431" data-file-height="2573" /></a><figcaption>Notre-Dame's north tower (left) holds eight bells while the slightly smaller south tower (right) holds the two largest bells.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are 10 <a href="/wiki/Church_bell" title="Church bell">church bells</a> in the cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a>, all of which are mounted in the two main <a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">bell towers</a>. Notre-Dame used to have other smaller bells in the <a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris">spire</a> and within the roof, but these were destroyed in a <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame de Paris fire">fire in 2019</a>. </p><p>For most of the cathedral's history, the bells have been primarily used as a <a href="/wiki/Striking_clock" title="Striking clock">striking clock</a>, to call to prayer for the <a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a>, and to announce and participate in <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Divine Offices</a> and special services. They have also sometimes been used as a <i lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tocsin#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:tocsin">tocsin</a></i> or to commemorate historic events. As such they have become a familiar part of life in Paris, where they are known as "the cathedral's voice." </p><p>The largest, oldest, and most well-known of Notre-Dame's bells is the <a href="/wiki/Bourdon_(bell)" title="Bourdon (bell)">bourdon</a> <b>Emmanuel</b>, which was cast in 1686. Emmanuel is considered by <a href="/wiki/Campanology" title="Campanology">campanologists</a> as one of Europe's finest bells and was designated a national historic landmark in 1944 when it rang during the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">liberation of Paris</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_bells">Early bells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early bells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest named bells of Notre-Dame, mentioned in 13th and 14th century records, include <b>Marie</b> (the bourdon), <b>Gilbert</b>, <b>Guillaume</b>, <b>Pasquier</b>, <b>Chambellan</b>, <b>Louis</b>, <b>Nicholas</b>, and <b>Luc</b>, all initially housed in the north tower. Historian Dany Sandron speculated that Gilbert may have been given by bishop Gilbert, the bishop of Paris from 1116 to 1123. If so, the earliest bells may have predated the cathedral itself. Bishop <a href="/wiki/Eudes_de_Sully" title="Eudes de Sully">Eudes de Sully</a> made the first record of bell ringing at Notre-Dame in 1198 during the construction of the cathedral. The earliest verified bell is Guillaume, donated by bishop <a href="/wiki/William_of_Auvergne" title="William of Auvergne">Guillaume d'Auvergne</a> in 1230, five years before the completion of the north tower.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012204_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2012204-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESandronTallon202095_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESandronTallon202095-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of eight bells were mounted there by 1311.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESociété1913176_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESociété1913176-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris">spire</a>, completed in about 1250, originally held a seven-bell <a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">carillon</a>, which included <b>la Pugnaise</b>, a bell used to signal the bell ringer in the main towers, and the chapter bell <b>la Clopette</b>, used to announce gatherings of the cathedral <a href="/wiki/Chapter_(religion)" title="Chapter (religion)">chapter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubu185425_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubu185425-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Middle Ages, the carillon accompanied Notre-Dame's main bells, as did the bells of several surrounding buildings, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clo%C3%AEtre_Notre-Dame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cloître Notre-Dame (page does not exist)">cloister</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clo%C3%AEtre_Notre-Dame" class="extiw" title="fr:Cloître Notre-Dame">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Denis-du-Pas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Église Saint-Denis-du-Pas (page does not exist)">Saint-Denis-du-Pas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Denis-du-Pas" class="extiw" title="fr:Église Saint-Denis-du-Pas">fr</a>]</span> to the east, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop%27s_Palace_of_Paris" title="Archbishop's Palace of Paris">episcopal palace</a> to the south, and the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel-Dieu,_Paris" title="Hôtel-Dieu, Paris">Hôtel-Dieu</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Christophe_de_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Église Saint-Christophe de Paris (page does not exist)">Saint-Christophe</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Christophe_de_Paris" class="extiw" title="fr:Église Saint-Christophe de Paris">fr</a>]</span> to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemko1955232_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemko1955232-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1400, <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Montaigu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean de Montaigu">Jean de Montaigu</a>, an advisor to the king, donated a new larger bourdon which he named <b>Jacqueline</b> after his wife Jacqueline de la Grange. It was not initially hung in the church, possibly because of its great weight and the poor condition of the north belfry at the time. Between 1403 and 1407, a new belfry was built in the south tower, which had remained empty since its construction in 1250. Jacqueline was hung in the new belfry, and in 1414, some of the north tower bells were temporarily hung there as well while repairs were made to the north belfry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESociété1913197_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESociété1913197-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1378 and 1480, the two bourdons Marie and Jacqueline were recast a combined 10 times. By 1430, Marie was the larger bell and was permanently moved to the south tower, mounted beside Jacqueline.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1453, Thibault de Vitry, counselor of the <a href="/wiki/Parlement_of_Paris" title="Parlement of Paris">Parlement of Paris</a>, donated <b>Thibault</b> and in 1472, Canon Jean Hue donated <b>Gabriel</b>, named after <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">the archangel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGueffier176339_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGueffier176339-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The later replaced Gilbert as the largest bell in the north tower. Gilbert was melted down and the metal added to Marie when it was again recast later that year. <b>Jean</b> also first appeared in the 15th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1551, the carillon was either recast or replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESociété1913180–181_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESociété1913180–181-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this point, the names of four of the carillon bells were recorded as <b>Catherine</b>, <b>Magdelaine</b>, <b>Barbe</b> (named after <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Saint Barbara</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemko1955232_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemko1955232-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Anne</b>. With the addition of an unnamed fifth bell, La Pugnaise, and La Clopette, the spire held seven bells in 1612, but by 1763 this was reduced to six.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGueffier176341_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGueffier176341-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Jacqueline broke in 1680, the chapter decided to recast the bell with about twice its original mass. It was also decided to rename the bell <b>Emmanuel</b> (first spelled "Emanuel")<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFigure_de_la_grosse_cloche1681_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFigure_de_la_grosse_cloche1681-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in honour of a chaplain by that name who financed the project. It was also felt that the new name held more <a href="/wiki/Immanuel" title="Immanuel">religious significance</a>. <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Conventual" title="Order of Friars Minor Conventual">Cordelier</a> friar Jean Thibault recast the bell that year, but this bell was deemed unsuccessful and was never mounted in the church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillon1866112_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillon1866112-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1681, four master-founders collaborated to recast the bell—Nicolas Chapelle, Jean Gillot, François Moreau, and Florentin le Guay. The work was carried out on the Terrain, an open space of land on the eastern end of the Île de la Cité, near where <a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Jean-XXIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Square Jean-XXIII (page does not exist)">Square Jean-XXIII</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Jean-XXIII" class="extiw" title="fr:Square Jean-XXIII">fr</a>]</span> and the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_des_Martyrs_de_la_D%C3%A9portation" title="Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation">Deportation Memorial</a> are located today. The bell was cast on 31 October and removed from its mould and rung for the first time on 20 November. It was brought into the cathedral through the north portal where the <a href="/wiki/Trumeau_(architecture)" title="Trumeau (architecture)">trumeau</a> had to be removed so the bell could fit through.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821146_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821146-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bell's baptism was held on 29 April 1682,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officiated by archbishop <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Harlay_de_Champvallon" title="François de Harlay de Champvallon">François de Harlay de Champvallon</a>. The chapter invited the king and queen, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Maria Theresa</a>, to serve as the bell's godparents. It was mounted in the south tower next to Marie on 14 July.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Believing the bell to be improperly tuned, the chapter requested that the founders remake the bell. The issue went to court in 1684. While the initial trial, held at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Grand Châtelet">Grand Châtelet</a>, found them not liable, this was later overturned by the Parlement of Paris. This third version of the bell was named <b>Emmanuel-Louise-Thérèse</b> to include the names of its godparents. This was in particular meant to memorialize Maria Theresa who had died in 1683. The queen's name was also added to the inscription. Emmanuel was completed in 1686 (evidently behind schedule, as the inscription reads "made in 1685"). This is the bell which has survived to the present day, and is renowned for both its history and musical quality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAFP2013_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAFP2013-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emmanuel was the largest bell in France until 1891 when La Savoyarde was cast for the <a href="/wiki/Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur,_Paris" title="Sacré-Cœur, Paris">Sacré-Cœur</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Figure_de_la_grosse_Cloche_de_N-Dame.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The second version of Emanuel, cast in 1681"><img alt="The second version of Emanuel, cast in 1681" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Figure_de_la_grosse_Cloche_de_N-Dame.jpg/320px-Figure_de_la_grosse_Cloche_de_N-Dame.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Figure_de_la_grosse_Cloche_de_N-Dame.jpg/480px-Figure_de_la_grosse_Cloche_de_N-Dame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Figure_de_la_grosse_Cloche_de_N-Dame.jpg/641px-Figure_de_la_grosse_Cloche_de_N-Dame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1770" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The second version of Emanuel, cast in 1681</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 451.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 449.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bourdon_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_insere_dans_un_plan_du_choeur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VIP seating arrangements at the 1682 baptism for Emanuel. The bell is situated at the crossing with the jubé at the top of the image. Armchairs for the king and queen are to the left towards the north transept."><img alt="VIP seating arrangements at the 1682 baptism for Emanuel. The bell is situated at the crossing with the jubé at the top of the image. Armchairs for the king and queen are to the left towards the north transept." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bourdon_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_insere_dans_un_plan_du_choeur.jpg/674px-Bourdon_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_insere_dans_un_plan_du_choeur.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bourdon_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_insere_dans_un_plan_du_choeur.jpg/1010px-Bourdon_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_insere_dans_un_plan_du_choeur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bourdon_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_insere_dans_un_plan_du_choeur.jpg/1347px-Bourdon_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_insere_dans_un_plan_du_choeur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2005" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VIP seating arrangements at the 1682 baptism for Emanuel. The bell is situated at the <a href="/wiki/Crossing_(architecture)" title="Crossing (architecture)">crossing</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Rood_screen" title="Rood screen">jubé</a> at the top of the image. Armchairs for the king and queen are to the left towards the north transept.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bourdon_Emmanuel_in_2016_(36378821523).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emmanuel-Louise-Thérèse, cast in 1686"><img alt="Emmanuel-Louise-Thérèse, cast in 1686" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bourdon_Emmanuel_in_2016_%2836378821523%29.jpg/337px-Bourdon_Emmanuel_in_2016_%2836378821523%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bourdon_Emmanuel_in_2016_%2836378821523%29.jpg/506px-Bourdon_Emmanuel_in_2016_%2836378821523%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bourdon_Emmanuel_in_2016_%2836378821523%29.jpg/675px-Bourdon_Emmanuel_in_2016_%2836378821523%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="5248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Emmanuel-Louise-Thérèse, cast in 1686</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External audio</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-style: italic">Projet Cloche</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="audio icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120131212731/https://www.notredamedeparis.fr/IMG/mp3/NDP_Projet_Cloche.mp3">Digital recreation of the sound of Notre-Dame's bells from 1769 to 1791</a>, <i>31 January 2012, retrieved 18 January 2021</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most of the north tower bells were recast in the 18th century. <b>Claude</b> is first mentioned in 1711, although it likely originated earlier. In 1766, three dedicated clock bells were installed in one of the north transept's turrets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821150_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821150-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>François</b> was added to the north tower in 1769.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XVI_%C3%86_Double_sol_701156.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Louis_XVI_%C3%86_Double_sol_701156.jpg/220px-Louis_XVI_%C3%86_Double_sol_701156.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Louis_XVI_%C3%86_Double_sol_701156.jpg/330px-Louis_XVI_%C3%86_Double_sol_701156.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Louis_XVI_%C3%86_Double_sol_701156.jpg/440px-Louis_XVI_%C3%86_Double_sol_701156.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption>1792 French double <a href="/wiki/French_sol" title="French sol">sou</a> minted from bell metal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarchand2012_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarchand2012-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "These eight bells [...] circulate today by indefinite fractions in the hands of the public."<br />—Antoine-Pierre-Marie Gilbert<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821150_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821150-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, about 80% of church bells throughout the country were melted down,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or almost 100,000 bells. Despite the widespread <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">iconoclasm</a> of the era which effected many of <a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptures_in_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="List of sculptures in Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame's statues</a>, the melting of bells was more a pragmatic decision based on the need for cheap raw materials at the time. The <a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Constituent Assembly</a> had transferred all church property to the state in 1789 and began to melt down Parisian church bells in 1790. Between May 1791 and August 1792, Marie, Gabriel, Guillaume, Pasquier, Thibault, Jean, Claude, Nicholas, and Françoise were removed, broken apart, and melted down. The metal would be used for coins and cannons. The only bells to survive were the three clock bells and Emmanuel. The latter was rung for the <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Reason#Festival_of_Reason" title="Cult of Reason">Festival of Reason</a> in 1793<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2019_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2019-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before being taken down and put into storage in 1794.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It was also during the Revolution that the original spire was taken down along with its carillon, although this was not related to the events of the Revolution.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_bells_(1769)"><span id="List_of_bells_.281769.29"></span>List of bells (1769)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of bells (1769)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Location</th> <th>No.<sup id="cite_ref-ringingorder_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ringingorder-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Name</th> <th>Year cast</th> <th>Mass<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Diameter</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Strike_tone" title="Strike tone">Tone</a></th> <th>Year removed </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">South tower</td> <td>1</td> <td>Emmanuel</td> <td>1686</td> <td>about 13,000 kg<sup id="cite_ref-Emmanuel_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmanuel-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.61 m</td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>2</sub></td> <td>1794 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Marie</td> <td>1472</td> <td>11,258 kg</td> <td>2.4 m</td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>2</sub></td> <td>1792 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8">North tower</td> <td>3</td> <td>Gabriel</td> <td>1641</td> <td>4,332 kg</td> <td>1.89 m</td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>2</sub></td> <td rowspan="8">1791–92 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Guillaume</td> <td>1769</td> <td>3,524 kg</td> <td>1.71 m</td> <td>B<sub>2</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Pasquier</td> <td>1765</td> <td>2,643 kg</td> <td>1.55 m</td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Thibault</td> <td>1764</td> <td>2,048 kg</td> <td>1.41 m</td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Jean</td> <td>1769</td> <td>1,530 kg</td> <td>1.26 m</td> <td>E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Claude</td> <td rowspan="2">1714</td> <td>979 kg</td> <td>1.13 m</td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>Nicolas</td> <td>744 kg</td> <td>95 cm</td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>François</td> <td>1769</td> <td>587 kg</td> <td>99.7 cm</td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012208_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2012208-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">Spire</td> <td>11</td> <td>Catherine</td> <td rowspan="4" data-sort-value="1559-12-31">1551</td> <td>254 kg</td> <td></td> <td>B<sub>3</sub></td> <td rowspan="6">1792 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Magdelaine</td> <td>195 kg</td> <td></td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>Barbe</td> <td>146 kg</td> <td></td> <td>D<sub>4</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>Anne</td> <td>91 kg</td> <td></td> <td>E<sub>4</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>Pugnèse</td> <td>by 1283</td> <td>25 kg</td> <td></td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>La Clopette</td> <td data-sort-value="1301-01-01"></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">North transept</td> <td>17</td> <td rowspan="3">clock bells</td> <td rowspan="3">1766</td> <td>1,905 kg</td> <td></td> <td>~C<sub>3</sub></td> <td rowspan="3">1856 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>566 kg</td> <td></td> <td>G<sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>412 kg</td> <td></td> <td>A<sub>3</sub> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inscriptions_of_Emmanuel">Inscriptions of Emmanuel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inscriptions of Emmanuel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The upper inscriptions were written in Latin; the lower inscriptions were written in French with some <a href="/wiki/Middle_French" title="Middle French">Middle French</a> spellings. </p><p>1681 inscription: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>QVÆ PRIVS IACQVELINA IOANNIS DE MONTE ACVTO COMITIS DONVM POND. XV. M. NVNC EMANVEL VOCOR, A CAPITVLO PARISIEN. DVPLO AVCTA. REGNANTE LVDOVICO MAGNO. SEDENTE FRANCISCO HARLÆO PRIMO EX ARCHIEPISCOPIS PARISIENSIBVS DVCE AC PARI FRANCIÆ. A. DNI. M. DC. LXXXI.<br /><br />NICOLAS CHAPELLE, IEAN GILLOT, FRANÇOIS MOREAV, ET FLORENTIN LE GVAY, TOVS MAISTRES FONDEVRS M'ONT FAIT L'AN M. DC. LXXXI.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFigure_de_la_grosse_cloche1681_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFigure_de_la_grosse_cloche1681-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Translation: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[I am] what was first Jacqueline, <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Montaigu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean de Montaigu">Jean de Montaigu</a> the count's gift of 15,000 pounds,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now Emanuel I am named by the Parisian chapter, enlarged by double, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis the Great</a> and the tenure of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Harlay_de_Champvallon" title="François de Harlay de Champvallon">François de Harlay</a>, first of the archbishops of Paris [to hold the title] duke and peer (French: <i><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_France" title="Peerage of France">duc et pair</a></i>) of France, AD 1681.<br /><br />Nicolas Chapelle, Jean Gillot, François Moreau, and Florentin le Guay, all master-founders, have made me in the year 1681.</p></blockquote> <p>1686 inscription (extant): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>QUÆ PRIUS IACQUELINA IOANNIS COMITIS DE MONTE ACUTO DONUM POND XV M NUNC DUPLO AUCTA EMMANUEL LUDOVICA THERESIA VOCOR A LUDOVICO MAGNO AC MARIA THERESIA EIUS CONIUGE NOMINATA ET A FRANCISCO DE HARLAY PRIMO EX ARCHIEPISCOPIS PARISIENSIBUS DUCE AC PARI FRANCIÆ BENEDICTA DIE XXIX APRILIS M DC LXXXII<br /><br />FLORENTIN LE GVAY NATIF ET MAISTRE DE PARIS M'A FAICTE—N CHAPELLE J GILLOT F MOREAU M'ONT FAICT EN 1685<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Guilhermy187348_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Guilhermy187348-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821146_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821146-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Translation: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[I am] what was first Jacqueline, Jean the count of Montaigu's gift of 15,000 pounds, now enlarged by double, Emmanuel-Louise-Thérèse I am named by Louis the Great and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Maria Theresa</a> his wife; and by François de Harlay, first of the archbishops of Paris [to hold the title] duke and peer of France, blessed on 29 April 1682.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><br />Florentin le Guay, native and master [founder] of Paris, has made me.—N. Chapelle, J. Gillot, F. Moreau have made me in 1685.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th_century_bells">19th century bells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th century bells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baptism_of_the_Four_New_Bells_for_the_Cathedral_of_Notre_Dame,_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Baptism_of_the_Four_New_Bells_for_the_Cathedral_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris.jpg/300px-Baptism_of_the_Four_New_Bells_for_the_Cathedral_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Baptism_of_the_Four_New_Bells_for_the_Cathedral_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris.jpg/450px-Baptism_of_the_Four_New_Bells_for_the_Cathedral_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Baptism_of_the_Four_New_Bells_for_the_Cathedral_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris.jpg/600px-Baptism_of_the_Four_New_Bells_for_the_Cathedral_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary lithograph from an English language publication of the bell benediction ceremony held in the parvis on 4 June 1856. The godparents kneel to the left while to the right Archbishop Sibour baptizes the bells with holy water.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="65" data-mwtitle="2011_Christmas_bells_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(excerpt).wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:2011_Christmas_bells_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(excerpt).wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/2011_Christmas_bells_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_%28excerpt%29.wav/2011_Christmas_bells_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_%28excerpt%29.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/2011_Christmas_bells_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_%28excerpt%29.wav/2011_Christmas_bells_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_%28excerpt%29.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/2011_Christmas_bells_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_%28excerpt%29.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Emmanuel, Angelique-Francoise, Antoinette-Charlotte, Hyacinthe-Jeanne, and Denise David ringing on 25 December 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> returned the use of the cathedral to the Catholic church with the <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat of 1801</a>, Emmanuel was remounted in the south tower. In 1812, the three clock bells were moved from the north transept to the north tower. </p><p>In 1850 during the restoration of the cathedral, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lassus" title="Jean-Baptiste Lassus">Jean-Baptiste Lassus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc">Eugène Viollet-le-Duc</a> temporarily removed the bells to replace the wooden belfries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1856, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> donated four new bells to celebrate his son <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on,_Prince_Imperial" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon, Prince Imperial">Prince Napoleon's</a> baptism. The Guillaume and Besson foundry in <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> cast the bells, partially using metal from Russian bells (or cannons<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) captured during the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>. The archbishop of Paris <a href="/wiki/Marie-Dominique-Auguste_Sibour" title="Marie-Dominique-Auguste Sibour">Marie-Dominique-Auguste Sibour</a> officiated the benediction ceremony, held in the <a href="/wiki/Parvis_Notre-Dame_%E2%80%93_Place_Jean-Paul_II" title="Parvis Notre-Dame – Place Jean-Paul II">Place du Parvis Notre-Dame</a> on 4 June. The bells' godparents included Sibour's cousin and <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">auxiliary</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on-Fran%C3%A7ois_Sibour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon-François Sibour (page does not exist)">Léon-François Sibour</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on-Fran%C3%A7ois_Sibour" class="extiw" title="fr:Léon-François Sibour">fr</a>]</span>, three members of the <a href="/wiki/Fabrica_ecclesiae" title="Fabrica ecclesiae">fabric</a> counsel (French: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conseil_de_fabrique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conseil de fabrique (page does not exist)">Conseil de fabrique</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_de_fabrique" class="extiw" title="fr:Conseil de fabrique">fr</a>]</span></i>), and four women related to past archbishops of Paris. The names <b>Angelique-Francoise</b>, <b>Antoinette-Charlotte</b>, <b>Hyacinthe-Jeanne</b>, and <b>Denise David</b> were derived from the names of the godfathers and archbishops. The bells were hung in the north tower, replacing the 18th century clock bells, and were rung for the first time on 14 June, the day of the prince's baptism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinston201891_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinston201891-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Crimean War, the French captured a Russian <a href="/wiki/Foghorn" title="Foghorn">fog bell</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> and returned it to Paris as a war trophy. The French called it the <b>Bell of Sevastopol</b> and hung in the south tower next to Emmanuel in 1857. France returned the bell to the Russian Empire in 1913 when the two countries enjoyed <a href="/wiki/Franco-Russian_Alliance" title="Franco-Russian Alliance">closer diplomatic relations</a>. The Russians mounted the bell by the sea in the ancient ruins of <a href="/wiki/Chersonesos" class="mw-redirect" title="Chersonesos">Chersonesos</a> outside of Sevastopol where it has since been known as the <a href="/wiki/Bell_of_Chersonesos" title="Bell of Chersonesos">Bell of Chersonesos</a>. </p><p>In 1864, three new clock bells were mounted in the upper level of the new spire. The smallest of these served as the chapter bell. In 1867, three more bells were installed directly over the <a href="/wiki/Crossing_(architecture)" title="Crossing (architecture)">crossing</a> within the ceiling. These were only audible inside the cathedral. </p><p>The mediocre quality of the four 1856 bells in the north tower was noted as early as 1866<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillon1866113_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillon1866113-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after more than a century and a half of constant use, they only became worse. According to campanologist <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9gis_Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Régis Singer (page does not exist)">Régis Singer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Singer" class="extiw" title="fr:Régis Singer">fr</a>]</span>, the bells were not made of high-quality metal, were not properly tuned with each other or to the bourdon, and showed premature signs of wear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeardsley2013_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeardsley2013-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, campanologist Hervé Gouriou described them as "one of the most dreadful sets of bells in France."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012 they were removed and replaced with audio recordings in preparation for replacements the following year. The bells were originally to be melted down, but due to public interest they were preserved and put on display behind the cathedral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_bells_(1867)"><span id="List_of_bells_.281867.29"></span>List of bells (1867)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of bells (1867)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Location</th> <th>No.<sup id="cite_ref-ringingorder_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ringingorder-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Image</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Year cast</th> <th>Mass</th> <th>Diameter</th> <th>Tone</th> <th>Year removed </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">South tower</td> <td>1</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FW_Glocke_Emmanuel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/FW_Glocke_Emmanuel.jpg/100px-FW_Glocke_Emmanuel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/FW_Glocke_Emmanuel.jpg/150px-FW_Glocke_Emmanuel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/FW_Glocke_Emmanuel.jpg/200px-FW_Glocke_Emmanuel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td> <td>Emmanuel</td> <td>1686</td> <td>about 13,000 kg<sup id="cite_ref-Emmanuel_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmanuel-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.61 m</td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>2</sub></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_bell_of_Chersonesos3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_bell_of_Chersonesos3.jpg/100px-The_bell_of_Chersonesos3.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_bell_of_Chersonesos3.jpg/150px-The_bell_of_Chersonesos3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_bell_of_Chersonesos3.jpg/200px-The_bell_of_Chersonesos3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_of_Chersonesos" title="Bell of Chersonesos">Bell of Chersonesos</a></td> <td>1778</td> <td>5,749 kg<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1913 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">North tower</td> <td>3</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_06.jpg/100px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_06.jpg/150px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_06.jpg/200px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td>Angelique-Francoise</td> <td rowspan="4">1856</td> <td>1,915 kg</td> <td>1.46 m</td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub></td> <td rowspan="4">2012<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichfield2012_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELichfield2012-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_05.jpg/100px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_05.jpg/150px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_05.jpg/200px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td>Antoinette-Charlotte</td> <td>1,335 kg</td> <td>1.25 m</td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_04.jpg/100px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_04.jpg/150px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_04.jpg/200px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td>Hyacinthe-Jeanne</td> <td>925 kg</td> <td>1.11 m</td> <td>F<sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_03.jpg/100px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_03.jpg/150px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_03.jpg/200px-Anciennes_cloches_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_le_6_ao%C3%BBt_2014_-_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td>Denise David</td> <td>767 kg</td> <td>1.05 m</td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Spire</td> <td>7</td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ap%C3%B4tres_au_pied_de_la_fl%C3%A8che_2_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ap%C3%B4tres_au_pied_de_la_fl%C3%A8che_2_cropped.jpg/100px-Ap%C3%B4tres_au_pied_de_la_fl%C3%A8che_2_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ap%C3%B4tres_au_pied_de_la_fl%C3%A8che_2_cropped.jpg/150px-Ap%C3%B4tres_au_pied_de_la_fl%C3%A8che_2_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ap%C3%B4tres_au_pied_de_la_fl%C3%A8che_2_cropped.jpg/200px-Ap%C3%B4tres_au_pied_de_la_fl%C3%A8che_2_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="1498" /></a></span></td> <td>HF1</td> <td rowspan="3">1864</td> <td>450 kg</td> <td>91.5 cm<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012207_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2012207-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>G<sub>3</sub></td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame de Paris fire">2019</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>HF2</td> <td>250 kg</td> <td>74.5 cm</td> <td>B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>3</sub><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012207_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2012207-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>HF3 (chapter bell)</td> <td>130 kg</td> <td>63.5 cm</td> <td>D<sub>4</sub><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012207_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2012207-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Crossing</td> <td>10</td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_Innen_Vierung_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Paris_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_Innen_Vierung_1.jpg/100px-Paris_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_Innen_Vierung_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Paris_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_Innen_Vierung_1.jpg/150px-Paris_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_Innen_Vierung_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Paris_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_Innen_Vierung_1.jpg/200px-Paris_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_Innen_Vierung_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4443" data-file-height="3344" /></a></span></td> <td>HC1</td> <td rowspan="3">1867</td> <td>60 kg</td> <td></td> <td>A<sub>4</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>HC2</td> <td>25 kg</td> <td></td> <td>C<sub>5</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>HC3</td> <td>20 kg</td> <td></td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inscriptions_of_1856_bells">Inscriptions of 1856 bells</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inscriptions of 1856 bells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angelique-Francoise: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><p><span class="smallcaps">illustrissime et <a href="/wiki/The_Most_Reverend" title="The Most Reverend">révérendissime</a> <a href="/wiki/Seigneur" title="Seigneur">seigneur</a> LEON FRANCOIS SIBOUR, <a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">evêque</a> de <a href="/wiki/Tripolis_on_the_Meander" title="Tripolis on the Meander">tripolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">auxiliaire</a> de monseigneur l'archevêque de paris, et PAULINE MARIE NICOLETTE de TALLEYRAND, duchesse de PERIGORD.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> m'ont donné les noms de ANGELIQUE-FRANCOISE. illustrissime et révérendissime père en dieu, monseigneur <a href="/wiki/Marie-Dominique-Auguste_Sibour" title="Marie-Dominique-Auguste Sibour">MARIE DOMINIQUE AUGUSTE SIBOUR</a>, archevêque de paris, m'a bénite, et je pèse 1915 kilogrammes</span></p></blockquote> <p>Antoinette-Charlotte: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><p><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Forbes_Ren%C3%A9_de_Montalembert" title="Charles Forbes René de Montalembert">CHARLES, comte de MONTALEMBERT</a> membre du conseil de fabrique de cette eglise <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(religious_jurisdiction)" title="Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)">metropolitaine</a> et CHARLOTTE BERNARDINE AUGUSTE, marquist de JUIGNE née PERCIN de MONGAILLARD de la VALETTE.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> m'ont donné les noms de ANTOINETTE-CHARLOTTE. j'ai ete bénite par illustrissime et révérendissime père en dieu monseigneur M.D. AUGUSTE SIBOUR archevêque de paris, et je pèse 1335 kilogrammes</span></p></blockquote> <p>Hyacinthe-Jeanne </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><p><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_de_Tascher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand de Tascher (page does not exist)">JEAN SAMUEL FERDINAND, comte de TASCHER</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Tascher" class="extiw" title="fr:Ferdinand de Tascher">fr</a>]</span>, membre du conseil de fabrique de cette eglise metropolitaine et HENRIETTE, vicomtesse de QUELEN née de GASTALD<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> m'ont nommé HYACINTHE-JEANNE. j'ai ete bénite par illustrissime et révérendissime père en dieu M.D. AUGUSTE SIBOUR, archevêque de paris, et je pèse 925 kilog</span></p></blockquote> <p>Denise David: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><p><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e-David_de_Pastoret" title="Amédée-David de Pastoret">AMEDEE DAVID, marquis de PASTORET</a>, membre du conseil de fabrique de cette eglise métropolitaine, et MARIE CAROLINE AFFRE, née JAVON,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> m'ont donné les noms de DENISE DAVID. illustrissime et révérendissime père en dieu monseigneur M.D. AUGUSTE SIBOUR, archevêque de paris, ma bénite, et je pèse 767 kilog</span></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century_bells">21st century bells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century bells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ClochesND-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/ClochesND-1.jpg/400px-ClochesND-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/ClochesND-1.jpg/600px-ClochesND-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/ClochesND-1.jpg/800px-ClochesND-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>Marie arrives at Notre-Dame by truck.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">rector</a>-<a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">archpriest</a> of Notre-Dame <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Jacquin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Jacquin (page does not exist)">Patrick Jacquin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Jacquin" class="extiw" title="fr:Patrick Jacquin">fr</a>]</span> initiated a project to restore the cathedral's bells as they were before the Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About two million Euros were raised for the project in private donations. Régis Singer, a campanologist of France's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(France)" title="Ministry of Culture (France)">Ministry of Culture</a>, researched the pre-Revolutionary bells to discover their <a href="/wiki/Strike_tone" title="Strike tone">strike tones</a> and mounting locations in order to restore the sound as accurately as possible. The arrival of the new bells was timed to coincide with the celebration of the cathedral's 850th anniversary in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeardsley2013_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeardsley2013-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bells were created in 2012 over the course of several months by two bell foundries using medieval techniques. The <i>petit bourdon</i> for the south tower was cast at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Eijsbouts_bell_foundry" title="Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry">Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry</a> in the Netherlands, while the eight bells for the north tower were cast at the Cornille-Havard foundry in <a href="/wiki/Villedieu-les-Po%C3%AAles" title="Villedieu-les-Poêles">Villedieu-les-Poêles</a>, Normandy. They were delivered to Notre-Dame on 31 January 2013 after a police escort down the <a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a>. </p><p>The names <b>Marie</b>, <b>Gabriel</b>, <b>Anne Geneviève</b>, <b>Denis</b>, <b>Marcel</b>, <b>Benoît-Joseph</b>, <b>Maurice</b>, and <b>Jean-Marie</b> were chosen to honor various saints and church figures. <b>Étienne</b> memorialized <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Etienne,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saint Etienne, Paris">Saint-Étienne de Paris</a>, the 6th century basilica which preceded Notre-Dame.<sup id="cite_ref-Étienne_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Étienne-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archbishop of Paris <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Vingt-Trois" title="André Vingt-Trois">André Vingt-Trois</a> officiated the benediction of the bells on 2 February in two masses. Certain prominent citizens, most of whom shared names with the bells, served as godparents. These included <a href="/wiki/Maria_Teresa,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg" title="Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg">Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_de_Broglie" title="Gabriel de Broglie">Gabriel de Broglie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Tillinac" title="Denis Tillinac">Denis Tillinac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_P%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" title="Marcel Pérès">Marcel Pérès</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Duthilleul" title="Jean-Marie Duthilleul">Jean-Marie Duthilleul</a>. While not present for the ceremony, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> was honorary godfather to Benoît-Joseph. The bell's compound name includes the pope's <a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">papal</a> and birth names. The ceremony was the largest such event recorded in the history of the diocese. The bells remained on display in the nave of Notre-Dame for the rest of the month, during which about one million visitors were able to touch the bells and view them up close. They were rung for the first time on 23 March, drawing a crowd which filled the parvis and nearby bridges.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeardsley2013_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeardsley2013-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bells are expected to last between 200 and 300 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAFP2013_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAFP2013-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bells were of special concern during the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame de Paris fire">15 April 2019 fire</a>. As the flames spread along the roof towards the towers, a southerly wind was threatening to spread the fire into the north tower. Firefighters feared that if the wooden belfry inside caught fire, the falling bells might break through the lower floors like wrecking balls and destabilize the tower. It was expected that if the tower fell, the entire cathedral would come down with it. While the fire did spread to the north tower, it was quickly extinguished by a team of firefighters who ascended the towers. In the end, the main bells were saved, but the six smaller bells over the crossing were destroyed. A short circuit of the spire bells' electric ringing mechanism has been cited as one of several possible causes of the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeltierGlanzGröndahlCai2019_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeltierGlanzGröndahlCai2019-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the fire, regular activities at the cathedral were suspended and the bells have since not rung on a regular basis. Emmanuel rang on 29 September 2019 for the funeral of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> and on 15 April 2020 to commemorate the first anniversary of the fire. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Namesakes of 2012 bells</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mary, mother of Jesus"><img alt="Mary, mother of Jesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_019.jpg/200px-Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_019.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_019.jpg/300px-Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_019.jpg/400px-Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_(75008)_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Gabriel, biblical archangel"><img alt="Gabriel, biblical archangel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_01.JPG/225px-Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_01.JPG/337px-Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_01.JPG/450px-Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="2381" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>, biblical archangel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_(75008)_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_30.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Anne, mother of Mary"><img alt="Saint Anne, mother of Mary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_30.JPG/225px-Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_30.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_30.JPG/337px-Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_30.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_30.JPG/450px-Paris_%2875008%29_%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_Ext%C3%A9rieur_Statue_30.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="2381" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Saint Anne</a>, mother of Mary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gap_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Arnoux_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Genevieve, patron saint of Paris"><img alt="Saint Genevieve, patron saint of Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gap_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Arnoux_02.jpg/199px-Gap_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Arnoux_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gap_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Arnoux_02.jpg/299px-Gap_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Arnoux_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gap_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Arnoux_02.jpg/399px-Gap_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Arnoux_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Saint Genevieve</a>, patron saint of Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Denis, 1st bishop of Paris"><img alt="Saint Denis, 1st bishop of Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_003.jpg/200px-Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_003.jpg/300px-Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_003.jpg/400px-Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_de_la_Vierge_-_PA00086250_-_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Denis of Paris">Saint Denis</a>, 1st bishop of Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_Sainte_Anne_-_PA00086250_-_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Marcel, 9th bishop of Paris"><img alt="Saint Marcel, 9th bishop of Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_Sainte_Anne_-_PA00086250_-_011.jpg/200px-Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_Sainte_Anne_-_PA00086250_-_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_Sainte_Anne_-_PA00086250_-_011.jpg/300px-Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_Sainte_Anne_-_PA00086250_-_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_Sainte_Anne_-_PA00086250_-_011.jpg/400px-Paris_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_-_Portail_Sainte_Anne_-_PA00086250_-_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Marcellus_of_Paris" title="Marcellus of Paris">Saint Marcel</a>, 9th bishop of Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 217.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P1300712_Paris_IV_parvis_ND_emplacement_porche_St-Etienne_rwk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint-Étienne de Paris, 6th century basilica which preceded Notre-Dame, dedicated to Saint Stephen[38]"><img alt="Saint-Étienne de Paris, 6th century basilica which preceded Notre-Dame, dedicated to Saint Stephen[38]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/P1300712_Paris_IV_parvis_ND_emplacement_porche_St-Etienne_rwk.jpg/323px-P1300712_Paris_IV_parvis_ND_emplacement_porche_St-Etienne_rwk.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/P1300712_Paris_IV_parvis_ND_emplacement_porche_St-Etienne_rwk.jpg/484px-P1300712_Paris_IV_parvis_ND_emplacement_porche_St-Etienne_rwk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/P1300712_Paris_IV_parvis_ND_emplacement_porche_St-Etienne_rwk.jpg/646px-P1300712_Paris_IV_parvis_ND_emplacement_porche_St-Etienne_rwk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1859" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Etienne,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saint Etienne, Paris">Saint-Étienne de Paris</a>, 6th century basilica which preceded Notre-Dame, dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Saint Stephen</a><sup id="cite_ref-Étienne_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Étienne-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pope Benedict XVI, born Joseph Ratzinger"><img alt="Pope Benedict XVI, born Joseph Ratzinger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg/225px-BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg/338px-BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg/450px-BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="1654" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>, born Joseph Ratzinger</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurice_de_Sully.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maurice de Sully, 73rd bishop of Paris"><img alt="Maurice de Sully, 73rd bishop of Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Maurice_de_Sully.jpg/236px-Maurice_de_Sully.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Maurice_de_Sully.jpg/355px-Maurice_de_Sully.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Maurice_de_Sully.jpg/473px-Maurice_de_Sully.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Sully" title="Maurice de Sully">Maurice de Sully</a>, 73rd bishop of Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Marie_Lustiger_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1988.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Marie Lustiger, 29th archbishop of Paris"><img alt="Jean-Marie Lustiger, 29th archbishop of Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Jean_Marie_Lustiger_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1988.jpg/203px-Jean_Marie_Lustiger_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1988.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Jean_Marie_Lustiger_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1988.jpg/305px-Jean_Marie_Lustiger_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1988.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Jean_Marie_Lustiger_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1988.jpg/407px-Jean_Marie_Lustiger_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1988.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lustiger" title="Jean-Marie Lustiger">Jean-Marie Lustiger</a>, 29th archbishop of Paris</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_bells_(2019)"><span id="List_of_bells_.282019.29"></span>List of bells (2019)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: List of bells (2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Location</th> <th>No.<sup id="cite_ref-ringingorder_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ringingorder-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Image</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Year cast</th> <th>Mass</th> <th>Diameter</th> <th>Tone</th> <th>Audio </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">South tower</td> <td>1</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Bell_of_the_southern_tower_of_Notre_Dame,_Paris_13_September_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Great_Bell_of_the_southern_tower_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris_13_September_2010.jpg/100px-Great_Bell_of_the_southern_tower_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris_13_September_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Great_Bell_of_the_southern_tower_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris_13_September_2010.jpg/150px-Great_Bell_of_the_southern_tower_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris_13_September_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Great_Bell_of_the_southern_tower_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris_13_September_2010.jpg/200px-Great_Bell_of_the_southern_tower_of_Notre_Dame%2C_Paris_13_September_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></td> <td>Emmanuel</td> <td>1686</td> <td>about 13,000 kg<sup id="cite_ref-Emmanuel_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmanuel-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.61 m</td> <td>F0</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="190" data-mwtitle="ND_G1_Emmanuel.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/ND_G1_Emmanuel.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/ND_G1_Emmanuel.ogg/ND_G1_Emmanuel.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_60.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_60.jpg/100px-Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_60.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_60.jpg/150px-Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_60.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_60.jpg/200px-Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_60.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td>Marie</td> <td rowspan="9">2012</td> <td>6,023 kg</td> <td>2.065 m</td> <td>G#0</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="97" data-mwtitle="ND_G2_Marie.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/ND_G2_Marie.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/ND_G2_Marie.ogg/ND_G2_Marie.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8">North tower</td> <td>3</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_025.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_025.jpg/100px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_025.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_025.jpg/150px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_025.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_025.jpg/200px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_025.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4787" data-file-height="3189" /></a></span></td> <td>Gabriel</td> <td>4,162 kg</td> <td>1.828 m</td> <td>A0</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_58.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_58.jpg/100px-Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_58.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_58.jpg/150px-Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_58.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_58.jpg/200px-Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_nouvelles_cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2013_58.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td>Anne-Geneviève</td> <td>3,477 kg</td> <td>1.725 m</td> <td>H0</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_010.jpg/100px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_010.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_010.jpg/150px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_010.jpg/200px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td>Denis</td> <td>2,502 kg</td> <td>1.536 m</td> <td>C1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_009.jpg/100px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_009.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_009.jpg/150px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_009.jpg/200px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4719" data-file-height="3317" /></a></span></td> <td>Marcel</td> <td>1,925 kg</td> <td>1.393 m</td> <td>D1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_008_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_008_%282%29.jpg/100px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_008_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_008_%282%29.jpg/150px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_008_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_008_%282%29.jpg/200px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_008_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1871" data-file-height="1709" /></a></span></td> <td>Étienne</td> <td>1,494 kg</td> <td>1.267 m</td> <td>E1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_007.jpg/100px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_007.jpg/150px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_007.jpg/200px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td>Benoît-Joseph</td> <td>1,309 kg</td> <td>1.207 m</td> <td>F1</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="169" data-mwtitle="ND_G8_Benoit_Joseph.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/ND_G8_Benoit_Joseph.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/ND_G8_Benoit_Joseph.ogg/ND_G8_Benoit_Joseph.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_003.jpg/100px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_003.jpg/150px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_003.jpg/200px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td>Maurice</td> <td>1,011 kg</td> <td>1.097 m</td> <td>G1</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="283" data-mwtitle="ND_G9_Maurice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/ND_G9_Maurice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/ND_G9_Maurice.ogg/ND_G9_Maurice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_002.jpg/100px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_002.jpg/150px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_002.jpg/200px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4523" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td>Jean-Marie</td> <td>782 kg</td> <td>99.7 cm</td> <td>A1</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="247" data-mwtitle="ND_G10_Jean_Marie.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/ND_G10_Jean_Marie.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/ND_G10_Jean_Marie.ogg/ND_G10_Jean_Marie.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inscriptions_and_decorations_of_2012_bells">Inscriptions and decorations of 2012 bells</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Inscriptions and decorations of 2012 bells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie is inscribed with the following benediction message and the <a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Hail Mary</a> prayer. It is also decorated with friezes of the <a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_at_Cana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage at Cana">Marriage at Cana</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><p><span class="smallcaps">† l'an 2013 le 2 fevrier, sous le pontificat de sa saintete le <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">pape benoit xvi</a>, pai ete benit et nomme MARIE par son eminence le cardinal andre vingt-trois, archeveque de paris, assiste de monseigneur patrick jacquin, recteur-archipretre de la basilique metropolitain notre-dame de paris, a l'occasion du grand jubile du 850<sup>e</sup> anniversaire de la cathedrale (1163–2013). je porte le nom du premier bourdon de notre-dame fondu en 1378, refondu la derniere fois en 1472 par thomas de claville et detruit en 1792. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Eijsbouts_bell_foundry" title="Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry">eijsbouts</a> <a href="/wiki/Asten,_Netherlands" title="Asten, Netherlands">astensis</a> me fecit anno mmxii</span></p></blockquote> <p>Inscriptions and decorations of the north tower bells were created by French artist Virginie Bassetti. Each bell is inscribed with its name, a line of the Angelus prayer, a symbolic number of <i lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fillet#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:fillet">fillets</a></i>, and an artistic theme. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bell</th> <th>Angelus line</th> <th>Fillets</th> <th>Artistic theme </th></tr> <tr> <td>Gabriel</td> <td><i>L'Ange du Seigneur apporta l'annonce à Marie</i><br />(The Angel of the LORD declared unto Mary)</td> <td>40: several meanings, see <a href="/wiki/Biblical_numerology#Numerological_values" title="Biblical numerology">Biblical numerology § Numerological values</a></td> <td>lilies: in Christian art, Gabriel often depicted bringing lilies to Mary during the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anne Geneviève</td> <td><i>Et elle conçut du Saint Esprit</i><br />(And she conceived of the Holy Spirit)</td> <td>3: the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">trinity</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">theological virtues</a> (faith, hope, and love)</td> <td>fire: tenacity of Saint Geneviève </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denis</td> <td><i>Voici la servante du Seigneur</i><br />(Behold the handmaid of the LORD)</td> <td>7: the seven <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_gift" title="Spiritual gift">spiritual gifts</a> described in <a href="/wiki/Romans_12" title="Romans 12">Romans 12</a> and seven <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacraments of the Catholic Church</a></td> <td>scratches: martyrdom of Saint Denis </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marcel</td> <td><i>Qu'il me soit fait selon ta parole</i><br />(Be it done unto me according to thy word)</td> <td>5: the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">three persons</a> of God and <a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">two natures</a> of Jesus</td> <td>water: the <a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A8vre_(river)" title="Bièvre (river)">Bièvre river</a>, a reference to the legend of Saint <a href="/wiki/Marcellus_of_Paris" title="Marcellus of Paris">Marcel</a> and the dragon<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Étienne</td> <td><i>Et le Verbe s'est fait chair</i><br />(And the Word was made flesh)</td> <td>2: <a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">two natures</a> of Jesus, a reference to the Angelus line</td> <td>stones: the martyrdom of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Saint Stephen</a> by stoning </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benoît-Joseph</td> <td><i>Et il a habité parmi nous</i><br />(And dwelt among us)</td> <td>12: the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve apostles">twelve apostles</a> of Christ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keys_of_Heaven" title="Keys of Heaven">Keys of Heaven</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> and the papacy </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maurice</td> <td><i>Priez pour nous, sainte Mère de Dieu</i><br />(Pray for us, O Holy Mother of God)</td> <td>8: fullness<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>floor plan of Notre-Dame: role of Maurice de Sully in the cathedral's construction </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean-Marie</td> <td><i>Afin que nous soyons rendus dignes des promesses du Christ</i><br />(That we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ)</td> <td>9: the nine celestial hierarchies described in <i><a href="/wiki/De_Coelesti_Hierarchia" title="De Coelesti Hierarchia">De Coelesti Hierarchia</a></i></td> <td>initials and <a href="/wiki/Tetramorph" title="Tetramorph">tetramorph</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Four Evangelists</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ringing_the_bells">Ringing the bells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ringing the bells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-right"><div class="title"><div>1899 sketches by Georges Redon</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auguste_Herbet,_grand_sonneur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Auguste Herbet sounding the morning Angelus"><img alt="Auguste Herbet sounding the morning Angelus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Auguste_Herbet%2C_grand_sonneur.jpg/330px-Auguste_Herbet%2C_grand_sonneur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Auguste_Herbet%2C_grand_sonneur.jpg/496px-Auguste_Herbet%2C_grand_sonneur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Auguste_Herbet%2C_grand_sonneur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Auguste Herbet sounding the morning Angelus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 241.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 239.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sonnerie_du_bourdon_Emmanuel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emmanuel being rung by a team of eight bell ringers"><img alt="Emmanuel being rung by a team of eight bell ringers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sonnerie_du_bourdon_Emmanuel.jpg/359px-Sonnerie_du_bourdon_Emmanuel.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Sonnerie_du_bourdon_Emmanuel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Emmanuel being rung by a team of eight bell ringers</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>The bells can be rung by swinging, usually called pealing or volleys (French: <i>à la volée</i>), or without swinging, usually called chiming (<i>tinter</i>) or strikes (<i>coup</i>). Volleys create a sound with perceived changes in volume and pitch, while chiming allows for more control and is used for the clock or for playing short melodies. Both methods are currently done by electric motors installed in the early 20th century. Prior to this, full-time bell ringers were employed. </p><p>In medieval times, an appointed <a href="/wiki/Churchwarden" title="Churchwarden">churchwarden</a> would oversee two bell ringers, a clergyman for the spire bells (the <i>petit sonneur</i>) and a layman for the main bells (the <i>grand sonneur</i>). To swing the bells, many assistants were recruited, as many as 40 at a time on feast days. Emmanuel alone required eight men just to start the peal, and 16 to maintain it for any length of time. The bells were usually swung with the use of pedals attached to the headstocks. (These pedals are still partially visible today on Emmanuel's headstock; they were removed on one side for the installation of a windlass.) However, at certain times the chapter would forbid bell ringers from entering the belfries at night for fear of them causing a fire by using open-flame lights. In these cases, the bells would be rung from the lower levels of the towers with ropes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESandronTallon2020_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESandronTallon2020-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antoine Gilbert served as <i>grand sonneur</i> during the Revolution and reluctantly aided in the removal of the bells. He nonetheless remained in the position through the restoration in 1802. His son Antoine-Pierre-Marie Gilbert succeeded him in 1820. The younger Gilbert wrote a detailed description of the cathedral<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and defended it from rioters during the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a>. He was succeeded in 1850 by Louis Herbet who helped save Notre-Dame from arsonists during the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a>. Herbet also maintained a bookbinding workshop in the north tower. He was succeeded as <i>grand sonneur</i> by his son Auguste in 1892 and his grandson Émile in 1906, who was the last to hold the title.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012205–206_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2012205–206-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the automation of ringing in the 1930s, the bells have been overseen by cathedral staff including general director Laurent Prades since 2000 and chief sacristan Stéphane Urbain since 2005. Urbain was the first to program the bells to play short melodies such as "<a href="/wiki/Nun_komm,_der_Heiden_Heiland" title="Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland">Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Regina_caeli" title="Regina caeli">Regina caeli</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETagliabue2008_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETagliabue2008-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Striking_clock">Striking clock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Striking clock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris#Clock" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris § Clock</a></div> <p>Notre-Dame used to ring the civil hours 24 hours a day, but starting in the 19th century this was reduced to only between 8am to 9pm to avoid disturbing nearby residents. </p><p>From medieval times, the hours were marked on the main bells, likely only by the number of hours struck at the top of the hour. This function was taken over in the 18th century by the clock bells on the north transept. The 19th-century clock bells in the spire marked the number of hours with a series of descending triplets and an ascending triplet for the final hour. The roof bells struck the first two bells for each quarter hour, then marked the number of hours on the third bell. The roof bells were largely decommissioned as a striking clock in the 1980s as they were perceived to be disruptive during services. They nevertheless were still used to announce the arrival of Christmas during the annual <a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a>. </p><p>Since 2005, the main bells have been programmed to play short melodies for the clock. The repertoire greatly increased in 2013 thanks to the greater number of bells. Quarter hours are marked with a musical motif adapted from two 14th-century tunes from the <i><a href="/wiki/Llibre_Vermell_de_Montserrat" title="Llibre Vermell de Montserrat">Llibre Vermell de Montserrat</a></i> – "Laudemus Virginem" and "<a href="/wiki/Splendens_Ceptigera" title="Splendens Ceptigera">Splendens Ceptigera</a>" – one, two, and three bars for the first, second, and third quarter hours. These are the same throughout the year. The full hours are marked with about 50 different melodies played throughout the year. At 9pm every day the same melody is played, the compline hymn <i><a href="/wiki/Te_lucis_ante_terminum" title="Te lucis ante terminum">Te lucis ante terminum</a></i>. After the melody, Gabriel marks the number of hours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angelus">Angelus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Angelus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tradition of ringing for the recitation of the <a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a> prayer three times a day began in 1472 when <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI of France">Louis XI</a> ordered the practice. The Angelus rings a few seconds after the clock at 8 am (9 am on weekends and holidays), 12 noon, and 7 pm. It is announced by a short series of chimes followed by about a four-minute volley. The particular pattern of ringing depends on the time of day and time of year, changing during <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Services">Services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bells announce services with different patterns of volleys, called <i>sonneries</i>. In the 18th century, Abbot Claude-Louis Marmotant de Savigny compiled a list of <i>sonneries</i> based on traditions developed by that time. The list followed a general hierarchy of solemnity, from the <i>grand solennel</i> (ringing order: 1, 2, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3) used for the most solemn occasions, to <i>Les Benjamines</i> (ringing order: 10, 9, 8) used for baptisms. A simplified version of this list was used from 1856 to 2012, and the full practice was revived from 2013 to 2019. </p><p>The bells are always rung in connection with a <a href="/wiki/Te_Deum#Service" title="Te Deum"><i>Te Deum</i> service</a>. During the <i>Ancien Régime</i>, these were held after the coronation of a new king, the birth of a new heir apparent, military victories, or other causes of thanksgiving. This tradition has continued, the most recent <i>Te Deum</i> being held at Notre-Dame on 9 May 1945 after <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">Victory in Europe Day</a>. The next such service is to be held on 15 April 2024 during the cathedral's reopening. </p><p>The roof bells are rung during <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">elevation</a>, the moment during Mass when the clergyman holds up the Sacred Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ Eucharist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_events">Historic events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Historic events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bells ring to celebrate the election of a new pope, usually with the <i>grand solennel</i>, and to mourn the death of a pope, usually by tolling the late pope's age on the bourdon. </p><p>The bells are usually not rung in times of war or invasion, except to be used as an alarm, or tocsin. Such was the case <a href="/wiki/Paris_in_World_War_I" title="Paris in World War I">during World War I</a> when the fighting came to within 30 kilometers of Paris. The bells rang again in celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">armistice of 11 November 1918</a>. This tradition has since continued, with the ringing of the <i>grand solennel</i> every 11 November at 11:00 am.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In recent years the <i>petit solennel</i> (ringing order: 2, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3) has alternately rung in order to preserve Emmanuel. </p><p>The bells also remained silent during the German occupation <a href="/wiki/Paris_in_World_War_II" title="Paris in World War II">during World War II</a>. On 25 August 1944, as French and American troops were entering Paris, Notre-Dame's bells rang again, soon joined by bells across the city. At the time, many Parisians did not know how close Allied forces were, as the Germans had imposed a strict curfew and controlled the radio stations. The sound of Notre-Dame's bells was the first indication to many residents that the liberation of the city was imminent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosbottom2014332_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosbottom2014332-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his memoirs, General <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Choltitz" title="Dietrich von Choltitz">Dietrich von Choltitz</a>, the German military governor of Paris, recalled how he called his superior, General <a href="/wiki/Hans_Speidel" title="Hans Speidel">Hans Speidel</a>, and simply held the telephone out the window.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosbottom2014336_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosbottom2014336-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(France)" title="Ministry of Culture (France)">Ministry of Culture</a> soon afterward classified Emmanuel as a historic monument. This precludes the bell from being destroyed or recast. The liberation has subsequently been celebrated every year on 25 August with the ringing of the <i>grand solennel</i> at 7:00 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 21st century, the bells have rung in times of mourning after terrorist attacks. On 12 September 2001, Emmanuel was rung for almost an hour in solidarity with the United States after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>. Such ringing was, and still is, extremely rare, as the antique bell is only rung on rare occasions in order to preserve it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The bells were also rung for the January 2015 <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting" title="Charlie Hebdo shooting">Charlie Hebdo shooting</a> and the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>. Emmanuel was tolled on 19 April 2020 to mark the first anniversary of the Notre-Dame fire. According to the rector-archpriest of Notre-Dame <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Chauvet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Chauvet (page does not exist)">Patrick Chauvet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Chauvet" class="extiw" title="fr:Patrick Chauvet">fr</a>]</span>, this was also meant to honor bereaved families and healthcare workers during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlobal_News2020_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlobal_News2020-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_depictions">Cultural depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cultural depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1534 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Gargantua_and_Pantagruel" title="Gargantua and Pantagruel">Gargantua</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais</a>, the giant Gargantua steals the bells of Notre-Dame to hang around the neck of his giant mare. A theologian named Janotus de Bragmardo delivers an inept speech to convince the giant to return them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowen1998_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowen1998-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bells are most known in popular culture from <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo's</a> 1831 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">The Hunchback of Notre-Dame</a></i> and its many adaptations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story, set in 1482, features <a href="/wiki/Quasimodo" title="Quasimodo">Quasimodo</a>, a fictional bell ringer of Notre-Dame, and descriptions of the cathedral's medieval bells. The bells mentioned in the novel are identical to those in a 1612 text by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_du_Breul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques du Breul (page does not exist)">Jacques du Breul</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_du_Breul" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques du Breul">fr</a>]</span> used as a reference by Hugo.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHugo2002467_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHugo2002467-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are Marie, Jacqueline, Gabriel (which du Breul spells "Gabrielle," also seen in Hugo), Guillaume, Thibauld, Pasquier, two "sparrows" (French: <i>moineaux</i>—a generic term for smaller bells, possibly Jean with Claude or Nicholas), and the seven-bell carillon including a "wooden bell" (<i>cloche de bois</i>), possibly La Clopette.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDu_Breul161211_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDu_Breul161211-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Information about Hugo as well as illustrations and excerpts from the novel are displayed in the south tower which was open to the public before the fire. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_(1996_film)" title="The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)">1996 film adaptation</a> by Disney opens and closes with a song called "<a href="/wiki/The_Bells_of_Notre_Dame" title="The Bells of Notre Dame">The Bells of Notre Dame</a>". Four fictional bells are named Little Sophia, Jeanne-Marie, Anne-Marie, and Louise-Marie (Quasimodo refers to the latter three as "triplets"); "Big Marie" is the nonfictional bourdon Marie which first appeared in the 13th century. In the <a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_II" title="The Hunchback of Notre Dame II">2002 sequel</a>, there is another fictional bell named La Fidèle which is made of gold and decorated with jewels (however, such a bell would not work in real life). </p><p>The bells have also been the subject of poetry, such as <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Villon" title="François Villon">François Villon</a>'s 1461 <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Testament" title="Le Testament">Le Testament</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2013_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2013-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Catherine Phil MacCarthy's "The Bells of Notre-Dame."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCarthy2019_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCarthy2019-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2012204-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012204_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinger2012">Singer 2012</a>, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESandronTallon202095-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESandronTallon202095_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSandronTallon2020">Sandron & Tallon 2020</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESociété1913176-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESociété1913176_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSociété1913">Société 1913</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubu185425-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubu185425_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDubu1854">Dubu 1854</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETemko1955232-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemko1955232_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemko1955232_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTemko1955">Temko 1955</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESociété1913197-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESociété1913197_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSociété1913">Société 1913</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGueffier176339-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGueffier176339_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGueffier1763">Gueffier 1763</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESociété1913180–181-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESociété1913180–181_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSociété1913">Société 1913</a>, pp. 180–181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGueffier176341-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGueffier176341_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGueffier1763">Gueffier 1763</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFigure_de_la_grosse_cloche1681-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFigure_de_la_grosse_cloche1681_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFigure_de_la_grosse_cloche1681_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFigure_de_la_grosse_cloche1681">Figure de la grosse cloche 1681</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillon1866112-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillon1866112_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillon1866">Billon 1866</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821146-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821146_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821146_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilbert1821">Gilbert 1821</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gazette de France</i> 1682 as cited by <a href="#CITEREFGilbert1821">Gilbert (1821</a>, pp. 145–6).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAFP2013-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAFP2013_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAFP2013_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAFP2013">AFP 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenoît2019_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenoît2019">Benoît 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821150-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821150_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821150_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilbert1821">Gilbert 1821</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarchand2012-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarchand2012_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarchand2012">Marchand 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_la_Baume2011_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_la_Baume2011">de la Baume 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2019-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2019_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2019">Smith 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ringingorder-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ringingorder_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ringingorder_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ringingorder_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ringing order, used to identify which bells ring in a particular <i>sonnerie</i> or ringing pattern, generally numbered from lowest to highest strike tone.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources using pre-Revolutionary primary sources give mass in pounds (French: <i>livres</i>). These are converted here as <i><a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement_in_France_before_the_French_Revolution#Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution">livre actuelle</a></i>, also called <i>livre de Paris</i> or <i>livre de poids de marc</i> (about 0.4895 kg). Compare pound measurements in <a href="#CITEREFGilbert1821">Gilbert (1821</a>, pp. 149–150) with kg measurements in <a href="#CITEREFSinger2012">Singer (2012</a>, p. 204).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmanuel-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmanuel_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmanuel_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmanuel_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources give various figures for the mass of Emmanuel—<a href="#CITEREFSinger2012">Singer (2012</a>, p. 203) 26,000 lb, <a href="#CITEREFBillon1866">Billon (1866</a>, p. 112) 30,000 lb, <a href="#CITEREFGilbert1821">Gilbert (1821</a>, p. 146) 32,000 lb, <a href="#CITEREFGueffier1763">Gueffier (1763</a>, p. 37) 36,000 lb, websites of Notre-Dame and <a href="#CITEREFMinistère_de_la_Culture">Ministère de la Culture</a> 13 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">metric tons</a> (13,000 kg), and <a href="#CITEREFDubu1854">Dubu (1854</a>, pp. 25) 18,000 kg. These discrepancies likely arose from various definitions of the pound (French: <i>livre</i>), as well as added confusion from the bell being cast several times with different masses. Gueffier is the earliest source and his 36,000 lb are commonly cited in others, including <a href="#CITEREFSociété1913">Société (1913</a>, p. 197) which gives the most detailed account of the bell, but does not convert to kg. Dubu may have arrived at 18,000 kg by converting Gueffier's 36,000 lb as <i>livre <a href="/wiki/Mesures_usuelles" title="Mesures usuelles">usuelle</a></i> or metric pounds (0.5 kg). Gilbert's 32,000 lb may come from the 32,000 lb Gueffier gives for the 1681 casting. Singer likely used Gueffier as well, but cites the 32,000 and 36,000 lb as 22,000 and 26,000 lb, respectively, either mistranscribing them or believing them to be too high. Singer consistently uses <i><a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement_in_France_before_the_French_Revolution#Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution">livre actuelle</a></i>, also called <i>livre de Paris</i> or <i>livre de poids de marc</i> (about 0.4895 kg) for conversions to kg. This was the pound used most commonly in Paris in the 17th century. Converting Singer's 26,000 lb with this unit yields 12,727 kg which is relatively close to the approximated 13,000 kg given by official sources. Converting Gueffier's 36,000 lb as <i>livre esterlin</i> (about 0.3671 kg) also comes relatively close—13,216 kg. Billon's 30,000 lb may come from the bell's own inscription ("15,000 pounds...now doubled") which is likely an approximation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2012208-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012208_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinger2012">Singer 2012</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="#CITEREFSociété1913">Société (1913</a>, p. 193), Jacqueline's original mass was 11,542 lb. The 15,000 lb given on the bell's inscription may use <i>livre esterlin</i> (about 0.3671 kg) as opposed to <i>livre actuelle</i> (about 0.4895 kg). If Société uses <i>livre actuelle</i>, the bell's original mass was about 5,650 kg or 15,390 <i>livre esterlin</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Guilhermy187348-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Guilhermy187348_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Guilhermy1873">De Guilhermy 1873</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGueffier1763">Gueffier (1763</a>, p. 38) and <a href="#CITEREFDubu1854">Dubu (1854</a>, p. 26) transcribe the baptism date as 29 April 1686, possibly believing the year of 1682 to be in error. According to <a href="#CITEREFGilbert1821">Gilbert (1821</a>, p. 146), the original date was kept in memory of Marie Theresia who had been present at the ceremony. According to Singer (2012, p. 203), the bell's second baptism also took place 29 April 1686.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinston201891-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinston201891_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWinston2018">Winston 2018</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillon1866113-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillon1866113_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillon1866">Billon 1866</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeardsley2013-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeardsley2013_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeardsley2013_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeardsley2013_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeardsley2013">Beardsley 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="#CITEREFVenikeyev1988">Venikeyev (1988)</a>, the bell weighs 351 <a href="/wiki/Pood" title="Pood">poods</a>, which are about 16.38 kilograms.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNTS_Sevastopol2019" class="citation audio-visual cs1">NTS Sevastopol (17 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0xJmvgadv0&t=140s"><i>The Bell of Chersonesos Rung in Solidarity with Parisians</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bell+of+Chersonesos+Rung+in+Solidarity+with+Parisians&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft.au=NTS+Sevastopol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DX0xJmvgadv0%26t%3D140s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELichfield2012-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichfield2012_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLichfield2012">Lichfield 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2012207-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012207_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012207_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012207_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinger2012">Singer 2012</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Appoline-Marie-Nicolette de Choiseul-Praslin, wife of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustin-H%C3%A9lie-Charles_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustin-Hélie-Charles de Talleyrand-Périgord (page does not exist)">Augustine-Marie-Hélie-Charles de Talleyrand, duke of Périgord</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin-H%C3%A9lie-Charles_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" class="extiw" title="fr:Augustin-Hélie-Charles de Talleyrand-Périgord">fr</a>]</span> (Anselme et al. 1879, pp.249–250) and grandnephew of archbishop <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ang%C3%A9lique_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Alexandre Angélique de Talleyrand-Périgord">Alexandre Angélique de Talleyrand-Périgord</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charlotte-Bernardine-Auguste de Percin de Montgaillard de Lavalette, wife of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_L%C3%A9on_Ernest_Le_Clerc_de_Juign%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Léon Ernest Le Clerc de Juigné (page does not exist)">Charles Léon Ernest Le Clerc, marquis of Juigné</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_L%C3%A9on_Ernest_Le_Clerc_de_Juign%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Léon Ernest Le Clerc de Juigné">fr</a>]</span> (Borel d'Hauterive 1868, p. 297) and great-grandnephew of archbishop <a href="/wiki/Antoine-%C3%89l%C3%A9onor-L%C3%A9on_Leclerc_de_Juign%C3%A9" title="Antoine-Éléonor-Léon Leclerc de Juigné">Antoine-Éléonor-Léon Leclerc de Juigné</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henriette Gastaldi, wife of Antoine Victoire Alphonse, viscount of Quélen and brother of archbishop <a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe-Louis_de_Qu%C3%A9len" title="Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen">Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-Caroline Affre de Saint-Rome, niece of archbishop <a href="/wiki/Denis_Auguste_Affre" title="Denis Auguste Affre">Denis Auguste Affre</a> (Borel d'Hauterive 1861, p. 178).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Étienne-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Étienne_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Étienne_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-9GAHUtgz8&t=1339s">Messe et bénédiction des huit nouvelles cloches</a> 2013. Translation of exchange—Archbishop Vignt-Trois (addressing two children): Rose and Jeroen, what name would you give to this bell? // Children: Étienne! // Vignt-Trois (addressing the bell's godfather): Canon Étienne de Mesmay, why this name? // de Mesmay: To memorialize the old cathedral church of Paris which preceded the current cathedral of Notre-Dame and was placed under the protection of Saint Stephen (Étienne), the first martyr. // Vignt-Trois: Let Étienne sing from now on for the glory of God and in service to the church.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeltierGlanzGröndahlCai2019-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeltierGlanzGröndahlCai2019_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeltierGlanzGröndahlCai2019">Peltier et al. 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-55DJgLHzY&t=822s">"Les voix de Notre-Dame" le feuilleton JT 13h du 22 mars 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In biblical numerology, fullness is often represented by the number seven. For other meanings of the number eight, see <a href="/wiki/Biblical_numerology#Numerological_values" title="Biblical numerology">Biblical numerology § Numerological values</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/spip.php?article1538">Sonnerie des nouvelles cloches de Notre-Dame de Paris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528155552/http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/spip.php?article1538">Archived</a> 28 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESandronTallon2020-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESandronTallon2020_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSandronTallon2020">Sandron & Tallon 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1821_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilbert1821">Gilbert 1821</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2012205–206-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2012205–206_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinger2012">Singer 2012</a>, pp. 205–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETagliabue2008-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETagliabue2008_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTagliabue2008">Tagliabue 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)">Order of ringing (NDP site)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosbottom2014332-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosbottom2014332_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosbottom2014">Rosbottom 2014</a>, p. 332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosbottom2014336-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosbottom2014336_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosbottom2014">Rosbottom 2014</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlobal_News2020-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlobal_News2020_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlobal_News2020">Global News 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowen1998-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowen1998_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowen1998">Bowen 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugo 1888, book 1 pp. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AVictor_Hugo_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(tr._Hapgood%2C_1888).djvu/18">4</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AVictor_Hugo_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(tr._Hapgood%2C_1888).djvu/43">29</a>, book 3 p. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AVictor_Hugo_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(tr._Hapgood%2C_1888).djvu/157">143</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHugo2002467-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHugo2002467_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHugo2002">Hugo 2002</a>, p. 467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDu_Breul161211-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDu_Breul161211_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDu_Breul1612">Du Breul 1612</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugo 1888, book 4 pp. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AVictor_Hugo_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(tr._Hapgood%2C_1888).djvu/179">165</a>–<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AVictor_Hugo_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(tr._Hapgood%2C_1888).djvu/180">166</a>, book 7 p. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AVictor_Hugo_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(tr._Hapgood%2C_1888).djvu/304">28</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2013-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinger2013_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinger2013">Singer 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCarthy2019-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCarthy2019_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacCarthy2019">MacCarthy 2019</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAFP2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://luxtimes.lu/archives/24915-paris-crowds-hail-new-bells-for-notre-dame-cathedral">"Paris crowds hail new bells for Notre Dame Cathedral"</a>. Luxembourg: Luxembourg Times. Agence France-Presse. 3 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paris+crowds+hail+new+bells+for+Notre+Dame+Cathedral&rft.place=Luxembourg&rft.pub=Luxembourg+Times&rft.date=2013-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fluxtimes.lu%2Farchives%2F24915-paris-crowds-hail-new-bells-for-notre-dame-cathedral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnselmeAngeSimplicien1879" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Anselm_de_Guibours" title="Anselm de Guibours">Anselme</a>; Ange; <a href="/wiki/Simplicien_Lucas" title="Simplicien Lucas">Simplicien</a> (1879). <i>Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la couronne, chevaliers, commandeurs et officiers de l'ordre du Saint-Esprit</i> (in French). Vol. 9. Paris. pp. 249–250 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hak-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA249">Google Books</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique+et+chronologique+de+la+Maison+royale+de+France%2C+des+pairs%2C+grands+officiers+de+la+couronne%2C+chevaliers%2C+commandeurs+et+officiers+de+l%27ordre+du+Saint-Esprit&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=249-250+%28Google+Books%29&rft.date=1879&rft.au=Anselme&rft.au=Ange&rft.au=Simplicien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/02/02/new-notre-dame-bells/1885675/">"New Notre Dame bells make harmonious history"</a>. McLean, Virginia: USA Today. Associated Press. 2 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Notre+Dame+bells+make+harmonious+history&rft.place=McLean%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=USA+Today&rft.date=2013-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2013%2F02%2F02%2Fnew-notre-dame-bells%2F1885675%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeardsley2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Beardsley" title="Eleanor Beardsley">Beardsley, Eleanor</a> (24 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2013/03/24/175173103/new-bells-chime-with-modern-pitch-at-notre-dame-cathedral">"New Bells Chime With Modern Pitch At Notre Dame Cathedral"</a>. Washington: NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Bells+Chime+With+Modern+Pitch+At+Notre+Dame+Cathedral&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2013-03-24&rft.aulast=Beardsley&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2013%2F03%2F24%2F175173103%2Fnew-bells-chime-with-modern-pitch-at-notre-dame-cathedral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlobal_News2020" class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDXG2tEO4g4&t=53s"><i>The bell of Notre Dame rings through Paris one year after fire</i></a> (in French). San Bruno, California: Global News. 15 April 2020. Event occurs at 0:53<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+bell+of+Notre+Dame+rings+through+Paris+one+year+after+fire&rft.place=San+Bruno%2C+California&rft.pub=Global+News&rft.date=2020-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DEDXG2tEO4g4%26t%3D53s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenoît2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Benoît, Robert (17 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/angers-49000/incendie-de-notre-dame-de-paris-jusqu-en-2013-la-cathedrale-etait-equipee-de-cloches-angevines-6313413">"Incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris. Jusqu'en 2013, la cathédrale était équipée de cloches angevines"</a> (in French). Rennes: Ouest-France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Incendie+de+Notre-Dame+de+Paris.+Jusqu%27en+2013%2C+la+cath%C3%A9drale+%C3%A9tait+%C3%A9quip%C3%A9e+de+cloches+angevines&rft.place=Rennes&rft.pub=Ouest-France&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft.aulast=Beno%C3%AEt&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ouest-france.fr%2Fpays-de-la-loire%2Fangers-49000%2Fincendie-de-notre-dame-de-paris-jusqu-en-2013-la-cathedrale-etait-equipee-de-cloches-angevines-6313413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillon1866" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Billon, Jean-Baptiste-Benjamin (1866). <i>Campanologie: Étude sur les Cloches et les Sonneries Françaises et Étrangères</i> (in French). Caen: F. Le Blanc-Hardel. pp. 111–113 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CNtGM8effCMC&pg=PA111">Google Books</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Campanologie%3A+%C3%89tude+sur+les+Cloches+et+les+Sonneries+Fran%C3%A7aises+et+%C3%89trang%C3%A8res&rft.place=Caen&rft.pages=111-113+%28Google+Books%29&rft.pub=F.+Le+Blanc-Hardel&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Billon&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste-Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorel_d'Hauterive1861" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Borel_d%27Hauterive" title="André Borel d'Hauterive">Borel d'Hauterive, André-François-Joseph</a> (1861). <i>Annuaire de la noblesse de France et des maisons souveraines de l'Europe</i> (in French). Vol. 18. Paris: M. Borel d'Hauterive. p. 278 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k365890/f296.item">BnF Gallica</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annuaire+de+la+noblesse+de+France+et+des+maisons+souveraines+de+l%27Europe&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=278+%28BnF+Gallica%29&rft.pub=M.+Borel+d%27Hauterive&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Borel+d%27Hauterive&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9-Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorel_d'Hauterive1868" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Annuaire de la noblesse de France et des maisons souveraines de l'Europe</i> (in French). Vol. 25. Paris: M. Borel d'Hauterive. 1868. p. 297 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k365968/f318.item">BnF Gallica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I2g_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA297">Google Books</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annuaire+de+la+noblesse+de+France+et+des+maisons+souveraines+de+l%27Europe&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=297+%28BnF+Gallica%2C+Google+Books%29&rft.pub=M.+Borel+d%27Hauterive&rft.date=1868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen1998" class="citation journal cs1">Bowen, Barbara C. (December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/399030">"Janotus de Bragmardo in the Limelight (Gargantua, ch. 19)"</a>. <i>The French Review</i>. <b>71</b> (2). Carbondale, Illinois: American Association of Teachers of French: 229–237. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/399030">399030</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+French+Review&rft.atitle=Janotus+de+Bragmardo+in+the+Limelight+%28Gargantua%2C+ch.+19%29&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=229-237&rft.date=1998-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F399030%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Barbara+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F399030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryant2013" class="citation web cs1">Bryant, Lisa (31 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/new-bells-in-notre-dame-restore-old-harmony/a-16698106">"New bells in Notre Dame restore old harmony"</a>. Bonn: DW<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+bells+in+Notre+Dame+restore+old+harmony&rft.place=Bonn&rft.pub=DW&rft.date=2013-03-31&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fnew-bells-in-notre-dame-restore-old-harmony%2Fa-16698106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrder_of_ringing_(NDP_site)" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103004359/https://www.notredamedeparis.fr/en/la-cathedrale/linterieur/cloches-et-bourdons/ordre-de-sonnerie-des-cloches-de-notre-dame/">"Order of ringing of the bells of Notre Dame"</a>. Paris: Notre-Dame de Paris site officiel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.notredamedeparis.fr/en/la-cathedrale/linterieur/cloches-et-bourdons/ordre-de-sonnerie-des-cloches-de-notre-dame/">the original</a> on 3 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Order+of+ringing+of+the+bells+of+Notre+Dame&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Notre-Dame+de+Paris+site+officiel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.notredamedeparis.fr%2Fen%2Fla-cathedrale%2Flinterieur%2Fcloches-et-bourdons%2Fordre-de-sonnerie-des-cloches-de-notre-dame%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170720142837/https://www.notredamedeparis.fr/la-cathedrale/linterieur/cloches-et-bourdons/ordre-de-sonnerie-des-cloches-de-notre-dame/">Original version in French</a>).</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRétablissement_de_la_Sonnerie_Historique_(NDP_site)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111019203111/https://www.notredamedeparis.fr/spip.php?article1211">"Rétablissement de la Sonnerie Historique"</a> (in French). Paris: Notre-Dame de Paris site officiel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.notredamedeparis.fr/spip.php?article1211">the original</a> on 19 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9tablissement+de+la+Sonnerie+Historique&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Notre-Dame+de+Paris+site+officiel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.notredamedeparis.fr%2Fspip.php%3Farticle1211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonnerie_des_nouvelles_cloches_(NDP_site)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528155552/http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/spip.php?article1538">"Sonnerie des nouvelles cloches de Notre-Dame de Paris"</a> (in French). Paris: Notre-Dame de Paris site officiel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/spip.php?article1538">the original</a> on 28 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sonnerie+des+nouvelles+cloches+de+Notre-Dame+de+Paris&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Notre-Dame+de+Paris+site+officiel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.notredamedeparis.fr%2Fspip.php%3Farticle1538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCholtitz1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Choltitz" title="Dietrich von Choltitz">Choltitz, Dietrich von</a> (1964). <i>De Sébastopol à Paris: Un soldat parmi des soldats</i>. Paris: Aubanel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+S%C3%A9bastopol+%C3%A0+Paris%3A+Un+soldat+parmi+des+soldats&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Aubanel&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Choltitz&rft.aufirst=Dietrich+von&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Guilhermy1873" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">De Guilhermy, F. (1873). <i>Inscriptions de la France de V<sup>e</sup> Siècle au XVIII<sup>e</sup></i> (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Imprimerie National. pp. 48–50 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6377940n/f81.item">BnF Gallica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=espaAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA48">Google Books</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inscriptions+de+la+France+de+V%3Csup%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E+Si%C3%A8cle+au+XVIII%3Csup%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=48-50+%28BnF+Gallica%2C+Google+Books%29&rft.pub=Imprimerie+National&rft.date=1873&rft.aulast=De+Guilhermy&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_la_Baume2011" class="citation web cs1">de la Baume, Maïa (18 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/world/europe/in-paris-bells-at-notre-dame-will-be-replaced.html">"A Melodic Emblem Falls Out of Tune"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Melodic+Emblem+Falls+Out+of+Tune&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft.aulast=de+la+Baume&rft.aufirst=Ma%C3%AFa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F10%2F19%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fin-paris-bells-at-notre-dame-will-be-replaced.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeplace1857" class="citation book cs1">Deplace, Charles (1857). "Discours pour la Bénédiction des Cloches de Notre-Dame de Paris". <i>Panégyrique de saint Vincent-de-Paul et discours divers</i>. Paris: Adrien le Clere. p. 236 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6336752r/f245.item">Gallica BnF</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Discours_pour_la_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9diction_des_Cloches_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris">Wikisource</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Discours+pour+la+B%C3%A9n%C3%A9diction+des+Cloches+de+Notre-Dame+de+Paris&rft.btitle=Pan%C3%A9gyrique+de+saint+Vincent-de-Paul+et+discours+divers&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=236+%28Gallica+BnF%2C+Wikisource%29&rft.pub=Adrien+le+Clere&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=Deplace&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDu_Breul1612" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Du Breul, Jacques (1612). <i>Le Theatre des Antiquez de Paris</i> (in Middle French). Paris: Claude de la Tour. p. 11 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k124905f/f29.item">BnF Gallica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yg9fAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA11">Google Books</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Theatre+des+Antiquez+de+Paris&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=11+%28BnF+Gallica%2C+Google+Books%29&rft.pub=Claude+de+la+Tour&rft.date=1612&rft.aulast=Du+Breul&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubu1854" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dubu (1854). <i>Histoire, Description et Annales de la Basilique de Notre-Dame de Paris</i> (in French). Paris: Ambroise Bray. pp. 25–29 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1qGvjk2jkCAC&pg=PA25">Google Books</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire%2C+Description+et+Annales+de+la+Basilique+de+Notre-Dame+de+Paris&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=25-29+%28Google+Books%29&rft.pub=Ambroise+Bray&rft.date=1854&rft.au=Dubu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFigure_de_la_grosse_cloche1681" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr/fr/musee-carnavalet/oeuvres/figure-de-la-grosse-cloche-de-notre-dame-de-paris-fondue-sur-le-terrein-le#infos-principales">"Figure de la grosse cloche de N-Dame de Paris"</a>. Paris: <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet" title="Musée Carnavalet">Musée Carnavalet</a>. 1681.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Figure+de+la+grosse+cloche+de+N-Dame+de+Paris&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Mus%C3%A9e+Carnavalet&rft.date=1681&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parismuseescollections.paris.fr%2Ffr%2Fmusee-carnavalet%2Foeuvres%2Ffigure-de-la-grosse-cloche-de-notre-dame-de-paris-fondue-sur-le-terrein-le%23infos-principales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-55DJgLHzY&t=822s"><i>"Les voix de Notre-Dame" le feuilleton JT 13h du 22 mars 2013</i></a> (in French). San Bruno, California: France Télévisions. 22 March 2013. Event occurs at 13:42<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Les+voix+de+Notre-Dame%22+le+feuilleton+JT+13h+du+22+mars+2013&rft.place=San+Bruno%2C+California&rft.pub=France+T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions&rft.date=2013-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dc-55DJgLHzY%26t%3D822s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1821" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gilbert, Antoine P.M. (1821). <i>Description historique de la Basilique métropolitaine de Paris: ornée de gravures</i> (in French). Paris: Chez Adrien Le Clere, Imprimeur de S. Em. 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New York: Little, Brown and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780316217446" title="Special:BookSources/9780316217446"><bdi>9780316217446</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Paris+Went+Dark%3A+The+City+of+Light+Under+German+Occupation%2C+1940%E2%80%931944&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2014-08&rft.isbn=9780316217446&rft.aulast=Rosbottom&rft.aufirst=Ronald+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandronTallon2020" class="citation book cs1">Sandron, Dany; <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tallon" title="Andrew Tallon">Tallon, Andrew</a> (5 April 2020) [2013]. "1245: Towers and Bells, Marking Time at the Cathedral". <i>Notre Dame Cathedral: Nine Centuries of History</i>. Translated by Cook, Lindsay; Tallon, Andrew. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780271086224" title="Special:BookSources/9780271086224"><bdi>9780271086224</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1245%3A+Towers+and+Bells%2C+Marking+Time+at+the+Cathedral&rft.btitle=Notre+Dame+Cathedral%3A+Nine+Centuries+of+History&rft.place=University+Park%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=The+Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=2020-04-05&rft.isbn=9780271086224&rft.aulast=Sandron&rft.aufirst=Dany&rft.au=Tallon%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Singer, Régis (4 October 2012). "Les beffrois et les cloches". In Vingt-Trois, André (ed.). <i>Notre-Dame de Paris</i>. La grâce d'une cathédrale (in French). Strasbourg: La Nuée Bleue. pp. 200–208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2809907988" title="Special:BookSources/978-2809907988"><bdi>978-2809907988</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Les+beffrois+et+les+cloches&rft.btitle=Notre-Dame+de+Paris&rft.place=Strasbourg&rft.series=La+gr%C3%A2ce+d%27une+cath%C3%A9drale&rft.pages=200-208&rft.pub=La+Nu%C3%A9e+Bleue&rft.date=2012-10-04&rft.isbn=978-2809907988&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9gis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2013" class="citation web cs1">Singer, Régis (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625154322/http://www.amopa.asso.fr/pdf/articles/revue200_singer.pdf">"Les cloches de Notre-Dame dans la littérature"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Paris: AMOPA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amopa.asso.fr/pdf/articles/revue200_singer.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+cloches+de+Notre-Dame+dans+la+litt%C3%A9rature&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=AMOPA&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9gis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amopa.asso.fr%2Fpdf%2Farticles%2Frevue200_singer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Andrew W.M. (16 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/disaster-has-struck-but-the-bells-of-notre-dame-will-ring-again-11695418">"Disaster has struck, but the bells of Notre-Dame will ring again"</a>. Isleworth: Sky News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disaster+has+struck%2C+but+the+bells+of+Notre-Dame+will+ring+again&rft.place=Isleworth&rft.pub=Sky+News&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Andrew+W.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fdisaster-has-struck-but-the-bells-of-notre-dame-will-ring-again-11695418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSociété1913" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Société de l'Histoire de Paris (1913). <i>Mémoires de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France</i> (in French). Vol. 40. Paris: H. Champion. pp. 175–212 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k53271068/f187.item">BnF Gallica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JEpMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA175">Google Books</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+l%27Histoire+de+Paris+et+de+l%27Ile-de-France&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=175-212+%28BnF+Gallica%2C+Google+Books%29&rft.pub=H.+Champion&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+l%27Histoire+de+Paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTagliabue2008" class="citation web cs1">Tagliabue, John (8 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/08/world/europe/08bells.html">"No Quasimodo, He Brings Music to Notre-Dame Bells"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=No+Quasimodo%2C+He+Brings+Music+to+Notre-Dame+Bells&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft.aulast=Tagliabue&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F08%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F08bells.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemko1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Allan_Temko" title="Allan Temko">Temko, Allan</a> (October 1955) [1952]. <i>Notre-Dame of Paris: the Biography of a Cathedral</i>. New York: Viking Press. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/55009643">55009643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notre-Dame+of+Paris%3A+the+Biography+of+a+Cathedral&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1955-10&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F55009643&rft.aulast=Temko&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinston2018" class="citation book cs1">Winston, Richard (2018). <i>Notre-Dame: A History</i>. Boston: New Word City. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-640-19066-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-640-19066-5"><bdi>978-1-640-19066-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notre-Dame%3A+A+History&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=New+Word+City&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-640-19066-5&rft.aulast=Winston&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenikeyev1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Venikeyev, Yevgeniy Vitalyevich (1988). "Chersonesos - Kherson - Korsun". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irsl.narod.ru/books/VENIKEYEVweb/SO_3.html"><i>Sevastopol and Its Surroundings</i></a> (in Russian). Simferopol: Tavriya.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chersonesos+-+Kherson+-+Korsun&rft.btitle=Sevastopol+and+Its+Surroundings&rft.place=Simferopol&rft.pub=Tavriya&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Venikeyev&rft.aufirst=Yevgeniy+Vitalyevich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firsl.narod.ru%2Fbooks%2FVENIKEYEVweb%2FSO_3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABells+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bells_in_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bells in Notre-Dame de Paris">Bells in Notre-Dame de Paris</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.notredamedeparis.fr/decouvrir/architecture/les-cloches/">Les cloches</a>, Notre-Dame de Paris website (in French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eijsbouts.nl/">Royal Eijsbouts</a> bell foundry website (in Dutch)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cornille-havard.com/">Cornille-Havard</a> bell foundry website (in French)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Paris</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Paris" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pillar_of_the_Boatmen" title="Pillar of the Boatmen">Pillar of the Boatmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Etienne,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saint Etienne, Paris">Saint-Étienne de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_school" title="Notre-Dame school">Notre-Dame school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Napoleon I">Coronation of Napoleon I</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Affair" title="Notre-Dame Affair">Notre-Dame Affair</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Notre_Dame_de_Paris" title="Musée de Notre Dame de Paris">Musée de Notre Dame de Paris</a> (1951–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_bombing_attempt" title="Notre-Dame de Paris bombing attempt">2016 bombing attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_attack" title="2017 Notre-Dame de Paris attack">2017 attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_fire" title="Notre-Dame fire">2019 fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parvis_Notre-Dame_%E2%80%93_Place_Jean-Paul_II" title="Parvis Notre-Dame – Place Jean-Paul II">Parvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptures_in_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="List of sculptures in Notre-Dame de Paris">Sculptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris">Spire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_(painting)" title="May (painting)">Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_of_Sainte-Chapelle" title="Relics of Sainte-Chapelle">Relics of Sainte-Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptures_in_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="List of sculptures in Notre-Dame de Paris">Sculptures</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Paris" title="Virgin of Paris">Virgin of Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt_of_Saint_Louis" title="Shirt of Saint Louis">Shirt of Saint Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Sully" title="Maurice de Sully">Maurice de Sully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Chelles" title="Jean de Chelles">Jean de Chelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Montreuil" title="Pierre de Montreuil">Pierre de Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Chelles" title="Pierre de Chelles">Pierre de Chelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lassus" title="Jean-Baptiste Lassus">Jean-Baptiste Lassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc">Eugène Viollet-le-Duc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tallon" title="Andrew Tallon">Andrew Tallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Georgelin" title="Jean-Louis Georgelin">Jean-Louis Georgelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Category:Burials at Notre-Dame de Paris"><i>Burials</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural<br />depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="The Coronation of Napoleon">The Coronation of Napoleon</a></i> (1807 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People" title="Liberty Leading the People">Liberty Leading the People</a></i> (1830 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">The Hunchback of Notre-Dame</a></i> (1831 novel, <a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame#Adaptations" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">adaptations</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bohemian_(Bouguereau)" title="The Bohemian (Bouguereau)">The Bohemian</a></i> (1890 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Quai_Saint-Michel_and_Notre-Dame" title="The Quai Saint-Michel and Notre-Dame">The Quai Saint-Michel and Notre-Dame</a></i> (1901 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame,_une_fin_d%27apr%C3%A8s-midi" title="Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi">Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi</a></i> (1902 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/View_of_Notre-Dame" title="View of Notre-Dame">View of Notre-Dame</a></i> (1914 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Notre_Dame_de_Paris_Mosque" title="The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque">The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque</a></i> (2005 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed_Unity" title="Assassin's Creed Unity">Assassin's Creed Unity</a></i> (2014 video game)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_on_Fire" title="Notre-Dame on Fire">Notre-Dame on Fire</a></i> (2022 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Île de la Cité">Île de la Cité</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bells" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bells" title="Template:Bells"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bells" title="Template talk:Bells"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bells" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bells"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bells" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bell" title="Bell">Bells</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background and <br />terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell" title="Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-cot" title="Bell-cot">Bell-cot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellfounding" title="Bellfounding">Bellfounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-gable" title="Bell-gable">Bell-gable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_pattern" title="Bell pattern">Bell pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">Bell tower / Campanile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-ringer" title="Bell-ringer">Bell-ringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfry_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfry (architecture)">Belfry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourdon_(bell)" title="Bourdon (bell)">Bourdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanology" title="Campanology">Campanology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Index_of_campanology_articles" title="Index of campanology articles">index</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peal" title="Peal">Peal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_bells" title="Ring of bells">Ring of bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_tone" title="Strike tone">Strike tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_clock" title="Striking clock">Striking clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvonnitsa" title="Zvonnitsa">Zvonnitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agog%C3%B4" title="Agogô">Agogô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluphone" title="Aluphone">Aluphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babendil" title="Babendil">Babendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_tree" title="Bell tree">Bell tree</a></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bianzhong" title="Bianzhong">Bianzhong</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_bell" title="Bicycle bell">Bicycle bell</a></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bonsh%C5%8D" title="Bonshō">Bonshō</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_bell" title="Call bell">Call bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_bell" title="Cat bell">Cat bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_bell" title="Church bell">Church bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowbell_(instrument)" title="Cowbell (instrument)">Cowbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotal_bell" title="Crotal bell">Crotal bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_bell" title="Dead bell">Dead bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doorbell" title="Doorbell">Doorbell</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dtaku" title="Dōtaku">Dōtaku</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanta" title="Ghanta">Ghanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbell" title="Handbell">Handbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_bell" title="Jingle bell">Jingle bell</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kane_(instrument)" title="Kane (instrument)">Kane</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-ring" title="Mini-ring">Mini-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_bell" title="Ship's bell">Ship's bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_bell" title="Servant bell">Servant bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_bell" title="Standing bell">Standing bell</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Suzu_(bell)" title="Suzu (bell)">Suzu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintinnabulum" title="Tintinnabulum">Tintinnabulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubular_bells" title="Tubular bells">Tubular bells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ringing styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chiming <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)" title="Chime (bell instrument)">Chime</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Canpan%C3%B2" title="Canpanò">Canpanò</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellacombe_apparatus" title="Ellacombe apparatus">Ellacombe apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_bell_ringing" title="Russian Orthodox bell ringing">Russian Orthodox bell ringing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blagovest" title="Blagovest">Blagovest</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_circle_ringing" title="Full circle ringing">Full circle ringing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Change_ringing" title="Change ringing">Change ringing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_changes" title="Call changes">Call changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_ringing" title="Method ringing">Method ringing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_bell_ringing" title="Bolognese bell ringing">Bolognese bell ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronese_bell_ringing" title="Veronese bell ringing">Veronese bell ringing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable bells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heaviest_bells" title="List of heaviest bells">List of heaviest bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangiga_bells" title="Balangiga bells">Balangiga bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_of_Good_Luck" title="Bell of Good Luck">Bell of Good Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_of_King_Seongdeok" title="Bell of King Seongdeok">Bell of King Seongdeok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Bell" title="Freedom Bell">Freedom Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bell_of_Dhammazedi" title="Great Bell of Dhammazedi">Great Bell of Dhammazedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tom_(bell)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Tom (bell)">Great Tom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Great_Bell_Tower" title="Ivan the Great Bell Tower">Ivan the Great Bell Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peace_Bell" title="Japanese Peace Bell">Japanese Peace Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Bell_(Valley_Forge)" title="Justice Bell (Valley Forge)">Justice Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Gloriosa" title="Maria Gloriosa">Maria Gloriosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingun_Bell" title="Mingun Bell">Mingun Bell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Bell" title="Olympic Bell">Olympic Bell</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Petersglocke" title="Petersglocke">Petersglocke</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund Bell">Sigismund Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Bells" title="Swan Bells">Swan Bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Bell_(Boston)" title="Temple Bell (Boston)"><i>Temple Bell</i> (Boston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar_Bell" title="Tsar Bell">Tsar Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Bell_Association" title="World Peace Bell Association">World Peace Bells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Bell_(Newport,_Kentucky)" title="World Peace Bell (Newport, Kentucky)">Kentucky</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bell_Temple" title="Big Bell Temple">Yongle Big Bell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bell founders <br />and foundries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergholtz_Bellfoundry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergholtz Bellfoundry (page does not exist)">Bergholtz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergholtz_klockgjuteri" class="extiw" title="sv:Bergholtz klockgjuteri">sv</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbie_family" title="Bilbie family">Bilbie family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Chokhov" title="Andrey Chokhov">Andrey Chokhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cockey#Origins_of_the_family" title="Edward Cockey">Cockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Eijsbouts_bell_foundry" title="Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry">Royal Eijsbouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashpir_Ganusov" title="Kashpir Ganusov">Kashpir Ganusov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Gheyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanden Gheyn">Vanden Gheyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillett_%26_Johnston" title="Gillett & Johnston">Gillett & Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassmayr_Bell_Foundry" title="Grassmayr Bell Foundry">Grassmayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Graye" title="Miles Graye">Miles Graye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatch_bell_foundry" title="Hatch bell foundry">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_and_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hemony" title="Pieter and François Hemony">Pieter and François Hemony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hodson_(bell-founder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Hodson (bell-founder)">Christopher Hodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Illenfeld" title="Franciscus Illenfeld">Franciscus Illenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juutila_Foundry" title="Juutila Foundry">Juutila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontificia_Fonderia_Marinelli" title="Pontificia Fonderia Marinelli">Marinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McShane_Bell_Foundry" title="McShane Bell Foundry">McShane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meneely_Bell_Foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Meneely Bell Foundry">Meneely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murphy_(bellfounder)" title="John Murphy (bellfounder)">John Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olsen_Nauen_Bell_Foundry" title="Olsen Nauen Bell Foundry">Olsen Nauen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glockengie%C3%9Ferei_Otto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glockengießerei Otto (page does not exist)">Glockengießerei Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonderie_Paccard" title="Fonderie Paccard">Paccard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_%26_Fritsen" title="Petit & Fritsen">Petit & Fritsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Phelps_(bell-founder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Phelps (bell-founder)">Richard Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudhall_of_Gloucester" title="Rudhall of Gloucester">Rudhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_and_William_Rufford" title="John and William Rufford">John and William Rufford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saarlouiser_Glockengie%C3%9Ferei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saarlouiser Glockengießerei (page does not exist)">Saarlouiser Glockengießerei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schilling_(bellfounder_family)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schilling (bellfounder family) (page does not exist)">Schilling</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilling_(Glockengie%C3%9Ferfamilie)" class="extiw" title="de:Schilling (Glockengießerfamilie)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_%26_Co" title="John Taylor & Co">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watts_(bellfounder)" title="Hugh Watts (bellfounder)">Hugh Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner_%26_Sons" title="John Warner & Sons">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry" title="Whitechapel Bell Foundry">Whitechapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geert_van_Wou" title="Geert van Wou">Geert van Wou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dove%27s_Guide_for_Church_Bell_Ringers" title="Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers">Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glockenmuseum_Stiftskirche_Herrenberg" title="Glockenmuseum Stiftskirche Herrenberg">Glockenmuseum Stiftskirche Herrenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell_Memorial_Museum" title="Liberty Bell Memorial Museum">Liberty Bell Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell_Museum" title="Liberty Bell Museum">Liberty Bell Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bell_Festival" title="National Bell Festival">National Bell Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bell_ringing_organizations" title="List of bell ringing organizations">Ringing organizations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Bell,_American_Legion" title="Freedom Bell, American Legion">Freedom Bell, American Legion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Bells" title="All the Bells">All the Bells</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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